Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eigh...Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the protective effects of naringin on doxorubicin(DOX)-induced liver injury.Methods:A total of 50 male rats were allocated into five groups:the control group,the DOX group,the DOX groups treat...Objective:To investigate the protective effects of naringin on doxorubicin(DOX)-induced liver injury.Methods:A total of 50 male rats were allocated into five groups:the control group,the DOX group,the DOX groups treated with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of naringin by gastric lavage for 10 days,as well as the group treated with 100 mg/kg of naringin alone.Liver and serum samples were collected for biochemical,histopathological,and molecular analyses,including liver enzyme activity,oxidative stress markers,inflammation,apoptosis-related proteins,and DNA damage indicators.Results:Naringin attenuated DOX-induced elevation in liver enzyme activity and inflammation markers while enhancing antioxidant activities.Naringin also activated the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway,with the most pronounced effect in the high-dose naringin group.In addition,naringin modulated apoptotic signaling by downregulating the expression of PI3K-AKT and BAX,and upregulating Bcl-2,as well as reduced the level of 8-OHdG.Histopathological evaluation showed that DOX-induced structural liver alterations,such as cellular degeneration and necrosis,were notably attenuated by naringin treatment.Conclusions:Naringin treatment exerts protective effects against DOX-induced liver injury through its antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic effects.展开更多
Groundwater,surface water and tap water contamination by PTEs(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Kipushi town and Lupoto locality of Kipushi administrative territory in the Upper-Katanga province,Democratic Re...Groundwater,surface water and tap water contamination by PTEs(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Kipushi town and Lupoto locality of Kipushi administrative territory in the Upper-Katanga province,Democratic Republic of Congo.A total of fifty four water samples including thirty two samples from drilled water wells,ten samples from spade-sunk water wells,six samples from supplied tap water,four samples from a mine effluent and two samples from a river were collected from both localities in November and December 2017 and in January,February and March 2018.Then the samples were analyzed for their PTE contents by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTE,such as arsenic,aluminum,cadmium,iron,lead,manganese and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater,surface water and tap water to meet their water needs in both localities are at risk.展开更多
Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinocicept...Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effects of repeated EA sessions,particularly concerning the regulation of the Adora3 receptor and its associated enzymes,has remained elusive.Methods:This study used a mouse model of spared nerve injury(SNI)to explore the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA at ST36(Zusanli)and its impact on Adora3 regulation in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH).Forty-eight male mice underwent SNI surgery for induction of neuropathic pain and were randomly assigned to the SNI,SNI+2EA,SNI+4EA,and SNI+7EA groups.Spinal cord(L4-L6)was sampled for immunofluorescence,adenosine(ADO)detection and for molecular investigations following repeated EA treatment.Results:Following spared nerve injury(SNI),there was a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds(PWTs)and thermal nociceptive withdrawal latency(TWL)in the ipsilateral hind paw on the third day post-surgery,while the contralateral hind paw PWTs showed no significant changes.On subsequent EA treatments,the SNI+EA groups led to a significant increase in pain thresholds(p<0.05).Repeated EA sessions in SNI mice upregulated Adenosine A3(Adora3)and cluster of differentiation-73(CD73)expression while downregulating adenosine deaminase(ADA)and enhancing neuronal instigation in the SCDH.Colocalization analysis of Neun-treated cells revealed increased Adora3 expression,particularly in the SNI+7EA group.Conclusions:In conclusion,cumulative electroacupuncture treatment reduced neuropathic pain by regulating Adora3 and CD73 expression,inhibiting ADA and most likely increasing neuronal activation in the SCDH.This study offers a promising therapeutic option for managing neuropathic pain,paving the way for further research.展开更多
Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary d...Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD).Disruptions in microbial balance during RV infections can impair immune homeostasis and worsen disease outcomes.Recent studies emphasize RV-induced regulation of antiviral defenses,cytokine production,and immune tolerance.This review explores the interplay between RV,the immune system,and microbiota,highlighting the importance of these interactions in guiding effective therapies for respiratory in-fections.It advances existing literature by considering microbiota-mediated therapies as a novel approach to managing RV exacerbations in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.展开更多
Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global ...Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global food security due to its adverse effects on plant development.The degree to which HS affects physiological disruptions,physical harm,and biochemical changes at various growth stages directly correlates with its effects on physiological functions,plant growth,and crop production.One promising approach is soil modification using biochar,which enhances soil health and promotes the development of microbial communities,ultimately improving plant heat tolerance.Biochar enhances soil structure,improves moisture retention,and increases nutrient availability in hot weather,thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields.Additionally,biochar,with its porous structure and ability to provide a liming effect,increases the diversity and activity of soil microbes,thereby fostering advantageous symbiotic relationships.These microbial communities support nutrient cycling,root growth,and general soil health,strengthening biochar’s position as a long-term solution for climate-resilient farming.Earlier research concentrated on the connection between biochar and heat stress or microbial populations;however,this review uniquely combines all three elements,providing a fresh viewpoint on their interrelated functions in enhancing plant adaptability.Furthermore,this study demonstrates the potential of biochar as a sustainable component for improving soil and supporting crops that adapt to heat stress.It examines the processes underlying these interactions and provides recommendations for future research strategies.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)parasites are a global concern and cause serious damage to the health of animals,including horses,because of their deleterious effects on the health of these animals.Owing to improperly diagnosing ...Gastrointestinal(GI)parasites are a global concern and cause serious damage to the health of animals,including horses,because of their deleterious effects on the health of these animals.Owing to improperly diagnosing the parasitic load and the resulting incorrect treatment,anthelmintics are becoming a global problem.Although rapid diagnostic techniques such as McMaster and FECPAK^(G2) are available in Africa,concentration techniques,including flotation and sedimentation,are commonly used in screening for gastrointestinal parasites.In this study,we compared the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques,namely,McMaster and FECPAK^(G2),in quantifying and determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites as an alternative to the commonly used flotation and sedimentation techniques for equine fecal samples in Jos,Plateau State,Nigeria.Three hundred fecal samples were collected from different locations.The instructions provided by the manufacturers of FECPAK^(G2) and McMasters were used as the methodology for egg count per gram of fecal matter,while parasite egg/ova identification was performed through sedimentation and flotation techniques.In general,a prevalence of 66.3%was recorded,with a higher prevalence on Babale ranch(84%)than on Jos Polo Club(62%)and Jos mounted troop(53%).A total of nine gastrointestinal parasites were identified via both sedimentation and flotation techniques:Strongylus spp.