Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
The Cuban people are made up of three major migratory currents, the Chinese are one of them. They brought their culture, the methods, and procedures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the 19th century. Few were a...The Cuban people are made up of three major migratory currents, the Chinese are one of them. They brought their culture, the methods, and procedures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the 19th century. Few were able to return and so they created families in Cuba;some of their descendants dedicated themselves to medicine. In order to investigate the practices that were predecessors of TCM in Cuba in the 19th century, a qualitative phenomenological research was carried out, reviewing what was published by various sources, applying documentary analysis, logical historical analysis, abstraction, synthesis, and systematization of the results on the regularities of the work and human behavior of Chinese doctors in the Cuban 19th and 20th centuries. This made it possible to identify six Chinese doctors in the 19th century in Cuba who gave rise to the beginning of some practices of TCM in Cuba, and five from the 20th century, descendants of coolies who dedicated themselves to other specialties of medicine. It was found that despite their geographical and time disperse, they were all notorious for their outstanding professional and human behavior, with a trail of accumulated successes in achieving “almost the impossible” with the patient. They have left their mark on Cuban culture.展开更多
Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a researc...Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a research project. This affects comparisons with data from test samples. To avoid these complications in their research projects,beginners tend to have a greater number of animals in the control group compared to test groups in order to have control group measurements within 2 SDs of the mean.Methods: As non-availability of reference values was a long-felt need, the described project was conducted in order to establish a reference database for selected haematological, biochemical and physiological parameters using apparently healthy Sprague-Dawley rats bred in the Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo(UCFM).Results: Differences in mean values of packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum creatinine and blood glucose levels between the two genders were statistically significant. Lipid profile measurements did not differ significantly between genders, but mean and median values of triglycerides(TG) between male and female rats showed a difference of more than 10 mg/dL. The liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase(AP)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were also statistically significantly different between sexes. Despite wide variation in mean alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between sexes, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The findings of this project should support to a certain extent the"Reduction" aspect of the 3 Rs concept of Russell and Burch by reducing the number of Sprague-Dawley rats used in future research projects at UCFM.展开更多
Objective:Faculty incivility is a growing problem in nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and affects nursing care of patients.Fostering and managing faculty incivility requires knowing this problem usin...Objective:Faculty incivility is a growing problem in nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and affects nursing care of patients.Fostering and managing faculty incivility requires knowing this problem using a valid and reliable instrument.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire in the Iranian community.Methods:In this methodological study,the participants involved were 357 nursing students.They were selected between October and December 2019.The faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and construct validity.McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire.Results:The content validity index(CVI)was 0.86-0.91 for the items and 0.87 for the whole instrument.In factor analysis,two factors of violent and irresponsible behaviors were extracted.These factors explained>41.769%of the variance.Model fit indices(Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index[PCFI]=0.783,Parsimonious Normed Fit Index[PNFI]=0.756,root mean square error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.051,Goodness-of-Fit Index[GFI]=0.955,Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index[AGFI]=0.932,Comparative Fit Index[CFI]=0.955,χ^(2)/df=2.26)indicated the proportion of factors.Internal consistency was 0.87-0.93.Conclusions:Faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool with two factors that can be used to evaluate the incivility in Iranian faculty members.展开更多
Dopamine,often termed the"feel-good"neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in myriad physiological and psychological brain processes.While dopamine is primarily associated with pleasure,reward,and motivation,...Dopamine,often termed the"feel-good"neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in myriad physiological and psychological brain processes.While dopamine is primarily associated with pleasure,reward,and motivation,its effects can be quite complex;and this complexity is further compounded when examining how dopamine functions in typical versus disease-affected neural circuits.In pa rticula r,epilepsy,characte rized by heightened brain excitability,is linked to cognitive dysfunction,and dopamine is implicated in elements of both its pathology and treatment.Neuroscience has been successful in describing the synaptic abnormalities believed to contribute to memory issues in epilepsy,aiding in the search for effective therapies for what persists as a major medical issue.展开更多
