A case study on the cyclonic eddy generated by the tropical cyclone looping over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is presented, using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data. Thre...A case study on the cyclonic eddy generated by the tropical cyclone looping over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is presented, using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data. Three cases relating to the tropical cyclone events (Typhoon Kai-Tak in July 2000, Tropical Storm Russ in June 1994 and Tropical Storm Maria in August-September 2000) over the NSCS have been analyzed. For each looping tropical cyclone case, the cyclonic eddy with an obvious sea level depression appears in the sea area where the tropical cyclone takes a loop form, and lasts for about 2 weeks with a slight variation in location. The cold core with the SST difference greater than 2℃against its surrounding areas is also observed by the satellite-derived SST data.展开更多
In the present paper we introduce and study pre-T0-,pre-R0-,pre-R1-,pre-T2(pre-Hausdorff)-,pre-T3(pre-regularity)-,pre-T4(pre-normality)-,pre-strong T3- and pre-strong T4-separation axioms in fuzzifying topology and g...In the present paper we introduce and study pre-T0-,pre-R0-,pre-R1-,pre-T2(pre-Hausdorff)-,pre-T3(pre-regularity)-,pre-T4(pre-normality)-,pre-strong T3- and pre-strong T4-separation axioms in fuzzifying topology and give some of their characterisations as well as the relations of these axioms and other separation axioms in fuzzifying topology introduced by Shen[7].展开更多
We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterize...We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the or-thopyroxenes have high XMg and A12O3 contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO2 and XMg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around -56.7℃, indicating a pure CO2 species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3-23.8℃ translating into CO2 densities of the order of 0.86-0.88 g/cm3. Based on preliminary mineral paragenesis, reaction textures and petrogenetic grid considerations, we infer that the rock was subjected to UHT conditions. The CO2-rich fluids were trapped during exhumation along a clockwise P-T path following isothermal decompression under UHT conditions.展开更多
Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived ...Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the Tengchong magmatic component. Compared with MORB, this relative low 3He/4He ratio could be fully attributed to either deep crustal contamination, or radioactive aging, or past contamination of the local mantle by U- and Th-rich subducted crustal material. However, a combination of low 3He/4He, high radiogenic 4He/40Ar ratio and identical CO2/3He and δ13Cco2 relative to MORB may suggest addition of prior subductedd crsustal material (ca 1 %-2%) to the MORB reservoir around 1.3 Ga ago, which is essentially compatible with the LIL-elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of volcanic rocks.展开更多
Altay granulite (AG), which represents the product of high-grade metamorphism in the lower crust, was newly found in the Wuqiagou area, Fuyun County in the Altay orogenic belt, Northwest China. It is composed mainly o...Altay granulite (AG), which represents the product of high-grade metamorphism in the lower crust, was newly found in the Wuqiagou area, Fuyun County in the Altay orogenic belt, Northwest China. It is composed mainly of hypersthene, augite, basic plagioclase, amphibole and brown biotite. Its mineral compositions of amphibole and biotite are rich in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and Ti. Geochemically, the AG is enriched in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and A12O3, and poor in CaO, with depletion of U, Th, K and Rb contents. Furthermore, geochemical data reflect that the protolith of the AG is igneous-genetic calc-alkaline basalt formed under an island arc environment. The AG has ZREE of 92.38-96.58 ppm and enriched LREE model with weak positive Eu anomaly of 1.09-1.15. In the MORB normalized spider diagram, the AG shows tri-doming pattern with a strong negative Nb anomaly and medium negative P and Ti anomalies, reflecting that the AG has tectonic relation with subduction or subduction-related materials. The P-T conditions of peak metamorphism of the AG are 750-780℃ and >0.6-0.7 GPa. Retrograde metamorphism implies that the protolith of the Altay granulite might undergo a metamorphic process along a clockwise P-T trajectory. Therefore, the formation and evolution of the AG may have a genetic association with continental collision/orogeny and the AG was taken into the Late Paleozoic meta-strata by way of tectonic emplacement.展开更多
Rare earth element (REE) contents, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were measured for three suites of mantle xenoliths from the Kuandian, Hannuoba and Huinan volcanoes in the north of the Sino-Korean Platform. From...Rare earth element (REE) contents, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were measured for three suites of mantle xenoliths from the Kuandian, Hannuoba and Huinan volcanoes in the north of the Sino-Korean Platform. From the correlations of Yb contents with Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios, the peridotites are considered to be the residues of partial melting of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE compositions are diverse, varying from strongly LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched, with various types of REE patterns. Metasomatic alteration by small-volume silicate melts, of mantle peridotites previously variably depleted due to fractional melting in the spinel peridotite field, can account for the diversity of REE patterns. The Sr/ Ba versus La/Ba correlation indicates that the metasomatic agent was enriched in Ba over Sr and La, suggestive of its volatile-rich signature and an origin by fluid-triggered melting in an ancient subduction zone. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of these xenoliths, even from a single locality, vary widely, covering those of Cenozoic basalts in eastern China. The depleted end of the Sr-Nd isotope correlation is characterized by clearly higher 143Nd/144Nd and a broader range of 87Sr/86Sr compared to MORB. The low-143Nd/144Nd and high-87Sr/86Sr data distribution at the other end of data array suggests the existence of two enriched mantle components, like EM1 and EM2. The correlations between 143Nd/l44Nd and 147Sm/N4Nd ratios in these xenoliths suggest at least two mantle metasomatic events, i.e. events at 0.6-1.0 Ga and 280-400 Ma ago.展开更多