(19.3%)was the most prevalent parasite identified via the flotation method,whereas Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus(25.3%)was the most prevalent parasite identified via the sedimentation technique.In general,FECPAK^(G2) had a sensitivity of 86%,whereas McMaster had a sensitivity of 64%in terms of egg counts per gram of fecal sample.This finding suggests that equines in Jos are highly infected with a variety of gastrointestinal parasites to varying degrees,with Strongylus spp.and Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus being more prevalent.Although the parasite load was found to range from low to moderate levels,the majority of the equine samples contained<200 eggs per gram,suggesting a low infection rate via both the McMaster technique and the FECPAK^(G2) technique.On the basis of these findings,FECPAK^(G2) is recommended for rapid diagnosis because of its prompt outcome and infestation rate as well as ease of routine examination.Additionally,routine examination should be carried out to determine infestation by gastrointestinal parasites in all equine holdings and the effectiveness of the therapeutic agents used.展开更多
Treprostinil is a relatively new tricyclic prostacyclin analog with a stable str-ucture,extended half-life and improved potency.Currently,treprostinil is indicated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United Sta...Treprostinil is a relatively new tricyclic prostacyclin analog with a stable str-ucture,extended half-life and improved potency.Currently,treprostinil is indicated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension(group 1 in the pulmonary hy-pertension classification of the World Health Organization).It has a potent vasodilating effect along with the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the attenuation of the inflammatory response in pulmonary and systemic circulation.It is available in the following formulations:Subcutaneous,intravenous,inhaled and oral.Although unknown to many clinicians,several encouraging reports of off-label treprostinil use in the adult population suggest its potential effectiveness in other clinical conditions.Currently under investigation are digital ischemia secondary to systemic sclerosis,chronic limb ischemia,hepatic ischemia-reper-fusion injury and group 3 and 4 pulmonary hypertension.Based on review and analysis of the available literature,this article provides a thorough update on the off-label use of treprostinil in adult patients.展开更多
In a view of viral infections emerging and reemerging worldwide,a development of unconventional virus disinfection methods is of great importance.Light in the deep ultraviolet range(UVC)is widely used for germs disinf...In a view of viral infections emerging and reemerging worldwide,a development of unconventional virus disinfection methods is of great importance.Light in the deep ultraviolet range(UVC)is widely used for germs disinfection,which is mostly associated with a photoinduced damage of nucleic acids.Praseodymium(Ⅲ)-doped silicate materials emitting upconversion(UC)luminescence in UVC range under visible(VIS)excitation have been recently reported,revealing antiviral and antibacterial activities.In this work,we report synthesis of a series of Pr^(3+)-doped fluoride(NaYF_(4)and LiYF_(4))nanoparticles(NPs)and microcrystals(MCs)using wet chemistry techniques.The synthesized NPs and MCs are different in size,internal structure,doping composition and manifest UC photoluminescence(PL)in UVC range(at~255-275nm)under VIS excitation.Based on the results of PL spectroscopy and the essay on UVC UC PL-induced DNA degradation,the most promising LiYF_(4)and NaYF_(4)NPs and MCs were selected and their antiviral efficacy was evaluated toward two types of human viruses:(Ⅰ)theenveloped virus—herpes simplex virus,HSV-1,and(Ⅱ)the naked virus—adenovirus type 5,HAdV-C5.The experiments on photoactivated disinfection revealed a great potential of Pr^(3+)-doped fluoride NPs and MCs for inactivation of human viruses.Under laser exposure,all tested materials showed a high virucidal efficacy,especially against HAdV-C5 adenovirus:the adenovirus inactivation capacity by the NPs and MCs was shown to be up to≥99.99%.The presented proof-of-concept studies open new perspectives for nano-and micro-sized fluoride materials,paving the way to the design and development of light-activated self-disinfecting surfaces and fabrics with sterilizing properties.展开更多
This study developed an animal model with internal and external urethral sphincter insufficiency by bypassing the sphincter without major damage so that the animal under study can return to normal life after the study...This study developed an animal model with internal and external urethral sphincter insufficiency by bypassing the sphincter without major damage so that the animal under study can return to normal life after the study.There is a need for a reliable,applicable,and reproducible animal model for studying urinary incontinency disease due to incorrect sphincter function.Seven adult male dogs were used for this study.The urethral sphincter was bypassed by inserting a catheter between the bladder neck and the distal sphincter.The animals'physical condition was closely monitored for 9 weeks,and standard urodynamic and radiologic studies were performed before and 1–2 months after surgery.The animals were killed at 9 weeks after surgery for pathological assessment.Catheter placement caused complete incontinence in the animal,with urodynamic assessments indicating that the animal was unable to control urination and radiological assessments indicating an empty bladder with a residual volume of 50±10 cc.Tissue analysis did not show significant histological damage and inflammation.The study shows that by bypassing the urethral sphincter,which is a reliable and reproducible method,an animal model of urinary incontinence can be developed,which can be used in various studies such as assessing the adequacy of artificial sphincter function.The animals under study did not have any permanent defect,so they were able to return to their normal life.展开更多
Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely ...Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored.This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition,uncovering three primary ancestral components:European,Eurasian,and East Asian taurine.The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia,leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population.In contrast,Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds,while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle,consistent with their documented breeding history.Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds,reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection.A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing PDGFRA,KIT,and KDR,which may be associated with the white-headed pigmentation characteristic of Kazakh white-headed cattle.Additional genes under selection were linked to lipid metabolism(IRS1,PRKG1,and ADCY8),meat production traits(KCNMA1,PDGFRA,HIF1A,and ANTXR1),and dairy production(ATP2B1,DHX15,FUK,NEGR1,CCDC91,COG4,and PTK2B).This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nuclear genome data from local Kazakh cattle.It highlights the impact of historical cattle migrations across Eurasia on their genetic landscape and identifies key genomic regions under selection.These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of cattle and offer valuable genetic resources for future breeding strategies.展开更多
