The handle of silk fabrics and the feel having silk blouses on were studied by comparingwith those of polyester Shin-gosen fabrics and blouses. The subjective evaluation was carried bythe SD method. Factor analyses we...The handle of silk fabrics and the feel having silk blouses on were studied by comparingwith those of polyester Shin-gosen fabrics and blouses. The subjective evaluation was carried bythe SD method. Factor analyses were processed to study the good feel with skin andcomfortableness on weaning.Generally the handle of silk and Sin-gosen fabrics was evaluatedbo be soft,pliable,smooth,slippery,thin and light,conclusively to give a good touch with handReferring to blouses,it was evaluated to be easy in motion, and nice in touch with skin and com-fortable upon weaning.Based on the result of thefactor analyses,it can be said that a blouse ingood touch with skin is pliable,soft,smooth,slippery,and easy to move. In addition,it has beenknown that "comfortableness" of a blouse upon weaning is largely influenced by the touch withskin. Further, the touch with skin was defined by the factors of softness, pliability, and smooth-ness on surface,and the factors of thickness, coolness and weight.展开更多
To clarify the role of waterfront vegetation of floodplains for adult aquatic insects, Trichoptera and Diptera (Tipulidae and Chironomidae), in the middle reaches of the Chikuma River from May to July, an investigatio...To clarify the role of waterfront vegetation of floodplains for adult aquatic insects, Trichoptera and Diptera (Tipulidae and Chironomidae), in the middle reaches of the Chikuma River from May to July, an investigation of the number of these insects was conducted by trapping in each type of vegetation using board traps.A total of 2608.5 adults/m 2 were collected, and we identified a total of 26 species belonging to three taxa,i.e., seven species of Trichoptera, four species of Tipulidae and 15 species of Chironomidae. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis in Trichoptera (95.7%). There was a significant difference between the number of P.acutipennis in the all vegetation area (especially, Salix subfragilis) and the control area (no vegetation) during the investigation periods (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Other taxa did not show a significant difference between the all vegetation area and the control. Moreover, the numbers of adult P. acutipennis showed a significant difference in height on each vegetation. In the case of Vicia villosa varia and V. villosa varia plus dead Phragmites australis, the highest number was caught in the traps set in the boundary between one plant and the plant above (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test) in May.On the other hand, in the case of almost all vegetation during the investigation periods (except of S.subfragilis in May, Melilotus officinalis plus dead P.australis in June), the highest number was caught in the traps set up within the vegetation (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test).As a result, a significant difference was observed in the number of trapped P.acutipennis according to the vegetation and its height.It is suggested that the existence of multiple types of vegetation in the floodplain plays an important role for maintaining the diversity of the fauna there.展开更多
An algorithm is presented for computationally simulating collars and drafting patterns. The collar shape was modeled by three-dimensional Bezier patch. Changing the position of consol points of the patch can interacti...An algorithm is presented for computationally simulating collars and drafting patterns. The collar shape was modeled by three-dimensional Bezier patch. Changing the position of consol points of the patch can interactively control the collar shape. Using triangular surface developing method, patterns of various styles of stand collar and separating collar were drafted. As the subsystem of 3D apparel design system, an interactive collar design system is constructed. To inspect the practical usage, we reproduced the collars using these patterns drafted by the interactive collar design system.Comparing with simulated collars, the system demonstrated well and we found it is more reliable and accurate than the method of handwork.展开更多
The spider dragline silk has excellent mechanical properties. The stress- strain curves of dragline silk fibers have intraspecific and intraindividual variability because of the spider’s active control during spinnin...The spider dragline silk has excellent mechanical properties. The stress- strain curves of dragline silk fibers have intraspecific and intraindividual variability because of the spider’s active control during spinning process. To investigate the relationship between the morphology of dragline silk fibers and spinning conditions, four samples were made at the reeling rates of 1 mm/s, 20 mm/s, 43.5 mm/s and 110 mm/s from the major ampullate glands of Araneus Ventricosus and the other two of dragline silks were prepared from a crawling or dropping spider. The surface microstructure and nanofibril characteristic were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of 2 000 nm *2 000 nm and 500 nm*500 nm of these samples showed that the spinning condition influenced the surface roughness and fibril size, while AFM images of 200 nm*200 nm clearly displayed that dragline silk of Araneus Ventricosus included sheet macro-conformation structure. These results can facilitate the further investigation of the spinning mechanism of a spider in order to understand mechanical properties and macromolecular structures of dragline silk.展开更多