In the procedure of the steady-state hierarchical optimization with feedback for large-scale industrial processes, a sequence of set-point changes with different magnitudes is carried out on the optimization layer. To...In the procedure of the steady-state hierarchical optimization with feedback for large-scale industrial processes, a sequence of set-point changes with different magnitudes is carried out on the optimization layer. To improve the dynamic performance of transient response driven by the set-point changes, a filter-based iterative learning control strategy is proposed. In the proposed updating law, a local-symmetric-integral operator is adopted for eliminating the measurement noise of output information,a set of desired trajectories are specified according to the set-point changes sequence, the current control input is iteratively achieved by utilizing smoothed output error to modify its control input at previous iteration, to which the amplified coefficients related to the different magnitudes of set-point changes are introduced. The convergence of the algorithm is conducted by incorporating frequency-domain technique into time-domain analysis. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,展开更多
Unique coupling reagent, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate was used to prepare coated and functionalized superparamagnetic nanobeads, leading to a simple, effective method for coating the nanobeads. With th...Unique coupling reagent, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate was used to prepare coated and functionalized superparamagnetic nanobeads, leading to a simple, effective method for coating the nanobeads. With this method, the thickness of the coating layer and the functional group contents on the nano-beads could be controlled by changing the quantity of the coated monomers. The nanobeads were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The carboxyl-modified magnetic nano-beads were employed to streamline the protocol of isolation of genomic DNA from the human whole blood.展开更多
The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical a...The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical and physical) determined. The data gave indication that the content and the amount of the discharged water largely affect the chemical composition of the coastal water. Stepwise regression analysis was highly significant and the model was very fruitful, where the observed and calculated values were mostly concordant. This may indicated that there was a relation between fluoride content in coastal seawater and its content in the discharged water.展开更多
Fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins at the Um Rus area are of three types: H\-2O, H\-2O-CO\-2 and CO\-2 inclusions. H\-2O inclusions are the most abundant, they include two phases which exhibit low and h...Fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins at the Um Rus area are of three types: H\-2O, H\-2O-CO\-2 and CO\-2 inclusions. H\-2O inclusions are the most abundant, they include two phases which exhibit low and high homogenization temperatures ranging from 150 to 200℃ and 175 to 250℃, respectively. The salinity of aqueous inclusions, based on ice melting, varies between \{6.1\} and 8 equiv. wt% NaCl. On the other hand, H\-2O-CO\-2 fluid inclusions include three phases. Their total homogenization temperatures range from 270 to 325℃, and their salinity, based on clathrate melting, ranges between \{0.8\} and \{3.8\} equiv. wt% NaCl. CO\-2 fluid inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase and exhibit a low density range from \{0.52\} to \{0.66\} g/cm\+3. The partial mixing of H\-2O-CO\-2 and salt H\-2O-NaCl fluid inclusions is the main source of fluids from which the other types of inclusions were derived. The gold-bearing quartz veins are believed to be of medium temperature hydrothermal convective origin.展开更多
In this contribution, my main attention is paid to the study of the geometric phase ora two-level system.Asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue and analytic information are obtained. The results are illustrated with a...In this contribution, my main attention is paid to the study of the geometric phase ora two-level system.Asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue and analytic information are obtained. The results are illustrated with an application to a specific atomic system.展开更多
Under the assumption that the growth order of the free term to satisfy the natural growth condition with respect to gradient of the generalized solutions, the maximum principle is proved for the bounded generalized so...Under the assumption that the growth order of the free term to satisfy the natural growth condition with respect to gradient of the generalized solutions, the maximum principle is proved for the bounded generalized solution of quasi_linear elliptic equations.展开更多
Using form invariance under special infinitesimal transformations in which time is not variable, the non-Noether conserved quantity of the relativistic nonholonomic system with variable mass is studied. The differenti...Using form invariance under special infinitesimal transformations in which time is not variable, the non-Noether conserved quantity of the relativistic nonholonomic system with variable mass is studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established. The definition and criterion of the form invariance of the system under infinitesimal transformations are studied. The necessary and sufficient. condition under which the form invariance is a Lie symmetry is given. The condition under which the form invariance can be led to a non-Noether. conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.展开更多
Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD, DTA, dissolution analysis (DCB), IR, M*issbauer and X-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopies. The puri...Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD, DTA, dissolution analysis (DCB), IR, M*issbauer and X-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopies. The purity of the samples and the degree of structural order were determined by XRD. The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at ～875 cm\+\{-1\} assigned as Al-OH-Fe which is present after chemical dissolution of free iron. The M*issbauer spectra of these clays show two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedral coordinated Fe\+\{3+\}, in addition to third doubler with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe\+\{2+\} in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H) sample. 6-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples. Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA. Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octahedral symmetry and as non-structural Fe. Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activation of investigated montmorillonite samples by NaCO\-3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles. This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure. However, extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples. On the other hand, amounts and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show a negative correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystalline perfection, color, brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples.展开更多
The form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the generalized Hamiltonian system are studied. Firstly, de?nitions and criteria of the form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the system are given. Next, the r...The form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the generalized Hamiltonian system are studied. Firstly, de?nitions and criteria of the form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the system are given. Next, the relation between the form invariance and the Lie symmetry is studied. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.展开更多
The photocatalytic degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) was investigated. The main reason for highly enhanced photodegradation of HPW-doped PVC film was studied and discussed.
Three complexes containing 2-pyrazinecarboxylate(pzca–), including [Ni(pzca)2(H2O)2], [Co(pzca)2(H2O)2], and [Cu(pzca)2(H2O)2], have been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic methods....Three complexes containing 2-pyrazinecarboxylate(pzca–), including [Ni(pzca)2(H2O)2], [Co(pzca)2(H2O)2], and [Cu(pzca)2(H2O)2], have been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the structure of each complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three complexes have an octahedral geometry, where the metal ion chelated by two carboxylate oxygens, two nitrogen atoms belonging to pyrazinic acid molecules, and two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The catalytic activities of these complexes were also investigated in the green synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with an arylaldehyde, phthalic anhydride, and dimedone in acetic acid.展开更多
In the atmosphere of Edirne 12 691 pollen grains belonging to 42 taxa were identified by using of Durham sampler in 2000 and 2001. A total of 6 189 pollen grains per cm^2 were recorded in 2000 and a total of 6 502 pol...In the atmosphere of Edirne 12 691 pollen grains belonging to 42 taxa were identified by using of Durham sampler in 2000 and 2001. A total of 6 189 pollen grains per cm^2 were recorded in 2000 and a total of 6 502 pollen grains per cm^2 in 2001. Total pollen grains consisted of 71.81% grains from arboreal plants, 25.88% grains from non-arboreal plants and 2.31% unidentified pollen grains. Pollen from the following taxa were also found to be prevalent in the atmosphere of Edirne: Gramineae, Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Platanus sp., Salix sp., Morus sp., Populus sp., Carpinus sp., Juglans sp., Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Fraxinus sp., Fagus sp., Ulmus sp., Ailanthus sp., Alnus sp., Ostrya sp., Helianthus sp. The season of maximum pollen fall was from April to June, with a prevalence of arboreal pollen in the first month, and of oollen from non-arboreal olants in the last months of the vear.展开更多
The two-scale asymptotic expression of the solution for the increment of temperature in a structure with a small periodic configuration is presented first, and the two-scale asymptotic expression of the displacement f...The two-scale asymptotic expression of the solution for the increment of temperature in a structure with a small periodic configuration is presented first, and the two-scale asymptotic expression of the displacement for the structure under the coupled thermoelasticity condition is then derived in this paper. In the asymptotic expressions the two-scale coupled relation between the increment of temperature and displacement is included. The approximate solutions and its error estimations are given.展开更多
文摘A case study on the cyclonic eddy generated by the tropical cyclone looping over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is presented, using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data. Three cases relating to the tropical cyclone events (Typhoon Kai-Tak in July 2000, Tropical Storm Russ in June 1994 and Tropical Storm Maria in August-September 2000) over the NSCS have been analyzed. For each looping tropical cyclone case, the cyclonic eddy with an obvious sea level depression appears in the sea area where the tropical cyclone takes a loop form, and lasts for about 2 weeks with a slight variation in location. The cold core with the SST difference greater than 2℃against its surrounding areas is also observed by the satellite-derived SST data.