There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmi...There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.展开更多
Background:Neoadjuvant/preoperative therapy(NAT)involves the administration of chemotherapy,with or without radiation,prior to surgical resection.This approach is commonly used for locally advanced tumors to reduce tu...Background:Neoadjuvant/preoperative therapy(NAT)involves the administration of chemotherapy,with or without radiation,prior to surgical resection.This approach is commonly used for locally advanced tumors to reduce tumor volume,improve resectability,and minimize the need for extensive surgical procedures.While NAT has been shown to be effective in inducing local anti-tumor immunity in potentially resectable solid tumors,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:Cohort samples from pancreatic cancer patients who underwent NAT(n=26)and those who did not(n=20)were analyzed.Changes in the immune microenvironment induced by NAT were assessed using stratified bioinformatic approaches,including heatmap analysis of immunerelated genes selected via Gene Ontology,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)with the immunologic signature database,and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA).Findings were further validated through immunohistochemical analysis.Results:A comprehensive,stratified evaluation integrating pathological and bioinformatic approaches revealed that NAT induced the upregulation of 212 genes,including DC-SIGN(CD209),and activated 13 immuneassociated pathways,such as T-cell receptor(TCR)signaling.Additionally,NAT promoted an increased shift toward CD8(+)T-cell populations through the upregulation of MAL(T-cell differentiation protein).Immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed a significant accumulation of DC-SIGN(+)dendritic cells and MAL(+)lymphocytes in NAT-treated patients.Conclusions:NAT enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8(+)T-cell generation through the activation of DC-SIGN(+)dendritic cells and MAL(+)lymphocytes.This study is the first to report an increase in MAL(+)lymphocytes following NAT.Given its potential significance,further investigation in other solid tumors treated with NAT is warranted.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory condition of the intestine,resulting from an increase in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators.In this study,the extract of endophytic bacterium Rhizobium aegyptiacum...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory condition of the intestine,resulting from an increase in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators.In this study,the extract of endophytic bacterium Rhizobium aegyptiacum was prepared for the first time using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).In addition,also for the first time,the protective potential of R.aegyptiacum was revealed using an in vivo rat model of UC.The animals were grouped into four categories:normal control(groupⅠ),R.aegyptiacum(groupⅡ),acetic acid(AA)-induced UC(groupⅢ),and R.aegyptiacum-treated AA-induced UC(groupⅣ).In groupⅣ,R.aegyptiacum was administered at 0.2 mg/kg daily for one week before and two weeks after the induction of UC.After sacrificing the rats on the last day of the experiment,colon tissues were collected and subjected to histological,immunohistochemical,and biochemical investigations.There was a remarkable improvement in the histological findings of the colon tissues in groupⅣ,as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Masson's trichrome staining,and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.Normal mucosal surfaces covered with a straight,intact,and thin brush border were revealed.Goblet cells appeared magenta in color,and there was a significant decrease in the distribution of collagen fibers in the mucosa and submucosal connective tissues.All these findings were comparable to the respective characteristics of the control group.Regarding cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)immunostaining,a weak immune reaction was shown in most cells.Moreover,the colon tissues were examined using a scanning electron microscope,which confirmed the results of histological assessment.A regular polygonal unit pattern was seen with crypt orifices of different sizes and numerous goblet cells.Furthermore,the levels of catalase(CAT),myeloperoxidase(MPO),nitric oxide(NO),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interlukin-1β(IL-1β)were determined in the colonic tissues of the different groups using colorimetric assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).In comparison with groupⅢ,groupⅣexhibited a significant rise(P<0.05)in the CAT level but a substantial decline(P<0.05)in the NO,MPO,and inflammatory cytokine(IL-6 and IL-1β)levels.Based on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)gene expression was upregulated in groupⅢ,which was significantly downregulated(P<0.05)by treatment with R.aegyptiacum in groupⅣ.On the contrary,the heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)gene was substantially upregulated in groupⅣ.Our findings imply that the oral consumption of R.aegyptiacum ameliorates AA-induced UC in rats by restoring and reestablishing the mucosal integrity,in addition to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Accordingly,R.aegyptiacum is potentially effective and beneficial in human UC therapy,which needs to be further investigated in future work.展开更多
A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysi...A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate candidemia prevalence and identify patterns of Candida species in South-eastern Asia.Systematic electronic-databases literature search was performed on published studies recorded candidemia prevalence in South-Eastern Asia.Using meta-analysis of proportions,the overall pooled prevalences of candidemia by Candida(C.)albicans,C.tropicalis,C.parapsilosis and C.glabrata were calculated as 28.4%(95%CI 24.9-31.8),29.2%(95%CI 24.7-33.7),19.1%(95%CI 14.8-23.4)and 14.0%(95%CI 10.4-17.5),respectively.Based on publication year and country,subgroup analyses were conducted on Candida species to determine heterogeneity source.The findings may not precisely reflect true candidemia prevalence in different countries.Therefore,it highlights continuous need to conduct prevalence studies,assess and monitor growing burden,control effect of potential risk factors and implement regional surveillance programs to prevent further rise.展开更多
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)is a significant global cause of chronic heart failure.In post-ischemic cardiac hypertrophy,multiple molecular targets and signals within the cardiac tissue are evident.Mesenchymal ...BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)is a significant global cause of chronic heart failure.In post-ischemic cardiac hypertrophy,multiple molecular targets and signals within the cardiac tissue are evident.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-EXO)and exercise(EXE)showed promise in enhancing post-ischemic cardiac repair.AIM To investigate how the exosomes released by stem cells and/or EXE can promote cardiac repair and improve isoproterenol(ISO)-induced post-ischemic hypertrophy.METHODS The enrolled animals were divided into 8 control rats and 32 experimental rats.Induction of MI was performed using ISO.Then,the experimental rats were divided into 4 groups:Rats subjected to 4 weeks of swimming EXE,rats treated with exosomes,and the combined treatment.Additionally,functional and interactional exploration of targeted proteins was conducted using Gene Ontology,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and STRING database,along with histological examination.RESULTS Both MSC-EXO or EXE significantly improved ISO induced elevation of cardiac enzymes,oxidative stress,and inflammatory markers,as well as the degenerative changes of the cardiac muscles,fibrosis,and apoptosis.Meanwhile,the combined treatment of EXE and MSC-EXO resulted in a significant improvement in cardiac function and structure as compared to all groups that synchronized with dual inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(P<0.01)signaling and modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2a,with significant improved angiogenesis.CONCLUSION Functional and structural cardiac improvements are accompanied by reduced inflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis.Both MSC-EXO and EXE exert cardio-protection by upregulating sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase,the critical pump for normal calcium handling.展开更多