To well understand the effect of garment pressure on skin blood flow(SBF) at lower limb,external pressures of various magnitudes were exerted on lower limb in supine or sitting postures respectively using sphygmomanom...To well understand the effect of garment pressure on skin blood flow(SBF) at lower limb,external pressures of various magnitudes were exerted on lower limb in supine or sitting postures respectively using sphygmomanometer.Five male subjects volunteered to participate in this study.An alternating pressure loading protocol between non-pressure and pressure was employed.The SBF was observed by laser flowmeter.No matter the subjects being sitting or supine,SBF obviously increased under low pressure;as the pressure increasing,it turned to decrease.Moreover,while lying supine,SBF turned to decrease under lower pressure than sitting;SBF at calf turned to decrease under lower pressure than at ankle.It was also confirmed that the increment of SBF was obviously higher when the pressure of the same magnitudes was exerted at ankle than at calf.The pressure around 5.32 kPa was confirmed to be a crucial value to SBF.The findings will be helpful in design and application of tight-fit garments.展开更多
The interest in CO_(2)conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels has increased in recent years as part of strategic eff orts to mitigate and use the excessive CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere.Much attention ha...The interest in CO_(2)conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels has increased in recent years as part of strategic eff orts to mitigate and use the excessive CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere.Much attention has been given to developing two-dimensional catalytic materials with high-effi ciency CO_(2)adsorption capability and conversion yield.While several candidates are being investigated,MXenes stand out as one of the most promising catalysts and co-catalysts for CO_(2)reduction,given their excellent surface functionalities,unique layered structures,high surface areas,rich active sites,and high chemical sta-bility.This review aims to highlight research progress and recent developments in the application of MXene-based catalysts for CO_(2)conversion to value-added chemicals,paying special attention to photoreduction and electroreduction.Furthermore,the underlying photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion mechanisms are discussed.Finally,we provide an outlook for future research in this fi eld,including photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have attracted attention owing to their ability to harvest energy from the surrounding environment without maintenance.Herein,polyetherimide-Al_(2)O_(3)(PAl)and polyvinylide...Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have attracted attention owing to their ability to harvest energy from the surrounding environment without maintenance.Herein,polyetherimide-Al_(2)O_(3)(PAl)and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP,PH)nanofiber membranes were used as tribo-positive and tribo-negative materials,respectively.Phytic acid-doped polyaniline(PANI)/cotton fabric(PPCF)and ethylenediamine(EDA)-crosslinked PAl(EPAl)nanofiber membranes were used as triboelectrode and triboencapsulation materials,respectively.The result showed that when the PAl-PH-based TENG was shaped as a circle with a radius of 1 cm,under the pressure of 50 N,and the frequency of 0.5 Hz,the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))and short-circuit current(I_(sc))reached the highest value of 66.6 V and-93.4 to 110.1 nA,respectively.Moreover,the PH-based TENG could be used as a fabric sensor to detect fabric composition and as a sensor-inductive switch for light bulbs or beeping warning devices.When the PAl-PH-based TENG was shaped as a 5×5 cm^(2)rectangle,a 33 pF capacitor could be charged to 15 V in 28 s.Interestingly,compared to PAl nanofiber membranes,EPAl nanofiber membranes exhibited good dyeing properties and excellent solvent resistance.The PPCF exhibited<5%resistance change after washing,bending,and stretching.展开更多
Cuprammonium fabrics are susceptible to punctuation of the sewing needle during the manufacturing processes of a garment.This type of punctuation splits the yarns in the fabrics,creates ladder-like sewing defects,and ...Cuprammonium fabrics are susceptible to punctuation of the sewing needle during the manufacturing processes of a garment.This type of punctuation splits the yarns in the fabrics,creates ladder-like sewing defects,and seriously affects the aesthetics of the finished garment.To minimize this seam damage,a sandwiched structure of cuprammonium fabrics with a fusible interlining was proposed to enhance the friction between the yarns in the fabrics.A measurement system was set up to evaluate the seam damage,and the effects of stitch length and seam width on the seam damage were studied.The seam damage tended to become less severe as the stitch length increased.The addition of the fusible interlining between two pieces of the fabrics could effectively suppress the seam damage.The seam margin should be below or equal to 5 mm for the stitch length of 2.0 mm.An excessive seam margin might lead to a distorted seam.展开更多