文摘In the present paper we introduce and study pre-T0-,pre-R0-,pre-R1-,pre-T2(pre-Hausdorff)-,pre-T3(pre-regularity)-,pre-T4(pre-normality)-,pre-strong T3- and pre-strong T4-separation axioms in fuzzifying topology and give some of their characterisations as well as the relations of these axioms and other separation axioms in fuzzifying topology introduced by Shen[7].
文摘We first report discovery of the spinel-garnet-orthopyroxene granulite with pure CO2 fluid inclusions from the Fuyun region of the late Paleozoic Altay orogenic belt in Central Asia, NW China. The rock is characterized by an assemblage of garnet, orthopyroxene, spinel, cordierite, biotite, plagioclase and quartz. Symplectites of orthopyroxene and spinel, and orthopyroxene and cordierite indicate decompression under UHT conditions. Mineral chemistry shows that the or-thopyroxenes have high XMg and A12O3 contents (up to 9.23 wt%). Biotites are enriched in TiO2 and XMg and are stable under granulite facies conditions. The garnet and quartz from the rock carry monophase fluid inclusions which show peak melting temperatures of around -56.7℃, indicating a pure CO2 species being presented during the ultrahigh-T metamorphism in the Altay orogenic belt. The inclusions homogenize into a liquid phase at temperatures around 15.3-23.8℃ translating into CO2 densities of the order of 0.86-0.88 g/cm3. Based on preliminary mineral paragenesis, reaction textures and petrogenetic grid considerations, we infer that the rock was subjected to UHT conditions. The CO2-rich fluids were trapped during exhumation along a clockwise P-T path following isothermal decompression under UHT conditions.
文摘Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the Tengchong magmatic component. Compared with MORB, this relative low 3He/4He ratio could be fully attributed to either deep crustal contamination, or radioactive aging, or past contamination of the local mantle by U- and Th-rich subducted crustal material. However, a combination of low 3He/4He, high radiogenic 4He/40Ar ratio and identical CO2/3He and δ13Cco2 relative to MORB may suggest addition of prior subductedd crsustal material (ca 1 %-2%) to the MORB reservoir around 1.3 Ga ago, which is essentially compatible with the LIL-elements, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes of volcanic rocks.
文摘Altay granulite (AG), which represents the product of high-grade metamorphism in the lower crust, was newly found in the Wuqiagou area, Fuyun County in the Altay orogenic belt, Northwest China. It is composed mainly of hypersthene, augite, basic plagioclase, amphibole and brown biotite. Its mineral compositions of amphibole and biotite are rich in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and Ti. Geochemically, the AG is enriched in Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) and A12O3, and poor in CaO, with depletion of U, Th, K and Rb contents. Furthermore, geochemical data reflect that the protolith of the AG is igneous-genetic calc-alkaline basalt formed under an island arc environment. The AG has ZREE of 92.38-96.58 ppm and enriched LREE model with weak positive Eu anomaly of 1.09-1.15. In the MORB normalized spider diagram, the AG shows tri-doming pattern with a strong negative Nb anomaly and medium negative P and Ti anomalies, reflecting that the AG has tectonic relation with subduction or subduction-related materials. The P-T conditions of peak metamorphism of the AG are 750-780℃ and >0.6-0.7 GPa. Retrograde metamorphism implies that the protolith of the Altay granulite might undergo a metamorphic process along a clockwise P-T trajectory. Therefore, the formation and evolution of the AG may have a genetic association with continental collision/orogeny and the AG was taken into the Late Paleozoic meta-strata by way of tectonic emplacement.