The development of cancer cell resistance to conventional treatments continues to be a major obstacle in the successful treatment of tumors of many types.The discovery of a highly efficient direct and indirect free ra...The development of cancer cell resistance to conventional treatments continues to be a major obstacle in the successful treatment of tumors of many types.The discovery of a highly efficient direct and indirect free radical scavenger,melatonin,in the mitochondrial matrix may be a factor in determining both the occurrence of cancer cell drug insensitivity as well as radioresistance.This relates to two of the known hallmarks of cancer,i.e.,exaggerated free radical generation in the mitochondria and the development ofWarburg type metabolism(glycolysis).The hypothesis elaborated in this report assumes that the high oxidative environment in the mitochondria contributes to a depression of local melatonin levels because of its overuse in neutralizing the massive amount of free radial produced.Moreover,Warburg typemetabolism and chemoresistance are functionally linked and supplementalmelatonin has been shown to reverse glycolysis and convert glucose processing to the type that occurs in normal cells.Since thismetabolic type is a key factor in determining chemoresistance,melatonin would predictably also negate cancer drug insensitivity.The possible mechanisms by which melatonin may interfere either directly or indirectly with drug resistance are summarized in the current review.展开更多
Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-th...Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been determined.In addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines.The main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.Results The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(P<0.0001)increased up to 34.11%±3.48%and 53.36%±11.00%in frozen-thawed sperm.In contrast,no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed(P>0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(<31.5 kb)was greater(P<0.0001)after(27.00%±4.26%)than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in toroids.On the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks(P>0.05).Conclusion Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks,which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions.The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cat-tle fertility,regardless of the size of generated fragments.展开更多
Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to i...Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.展开更多
Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the trea...Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses.Therefore,it is impor-tant to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains.In this study,novel selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles(SeTeNPs)were synthesized and characterized.Their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a bovine model.A total of 10 heifers were divided into experimental and control groups(5 animals each).After intramammary infection with methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and the development of clinical signs of mastitis,a dose of SeTeNPs was administered to all quarters in the experimental group.Results Based on in vitro tests,the concentration of 149.70 mg/L and 263.95 mg/L of Se and Te,respectively,was used for application into the mammary gland.Three days after SeTeNPs administration,MRSA counts in the experimental group showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control group.The inhibitory effect observed within the in vitro experiments was thus confirmed,resulting in the suppression of infection in ani-mals.Moreover,the superior biocompatibility of SeTeNPs in the organism was demonstrated,as the nanoparticles did not significantly alter the inflammatory response or histopathology at the site of application,i.e.,mammary gland,compared to the control group(P>0.05).Additionally,the metabolic profile of the blood plasma as well as the histology of the main organs remained unaffected,indicating that the nanoparticles had no adverse effects on the organism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that SeTeNPs can be used as a promising treatment for bovine mastitis in the pres-ence of resistant bacteria.However,the current study is limited by its small sample size,making it primarily a proof of the concept for the efficacy of intramammary-applied SeTeNPs.Therefore,further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these results.展开更多
基金funding received from UNESCO-SIDA Project as well as Professor Martine Leermakers and Professor Willy Baeyens for their financial help to analyze the water samples in their laboratory at VUB.Acknowledgements
文摘Groundwater and surface water contamination by PTE(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Ruashi and Annexe municipalities of Lubumbashi city.Analyses of seventy water samples collected from six drilled wells,eight spade-sunk wells,one river and one spring in both municipalities in 2017 and 2018 were carried out by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTEs,such as aluminum,cadmium,copper,iron,lead,manganese,nickel and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater and surface water to meet their water needs in both Ruashi and Annexe municipalities are at risk.
基金supported by the Atatürk University Scientific Research Projects Coordinator(Project No:2020/8737)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the protective effects of naringin on doxorubicin(DOX)-induced liver injury.Methods:A total of 50 male rats were allocated into five groups:the control group,the DOX group,the DOX groups treated with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of naringin by gastric lavage for 10 days,as well as the group treated with 100 mg/kg of naringin alone.Liver and serum samples were collected for biochemical,histopathological,and molecular analyses,including liver enzyme activity,oxidative stress markers,inflammation,apoptosis-related proteins,and DNA damage indicators.Results:Naringin attenuated DOX-induced elevation in liver enzyme activity and inflammation markers while enhancing antioxidant activities.Naringin also activated the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway,with the most pronounced effect in the high-dose naringin group.In addition,naringin modulated apoptotic signaling by downregulating the expression of PI3K-AKT and BAX,and upregulating Bcl-2,as well as reduced the level of 8-OHdG.Histopathological evaluation showed that DOX-induced structural liver alterations,such as cellular degeneration and necrosis,were notably attenuated by naringin treatment.Conclusions:Naringin treatment exerts protective effects against DOX-induced liver injury through its antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic effects.