In recent years, researchers have been actively pursuing research into developing robots that can be useful in many fields of industry （e.g., service, medical, and aging care）. Such robots must be safe and flexible ...In recent years, researchers have been actively pursuing research into developing robots that can be useful in many fields of industry （e.g., service, medical, and aging care）. Such robots must be safe and flexible so that they can coexist with people. Pneumatic actuators are useful for achieving this goal because they are lightweight units with natural compliance. Our research focuses on joint angle control for a pneumatically driven musculoskeletal model. In such a model, we use a one-degree-of-freedom joint model and a five-fingered robot hand as test beds. These models are driven by low pressure-driven pneumatic actuators, and mimic the mechanism of the human hand and musculoskeletal structure, which has an antagonistic muscle pair for each joint. We demonstrated a biologically inspired control method using the parameters antagonistic muscle ratio and antagonistic muscle activity. The concept of the method is based on coordination of an antagonistic muscle pair using these parameters. We have investigated the validity of the proposed method both theoretically and experimentally, developed a feedback control system, and conducted joint angle control by implementing the test beds.展开更多
The interface between the active electronic and its osculatory target dominates the sensing response of high-sensitivity sensors.However,the interface properties are difficult to be adjusted and preserved owing to the...The interface between the active electronic and its osculatory target dominates the sensing response of high-sensitivity sensors.However,the interface properties are difficult to be adjusted and preserved owing to the limited strategies for surface engineering.In this work,inspired by nature frond leaf,a spatial multi-level nanofibrous membrane with grid-like microstructure of uniform distribution was fabricated,in which carboxylated carbon nanotubes(CCNTs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was modified onto the surface of grid-like polyurethane(PU)nanofiber via the combination of metal mesh template,in situ polymerization and ultrasonic treatment.Nanofibrous membrane enables a pressure sensor with high sensitivities(5.13 kPa−1),fast response/recovery time(80 ms and 120 ms),and ultralow detection limit of 1 Pa.In addition,as a scalable and integrable platform,we also demonstrate its multifunctional applications for electro-thermal conversion and energy harvesting.All these results indicate the proposed nanofibrous membrane may potentially be applied to next-generation wearable devices.展开更多
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is inactive to electric fields, but when combined with ferroelectric cyanoethyl sucrose (CR-U), it becomes an electrically active actuator material. The PDMS/CR-U composites were prepared b...Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is inactive to electric fields, but when combined with ferroelectric cyanoethyl sucrose (CR-U), it becomes an electrically active actuator material. The PDMS/CR-U composites were prepared by casting method using tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone (ACT) as solvents. The effect of a mixed solvent composition was investigated. The viscosity of the PDMS/CR-U/solvent solution decreased as the THF composition increased. The composite film obtained by evaporation of the solvent and cross-linkage of PDMS showed a phase-separated structure. Spherical CR-U dispersed in the PDMS matrix with a skin layer on one surface side. Electrical resistance, dielectric constant, space-charge distribution, and electrically induced bending deformation behavior were investigated for these composite films. The composite films prepared from a THF-rich solvent exhibited lower surface resistivity than those prepared from a THF-poor solvent. Applying an electric field to the composite film resulted in an asymmetric space-charge distribution with charge accumulation in the skin layer. THF content decreased the viscosity of the solution, meaning the decrease of the apparent size of PDMS chain aggregates. It allows the dispersion of CR-U in the PDMS matrix and also results in the decline of resistivity, the increase of permittivity, and the increase of charge injection. The results explained the structure formation of the composite film and the electric field response as an actuator. A casting solvent of THF content of 87.5 wt% or more is essential for the function of the PDMS/CR-U composite.展开更多
Statistical learning and recognition methods were used to extract the characteristics of size series measurements of cocoon filaments that are non-stationary in terms of mean and auto-covariance,by using the time vary...Statistical learning and recognition methods were used to extract the characteristics of size series measurements of cocoon filaments that are non-stationary in terms of mean and auto-covariance,by using the time varying parameter auto-regressive(TVPAR)model.After the system was taught to recognize the size data,the system correctly recognized the size of series of cocoon filaments as much as 96.95%of the time for a single series and 98.72%of the time for the mean of two series.The correct recognition rate was higher after suitable filtering.The theory and method can be used to analyze other types of non-stationary finite length time series.展开更多
