Background:It is unclear whether physical activity can benefit participants with high genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease.We examined the joint associations of intensity-specific physical activity and gen...Background:It is unclear whether physical activity can benefit participants with high genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease.We examined the joint associations of intensity-specific physical activity and genetic predisposition(based on polygenetic risk score)with incident coronary heart disease(CHD),stroke,and atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:This prospective cohort study included 303,950 adults(age=56.4±8.0 years,mean±SD;52.5%females)from the UK Biobank with physical activity and disease-related genotypes.Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)and intensity-specific activity was classified according to volume(e.g.,MVPA was classified as none,low,medium,and high).Genetic predisposition for CHD,stroke,and AF were classified as low(Quintile 1),intermediate(Quintiles 2-4),and high(Quintile 5).Results:During 11.6±2.1 years of follow-up:19,865 CHD,7907 stroke,and 16,688 AF events occurred.Compared to the no MVPA and high genetic risk group,we observed lower CHD risk for increasing levels of MVPA over and above genetic risk groupings.These associations were primarily driven by vigorous-intensity activity.For example,in the high genetic risk group,those with low vigorous-intensity activity levels(compared to none)had a hazard ratio(HR)of 0.78(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.72-0.86)compared to an HR of 0.92(95%CI:0.86-0.99)for low moderate-intensity activity levels.For stroke incidence,we observed a protective association for MVPA across genetic risk groups that was mostly driven by moderate-intensity activity volume.Among the high genetic risk group,low moderate-intensity had an HR of0.77(95%CI:0.66-0.90),whereas low vigorous-intensity had no association(HR=0.95,95%CI:0.82-1.09).We did not observe a consistent joint association of MVPA and AF genetic predisposition.Conclusion:We observed lower CHD and stroke risk for low to high MVPA among participants with high genetic predisposition.The associations of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity volume differed considerably across cardiovascular disease sub-types.Overall,our findings suggest vigorous-intensity activity may mitigate genetic predisposition for CHD while moderate intensity activity may be associated with similar effects for stroke.Joint associations were less consistent across AF genetic predisposition groups.Our results inform precision medicine approaches and future lifestyle modification interventions by quantifying the potential benefits of physical activity among at-risk individuals.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold s...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.展开更多
Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and wide...Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.展开更多
Background:As sedentary behavior is a global health issue,there is a need for methods of self-reported sitting assessment.The accuracy and reliability of these methods should also be tested in various populations and ...Background:As sedentary behavior is a global health issue,there is a need for methods of self-reported sitting assessment.The accuracy and reliability of these methods should also be tested in various populations and different cultural contexts.This study examined the validity of longterm and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese subgroups.Methods:Two cohort groups of office-based workers(58.6%female,age range 2267 years)participated:a Finnish group(FIN,n=34)and a Chinese group(CHI,n=36).Long-term(past 3-month sitting)and short-term(daily sitting assessed on 5 consecutive days)single-item measures were used to assess self-reported occupational sitting time.Values from each participant were compared to objectively measured occupational sitting time assessed via thigh-mounted accelerometers,with Spearman’s rho(r)used to assess validity and the Bland-Altman method used to evaluate agreement.Coefficients of variation depicted day-to-day variability of time spent on sitting at work.Results:In the total study sample,the results showed that both long-term and short-term recall correlated with accelerometer-derived sitting time(r=0.532,95%confidence intervals(CI):0.3360.684,p<0.001;r=0.533,95%CI:0.4490.607,p<0.001,respectively).Compared to objectively measured sitting time,self-reported occupational sitting time was 2.4%(95%CI:0.5%to 5.3%,p=0.091)and 2.2%(95%CI:0.7%3.6%,p=0.005)greater for long-term and short-term recall,respectively.The agreement level was within the range21.2%to 25.9%for long-term recall,and24.2%to 28.5%for short-term recall.During a 5-day work week,day-to-day variation of sitting time was 9.4%§11.4%according to short-term recall and 10.4%§8.4%according to accelerometry-derived occupational sitting time.Conclusion:Overall,both long-term and short-term self-reported instruments provide acceptable measures of occupational sitting time in an office-based workplace,but their utility at the individual level is limited due to large variability.展开更多
Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(2...Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6 th grade(baseline) and end of the 7 th grade(follow-up). Grade point average(GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance.Results: In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age(b = 0.144, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA(p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during followup than their continuously highly active peers(mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents(mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys.Conclusion: Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.展开更多
MicroRNAs(miRs)are small regulatory RNA transcripts capable of post-transcriptional silencing of mRNA messages by entering a cellular bimolecular apparatus called RNA-induced silencing complex.miRs are involved in the...MicroRNAs(miRs)are small regulatory RNA transcripts capable of post-transcriptional silencing of mRNA messages by entering a cellular bimolecular apparatus called RNA-induced silencing complex.miRs are involved in the regulation of cellular processes producing,eliminating or repairing the damage caused by reactive oxygen species,and they are active players in redox homeostasis.Increased mitochondrial biogenesis,function and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle are important adaptive responses to regular exercise.In the present review,we highlight some of the redox-sensitive regulatory roles of miRs.展开更多