文摘Groundwater,surface water and tap water contamination by PTEs(Potentially Toxic Elements)was assessed in Kipushi town and Lupoto locality of Kipushi administrative territory in the Upper-Katanga province,Democratic Republic of Congo.A total of fifty four water samples including thirty two samples from drilled water wells,ten samples from spade-sunk water wells,six samples from supplied tap water,four samples from a mine effluent and two samples from a river were collected from both localities in November and December 2017 and in January,February and March 2018.Then the samples were analyzed for their PTE contents by ICP-SF-MS(Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry).Twenty PTEs including aluminum,arsenic,barium,bismuth,cadmium,cesium,chromium,cobalt,copper,iron,lead,manganese,molybdenum,nickel,strontium,thallium,tungsten,uranium,vanadium and zinc were detected at various concentrations in each one of the samples.Many samples had concentrations and mean concentrations of PTE,such as arsenic,aluminum,cadmium,iron,lead,manganese and zinc,higher than the respective acceptable limits set for drinking water by the EU(European Union),the USEPA(United States Environmental Protection Agency),and the WHO(World Health Organization)standards.Most PTEs being deleterious to human health even at very low concentrations,people who use the groundwater,surface water and tap water to meet their water needs in both localities are at risk.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32172930。
文摘Background:Existing remedial approaches for relieving neuropathic pain(NPP)are challenging and open the way for alternative therapeutic measures such as electroacupuncture(EA).The mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effects of repeated EA sessions,particularly concerning the regulation of the Adora3 receptor and its associated enzymes,has remained elusive.Methods:This study used a mouse model of spared nerve injury(SNI)to explore the cumulative analgesic effects of repeated EA at ST36(Zusanli)and its impact on Adora3 regulation in the spinal cord dorsal horn(SCDH).Forty-eight male mice underwent SNI surgery for induction of neuropathic pain and were randomly assigned to the SNI,SNI+2EA,SNI+4EA,and SNI+7EA groups.Spinal cord(L4-L6)was sampled for immunofluorescence,adenosine(ADO)detection and for molecular investigations following repeated EA treatment.Results:Following spared nerve injury(SNI),there was a significant decrease in mechanical withdrawal thresholds(PWTs)and thermal nociceptive withdrawal latency(TWL)in the ipsilateral hind paw on the third day post-surgery,while the contralateral hind paw PWTs showed no significant changes.On subsequent EA treatments,the SNI+EA groups led to a significant increase in pain thresholds(p<0.05).Repeated EA sessions in SNI mice upregulated Adenosine A3(Adora3)and cluster of differentiation-73(CD73)expression while downregulating adenosine deaminase(ADA)and enhancing neuronal instigation in the SCDH.Colocalization analysis of Neun-treated cells revealed increased Adora3 expression,particularly in the SNI+7EA group.Conclusions:In conclusion,cumulative electroacupuncture treatment reduced neuropathic pain by regulating Adora3 and CD73 expression,inhibiting ADA and most likely increasing neuronal activation in the SCDH.This study offers a promising therapeutic option for managing neuropathic pain,paving the way for further research.
文摘Microbes play a critical role in shaping immune development,with growing interest in how rhinovirus(RV)interacts with the host immune system,particularly in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pul-monary disease(COPD).Disruptions in microbial balance during RV infections can impair immune homeostasis and worsen disease outcomes.Recent studies emphasize RV-induced regulation of antiviral defenses,cytokine production,and immune tolerance.This review explores the interplay between RV,the immune system,and microbiota,highlighting the importance of these interactions in guiding effective therapies for respiratory in-fections.It advances existing literature by considering microbiota-mediated therapies as a novel approach to managing RV exacerbations in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.
文摘Global warming is making plants more susceptible to heat stress.Hence,adjustments to crop production systems are required for global food security.Heat stress(HS)poses a threat to the quality of ecosystems and global food security due to its adverse effects on plant development.The degree to which HS affects physiological disruptions,physical harm,and biochemical changes at various growth stages directly correlates with its effects on physiological functions,plant growth,and crop production.One promising approach is soil modification using biochar,which enhances soil health and promotes the development of microbial communities,ultimately improving plant heat tolerance.Biochar enhances soil structure,improves moisture retention,and increases nutrient availability in hot weather,thereby promoting plant growth and enhancing crop yields.Additionally,biochar,with its porous structure and ability to provide a liming effect,increases the diversity and activity of soil microbes,thereby fostering advantageous symbiotic relationships.These microbial communities support nutrient cycling,root growth,and general soil health,strengthening biochar’s position as a long-term solution for climate-resilient farming.Earlier research concentrated on the connection between biochar and heat stress or microbial populations;however,this review uniquely combines all three elements,providing a fresh viewpoint on their interrelated functions in enhancing plant adaptability.Furthermore,this study demonstrates the potential of biochar as a sustainable component for improving soil and supporting crops that adapt to heat stress.It examines the processes underlying these interactions and provides recommendations for future research strategies.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)parasites are a global concern and cause serious damage to the health of animals,including horses,because of their deleterious effects on the health of these animals.Owing to improperly diagnosing the parasitic load and the resulting incorrect treatment,anthelmintics are becoming a global problem.Although rapid diagnostic techniques such as McMaster and FECPAK^(G2) are available in Africa,concentration techniques,including flotation and sedimentation,are commonly used in screening for gastrointestinal parasites.In this study,we compared the sensitivity of diagnostic techniques,namely,McMaster and FECPAK^(G2),in quantifying and determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites as an alternative to the commonly used flotation and sedimentation techniques for equine fecal samples in Jos,Plateau State,Nigeria.Three hundred fecal samples were collected from different locations.The instructions provided by the manufacturers of FECPAK^(G2) and McMasters were used as the methodology for egg count per gram of fecal matter,while parasite egg/ova identification was performed through sedimentation and flotation techniques.In general,a prevalence of 66.3%was recorded,with a higher prevalence on Babale ranch(84%)than on Jos Polo Club(62%)and Jos mounted troop(53%).A total of nine gastrointestinal parasites were identified via both sedimentation and flotation techniques:Strongylus spp.(19.3%)was the most prevalent parasite identified via the flotation method,whereas Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus(25.3%)was the most prevalent parasite identified via the sedimentation technique.In general,FECPAK^(G2) had a sensitivity of 86%,whereas McMaster had a sensitivity of 64%in terms of egg counts per gram of fecal sample.This finding suggests that equines in Jos are highly infected with a variety of gastrointestinal parasites to varying degrees,with Strongylus spp.and Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus being more prevalent.Although the parasite load was found to range from low to moderate levels,the majority of the equine samples contained<200 eggs per gram,suggesting a low infection rate via both the McMaster technique and the FECPAK^(G2) technique.On the basis of these findings,FECPAK^(G2) is recommended for rapid diagnosis because of its prompt outcome and infestation rate as well as ease of routine examination.Additionally,routine examination should be carried out to determine infestation by gastrointestinal parasites in all equine holdings and the effectiveness of the therapeutic agents used.