文摘Rare earth element (REE) contents, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions were measured for three suites of mantle xenoliths from the Kuandian, Hannuoba and Huinan volcanoes in the north of the Sino-Korean Platform. From the correlations of Yb contents with Al/Si and Ca/Si ratios, the peridotites are considered to be the residues of partial melting of the primitive mantle. The chondrite-normalized REE compositions are diverse, varying from strongly LREE-depleted to LREE-enriched, with various types of REE patterns. Metasomatic alteration by small-volume silicate melts, of mantle peridotites previously variably depleted due to fractional melting in the spinel peridotite field, can account for the diversity of REE patterns. The Sr/ Ba versus La/Ba correlation indicates that the metasomatic agent was enriched in Ba over Sr and La, suggestive of its volatile-rich signature and an origin by fluid-triggered melting in an ancient subduction zone. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of these xenoliths, even from a single locality, vary widely, covering those of Cenozoic basalts in eastern China. The depleted end of the Sr-Nd isotope correlation is characterized by clearly higher 143Nd/144Nd and a broader range of 87Sr/86Sr compared to MORB. The low-143Nd/144Nd and high-87Sr/86Sr data distribution at the other end of data array suggests the existence of two enriched mantle components, like EM1 and EM2. The correlations between 143Nd/l44Nd and 147Sm/N4Nd ratios in these xenoliths suggest at least two mantle metasomatic events, i.e. events at 0.6-1.0 Ga and 280-400 Ma ago.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60274055)
文摘In the procedure of the steady-state hierarchical optimization with feedback for large-scale industrial processes, a sequence of set-point changes with different magnitudes is carried out on the optimization layer. To improve the dynamic performance of transient response driven by the set-point changes, a filter-based iterative learning control strategy is proposed. In the proposed updating law, a local-symmetric-integral operator is adopted for eliminating the measurement noise of output information,a set of desired trajectories are specified according to the set-point changes sequence, the current control input is iteratively achieved by utilizing smoothed output error to modify its control input at previous iteration, to which the amplified coefficients related to the different magnitudes of set-point changes are introduced. The convergence of the algorithm is conducted by incorporating frequency-domain technique into time-domain analysis. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,
文摘Unique coupling reagent, bis-(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) phosphate was used to prepare coated and functionalized superparamagnetic nanobeads, leading to a simple, effective method for coating the nanobeads. With this method, the thickness of the coating layer and the functional group contents on the nano-beads could be controlled by changing the quantity of the coated monomers. The nanobeads were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The carboxyl-modified magnetic nano-beads were employed to streamline the protocol of isolation of genomic DNA from the human whole blood.
文摘The coastal seawater of Mediterranean of Alexandria receives large amount of discharged waters containing industrial wastes, sewage, and agricultural and domestic drainage. Fluoride and some parameters were(chemical and physical) determined. The data gave indication that the content and the amount of the discharged water largely affect the chemical composition of the coastal water. Stepwise regression analysis was highly significant and the model was very fruitful, where the observed and calculated values were mostly concordant. This may indicated that there was a relation between fluoride content in coastal seawater and its content in the discharged water.
文摘Fluid inclusions in the gold-bearing quartz veins at the Um Rus area are of three types: H\-2O, H\-2O-CO\-2 and CO\-2 inclusions. H\-2O inclusions are the most abundant, they include two phases which exhibit low and high homogenization temperatures ranging from 150 to 200℃ and 175 to 250℃, respectively. The salinity of aqueous inclusions, based on ice melting, varies between \{6.1\} and 8 equiv. wt% NaCl. On the other hand, H\-2O-CO\-2 fluid inclusions include three phases. Their total homogenization temperatures range from 270 to 325℃, and their salinity, based on clathrate melting, ranges between \{0.8\} and \{3.8\} equiv. wt% NaCl. CO\-2 fluid inclusions homogenize to a liquid phase and exhibit a low density range from \{0.52\} to \{0.66\} g/cm\+3. The partial mixing of H\-2O-CO\-2 and salt H\-2O-NaCl fluid inclusions is the main source of fluids from which the other types of inclusions were derived. The gold-bearing quartz veins are believed to be of medium temperature hydrothermal convective origin.
文摘In this contribution, my main attention is paid to the study of the geometric phase ora two-level system.Asymptotic expansion of the eigenvalue and analytic information are obtained. The results are illustrated with an application to a specific atomic system.
文摘Under the assumption that the growth order of the free term to satisfy the natural growth condition with respect to gradient of the generalized solutions, the maximum principle is proved for the bounded generalized solution of quasi_linear elliptic equations.