Chronic renal disease is associated with advanced age,diabetes,hypertension,obesity,musculoskeletal problems and cardiovascular disease,the latter being the main cause of mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis(...Chronic renal disease is associated with advanced age,diabetes,hypertension,obesity,musculoskeletal problems and cardiovascular disease,the latter being the main cause of mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis(HD).Cooled dialysate(35 ℃-36 ℃) is recently employed to reduce the incidence of intradialytic hypotension in patients on chronic HD.The studies to date that have evaluated cooled dialysate are limited,however,data suggest that cooled dialysate improves hemodynamic tolerability of dialysis,minimizes hypotension and exerts a protective effect over major organs including the heart and brain.The current evidence-based review is dealing with the protective effect of cold dialysis and the benefits of it in aspects affecting patients' quality of care and life.There is evidence to suggest that cold dialysis can reduce cardiovascular mortality.However,large multicentre randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to provide further supporting evidence in order to incorporate cold dialysis in routine clinical practice.展开更多
Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exer...Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.展开更多
AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD pat...AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD patients participated in this study. According to their RLS status, the patients were dividedinto the RLS group(n = 23) and the non-RLS group(n = 62). QoL, fatigue, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and depression symptoms were assessed by using various questionnaires. Finally, biochemical parameters including iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and parathormone were assessed. RESULTS The HD patients with RLS scored worse in all the questionnaires used in the study(P < 0.05). The patients with RLS were more likely to receive the HD therapy on the morning shift, whilst 43.5% of the RLS patients reported to experience the RLS symptoms also during HD. The severity of RLS was correlated with fatigue, depression score and sleep quality(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HD patients with RLS are subject to lower QoL related parameters and greater fatigue compared to HD patients without RLS. RLS should be successfully managed in order to improve the QoL of the sufferers.展开更多
Background:Little is known about exercise cardiac power(ECP),defined as the ratio of directly measured maximal oxygen uptake with peak systolic blood pressure during exercise,on heart failure(HF)risk.We examined the a...Background:Little is known about exercise cardiac power(ECP),defined as the ratio of directly measured maximal oxygen uptake with peak systolic blood pressure during exercise,on heart failure(HF)risk.We examined the association of ECP and the risk of HF.Methods:This was a population-based cohort study of 2351 men from eastern Finland.The average time to follow-up was 25 years.Participants participated at baseline in an exercise stress test.A total of 313 cases of HF occurred.Results:Men with low ECP(<9.84 mL/mmHg,the lowest quartile)had a 2.37-fold(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.68-3.35,p<0.0001)hazards ratio of HF as compared with men with high ECP(>13.92 mL/mmHg,the highest quartile),after adjusting for age.Low ECP was associated with a 1.96-fold risk(95%CI:1.38-2.78,p<0.001)of HF after additional adjustment for conventional risk factors.After further adjustment for left ventricular hypertrophy,the results hardly changed(hazards ratio=1.87,95%CI:1.31-2.66,p<0.001).One SD increase in ECP(3.16 mL/mmHg)was associated with a decreased risk of HF by 28%(95%CI:17%-37%).Conclusion:ECP provides a noninvasive and easily available measure from cardiopulmonary exercise tests in predicting HF.However,ECP did not provide additional value over maximal oxygen uptake.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the program"No more smoking!It’s time for physical activity",with a mixed methods design,in order to collect information to improve the program for future appli...Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the program"No more smoking!It’s time for physical activity",with a mixed methods design,in order to collect information to improve the program for future applications.Methods:Forty patients across five anti-smoking clinics in Central Greece completed the program.Counselors’records and participants’questionnaires and interviews were used as data in order to evaluate the programs’process and outcome.Results:Quantitative measures before and after the program revealed significant differences on smoking behavior,physical activity(PA)behavior,self-efficacy,and smoking habit measures.Qualitative data implied that the promotion of PA as a cessation aid was perceived as positive by the participants and both participants’and counselors’statements were encouraging for the effectiveness of PA promotion during the program as a cessation-aid technique.Conclusion:Evaluation of the"No more smoking!It’s time for physical activity"program showed encouraging results.People who try to quit smoking can become more physically active through targeted intervention and they regard PA as a significant aid in their efforts to quit smoking.展开更多
Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit interna...Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.展开更多
Purpose： To investigate the link between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA） in Japanese subjects. Methods： A total of 93 men （42.2 ± 12.3 years old） ...Purpose： To investigate the link between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA） in Japanese subjects. Methods： A total of 93 men （42.2 ± 12.3 years old） and 106 women （43.5 ± 12.3 years old） were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by the breath-by-breath method. Regional body composition i.e., body fat mass, lean body mass, and body fat percentage was evaluated using DEXA. In addition, metabolic risk parameters were also evaluated. Results： Peak oxygen uptake was 37.6± 8.7 mL/kg/min in men and 31.1 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min in women, and decreased with age in both genders. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with total body fat percentage （men： r = -0.684, p 〈 0.0001; women： r = -0.681, p 〈 0.0001）. These associations remained even after adjusting for age and total lean body mass. However, peak work rate was positively and significantly correlated with leg lean body mass. Conclusion： Peak oxygen uptake was closely correlated with total body fat percentage in both genders. Aerobic exercise as well as leg resistance training might be useful for improving peak oxygen uptake in Japanese subjects. Copyright展开更多
Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the E...Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the ENDURE randomised controlled trial allocated to an intervention group(n=32;25%male)or control group(n=34;21%male).The intervention group was instructed to limit their daily steps to a maximum of 2000 for two weeks(Period Ⅰ),followed by a four-week exercise rehabilitation program(Period Ⅱ)involving twice-weekly sessions of whole-body resistance and bicycle ergometer-based endurance training.Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline,after Period Ⅰ,and after Period Ⅱ.Systemic metabolism was assessed using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Data were normalised using Box-Cox transformation and analysed with linear mixed-effects models including random intercepts.Results:Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ had largely opposing effects on systemic metabolism.For instance,compared to the control group,Period one led to increases in VLDL-phospholipids(0.54 SD,P=0.005),VLDL-cholesterols(0.41 SD,P=0.012)and VLDLtriglycerides(0.79 SD,P=0.002),and decreases in HDLphospholipids(−0.31 SD,P=0.037)andHDL-cholesterols(−0.47 SD,P=0.011),alongside an increase in HDL-triglycerides(0.64 SD,P=0.011).These changes reversed during Period Ⅱ.Glycoprotein acetylation biomarker GlycA levels were unaffected by either intervention.Conclusions:These findings suggest that short-term inactivity does not markedly influence the inflammatory state but adversely affects lipoprotein metabolism and glycolytic pathways;however,these changes are reversible through the resumption of physical activity.展开更多