文摘Treprostinil is a relatively new tricyclic prostacyclin analog with a stable str-ucture,extended half-life and improved potency.Currently,treprostinil is indicated by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension(group 1 in the pulmonary hy-pertension classification of the World Health Organization).It has a potent vasodilating effect along with the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the attenuation of the inflammatory response in pulmonary and systemic circulation.It is available in the following formulations:Subcutaneous,intravenous,inhaled and oral.Although unknown to many clinicians,several encouraging reports of off-label treprostinil use in the adult population suggest its potential effectiveness in other clinical conditions.Currently under investigation are digital ischemia secondary to systemic sclerosis,chronic limb ischemia,hepatic ischemia-reper-fusion injury and group 3 and 4 pulmonary hypertension.Based on review and analysis of the available literature,this article provides a thorough update on the off-label use of treprostinil in adult patients.
基金financially supported by the National Science Centre of Poland(NCN)under SHENG I research grant(UMO-2018/30/Q/ST5/00634)supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant62361136586)
文摘In a view of viral infections emerging and reemerging worldwide,a development of unconventional virus disinfection methods is of great importance.Light in the deep ultraviolet range(UVC)is widely used for germs disinfection,which is mostly associated with a photoinduced damage of nucleic acids.Praseodymium(Ⅲ)-doped silicate materials emitting upconversion(UC)luminescence in UVC range under visible(VIS)excitation have been recently reported,revealing antiviral and antibacterial activities.In this work,we report synthesis of a series of Pr^(3+)-doped fluoride(NaYF_(4)and LiYF_(4))nanoparticles(NPs)and microcrystals(MCs)using wet chemistry techniques.The synthesized NPs and MCs are different in size,internal structure,doping composition and manifest UC photoluminescence(PL)in UVC range(at~255-275nm)under VIS excitation.Based on the results of PL spectroscopy and the essay on UVC UC PL-induced DNA degradation,the most promising LiYF_(4)and NaYF_(4)NPs and MCs were selected and their antiviral efficacy was evaluated toward two types of human viruses:(Ⅰ)theenveloped virus—herpes simplex virus,HSV-1,and(Ⅱ)the naked virus—adenovirus type 5,HAdV-C5.The experiments on photoactivated disinfection revealed a great potential of Pr^(3+)-doped fluoride NPs and MCs for inactivation of human viruses.Under laser exposure,all tested materials showed a high virucidal efficacy,especially against HAdV-C5 adenovirus:the adenovirus inactivation capacity by the NPs and MCs was shown to be up to≥99.99%.The presented proof-of-concept studies open new perspectives for nano-and micro-sized fluoride materials,paving the way to the design and development of light-activated self-disinfecting surfaces and fabrics with sterilizing properties.
文摘This study developed an animal model with internal and external urethral sphincter insufficiency by bypassing the sphincter without major damage so that the animal under study can return to normal life after the study.There is a need for a reliable,applicable,and reproducible animal model for studying urinary incontinency disease due to incorrect sphincter function.Seven adult male dogs were used for this study.The urethral sphincter was bypassed by inserting a catheter between the bladder neck and the distal sphincter.The animals'physical condition was closely monitored for 9 weeks,and standard urodynamic and radiologic studies were performed before and 1–2 months after surgery.The animals were killed at 9 weeks after surgery for pathological assessment.Catheter placement caused complete incontinence in the animal,with urodynamic assessments indicating that the animal was unable to control urination and radiological assessments indicating an empty bladder with a residual volume of 50±10 cc.Tissue analysis did not show significant histological damage and inflammation.The study shows that by bypassing the urethral sphincter,which is a reliable and reproducible method,an animal model of urinary incontinence can be developed,which can be used in various studies such as assessing the adequacy of artificial sphincter function.The animals under study did not have any permanent defect,so they were able to return to their normal life.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1000100)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722615)。
文摘Local cattle breeds play a critical role in breeding programs due to their genetic adaptations to diverse environmental conditions.However,the genomic architecture of local cattle breeds in Kazakhstan remains largely unexplored.This study utilized whole-genome sequencing data from Kazakh cattle to elucidate their genetic composition,uncovering three primary ancestral components:European,Eurasian,and East Asian taurine.The East Asian taurine lineage likely represents the earliest genetic contribution to Kazakh cattle but was largely replaced by subsequent waves of cattle migrations across Eurasia,leaving only a minor genetic signature in the current cattle population.In contrast,Eurasian taurine ancestry predominated in the Alatau and Kazakh local breeds,while the European taurine component was most prevalent in Kazakh white-headed cattle,consistent with their documented breeding history.Kazakh cattle exhibited higher genetic diversity and lower inbreeding coefficients compared to European commercial breeds,reflecting reduced exposure to intense artificial selection.A strong selection signal was identified on chromosome 6 at a locus encompassing PDGFRA,KIT,and KDR,which may be associated with the white-headed pigmentation characteristic of Kazakh white-headed cattle.Additional genes under selection were linked to lipid metabolism(IRS1,PRKG1,and ADCY8),meat production traits(KCNMA1,PDGFRA,HIF1A,and ANTXR1),and dairy production(ATP2B1,DHX15,FUK,NEGR1,CCDC91,COG4,and PTK2B).This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of nuclear genome data from local Kazakh cattle.It highlights the impact of historical cattle migrations across Eurasia on their genetic landscape and identifies key genomic regions under selection.These findings advance our understanding of the evolutionary history of cattle and offer valuable genetic resources for future breeding strategies.
文摘There are limited biosecurity measures directed at preventing airborne transmission of viruses in swine.The effectiveness of dust mitigation strategies such as oil sprinkling,to decrease risk of airborne virus transmission are unknown.Metagenomics and qPCR for common fecal viruses were used to hunt for a ubiquitous virus to serve as a proxy when evaluating the efficiency of mitigation strategies against airborne viral infectious agents.Air particles were collected from swine buildings using high-volume air samplers.Extracted DNA and RNA were used to perform specific RT-qPCR and qPCR and analyzed by highthroughput sequencing.Porcine astroviruses group 2 were common(from 102 to 105 genomic copies per cubic meter of air or gc/m^(3),93%positivity)while no norovirus genogroup II was recovered from air samples.Porcine torque teno sus virus were detected by qPCR in low concentrations(from 101 to 102 gc/m^(3),47%positivity).Among the identified viral families by metagenomics analysis,Herelleviridae,Microviridae,Myoviridae,Podoviridae,and Siphoviridae were dominant.The phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus was present in all air samples and a newly designed qPCR revealed between 101 and 105 gc/m^(3) among the samples taken for the present study(97%positivity)and banked samples from5-and 15-year old studies(89%positivity).According to the present study,both the porcine astrovirus group 2 and the phage vB_AviM_AVP of Aerococcus could be proxy for airborne viruses of swine buildings.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI,grant number 18K16377(KN).