文摘Using form invariance under special infinitesimal transformations in which time is not variable, the non-Noether conserved quantity of the relativistic nonholonomic system with variable mass is studied. The differential equations of motion of the system are established. The definition and criterion of the form invariance of the system under infinitesimal transformations are studied. The necessary and sufficient. condition under which the form invariance is a Lie symmetry is given. The condition under which the form invariance can be led to a non-Noether. conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.
文摘Clay minerals from different Cretaceous stratigraphic successions of Egypt were investigated using XRD, DTA, dissolution analysis (DCB), IR, M*issbauer and X-band Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopies. The purity of the samples and the degree of structural order were determined by XRD. The location of Fe in the octahedral sheet is characterized by absorption bands at ～875 cm\+\{-1\} assigned as Al-OH-Fe which is present after chemical dissolution of free iron. The M*issbauer spectra of these clays show two doublets with isomer shift and quadrupole splitting typical of octahedral coordinated Fe\+\{3+\}, in addition to third doubler with hyperfine parameter typical of Fe\+\{2+\} in the spectra of Abu-Had kaolinite (H) sample. 6-lines magnetic hyperfine components which are consistent with those of hematite are confirmed in the spectra of both Isel and Rish kaolinite samples. Goethite was confirmed by both IR and DTA. Multiple nature of ESR of these clays suggested structural Fe in distorted octahedral symmetry and as non-structural Fe. Little dispersion and low swelling indices as well as incomplete activation of investigated montmorillonite samples by NaCO\-3 appear to be due to incomplete disaggregation of montmorillonite particles. This can be explained by the ability of Fe-gel to aggregate the montmorillonite into pseudo-particles and retard the rigid-gel structure. However, extraction of this ferric amorphous compound by dithonite treatment recovers the surface properties of the montmorillonite samples. On the other hand, amounts and site occupation of Fe associated with kaolinite samples show a negative correlation with the parameters used to describe the degree of crystalline perfection, color, brightness and vitrification range of these kaolinite samples.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.19972010 and 10272021).
文摘The form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the generalized Hamiltonian system are studied. Firstly, de?nitions and criteria of the form invariance and the Lie symmetry of the system are given. Next, the relation between the form invariance and the Lie symmetry is studied. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No．20076004)
文摘The photocatalytic degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films by tungstophosphoric acid (HPW) was investigated. The main reason for highly enhanced photodegradation of HPW-doped PVC film was studied and discussed.
基金financial support provided for this work by the Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and PNUsupport of NSF-MRI Grant #1228232 for the purchase of the diffractometer and of Tulane University for the Tulane Crystallography Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Three complexes containing 2-pyrazinecarboxylate(pzca–), including [Ni(pzca)2(H2O)2], [Co(pzca)2(H2O)2], and [Cu(pzca)2(H2O)2], have been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the structure of each complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All three complexes have an octahedral geometry, where the metal ion chelated by two carboxylate oxygens, two nitrogen atoms belonging to pyrazinic acid molecules, and two oxygen atoms of two water molecules. The catalytic activities of these complexes were also investigated in the green synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with an arylaldehyde, phthalic anhydride, and dimedone in acetic acid.
文摘In the atmosphere of Edirne 12 691 pollen grains belonging to 42 taxa were identified by using of Durham sampler in 2000 and 2001. A total of 6 189 pollen grains per cm^2 were recorded in 2000 and a total of 6 502 pollen grains per cm^2 in 2001. Total pollen grains consisted of 71.81% grains from arboreal plants, 25.88% grains from non-arboreal plants and 2.31% unidentified pollen grains. Pollen from the following taxa were also found to be prevalent in the atmosphere of Edirne: Gramineae, Pinus sp., Quercus sp., Cupressaceae/Taxaceae, Platanus sp., Salix sp., Morus sp., Populus sp., Carpinus sp., Juglans sp., Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae, Fraxinus sp., Fagus sp., Ulmus sp., Ailanthus sp., Alnus sp., Ostrya sp., Helianthus sp. The season of maximum pollen fall was from April to June, with a prevalence of arboreal pollen in the first month, and of oollen from non-arboreal olants in the last months of the vear.
文摘The two-scale asymptotic expression of the solution for the increment of temperature in a structure with a small periodic configuration is presented first, and the two-scale asymptotic expression of the displacement for the structure under the coupled thermoelasticity condition is then derived in this paper. In the asymptotic expressions the two-scale coupled relation between the increment of temperature and displacement is included. The approximate solutions and its error estimations are given.