Increased cardiovascular fitness,VO_(2max),is associated with enhanced endurance capacity and a decreased rate of mortality.High intensity interval training(HIIT)is one of the best methods to increase VO_(2max)and end...Increased cardiovascular fitness,VO_(2max),is associated with enhanced endurance capacity and a decreased rate of mortality.High intensity interval training(HIIT)is one of the best methods to increase VO_(2max)and endurance capacity for top athletes and for the general public as well.Because of the high intensity of this type of training,the adaptive response is not restricted to Type I fibers,as found for moderate intensity exercise of long duration.Even with a short exercise duration,HIIT can induce activation of AMPK,PGC-1α,SIRT1 and ROS pathway as well as by the modulation of Ca^(2+)homeostasis,leading to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis,and angiogenesis.The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the adaptive response of HIIT.展开更多
Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton ...Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.展开更多
We developed a Virtual Shopping Test with three different task levels for assessment of daily cognitive function using virtual reality technology. The objective of present study was to investigate the difference on ta...We developed a Virtual Shopping Test with three different task levels for assessment of daily cognitive function using virtual reality technology. The objective of present study was to investigate the difference on task performance, brain activation and subjective assessment in relation to the difficulty levels of the tasks. Subjects were asked to buy specific 2 items in Task 1, 4 items in Task 2, and 6 items in Task 3 at a virtual mall. The tasks and questionnaires were conducted on 10 convalescent brain-damaged patients and 6 healthy young adults. Hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during activation due to the tasks were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. As the result, the mean total time was significantly longer for the patients than for healthy subjects. PFC showed a greater response for related Task 2 than Task 1 in shopping and moving phase in patient group. The patients evaluated Tasks 1 and 2 are more difficult and bring more psychological load than healthy adults subjectively. That is, although the healthy adults did not show large difference in their task performances as well as PFC responses, they can evaluate the differences between three task levels, subjectively, while which could not be for the patients means that patients could not distinguish the difference of the tasks, subjectively. The results suggest that 4-item shopping task might be enough difficulty level that causes brain activation for the brain-damaged patients.展开更多
Accumulating evidence show that exercise and diet interventions are associated with improved sleep quality.Studies investigating the effects of exercise and dieting on circulating metabolomics in people with sleep dis...Accumulating evidence show that exercise and diet interventions are associated with improved sleep quality.Studies investigating the effects of exercise and dieting on circulating metabolomics in people with sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,are scarce.This 6-month randomized study aimed to assess the effects of exercise and dietary interventions on serum metabolites in men with insomnia symptoms.Seventy-two Finnish men(age:51.6±10.1 years)with chronic insomnia symptoms who were assigned to different intervention groups completed this study(exercise,n=24;diet,n=27;and control,n=21).The Shapiro-Wilk W-test,Levene test,Spearman correlation analysis,and analysis of variance were used for data analysis.We found that exercise and diet intervention were associated with improved sleep quality and with a number of metabolites across different biochemical pathways.Although we could not show causality,our findings provide new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the health effects of physical activity,diet,and sleep quality.Further investigation is needed to better understand the link among lifestyle,sleep quality,and metabolic health.展开更多
Objectives Although skeletal muscle is a target of hormonal regulation,the muscle transcriptome,including messenger-RNA(mRNA),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and microRNAs(miRNAs)has not previously been studied across t...Objectives Although skeletal muscle is a target of hormonal regulation,the muscle transcriptome,including messenger-RNA(mRNA),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and microRNAs(miRNAs)has not previously been studied across the menopausal transition.Thus,we took a multi-RNA-omics approach to get insight into transcriptome-wide events of menopause.Methods We included baseline and follow-up muscle samples from seven early(EarlyMT)and 17 late perimenopausal(LateMT)women transitioning to early postmenopause during the study.Total RNA was sequenced and differential expression(DE)of the transcriptome was investigated.Gene functions were investigated with pathway analyses and protein level expression with Western Blot.Results We found 30 DE mRNA genes in EarlyMT and 19 in LateMT participating in pathways controlling cell death,growth,and interactions with the external environment.Lack of protein level changes may indicate a specific role of the regulatory RNAs during menopause.10 DE lncRNA transcripts but no DE lncRNA genes were identified.No DE miRNAs were found.We identified putative regulatory networks likely to be affected by estradiol availability.Changes in gene expression were correlated with changes in body composition variables,indicating that muscularity and adiposity regulators are affected by menopausal transition.We also found correlations between gene expression and physical activity levels.Conclusions The observed DE genes and their regulatory networks offer novel mechanistic insights into factors affecting body composition during and after menopause.Our results imply that physiological deteriorations orchestrated by the muscle transcriptome likely depend on the magnitude of hormonal change and are influenced by physical activity.展开更多