Background: Ureteral stones are the most common leading cause of acute flank pain. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables predicting spontaneous ureteral stone passage and determine the o...Background: Ureteral stones are the most common leading cause of acute flank pain. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables predicting spontaneous ureteral stone passage and determine the optimal size cut-off for predicting such passage. Method: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients presenting with acute renal colic at a urology outpatient clinic. Patients with ureteral stones ≤ 10 mm and no surgical intervention post-initial diagnosis, who attended follow-up visits, were included. Exclusion criteria comprised stone size > 1 cm, fever due to obstructive pyelonephritis, acute kidney injury, single kidney status, or bilateral ureteral obstruction. Results: Of 124 included patients, the spontaneous stone passage rate was 57.3%, with a mean passage time of 11.1 (SD 6.25) days. Bivariate analysis revealed that factors predicting spontaneous passage were stone size (p Conclusions: Stone size < 7 mm, UVJ or distal ureter location, emerged as key predictors of stone passage in nephrolithiasis, and stone size below 6.85 mm is a reasonable cut off to initiate MET rather than 10 mm.展开更多
Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the li...Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ (both analytical grade and commercial) on the growth and development of tomato plants and metagenomics of rhizosphere soil. A pot experiment was set up in an artificial greenhouse with two sets of treatments. One set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and analytical grade MZ (B2) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W2), and the other set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and commercial MZ (B3) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W3). No detrimental effects of MPs, FR, and MZ were detected on the growth parameters of tomato plants, including the number of leaves and chlorophyll concentration. However, tomato roots showed knot and nodulation-type structures, and metabolomic profiling revealed that combined exposure to MPs, FR, and MZ profoundly reprogrammed the primary metabolism in tomato roots, with marked alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways. Metagenome whole genome sequencing showed that the B2 and B3 treatments profoundly affected soil microbial community composition, diversity, gene abundances, and functional gene variations compared to W2 and W3. Proteobacteria became the dominating phylum in B2 and B3, causing a significant shift in the microbiome. Its abundance soared to 66.7% in B2 and 75.4% in B3, compared to only 35.9% in W2 and 28.9% in W3. On the other hand, Actinobacteria decreased significantly from 55.6% in W2 and 63.8% in W3 to 18.1% in B2 and 9.6% in B3. This study highlights the microbial shifts due to combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ, providing evidence for understanding their environmental risks.展开更多
Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk fa...Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk factors for delirium in patients≥60 years of age hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The study included 405 consecutive patients(mean age:73.1±8.5,males:61%)hospitalized due to AMI divided and characterized according to the in-hospital delirium presence.Results Of 405 patients,57(14%,mean age:80.9±7.3,males:58%)experienced delirium.Patients with delirium were older(80.9±7.3 vs.71.82±8.1 years),all of them presented multimorbidity,they more frequently used polypharmacy(96.5 vs.30.2%)and their hospitalization was longer(8.0±1.4 vs.4.6±1.0 days)as compared to the patients without delirium.Patients with delirium more frequently experience periprocedural complications as well as the in-hospital reversible problems:fever(40.4 vs.0.9%),infections(78.9 vs.3.7%),pulmonary oedema(73.7 vs.0.6%),hypoxemia(91.1 vs.98.3%),urinary catheter(96.5 vs.17.2%),dehydration(89.5 vs.6.6%),and insomnia(71.9 vs.0.3%)compared to patients without delirium(P<0.001 for all).Valvular heart disease(OR=4.78;95%CI:1.10-2.70;P<0.001,pulmonary oedema(OR=66.79;95%CI:12.04-370.34,P<0.001),and dehydration(OR=37.26;95%CI:10.50-132.27,P<0.001)were risk factors for delirium occurrence.Conclusions The in-hospital course of AMI is complicated by delirium occurrence in 14%of patients≥60 years old.Recognizing and modification of potential,reversible risk factors associated with AMI can reduce the risk of delirium.展开更多