Cellular immunity is a very important part of insect innate immunity. It is not clear if hemocytes entering the hemolymph require a maturation process to become competent. The establishment of a tissue culture system ...Cellular immunity is a very important part of insect innate immunity. It is not clear if hemocytes entering the hemolymph require a maturation process to become competent. The establishment of a tissue culture system for the insect hematopoietic organs would enable physiological function assays with hemocytes newly emerged from hematopoietic organs. To this end, we established a hematopoietic organ culture system for the purebred silkworm pnd pS and then studied the physiological functions of the newly emerged hemocytes. We found that Grace＇s medium supplemented with 10% heated silkworm larval plasma was better for culturing the hematopoietic organs ofpndpS. Newly emerged hemocytes phagocytosed propidium iodide-labeled bacteria and encapsulated the Iml-2 coated nickel beads as well as pupal tissue debris. This culture system is therefore capable of generating physiologically functional hemocytes. These hemocytes can be used to study the mechanisms of the hemocyte immune response among others.展开更多
Fibers and textiles that harvest mechanical energy via the triboelectric effect are promising candidates as power supplies for wearable electronics.However,triboelectric fibers and textiles are often hindered by probl...Fibers and textiles that harvest mechanical energy via the triboelectric effect are promising candidates as power supplies for wearable electronics.However,triboelectric fibers and textiles are often hindered by problems such as complex fabrication processes,limited length,performances below the state-of-the-art of 2D planar configurations,etc.Here,we demonstrated a scalable fabrication of core-sheath-structured elastomer triboelectric fibers that combine silicone hollow tubes with gelelectrodes.Gel-electrodes were fabricated via a facile freeze–thawing process of blending polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),gelatin,glycerin,poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),and sodium chloride(NaCl).Such fibers can also be knitted into deformable triboelectric nanogenerator textiles with high electrical outputs up to 106 V and 0.8μA,which could work as reliable power supplies for small electronics.Moreover,we demonstrated fabric materials recognition,Morse code communication,and human-motion-recognition capabilities,making such triboelectric fiber platform an exciting avenue for multifunctional wearable systems and human–machine interaction.展开更多
1 Results Owing to its electrochemical stability, catalytic activity and high electrical conductivity, ruthenium-based oxides have been realized in electrochemistry as excellent electrode materials with applications r...1 Results Owing to its electrochemical stability, catalytic activity and high electrical conductivity, ruthenium-based oxides have been realized in electrochemistry as excellent electrode materials with applications ranging from electrocatalysts for industrial electrolysis to high power energy storage. Recent studies have suggested that RuOx may have an active role in electrocatalysts for fuel cells.We have been engaged in the fundamental and practical study of nanostructured RuO2-based electrodes[1-5]....展开更多
Owing to the robust scalability,ease of control and substantial industrial applications,the utilization of electrospinning technology to produce piezoelectric nanofiber materials demonstrates a significant potential i...Owing to the robust scalability,ease of control and substantial industrial applications,the utilization of electrospinning technology to produce piezoelectric nanofiber materials demonstrates a significant potential in the development of wearable products including flexible wearable sensors.However,it is unfortunate that the attainment of high-performance piezoelec-tric materials through this method remains a challenging task.Herein,a high-performance composite nanofiber membrane with a coherent and uniformly dispersed two-dimensional network topology composed of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/dopamine(DA)nanofiber membranes and ultrafine PVDF/DA nanofibers was successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique.Based on the evidence obtained from simulations,experimental and theoretical results,it was confirmed that the unique structure of the nanofiber membrane significantly enhances the piezoelectric performance.The present PVDF/DA composite nanofibers demonstrated a remarkable piezoelectric performance such as a wide response range(1.5–40 N),high sensitivity to weak forces(0–4 N,7.29 V N^(-1)),and outstanding operational durability.Furthermore,the potential application of the present PVDF/DA membrane as a flexible wearable sensor for monitoring human motion and subtle physiological signals has also been validated.This work not only introduces a novel strategy for the application of electrospun nanofibers in sensors but also provides new insights into high-performance piezoelectric materials.展开更多
A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to t...A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to the environment.At present,the conventional membrane being used in one mode is critical for a variety of scenarios in real life,which suffers from a trade-off effect,short service life,being difficult to recycle after damage.Herein,we report a trimode purification membrane composed of an eco-friendly polycaprolactone(PCL)substrate and functional graphene dioxide/polyaniline(GO/PANI)particles.Due to the photothermal transfer and photocatalytic properties of GO/PANI blend,the composite membrane can absorb 97.44%solar energy to handle natural seawater or mixed wastewater,which achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in solar-driven evaporation mode.For the photocatalytic adsorption-degradation mode,93.22%of organic dyes can be adsorbed and degraded after 12 h irradiation under 1 kW m^(-2).Moreover,electric-driven cross-flow filtration mode as a supplement also shows effective rejection over 99%for organic dyes with a high flux over 40 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1).The combination of solar-driven evaporation,photocatalytic adsorption-degradation,and electric-driven cross-flow filtration demonstrates a prospective and sustainable strategy to generating clean water from sewages.展开更多