Objectives Exercise training induces several skeletal muscle adaptations.Beta-guanidinopropionic acid(β-GPA)is a creatine analog that simulates the effect of exercise to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.However,the ef...Objectives Exercise training induces several skeletal muscle adaptations.Beta-guanidinopropionic acid(β-GPA)is a creatine analog that simulates the effect of exercise to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.However,the effects ofβ-GPA on resistance training adaptation,such as muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial biogenesis,are unclear.Therefore,using a resistance exercise model in rats,the present study was designed to investigate the effects ofβ-GPA administration on resistance training adaptations.Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments at Ritsumeikan University(approval number:BKC2022-009).Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into placebo orβ-GPA groups.β-GPA(1000 mg/kg)was orally administered once daily,starting seven days before the initiation of electromyostimulation as a model for resistance exercise,and continued throughout the training period.Electromyostimulation was applied to the right gastrocnemius muscle via electrical stimulation every other day for a total of 12 sessions Results Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γco-activator-1α,a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis,was significantly increased by the combination of training andβ-GPA compared to the training leg(p<0.05).Protein expression of Total OXPHOS,a marker of mitochondrial content,was significantly increased by the combination of training andβ-GPA compared to the training leg(p<0.05).β-GPA intake reduced muscle mass(main effect ofβ-GPA,p<0.05)and was associated with muscle protein breakdown-related Fbx32 and LC3-II protein expression levels but did not counteract the increase in muscle mass caused by resistance training.Conclusions Administration of exogenousβ-GPA enhanced resistance training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.Moreover,β-GPA still permitted resistance electromyostimulation-induced muscle mass gains,but that effect was attenuated as compared to placebo.展开更多
文摘Background:It is unclear whether physical activity can benefit participants with high genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease.We examined the joint associations of intensity-specific physical activity and genetic predisposition(based on polygenetic risk score)with incident coronary heart disease(CHD),stroke,and atrial fibrillation(AF).Methods:This prospective cohort study included 303,950 adults(age=56.4±8.0 years,mean±SD;52.5%females)from the UK Biobank with physical activity and disease-related genotypes.Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)and intensity-specific activity was classified according to volume(e.g.,MVPA was classified as none,low,medium,and high).Genetic predisposition for CHD,stroke,and AF were classified as low(Quintile 1),intermediate(Quintiles 2-4),and high(Quintile 5).Results:During 11.6±2.1 years of follow-up:19,865 CHD,7907 stroke,and 16,688 AF events occurred.Compared to the no MVPA and high genetic risk group,we observed lower CHD risk for increasing levels of MVPA over and above genetic risk groupings.These associations were primarily driven by vigorous-intensity activity.For example,in the high genetic risk group,those with low vigorous-intensity activity levels(compared to none)had a hazard ratio(HR)of 0.78(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.72-0.86)compared to an HR of 0.92(95%CI:0.86-0.99)for low moderate-intensity activity levels.For stroke incidence,we observed a protective association for MVPA across genetic risk groups that was mostly driven by moderate-intensity activity volume.Among the high genetic risk group,low moderate-intensity had an HR of0.77(95%CI:0.66-0.90),whereas low vigorous-intensity had no association(HR=0.95,95%CI:0.82-1.09).We did not observe a consistent joint association of MVPA and AF genetic predisposition.Conclusion:We observed lower CHD and stroke risk for low to high MVPA among participants with high genetic predisposition.The associations of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity volume differed considerably across cardiovascular disease sub-types.Overall,our findings suggest vigorous-intensity activity may mitigate genetic predisposition for CHD while moderate intensity activity may be associated with similar effects for stroke.Joint associations were less consistent across AF genetic predisposition groups.Our results inform precision medicine approaches and future lifestyle modification interventions by quantifying the potential benefits of physical activity among at-risk individuals.
基金supported by a grant from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie(Grant agreement No.101028929)supported by an Investigator Grant from the Medical Research Future Fund(MRF1193862)supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship.
文摘Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful health marker recommended by the American Heart Association as a clinical vital sign.Comparing the predictive validity of objectively measured CRF(the"gold standara")and estimated CRF is clinically relevant because estimated CRF is more feasible.Our objective was to meta-analyze cohort studies to compare the associations of objectively measured,exerciseestimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality in adults.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 9 databases(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Scopus,PsycINFO,Web of Science,PubMed,CINAHL,and the Cochrane Library)up to April 11,2024.We included full-text refereed cohort studies published in English that quantified the association(using risk estimates with 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs))of objectively measured,exercise-estimated,and non-exercise-estimated CRF with all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.CRF was expressed as metabolic equivalents(METs)of task.Pooled relative risks(RR)for all-cause and CVD mortality per 1-MET(3.5 mL/kg/min)higher level of CRF were quantified using random-effects models.Results:Forty-two studies representing 35 cohorts and 3,813,484 observations(81%male)(362,771 all-cause and 56,471 CVD deaths)were included.The pooled RRs for all-cause and CVD mortality per higher MET were 0.86(95%CI:0.83-0.88)and 0.84(95%CI:0.80-0.87),respectively.For both all-cause and CVD mortality,there were no statistically significant differences in RR per higher MET between objectively measured(RR range:0.86-0.90)and maximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.85-0.86),submaximal exercise-estimated(RR range:0.91-0.94),and non-exercise-estimated CRF(RR range:0.81-0.85).Conclusion:Objectively measured and estimated CRF showed similar dose-response associations for all-cause and CVD mortality in adults.Estimated CRF could provide a practical and robust alternative to objectively measured CRF for assessing mortality risk across diverse populations.Our findings underscore the health-related benefits of higher CRF and advocate for its integration into clinical practice to enhance risk stratification.
基金supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska Curie grant agreement(No.101028929)BJFis supported by National Heart Foundation of Australia Postdoc-toral Fellowship(No.106588)+1 种基金BG is supported by Australian Government Research Training Program ScholarshipDPLis supported by Clive Kearon Award,McMaster University.Additional funding information can be found in Supplemen-tary Funding.