文摘Background:Neoadjuvant/preoperative therapy(NAT)involves the administration of chemotherapy,with or without radiation,prior to surgical resection.This approach is commonly used for locally advanced tumors to reduce tumor volume,improve resectability,and minimize the need for extensive surgical procedures.While NAT has been shown to be effective in inducing local anti-tumor immunity in potentially resectable solid tumors,the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood.Methods:Cohort samples from pancreatic cancer patients who underwent NAT(n=26)and those who did not(n=20)were analyzed.Changes in the immune microenvironment induced by NAT were assessed using stratified bioinformatic approaches,including heatmap analysis of immunerelated genes selected via Gene Ontology,Gene Set Enrichment Analysis(GSEA)with the immunologic signature database,and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA).Findings were further validated through immunohistochemical analysis.Results:A comprehensive,stratified evaluation integrating pathological and bioinformatic approaches revealed that NAT induced the upregulation of 212 genes,including DC-SIGN(CD209),and activated 13 immuneassociated pathways,such as T-cell receptor(TCR)signaling.Additionally,NAT promoted an increased shift toward CD8(+)T-cell populations through the upregulation of MAL(T-cell differentiation protein).Immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed a significant accumulation of DC-SIGN(+)dendritic cells and MAL(+)lymphocytes in NAT-treated patients.Conclusions:NAT enhances anti-tumor immunity by promoting CD8(+)T-cell generation through the activation of DC-SIGN(+)dendritic cells and MAL(+)lymphocytes.This study is the first to report an increase in MAL(+)lymphocytes following NAT.Given its potential significance,further investigation in other solid tumors treated with NAT is warranted.
基金funding provided by The Science,Technology&Innovation Funding Authority(STDF)in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is an inflammatory condition of the intestine,resulting from an increase in oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators.In this study,the extract of endophytic bacterium Rhizobium aegyptiacum was prepared for the first time using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS).In addition,also for the first time,the protective potential of R.aegyptiacum was revealed using an in vivo rat model of UC.The animals were grouped into four categories:normal control(groupⅠ),R.aegyptiacum(groupⅡ),acetic acid(AA)-induced UC(groupⅢ),and R.aegyptiacum-treated AA-induced UC(groupⅣ).In groupⅣ,R.aegyptiacum was administered at 0.2 mg/kg daily for one week before and two weeks after the induction of UC.After sacrificing the rats on the last day of the experiment,colon tissues were collected and subjected to histological,immunohistochemical,and biochemical investigations.There was a remarkable improvement in the histological findings of the colon tissues in groupⅣ,as revealed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E)staining,Masson's trichrome staining,and periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)staining.Normal mucosal surfaces covered with a straight,intact,and thin brush border were revealed.Goblet cells appeared magenta in color,and there was a significant decrease in the distribution of collagen fibers in the mucosa and submucosal connective tissues.All these findings were comparable to the respective characteristics of the control group.Regarding cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)immunostaining,a weak immune reaction was shown in most cells.Moreover,the colon tissues were examined using a scanning electron microscope,which confirmed the results of histological assessment.A regular polygonal unit pattern was seen with crypt orifices of different sizes and numerous goblet cells.Furthermore,the levels of catalase(CAT),myeloperoxidase(MPO),nitric oxide(NO),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interlukin-1β(IL-1β)were determined in the colonic tissues of the different groups using colorimetric assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).In comparison with groupⅢ,groupⅣexhibited a significant rise(P<0.05)in the CAT level but a substantial decline(P<0.05)in the NO,MPO,and inflammatory cytokine(IL-6 and IL-1β)levels.Based on reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),the tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)gene expression was upregulated in groupⅢ,which was significantly downregulated(P<0.05)by treatment with R.aegyptiacum in groupⅣ.On the contrary,the heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)gene was substantially upregulated in groupⅣ.Our findings imply that the oral consumption of R.aegyptiacum ameliorates AA-induced UC in rats by restoring and reestablishing the mucosal integrity,in addition to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.Accordingly,R.aegyptiacum is potentially effective and beneficial in human UC therapy,which needs to be further investigated in future work.
文摘A reliable estimation of Candida bloodstream infection prevalence is increasingly important to track changes in Candida species distribution and define burden of ongoing candidemia.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate candidemia prevalence and identify patterns of Candida species in South-eastern Asia.Systematic electronic-databases literature search was performed on published studies recorded candidemia prevalence in South-Eastern Asia.Using meta-analysis of proportions,the overall pooled prevalences of candidemia by Candida(C.)albicans,C.tropicalis,C.parapsilosis and C.glabrata were calculated as 28.4%(95%CI 24.9-31.8),29.2%(95%CI 24.7-33.7),19.1%(95%CI 14.8-23.4)and 14.0%(95%CI 10.4-17.5),respectively.Based on publication year and country,subgroup analyses were conducted on Candida species to determine heterogeneity source.The findings may not precisely reflect true candidemia prevalence in different countries.Therefore,it highlights continuous need to conduct prevalence studies,assess and monitor growing burden,control effect of potential risk factors and implement regional surveillance programs to prevent further rise.
文摘BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction(MI)is a significant global cause of chronic heart failure.In post-ischemic cardiac hypertrophy,multiple molecular targets and signals within the cardiac tissue are evident.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-EXO)and exercise(EXE)showed promise in enhancing post-ischemic cardiac repair.AIM To investigate how the exosomes released by stem cells and/or EXE can promote cardiac repair and improve isoproterenol(ISO)-induced post-ischemic hypertrophy.METHODS The enrolled animals were divided into 8 control rats and 32 experimental rats.Induction of MI was performed using ISO.Then,the experimental rats were divided into 4 groups:Rats subjected to 4 weeks of swimming EXE,rats treated with exosomes,and the combined treatment.Additionally,functional and interactional exploration of targeted proteins was conducted using Gene Ontology,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,and STRING database,along with histological examination.RESULTS Both MSC-EXO or EXE significantly improved ISO induced elevation of cardiac enzymes,oxidative stress,and inflammatory markers,as well as the degenerative changes of the cardiac muscles,fibrosis,and apoptosis.Meanwhile,the combined treatment of EXE and MSC-EXO resulted in a significant improvement in cardiac function and structure as compared to all groups that synchronized with dual inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(P<0.01)signaling and modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase type 2a,with significant improved angiogenesis.CONCLUSION Functional and structural cardiac improvements are accompanied by reduced inflammation,oxidative stress,and apoptosis.Both MSC-EXO and EXE exert cardio-protection by upregulating sarcoplasmic endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase,the critical pump for normal calcium handling.