文摘The handle of silk fabrics and the feel having silk blouses on were studied by comparingwith those of polyester Shin-gosen fabrics and blouses. The subjective evaluation was carried bythe SD method. Factor analyses were processed to study the good feel with skin andcomfortableness on weaning.Generally the handle of silk and Sin-gosen fabrics was evaluatedbo be soft,pliable,smooth,slippery,thin and light,conclusively to give a good touch with handReferring to blouses,it was evaluated to be easy in motion, and nice in touch with skin and com-fortable upon weaning.Based on the result of thefactor analyses,it can be said that a blouse ingood touch with skin is pliable,soft,smooth,slippery,and easy to move. In addition,it has beenknown that "comfortableness" of a blouse upon weaning is largely influenced by the touch withskin. Further, the touch with skin was defined by the factors of softness, pliability, and smooth-ness on surface,and the factors of thickness, coolness and weight.
基金the River Environment Fundin charge of the Foundation of River Watershed Environment Management ,Japan and Grant-in-Aid for 21st Century COE Programbythe Ministry of Education,Culture ,Sports ,Science ,and Technology.
文摘To clarify the role of waterfront vegetation of floodplains for adult aquatic insects, Trichoptera and Diptera (Tipulidae and Chironomidae), in the middle reaches of the Chikuma River from May to July, an investigation of the number of these insects was conducted by trapping in each type of vegetation using board traps.A total of 2608.5 adults/m 2 were collected, and we identified a total of 26 species belonging to three taxa,i.e., seven species of Trichoptera, four species of Tipulidae and 15 species of Chironomidae. The most abundant species was Psychomyia acutipennis in Trichoptera (95.7%). There was a significant difference between the number of P.acutipennis in the all vegetation area (especially, Salix subfragilis) and the control area (no vegetation) during the investigation periods (P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). Other taxa did not show a significant difference between the all vegetation area and the control. Moreover, the numbers of adult P. acutipennis showed a significant difference in height on each vegetation. In the case of Vicia villosa varia and V. villosa varia plus dead Phragmites australis, the highest number was caught in the traps set in the boundary between one plant and the plant above (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test) in May.On the other hand, in the case of almost all vegetation during the investigation periods (except of S.subfragilis in May, Melilotus officinalis plus dead P.australis in June), the highest number was caught in the traps set up within the vegetation (P<0.05, Steel-Dwass Test).As a result, a significant difference was observed in the number of trapped P.acutipennis according to the vegetation and its height.It is suggested that the existence of multiple types of vegetation in the floodplain plays an important role for maintaining the diversity of the fauna there.
文摘An algorithm is presented for computationally simulating collars and drafting patterns. The collar shape was modeled by three-dimensional Bezier patch. Changing the position of consol points of the patch can interactively control the collar shape. Using triangular surface developing method, patterns of various styles of stand collar and separating collar were drafted. As the subsystem of 3D apparel design system, an interactive collar design system is constructed. To inspect the practical usage, we reproduced the collars using these patterns drafted by the interactive collar design system.Comparing with simulated collars, the system demonstrated well and we found it is more reliable and accurate than the method of handwork.
基金science and technology office of Jiangsu province
文摘The spider dragline silk has excellent mechanical properties. The stress- strain curves of dragline silk fibers have intraspecific and intraindividual variability because of the spider’s active control during spinning process. To investigate the relationship between the morphology of dragline silk fibers and spinning conditions, four samples were made at the reeling rates of 1 mm/s, 20 mm/s, 43.5 mm/s and 110 mm/s from the major ampullate glands of Araneus Ventricosus and the other two of dragline silks were prepared from a crawling or dropping spider. The surface microstructure and nanofibril characteristic were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM images of 2 000 nm *2 000 nm and 500 nm*500 nm of these samples showed that the spinning condition influenced the surface roughness and fibril size, while AFM images of 200 nm*200 nm clearly displayed that dragline silk of Araneus Ventricosus included sheet macro-conformation structure. These results can facilitate the further investigation of the spinning mechanism of a spider in order to understand mechanical properties and macromolecular structures of dragline silk.