文摘Background:Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability.Handgrip strength(HGS)using isometric dynamometry is a convenient,feasible,and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages.While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries,no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms.The objective of this study was to generate international sex-and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan.Methods:Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines(MEDLINE,SPORTDiscus,Embase,Web of Science,CINAHL,and Google Scholar)up to December 1,2023.We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age.Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodo-logical variation.Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape were used to develop sex-and age-specific norms for absolute HGS(kg)and HGS normalized by height(Ht,m)squared(i.e.,HGS/Ht^(2)in kg/m^(2)).Norms were tabulated as percentile values(5th to 95th)and visualized as smoothed percentile curves.Results:We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults(51.9%female)aged 20 to 100+years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward.On average,absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood,peaked from age 3039 years(at 49.7 kg(males)and 29.7 kg(females)for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m^(2)(males)and 11.3 kg/m^(2)(females)for HGS/Ht^(2)),and declined afterwards.The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood.Conclusion:This study provides the world’s largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age.These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons,health screening,and surveillance.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council(No.201206320092),China.
文摘Background:As sedentary behavior is a global health issue,there is a need for methods of self-reported sitting assessment.The accuracy and reliability of these methods should also be tested in various populations and different cultural contexts.This study examined the validity of longterm and short-term recall of occupational sitting time in Finnish and Chinese subgroups.Methods:Two cohort groups of office-based workers(58.6%female,age range 2267 years)participated:a Finnish group(FIN,n=34)and a Chinese group(CHI,n=36).Long-term(past 3-month sitting)and short-term(daily sitting assessed on 5 consecutive days)single-item measures were used to assess self-reported occupational sitting time.Values from each participant were compared to objectively measured occupational sitting time assessed via thigh-mounted accelerometers,with Spearman’s rho(r)used to assess validity and the Bland-Altman method used to evaluate agreement.Coefficients of variation depicted day-to-day variability of time spent on sitting at work.Results:In the total study sample,the results showed that both long-term and short-term recall correlated with accelerometer-derived sitting time(r=0.532,95%confidence intervals(CI):0.3360.684,p<0.001;r=0.533,95%CI:0.4490.607,p<0.001,respectively).Compared to objectively measured sitting time,self-reported occupational sitting time was 2.4%(95%CI:0.5%to 5.3%,p=0.091)and 2.2%(95%CI:0.7%3.6%,p=0.005)greater for long-term and short-term recall,respectively.The agreement level was within the range21.2%to 25.9%for long-term recall,and24.2%to 28.5%for short-term recall.During a 5-day work week,day-to-day variation of sitting time was 9.4%§11.4%according to short-term recall and 10.4%§8.4%according to accelerometry-derived occupational sitting time.Conclusion:Overall,both long-term and short-term self-reported instruments provide acceptable measures of occupational sitting time in an office-based workplace,but their utility at the individual level is limited due to large variability.
文摘Objective: We sought to investigate the longitudinal associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA) and pubertal development with academic achievement in adolescents.Methods: A total of 635 adolescents(283 boys, 352 girls) aged 11-13 years participated in the study. MVPA was assessed by the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study questionnaire, and pubertal development was assessed by the Pubertal Development Scale at beginning of the 6 th grade(baseline) and end of the 7 th grade(follow-up). Grade point average(GPA) at the end of Grades 5 and 7 was computed from data acquired from the school registers. The data were analyzed using linear regression and analyses of covariance.Results: In boys, MVPA was positively associated with GPA at baseline after adjustment for age(b = 0.144, 95% confidence interval(CI):0.028-0.260, p = 0.028). In girls, the Pubertal Development Scale was positively associated with GPA at baseline(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.004 to0.211, p = 0.058) and follow-up(b = 0.104, 95%CI: -0.002 to 0.211, p = 0.055) after adjustment for age, and these associations strengthened after further adjustment for MVPA(p < 0.05). Adolescents who were inactive at baseline or at baseline and follow-up had lower GPA during followup than their continuously highly active peers(mean difference = -0.301, 95%CI: -0.543 to -0.058, p = 0.009) and all other adolescents(mean difference = -0.247, 95%CI: -0.475 to -0.019, p = 0.029). These differences were greater in girls than in boys.Conclusion: Lower levels of MVPA were associated with lower GPA in boys at baseline. Girls who were continuously inactive had lower GPA over the follow-up period than those who were continuously active. Finally, earlier pubertal development was associated with better academic achievement in girls.
基金This study was supported by OTKA(112810)National Excellence Program(126823)Grants awarded to ZR.
文摘MicroRNAs(miRs)are small regulatory RNA transcripts capable of post-transcriptional silencing of mRNA messages by entering a cellular bimolecular apparatus called RNA-induced silencing complex.miRs are involved in the regulation of cellular processes producing,eliminating or repairing the damage caused by reactive oxygen species,and they are active players in redox homeostasis.Increased mitochondrial biogenesis,function and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle are important adaptive responses to regular exercise.In the present review,we highlight some of the redox-sensitive regulatory roles of miRs.