文摘The development of cancer cell resistance to conventional treatments continues to be a major obstacle in the successful treatment of tumors of many types.The discovery of a highly efficient direct and indirect free radical scavenger,melatonin,in the mitochondrial matrix may be a factor in determining both the occurrence of cancer cell drug insensitivity as well as radioresistance.This relates to two of the known hallmarks of cancer,i.e.,exaggerated free radical generation in the mitochondria and the development ofWarburg type metabolism(glycolysis).The hypothesis elaborated in this report assumes that the high oxidative environment in the mitochondria contributes to a depression of local melatonin levels because of its overuse in neutralizing the massive amount of free radial produced.Moreover,Warburg typemetabolism and chemoresistance are functionally linked and supplementalmelatonin has been shown to reverse glycolysis and convert glucose processing to the type that occurs in normal cells.Since thismetabolic type is a key factor in determining chemoresistance,melatonin would predictably also negate cancer drug insensitivity.The possible mechanisms by which melatonin may interfere either directly or indirectly with drug resistance are summarized in the current review.
基金Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities,Spain(NextGeneration EU fundsMaría Zambrano Program 124/MTAI/22+2 种基金and PID2020-113320RB-I00)Agency for Management of University and Research Grants,Regional Government of Catalonia,Spain(2021-SGR-00900)Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA).
文摘Background Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry,as it allows for disassociating the localiza-tion of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination.While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity,whether the damage induced consists of single-(SSB)or double-strand breaks(DSB)has not been determined.In addition,no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions,or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines.The main aim of the present work,therefore,was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.Results The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay,and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(PFGE).Before cryopreservation,the incidence of SSB was 10.99%±4.62%and involved 20.56%±3.04%of sperm cells,whereas these figures significantly(P<0.0001)increased up to 34.11%±3.48%and 53.36%±11.00%in frozen-thawed sperm.In contrast,no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed(P>0.990)before and after cryopreservation(before:incidence of 13.91%±1.75%of sperm DNA affecting 56.04%±12.49%of sperm cells;after:incidence of 13.55%±1.55%of sperm DNA involving 53.36%±11.00%of sperm cells).Moreover,PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid(<31.5 kb)was greater(P<0.0001)after(27.00%±4.26%)than before freeze-thawing(15.57%±4.53%).These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines,which are structured in toroids.On the other hand,in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm(P=0.032 and P=0.005),but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks(P>0.05).Conclusion Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks,which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions.The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cat-tle fertility,regardless of the size of generated fragments.
文摘Background:Epidemiological studies have confirmed that longer exposure to insecticides like cypermethrin(CYP)significantly increases the risk of male reproductive toxicity.Crocus sativus L.has been recognized due to its therapeutic properties,but its exact role and molecular mechanisms in treatment of reproductive dysfunction remain unclear.Methods:During this study,36 rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=6):control,CYP-induced(60 mg/kg),standard(leuprolide 3 mg/kg)and three treatment groups receiving aqueous,ethanolic,and oil extracts(50 mg/kg or 20 mL/kg)for post-toxicity induction.Results:The finding represented that exposure of CYP significantly increased oxidative stress,disrupted testicular architecture,and markedly reduced testosterone levels(P<0.05).Importantly,Crocus sativus L.treatment alleviated these changes by increasing the expression of Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2),restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes,and enhancing testicular histomorphology.Surprisingly,molecular docking established a high binding affinity of Crocus sativus L.phytoconstituents such as gallic acid,cinnamic acid and quercetin to the Nrf2-Keap1 complex.It is worth noting that,Crocus sativus L.exhibited a high level of protection against reproductive toxicity caused by CYP in male rats,which was mediated by the activation of Nrf2 pathway,reduction of oxidative damage,and favorable ADMET characteristics.Conclusion:Notably,this research provides a more valid,safe,and effective method of developing new drugs for reproductive disorders,however,further investigation is needed to support the research findings and implement it in clinical practice.
基金Financial support from ERDF “Multidisciplinary research to increase application potential of nanomaterials in agricultural practice” (No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314)the assistance provided by the Research Infrastructure Nano Envi Cz, supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Project No. LM2018124+4 种基金Czech Nano Lab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2023051)Grant Agency of Gregor Johann Mendel (C-MNG-23–002)further supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic by Grant RO0523Internal Grant Agency of University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (223/2024/FVHE)the National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology project (Programme EXCELES, Project ID No. LX22NPO5103)-Funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU.
文摘Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses.Therefore,it is impor-tant to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains.In this study,novel selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles(SeTeNPs)were synthesized and characterized.Their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a bovine model.A total of 10 heifers were divided into experimental and control groups(5 animals each).After intramammary infection with methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and the development of clinical signs of mastitis,a dose of SeTeNPs was administered to all quarters in the experimental group.Results Based on in vitro tests,the concentration of 149.70 mg/L and 263.95 mg/L of Se and Te,respectively,was used for application into the mammary gland.Three days after SeTeNPs administration,MRSA counts in the experimental group showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control group.The inhibitory effect observed within the in vitro experiments was thus confirmed,resulting in the suppression of infection in ani-mals.Moreover,the superior biocompatibility of SeTeNPs in the organism was demonstrated,as the nanoparticles did not significantly alter the inflammatory response or histopathology at the site of application,i.e.,mammary gland,compared to the control group(P>0.05).Additionally,the metabolic profile of the blood plasma as well as the histology of the main organs remained unaffected,indicating that the nanoparticles had no adverse effects on the organism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that SeTeNPs can be used as a promising treatment for bovine mastitis in the pres-ence of resistant bacteria.However,the current study is limited by its small sample size,making it primarily a proof of the concept for the efficacy of intramammary-applied SeTeNPs.Therefore,further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these results.