基金Research and Development of High Performance Foundation Wear,ChinaPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),China
文摘To well understand the effect of garment pressure on skin blood flow(SBF) at lower limb,external pressures of various magnitudes were exerted on lower limb in supine or sitting postures respectively using sphygmomanometer.Five male subjects volunteered to participate in this study.An alternating pressure loading protocol between non-pressure and pressure was employed.The SBF was observed by laser flowmeter.No matter the subjects being sitting or supine,SBF obviously increased under low pressure;as the pressure increasing,it turned to decrease.Moreover,while lying supine,SBF turned to decrease under lower pressure than sitting;SBF at calf turned to decrease under lower pressure than at ankle.It was also confirmed that the increment of SBF was obviously higher when the pressure of the same magnitudes was exerted at ankle than at calf.The pressure around 5.32 kPa was confirmed to be a crucial value to SBF.The findings will be helpful in design and application of tight-fit garments.
基金the internal financial support of Universitas Airlangga through Riset Mandat Muda No.399/UN3.14/PT2020support of the National Research and Innovation Agency,Republic of Indonesia+1 种基金support of the Singapore National Research Foundation(NRF-NRFF2017-04)the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(Central Research Fund Award)。
文摘The interest in CO_(2)conversion to value-added chemicals and fuels has increased in recent years as part of strategic eff orts to mitigate and use the excessive CO_(2)concentration in the atmosphere.Much attention has been given to developing two-dimensional catalytic materials with high-effi ciency CO_(2)adsorption capability and conversion yield.While several candidates are being investigated,MXenes stand out as one of the most promising catalysts and co-catalysts for CO_(2)reduction,given their excellent surface functionalities,unique layered structures,high surface areas,rich active sites,and high chemical sta-bility.This review aims to highlight research progress and recent developments in the application of MXene-based catalysts for CO_(2)conversion to value-added chemicals,paying special attention to photoreduction and electroreduction.Furthermore,the underlying photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO_(2)conversion mechanisms are discussed.Finally,we provide an outlook for future research in this fi eld,including photoelectrocatalysis and photothermal CO_(2)reduction.
基金supported by the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant numbers JP20H00288 and JP22K02136)
文摘Wearable triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)have attracted attention owing to their ability to harvest energy from the surrounding environment without maintenance.Herein,polyetherimide-Al_(2)O_(3)(PAl)and polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene(PVDF-HFP,PH)nanofiber membranes were used as tribo-positive and tribo-negative materials,respectively.Phytic acid-doped polyaniline(PANI)/cotton fabric(PPCF)and ethylenediamine(EDA)-crosslinked PAl(EPAl)nanofiber membranes were used as triboelectrode and triboencapsulation materials,respectively.The result showed that when the PAl-PH-based TENG was shaped as a circle with a radius of 1 cm,under the pressure of 50 N,and the frequency of 0.5 Hz,the open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))and short-circuit current(I_(sc))reached the highest value of 66.6 V and-93.4 to 110.1 nA,respectively.Moreover,the PH-based TENG could be used as a fabric sensor to detect fabric composition and as a sensor-inductive switch for light bulbs or beeping warning devices.When the PAl-PH-based TENG was shaped as a 5×5 cm^(2)rectangle,a 33 pF capacitor could be charged to 15 V in 28 s.Interestingly,compared to PAl nanofiber membranes,EPAl nanofiber membranes exhibited good dyeing properties and excellent solvent resistance.The PPCF exhibited<5%resistance change after washing,bending,and stretching.
基金Education and Scientific Research Foundation for Middle-Aged and Young Teachers of Fujian Province,China(No.JAT170498)。
文摘Cuprammonium fabrics are susceptible to punctuation of the sewing needle during the manufacturing processes of a garment.This type of punctuation splits the yarns in the fabrics,creates ladder-like sewing defects,and seriously affects the aesthetics of the finished garment.To minimize this seam damage,a sandwiched structure of cuprammonium fabrics with a fusible interlining was proposed to enhance the friction between the yarns in the fabrics.A measurement system was set up to evaluate the seam damage,and the effects of stitch length and seam width on the seam damage were studied.The seam damage tended to become less severe as the stitch length increased.The addition of the fusible interlining between two pieces of the fabrics could effectively suppress the seam damage.The seam margin should be below or equal to 5 mm for the stitch length of 2.0 mm.An excessive seam margin might lead to a distorted seam.