文摘Chronic renal disease is associated with advanced age,diabetes,hypertension,obesity,musculoskeletal problems and cardiovascular disease,the latter being the main cause of mortality in patients receiving haemodialysis(HD).Cooled dialysate(35 ℃-36 ℃) is recently employed to reduce the incidence of intradialytic hypotension in patients on chronic HD.The studies to date that have evaluated cooled dialysate are limited,however,data suggest that cooled dialysate improves hemodynamic tolerability of dialysis,minimizes hypotension and exerts a protective effect over major organs including the heart and brain.The current evidence-based review is dealing with the protective effect of cold dialysis and the benefits of it in aspects affecting patients' quality of care and life.There is evidence to suggest that cold dialysis can reduce cardiovascular mortality.However,large multicentre randomized clinical trials are urgently needed to provide further supporting evidence in order to incorporate cold dialysis in routine clinical practice.
基金supported primarily by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness((MINECO),DEP2017-91544-EXP)the Alicia Koplowitz Foundation+13 种基金supported by additional grants from MINECO(DEP2013-47540,DEP2016-79512-R,PID2020-120249RB-I00)the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF,FEDER in Spanish)the European Commission(No.667302)Further funding was obtained from the Andalusian Operational Programme supported by the ERDF(B-CTS-355-UGR18,B-CTS-500-UGR18 and A-CTS-614-UGR20)partially funded by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Investigación 2016,Excellence actions:Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise and Health(UCEES)and by the Regional Government of Andalusia,Regional Ministry of Knowledge,Science,and Universities and the ERDF(SOMM17/6107/UGR)supported by the School of Medicine,Complutense University of Madrid,Mother-Child Health and Development Network(Red SAMID)Ⅲnetwork,Redes temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud(RETICS),funded by the PN I+D+I 20172021(Spain)funded by the Ramón Areces Foundation.AMG is supported by FPU16/03653supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(RYC2019-027287-I)supported by a grant from Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo(No.72180543)from Chilethrough a Margarita Salas grant from the Spanish Ministry Universitiessupported by MINECO and ERDF(grants RYC-2016-21199 and SAF2017-87526-R)the Junta de Andalucia(PAIDI P20_00158,PAIDI P20_00124)supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education,Culture and Sport(FPU 16/02760)。
文摘Background:Emerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment.However,the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown.We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on(a)blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence(brainderived neurotrophic factor,β-hydroxybutyrate(BHB),cathepsin B(CTSB),kynurenine,fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(sVCAM-1));and(b)a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins(discovery analysis).We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health(hippocampal structure and function,cognitive performance,and mental health).Methods:We randomized 81 overweight/obese children(10.1±1.1 years,41%girls)into 2 groups:either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control.Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for kynurenine,FGF21,and CTSB;colorimetry forβ-hydroxybutyrate;and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.The92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.Results:Our intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers(all p>0.05).In the discovery analysis,a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed(standardized differences between groups=-0.3,p=0.001).This effect was validated using ELISA methods(standardized difference=-0.3,p=0.01).None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.Conclusions:Our study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers.We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-Ⅰ,it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health.Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health.
文摘AIM To examine whether hemodialysis(HD) patients with restless legs syndrome(RLS) are subjects of greater fatigue and impaired quality of life(QoL) compared to HD patients without RLS.METHODS Eighty five stable HD patients participated in this study. According to their RLS status, the patients were dividedinto the RLS group(n = 23) and the non-RLS group(n = 62). QoL, fatigue, sleep quality, daily sleepiness and depression symptoms were assessed by using various questionnaires. Finally, biochemical parameters including iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, hematocrit and parathormone were assessed. RESULTS The HD patients with RLS scored worse in all the questionnaires used in the study(P < 0.05). The patients with RLS were more likely to receive the HD therapy on the morning shift, whilst 43.5% of the RLS patients reported to experience the RLS symptoms also during HD. The severity of RLS was correlated with fatigue, depression score and sleep quality(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HD patients with RLS are subject to lower QoL related parameters and greater fatigue compared to HD patients without RLS. RLS should be successfully managed in order to improve the QoL of the sufferers.
文摘Background:Little is known about exercise cardiac power(ECP),defined as the ratio of directly measured maximal oxygen uptake with peak systolic blood pressure during exercise,on heart failure(HF)risk.We examined the association of ECP and the risk of HF.Methods:This was a population-based cohort study of 2351 men from eastern Finland.The average time to follow-up was 25 years.Participants participated at baseline in an exercise stress test.A total of 313 cases of HF occurred.Results:Men with low ECP(<9.84 mL/mmHg,the lowest quartile)had a 2.37-fold(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.68-3.35,p<0.0001)hazards ratio of HF as compared with men with high ECP(>13.92 mL/mmHg,the highest quartile),after adjusting for age.Low ECP was associated with a 1.96-fold risk(95%CI:1.38-2.78,p<0.001)of HF after additional adjustment for conventional risk factors.After further adjustment for left ventricular hypertrophy,the results hardly changed(hazards ratio=1.87,95%CI:1.31-2.66,p<0.001).One SD increase in ECP(3.16 mL/mmHg)was associated with a decreased risk of HF by 28%(95%CI:17%-37%).Conclusion:ECP provides a noninvasive and easily available measure from cardiopulmonary exercise tests in predicting HF.However,ECP did not provide additional value over maximal oxygen uptake.
文摘Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the program"No more smoking!It’s time for physical activity",with a mixed methods design,in order to collect information to improve the program for future applications.Methods:Forty patients across five anti-smoking clinics in Central Greece completed the program.Counselors’records and participants’questionnaires and interviews were used as data in order to evaluate the programs’process and outcome.Results:Quantitative measures before and after the program revealed significant differences on smoking behavior,physical activity(PA)behavior,self-efficacy,and smoking habit measures.Qualitative data implied that the promotion of PA as a cessation aid was perceived as positive by the participants and both participants’and counselors’statements were encouraging for the effectiveness of PA promotion during the program as a cessation-aid technique.Conclusion:Evaluation of the"No more smoking!It’s time for physical activity"program showed encouraging results.People who try to quit smoking can become more physically active through targeted intervention and they regard PA as a significant aid in their efforts to quit smoking.