Liver cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma representing its most prevalent form.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key factors d...Liver cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma representing its most prevalent form.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key factors driving the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma,with a particular emphasis on immune-related mechanisms.Furthermore,we delve into the emerging roles of galectins,particularly galectin-1 and galectin-3,in hepatocellular carcinoma pathobiology,underscoring their potential utility as biomarkers for assessing disease severity and progression.These insights contribute to a better understan-ding of the molecular and immunological underpinnings of hepatocellular carcinoma,paving the way for more targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Positron emission tomography(PET)with F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)is an established tool in clinical molecular imaging for evaluating metabolic activity.Advanced PET systems enable high‐resolution three‐dimensional...Positron emission tomography(PET)with F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)is an established tool in clinical molecular imaging for evaluating metabolic activity.Advanced PET systems enable high‐resolution three‐dimensional analysis of FDG distribution,offering insightful information for lesion characterization.Furthermore,dynamic whole‐body imaging facilitates assessment of temporal FDG uptake following its administration.This development introduces the concept of four‐dimensional(4D)FDG PET/CT,enhancing the precision of lesion characterization.A critical advantage of applying 4D FDG PET/CT is the ability to distinguish pathological from physiological FDG uptake by analyzing motion‐related uptake.Correcting motion and integrating serial imaging data enable accurate interpretation.Additionally,FDG uptake quantification is possible using Patlak analysis.This review discusses innovative clinical applications and quantitative techniques for analyzing FDG distribution through 4D FDG PET/CT.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the dosing,efficacy and safety of the main antileishmanial agents amphotericin B(conventional or liposomal),pentavalent antimonials,miltefosine and paromomycin recommended for the treatment of vi...Objective:To evaluate the dosing,efficacy and safety of the main antileishmanial agents amphotericin B(conventional or liposomal),pentavalent antimonials,miltefosine and paromomycin recommended for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children.Methods:The efficacy and safety of visceral leishmaniasis treatments in children were systematically reviewed using literature from PubMed,Cochrane,clinicaltrials.gov,and Google Scholar,focusing on randomised trials with separate pediatric data(published from 2000-2024).The risk of bias of selected trials was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials(RoB 2).Reporting was done per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist.Results:Of 1186 records,only 7 were eligible for qualitative synthesis.Three trials exclusively included children.The treatment regimens studied showed high heterogeneity and lacked sufficient data for a meta-analysis.Most trial arms reported efficacies over 94%for children across different regimens.Miltefosine monotherapy showed the highest rate of late treatment failures,highlighting that allometric dosing is crucial to ensure proper drug exposure in children.Safety data for children were available in only three studies with varied reporting systems of adverse events.Although regimens in this review were generally considered to be safe in children,antimonial-related cardiac toxicity remains a threat.Conclusions:This review highlights the need for pediatric-specific trials,clear presentation of pediatric data,and systematic documentation of adverse events to enhance evidence for policy-making and pediatric guideline development.展开更多
Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided i...Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups:the normal control,the CCl_(4)group,the CCl_(4)group treated with silymarin(200 mg/kg)or Lagerstroemia indica extract(200 and 400 mg/kg).Oxidative stress,inflammatory,and apoptotic markers,as well as liver enzymes were analyzed.Histopathological studies were performed to examine the effect of the plant extract on liver structure.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis was carried out to determine Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 expression.Results:Lagerstroemia indica extract significantly improved liver function by reducing aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and bilirubin levels.It also enhanced the activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase,increased glutathione content,and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde,nuclear factor kappa-B,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,cyclooxygenase-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.In addition,the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 were markedly downregulated by treatment with Lagerstroemia indica extracts.Histopathological examination revealed the extract confered protection against CCl_(4)-induced liver damage as evidenced by reduced sinusoidal dilatation,thinner fibrotic septa,decreased vacuolar degeneration,and improved hepatic cord organization.Conclusions:Lagerstroemia indica extract possesses hepatoprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1-HMOX1-NQO1 signaling pathway in a rat model of CCl_(4)-induced liver damage.展开更多