文摘In recent years, researchers have been actively pursuing research into developing robots that can be useful in many fields of industry （e.g., service, medical, and aging care）. Such robots must be safe and flexible so that they can coexist with people. Pneumatic actuators are useful for achieving this goal because they are lightweight units with natural compliance. Our research focuses on joint angle control for a pneumatically driven musculoskeletal model. In such a model, we use a one-degree-of-freedom joint model and a five-fingered robot hand as test beds. These models are driven by low pressure-driven pneumatic actuators, and mimic the mechanism of the human hand and musculoskeletal structure, which has an antagonistic muscle pair for each joint. We demonstrated a biologically inspired control method using the parameters antagonistic muscle ratio and antagonistic muscle activity. The concept of the method is based on coordination of an antagonistic muscle pair using these parameters. We have investigated the validity of the proposed method both theoretically and experimentally, developed a feedback control system, and conducted joint angle control by implementing the test beds.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grant numbers JP20H00288 and JP19K14032).
文摘The interface between the active electronic and its osculatory target dominates the sensing response of high-sensitivity sensors.However,the interface properties are difficult to be adjusted and preserved owing to the limited strategies for surface engineering.In this work,inspired by nature frond leaf,a spatial multi-level nanofibrous membrane with grid-like microstructure of uniform distribution was fabricated,in which carboxylated carbon nanotubes(CCNTs)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was modified onto the surface of grid-like polyurethane(PU)nanofiber via the combination of metal mesh template,in situ polymerization and ultrasonic treatment.Nanofibrous membrane enables a pressure sensor with high sensitivities(5.13 kPa−1),fast response/recovery time(80 ms and 120 ms),and ultralow detection limit of 1 Pa.In addition,as a scalable and integrable platform,we also demonstrate its multifunctional applications for electro-thermal conversion and energy harvesting.All these results indicate the proposed nanofibrous membrane may potentially be applied to next-generation wearable devices.
文摘Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is inactive to electric fields, but when combined with ferroelectric cyanoethyl sucrose (CR-U), it becomes an electrically active actuator material. The PDMS/CR-U composites were prepared by casting method using tetrahydrofuran (THF) and acetone (ACT) as solvents. The effect of a mixed solvent composition was investigated. The viscosity of the PDMS/CR-U/solvent solution decreased as the THF composition increased. The composite film obtained by evaporation of the solvent and cross-linkage of PDMS showed a phase-separated structure. Spherical CR-U dispersed in the PDMS matrix with a skin layer on one surface side. Electrical resistance, dielectric constant, space-charge distribution, and electrically induced bending deformation behavior were investigated for these composite films. The composite films prepared from a THF-rich solvent exhibited lower surface resistivity than those prepared from a THF-poor solvent. Applying an electric field to the composite film resulted in an asymmetric space-charge distribution with charge accumulation in the skin layer. THF content decreased the viscosity of the solution, meaning the decrease of the apparent size of PDMS chain aggregates. It allows the dispersion of CR-U in the PDMS matrix and also results in the decline of resistivity, the increase of permittivity, and the increase of charge injection. The results explained the structure formation of the composite film and the electric field response as an actuator. A casting solvent of THF content of 87.5 wt% or more is essential for the function of the PDMS/CR-U composite.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. L0313419913)
文摘Statistical learning and recognition methods were used to extract the characteristics of size series measurements of cocoon filaments that are non-stationary in terms of mean and auto-covariance,by using the time varying parameter auto-regressive(TVPAR)model.After the system was taught to recognize the size data,the system correctly recognized the size of series of cocoon filaments as much as 96.95%of the time for a single series and 98.72%of the time for the mean of two series.The correct recognition rate was higher after suitable filtering.The theory and method can be used to analyze other types of non-stationary finite length time series.