基金supported by the Grant PID2020-120249RB-I00PID2023-148404OB-100funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+4 种基金by the Andalusian Government(Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,ref.P20_00124)by the Erasmus+Sport Programme of the European Union within the project FitBack4Literacy(No.101089829)Additional support is provided by the University of Granada,Plan Propio de Inves-tigación,Units of ExcellenceUnit of Excellence on Exercise,Nutrition and Health(UCEENS)by theCIBERobn Physiopa-thology of Obesity and Nutrition,and by the Spanish Network in Exercise and Health,EXERNET Network(RED2022-134800-Tand EXP_99828).
文摘Background:Physicalfitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health.However,inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance.The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed,evidence-informed,Youth Fitness International Test(YFIT)battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 618 years.Methods:We conducted an international modified Delphi study to evaluate the level of agreement with a proposed,evidence-based,YFIT of core health-relatedfitness tests and protocols to be used worldwide in 6-to 18-year-olds.This proposal was based on previous European and North American projects that systematically reviewed the existing evidence to identify the most valid,reliable,health-related,safe,and feasiblefitness tests to be used in children and adolescents aged 618 years.We designed a single-panel modified Delphi study and invited 216 experts from all around the world to answer this Delphi survey,of whom one-third are from low-to-middle income countries and one-third are women.Four experts were involved in the piloting of the survey and did not participate in the main Delphi study to avoid bias.We pre-defined an agreement of 80%among the expert participants to achieve consensus.Results:We obtained a high response rate(78%)with a total of 169fitness experts from 50 countries and territories,including 63 women and 61 experts from low-or middle-income countries/territories.Consensus(>85%agreement)was achieved for all proposed tests and protocols,supporting the YFIT battery,which includes weight and height(to compute body mass index as a proxy of body size/composition),the 20-m shuttle run(cardiorespiratoryfitness),handgrip strength,and standing long jump(muscularfitness).Conclusion:This study contributes to standardizingfitness tests and protocols used for research,monitoring,and surveillance across the world,which will allow for future data pooling and the development of international and regional sex-and age-specific reference values,health-related cut-points,and a global picture offitness among children and adolescents.
基金supported in part by Research Grants from the Ministry of Health,Labour,and Welfare of Japan
文摘Purpose： To investigate the link between peak oxygen uptake and regional body composition by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry （DEXA） in Japanese subjects. Methods： A total of 93 men （42.2 ± 12.3 years old） and 106 women （43.5 ± 12.3 years old） were enrolled in this cross-sectional investigation study. Peak oxygen uptake was measured by the breath-by-breath method. Regional body composition i.e., body fat mass, lean body mass, and body fat percentage was evaluated using DEXA. In addition, metabolic risk parameters were also evaluated. Results： Peak oxygen uptake was 37.6± 8.7 mL/kg/min in men and 31.1 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min in women, and decreased with age in both genders. Peak oxygen uptake was significantly correlated with total body fat percentage （men： r = -0.684, p 〈 0.0001; women： r = -0.681, p 〈 0.0001）. These associations remained even after adjusting for age and total lean body mass. However, peak work rate was positively and significantly correlated with leg lean body mass. Conclusion： Peak oxygen uptake was closely correlated with total body fat percentage in both genders. Aerobic exercise as well as leg resistance training might be useful for improving peak oxygen uptake in Japanese subjects. Copyright
基金supported by the Research Council of Finland(#330281 to E.K.L,#350528 to S.W,#341058 to M.L and#357183 to M.A-K)the Finnish Cultural Foundation(#00211177 to S.W)+1 种基金the Sigrid Juselius Foundation(to M.A-K)by the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research(to M.A-K).
文摘Objectives:This study examined the effects of stepreduction and subsequent step-recovery and exercise rehabilitation on systemic metabolism in older adults.Methods:Participants were 66 eligible participants from the ENDURE randomised controlled trial allocated to an intervention group(n=32;25%male)or control group(n=34;21%male).The intervention group was instructed to limit their daily steps to a maximum of 2000 for two weeks(Period Ⅰ),followed by a four-week exercise rehabilitation program(Period Ⅱ)involving twice-weekly sessions of whole-body resistance and bicycle ergometer-based endurance training.Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline,after Period Ⅰ,and after Period Ⅱ.Systemic metabolism was assessed using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Data were normalised using Box-Cox transformation and analysed with linear mixed-effects models including random intercepts.Results:Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ had largely opposing effects on systemic metabolism.For instance,compared to the control group,Period one led to increases in VLDL-phospholipids(0.54 SD,P=0.005),VLDL-cholesterols(0.41 SD,P=0.012)and VLDLtriglycerides(0.79 SD,P=0.002),and decreases in HDLphospholipids(−0.31 SD,P=0.037)andHDL-cholesterols(−0.47 SD,P=0.011),alongside an increase in HDL-triglycerides(0.64 SD,P=0.011).These changes reversed during Period Ⅱ.Glycoprotein acetylation biomarker GlycA levels were unaffected by either intervention.Conclusions:These findings suggest that short-term inactivity does not markedly influence the inflammatory state but adversely affects lipoprotein metabolism and glycolytic pathways;however,these changes are reversible through the resumption of physical activity.