文摘Cellular immunity is a very important part of insect innate immunity. It is not clear if hemocytes entering the hemolymph require a maturation process to become competent. The establishment of a tissue culture system for the insect hematopoietic organs would enable physiological function assays with hemocytes newly emerged from hematopoietic organs. To this end, we established a hematopoietic organ culture system for the purebred silkworm pnd pS and then studied the physiological functions of the newly emerged hemocytes. We found that Grace＇s medium supplemented with 10% heated silkworm larval plasma was better for culturing the hematopoietic organs ofpndpS. Newly emerged hemocytes phagocytosed propidium iodide-labeled bacteria and encapsulated the Iml-2 coated nickel beads as well as pupal tissue debris. This culture system is therefore capable of generating physiologically functional hemocytes. These hemocytes can be used to study the mechanisms of the hemocyte immune response among others.
基金This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant number JP20H00288).
文摘Fibers and textiles that harvest mechanical energy via the triboelectric effect are promising candidates as power supplies for wearable electronics.However,triboelectric fibers and textiles are often hindered by problems such as complex fabrication processes,limited length,performances below the state-of-the-art of 2D planar configurations,etc.Here,we demonstrated a scalable fabrication of core-sheath-structured elastomer triboelectric fibers that combine silicone hollow tubes with gelelectrodes.Gel-electrodes were fabricated via a facile freeze–thawing process of blending polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),gelatin,glycerin,poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS),and sodium chloride(NaCl).Such fibers can also be knitted into deformable triboelectric nanogenerator textiles with high electrical outputs up to 106 V and 0.8μA,which could work as reliable power supplies for small electronics.Moreover,we demonstrated fabric materials recognition,Morse code communication,and human-motion-recognition capabilities,making such triboelectric fiber platform an exciting avenue for multifunctional wearable systems and human–machine interaction.
文摘1 Results Owing to its electrochemical stability, catalytic activity and high electrical conductivity, ruthenium-based oxides have been realized in electrochemistry as excellent electrode materials with applications ranging from electrocatalysts for industrial electrolysis to high power energy storage. Recent studies have suggested that RuOx may have an active role in electrocatalysts for fuel cells.We have been engaged in the fundamental and practical study of nanostructured RuO2-based electrodes[1-5]....
基金supported by JST SPRING,Grant Number JPMJSP2144(Shinshu University).
文摘Owing to the robust scalability,ease of control and substantial industrial applications,the utilization of electrospinning technology to produce piezoelectric nanofiber materials demonstrates a significant potential in the development of wearable products including flexible wearable sensors.However,it is unfortunate that the attainment of high-performance piezoelec-tric materials through this method remains a challenging task.Herein,a high-performance composite nanofiber membrane with a coherent and uniformly dispersed two-dimensional network topology composed of polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)/dopamine(DA)nanofiber membranes and ultrafine PVDF/DA nanofibers was successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique.Based on the evidence obtained from simulations,experimental and theoretical results,it was confirmed that the unique structure of the nanofiber membrane significantly enhances the piezoelectric performance.The present PVDF/DA composite nanofibers demonstrated a remarkable piezoelectric performance such as a wide response range(1.5–40 N),high sensitivity to weak forces(0–4 N,7.29 V N^(-1)),and outstanding operational durability.Furthermore,the potential application of the present PVDF/DA membrane as a flexible wearable sensor for monitoring human motion and subtle physiological signals has also been validated.This work not only introduces a novel strategy for the application of electrospun nanofibers in sensors but also provides new insights into high-performance piezoelectric materials.
基金supported by the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.JP20H00288).
文摘A separation membrane with low or clean energy costs is urgently required for energy-saving and long-term service since electric energy generated from burning non-renewable resources will gradually cause a burden to the environment.At present,the conventional membrane being used in one mode is critical for a variety of scenarios in real life,which suffers from a trade-off effect,short service life,being difficult to recycle after damage.Herein,we report a trimode purification membrane composed of an eco-friendly polycaprolactone(PCL)substrate and functional graphene dioxide/polyaniline(GO/PANI)particles.Due to the photothermal transfer and photocatalytic properties of GO/PANI blend,the composite membrane can absorb 97.44%solar energy to handle natural seawater or mixed wastewater,which achieves a high evaporation rate of 1.47 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)in solar-driven evaporation mode.For the photocatalytic adsorption-degradation mode,93.22%of organic dyes can be adsorbed and degraded after 12 h irradiation under 1 kW m^(-2).Moreover,electric-driven cross-flow filtration mode as a supplement also shows effective rejection over 99%for organic dyes with a high flux over 40 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1).The combination of solar-driven evaporation,photocatalytic adsorption-degradation,and electric-driven cross-flow filtration demonstrates a prospective and sustainable strategy to generating clean water from sewages.