文摘Increased cardiovascular fitness,VO_(2max),is associated with enhanced endurance capacity and a decreased rate of mortality.High intensity interval training(HIIT)is one of the best methods to increase VO_(2max)and endurance capacity for top athletes and for the general public as well.Because of the high intensity of this type of training,the adaptive response is not restricted to Type I fibers,as found for moderate intensity exercise of long duration.Even with a short exercise duration,HIIT can induce activation of AMPK,PGC-1α,SIRT1 and ROS pathway as well as by the modulation of Ca^(2+)homeostasis,leading to enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis,and angiogenesis.The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the adaptive response of HIIT.
基金supported,in part,by a grant-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture.
文摘Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.
文摘We developed a Virtual Shopping Test with three different task levels for assessment of daily cognitive function using virtual reality technology. The objective of present study was to investigate the difference on task performance, brain activation and subjective assessment in relation to the difficulty levels of the tasks. Subjects were asked to buy specific 2 items in Task 1, 4 items in Task 2, and 6 items in Task 3 at a virtual mall. The tasks and questionnaires were conducted on 10 convalescent brain-damaged patients and 6 healthy young adults. Hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during activation due to the tasks were examined using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. As the result, the mean total time was significantly longer for the patients than for healthy subjects. PFC showed a greater response for related Task 2 than Task 1 in shopping and moving phase in patient group. The patients evaluated Tasks 1 and 2 are more difficult and bring more psychological load than healthy adults subjectively. That is, although the healthy adults did not show large difference in their task performances as well as PFC responses, they can evaluate the differences between three task levels, subjectively, while which could not be for the patients means that patients could not distinguish the difference of the tasks, subjectively. The results suggest that 4-item shopping task might be enough difficulty level that causes brain activation for the brain-damaged patients.
基金supported financially by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation(TEKES2206/31/2010)111 Project(B17029)of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zhiyuan Foundation(grant CP2014013)China Postdoc Scholarship Council(201806230001).
文摘Accumulating evidence show that exercise and diet interventions are associated with improved sleep quality.Studies investigating the effects of exercise and dieting on circulating metabolomics in people with sleep disorders,particularly insomnia,are scarce.This 6-month randomized study aimed to assess the effects of exercise and dietary interventions on serum metabolites in men with insomnia symptoms.Seventy-two Finnish men(age:51.6±10.1 years)with chronic insomnia symptoms who were assigned to different intervention groups completed this study(exercise,n=24;diet,n=27;and control,n=21).The Shapiro-Wilk W-test,Levene test,Spearman correlation analysis,and analysis of variance were used for data analysis.We found that exercise and diet intervention were associated with improved sleep quality and with a number of metabolites across different biochemical pathways.Although we could not show causality,our findings provide new insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the health effects of physical activity,diet,and sleep quality.Further investigation is needed to better understand the link among lifestyle,sleep quality,and metabolic health.
文摘Objectives Although skeletal muscle is a target of hormonal regulation,the muscle transcriptome,including messenger-RNA(mRNA),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and microRNAs(miRNAs)has not previously been studied across the menopausal transition.Thus,we took a multi-RNA-omics approach to get insight into transcriptome-wide events of menopause.Methods We included baseline and follow-up muscle samples from seven early(EarlyMT)and 17 late perimenopausal(LateMT)women transitioning to early postmenopause during the study.Total RNA was sequenced and differential expression(DE)of the transcriptome was investigated.Gene functions were investigated with pathway analyses and protein level expression with Western Blot.Results We found 30 DE mRNA genes in EarlyMT and 19 in LateMT participating in pathways controlling cell death,growth,and interactions with the external environment.Lack of protein level changes may indicate a specific role of the regulatory RNAs during menopause.10 DE lncRNA transcripts but no DE lncRNA genes were identified.No DE miRNAs were found.We identified putative regulatory networks likely to be affected by estradiol availability.Changes in gene expression were correlated with changes in body composition variables,indicating that muscularity and adiposity regulators are affected by menopausal transition.We also found correlations between gene expression and physical activity levels.Conclusions The observed DE genes and their regulatory networks offer novel mechanistic insights into factors affecting body composition during and after menopause.Our results imply that physiological deteriorations orchestrated by the muscle transcriptome likely depend on the magnitude of hormonal change and are influenced by physical activity.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21KK0177 to SF.
文摘Objectives Exercise training induces several skeletal muscle adaptations.Beta-guanidinopropionic acid(β-GPA)is a creatine analog that simulates the effect of exercise to induce mitochondrial biogenesis.However,the effects ofβ-GPA on resistance training adaptation,such as muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial biogenesis,are unclear.Therefore,using a resistance exercise model in rats,the present study was designed to investigate the effects ofβ-GPA administration on resistance training adaptations.Methods This study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments at Ritsumeikan University(approval number:BKC2022-009).Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into placebo orβ-GPA groups.β-GPA(1000 mg/kg)was orally administered once daily,starting seven days before the initiation of electromyostimulation as a model for resistance exercise,and continued throughout the training period.Electromyostimulation was applied to the right gastrocnemius muscle via electrical stimulation every other day for a total of 12 sessions Results Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γco-activator-1α,a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis,was significantly increased by the combination of training andβ-GPA compared to the training leg(p<0.05).Protein expression of Total OXPHOS,a marker of mitochondrial content,was significantly increased by the combination of training andβ-GPA compared to the training leg(p<0.05).β-GPA intake reduced muscle mass(main effect ofβ-GPA,p<0.05)and was associated with muscle protein breakdown-related Fbx32 and LC3-II protein expression levels but did not counteract the increase in muscle mass caused by resistance training.Conclusions Administration of exogenousβ-GPA enhanced resistance training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis.Moreover,β-GPA still permitted resistance electromyostimulation-induced muscle mass gains,but that effect was attenuated as compared to placebo.