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,...BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are arising as potential therapeutic alternatives.AIM To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RAs on the incidence of AF.METHODS Inclusion criteria included systematic reviews(SRs)that based their analyses on clinical trials,observational studies,controlled trials and network meta-analyses.A total of 8 SRs were selected for data extraction,focusing on semaglutide,liraglutide and dulaglutide.Additionally,the effects of GLP-1 RAs on AF incidence were compared with those of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors.RESULTS Findings indicate that semaglutide,evaluated in the largest patient cohort across the 8 SRs,consistently reduced AF incidence.However,dulaglutide and liraglutide exhibited inconsistent effects.Notably,as opposed to variable outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs,SGLT2 inhibitors a class of antidiabetic agents with weight-reducing properties exhibit significant cardiovascular benefits,including reductions in both AF and atrial flutter.CONCLUSION GLP-1 RAs emerge as a promising and potential alternative for AADs in reduction of incidence of AF.However,further research is required to fully determine their therapeutic potential and long-term cardiovascular effects.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the influence of age,body mass index(BMI),varicocele,diabetes,tobacco use,and environmental occupational risks on sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and its association with semen parameters an...Objective:To investigate the influence of age,body mass index(BMI),varicocele,diabetes,tobacco use,and environmental occupational risks on sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and its association with semen parameters and in vitro fertility(IVF)outcomes.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 infertile men.Conventional semen parameters were analyzed according to the World Health Organization criteria.Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using sperm chromatin dispersion method.After visiting the infertility center,the men's height and weight were measured,and blood tests were performed to check for diabetes,and medical records were reviewed for varicocele,tobacco use,and type of occupation.The sperm was then examined for DFI.Then,the association between sperm DFI and IVF failure rate was investigated.Results:The study showed a significant association between DFI≥20%with BMI(OR 1.134,95%CI 1.04-1.24,P=0.006),varicocele(OR 4.330,95%CI 1.25-14.96,P=0.021),tobacco use(OR 3.066,95%CI 1.06-8.90,P=0.039)and environmental and occupational risks(OR 2.694,95%CI 1.08-6.75,P=0.034)as well as sperm motility(P<0.05).Although the amount of DNA damage increased in those aged≥40 years,there was no significant association between the amount of DFI≥≥20%and age,diabetes,sperm volume and concentration,morphology and progressive rate(P>0.05).The IVF failure rate was higher in people with a DFI≥20%.Conclusions:Factors such as BMI,varicocele,improper working conditions and environment cause damage to sperm DNA,and DFI≥20%damage can have adverse effects on IVF outcomes.展开更多
Severe combined immunodeficiency disease(SCID),characterized by profound immune system dysfunction,can lead to life-threatening infections and death.Animal models play a pivotal role in elucidating biological processe...Severe combined immunodeficiency disease(SCID),characterized by profound immune system dysfunction,can lead to life-threatening infections and death.Animal models play a pivotal role in elucidating biological processes and advancing therapeutic strategies.Recent advances in gene-editing technologies,including zincfinger nucleases(ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),CRISPR/Cas9,and base editing,have significantly enhanced the generation of SCID models.These models have not only deepened our understanding of disease pathophysiology but have also driven progress in cancer therapy,stem cell transplantation,organ transplantation,and infectious diseasemanagement.Thisreviewprovidesa comprehensive overview of current SCID models generated using novel gene-editing approaches,highlighting their potential applications in translational medicine and their role in advancing biomedical research.展开更多
Objective:Medical expulsive therapy(MET)is a suitable option for facilitating stone expulsion in patients with distal ureteral stones.This meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of monotherapy and ...Objective:Medical expulsive therapy(MET)is a suitable option for facilitating stone expulsion in patients with distal ureteral stones.This meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of monotherapy and combination therapy with tamsulosin,silodosin,and tadalafil on stone expulsion rate(SER)and stone expulsion time(SET),as well as their comparative safety,numbers of colic pain episodes,and need for analgesics.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were retrieved by searching PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science up to November 27,2023.Hand-searching was also conducted in Google Scholar to find additional records.Papers in English that compared the safety and efficacy of at least two of the above agents in adults with distal ureteral stones≤10 mm were included.Results:In total,27 studies were identified(six studies through database searches and 21 through checking reference lists and hand-searching in Google Scholar).More than half of them(n=15,56%)were conducted in India.The SER significantly improved with silodosin compared with tamsulosin(odds ratio[OR]2.24,p<0.001),whereas the difference in SET was non-significant.Tadalafil achieved a significantly higher SER compared with tamsulosin(OR 1.42,p=0.042)without any difference in SET.Subgroup analysis of 5-and 10-mg doses of tadalafil showed no significant difference in SER or SET.We found no significant difference in need for analgesics(mean difference(MD−53.73,p=0.2)or the mean number of colic episodes(MD−0.42,p=0.060)between tadalafil and tamsulosin.SER or SET was not significantly different between silodosin and tadalafil.Tadalafil plus tamsulosin led to a significantly higher SER(OR 1.87,p<0.001)and SET(MD−2.99,p=0.002)compared with tamsulosin,without any significant difference in adverse effects.Conclusion:Compared with tamsulosin,SER significantly improved with silodosin,tadalafil,and the combination of tadalafil plus tamsulosin.Meanwhile,the difference in SET was only significant between tadalafil plus tamsulosin versus tamsulosin.It appears that tadalafil and silodosin have similar efficacy in SET and SER.All medical expulsive therapies had comparable safety.展开更多
Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has b...Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met th...Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met the inclusion criteria.The participants reccived RCP vaccinc twice intramuscularly(on days 0 and 21)and intranasally on day 51.Safety was assessed up to 6 months after the second dose.Immunogenicity was assessed on days 35,90,and 180 by measuring ncutralizing antibody levels as well as anti-RBD and anti-S,IgG antibodies.Results:Among the 26 volunteers,22 were in the age group of 5-11 years,and 4 were in the agc group of 12-17 years.No grade 3 or higher local or systemic adverse reactions were reported one weck after vaccination.Sixabnormal laboratory findings were observed after both vaccine doses,none of which were classified as grade 3 or higher.During a total follow-up period of 3875 person-years,31 adverse events were recorded(incidence rate:0.008).The scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBD and anti-S:IgGantibodies two wecks after recciving the second dose were 72.7%,76.2%and 80.9%,respectively.In the 5-11 year agc group,the scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBDand anti-S_(1) were 78.9%,83.3%and 88.9%,respectively.Conclusions:Intramuscular and intranasal administration of the RCPvaccine did not lead to scrious adverse events in any of the children or adolescents.The vaccine clicited a robust response in the 5-11 year age group two wecks after the second dose.Considering that this group reccived half of the adult vaccine dose,these results support the suitability of this dose for the study group.展开更多
Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death i...Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.展开更多
Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades,stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide.According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates,stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 de...Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades,stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide.According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates,stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths(accounting for 7.7%of all cancer deaths),and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined.About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020(accounting for 5.6%of all cancer cases).About 75%of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia.Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors,with a five-year survival rate of around 20%.There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer:Helicobacter pylori infection,dietary factors,tobacco,obesity,and radiation.To date,the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors,as well as screening and early detection.Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention.Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries,either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only.Generally,due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity,stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.展开更多
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
文摘The Cuban people are made up of three major migratory currents, the Chinese are one of them. They brought their culture, the methods, and procedures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the 19th century. Few were able to return and so they created families in Cuba;some of their descendants dedicated themselves to medicine. In order to investigate the practices that were predecessors of TCM in Cuba in the 19th century, a qualitative phenomenological research was carried out, reviewing what was published by various sources, applying documentary analysis, logical historical analysis, abstraction, synthesis, and systematization of the results on the regularities of the work and human behavior of Chinese doctors in the Cuban 19th and 20th centuries. This made it possible to identify six Chinese doctors in the 19th century in Cuba who gave rise to the beginning of some practices of TCM in Cuba, and five from the 20th century, descendants of coolies who dedicated themselves to other specialties of medicine. It was found that despite their geographical and time disperse, they were all notorious for their outstanding professional and human behavior, with a trail of accumulated successes in achieving “almost the impossible” with the patient. They have left their mark on Cuban culture.
文摘Background: Lack of available reference values in a research setting under local conditions can be a drawback for beginners, as the accuracy of data from control samples cannot be checked at the beginning of a research project. This affects comparisons with data from test samples. To avoid these complications in their research projects,beginners tend to have a greater number of animals in the control group compared to test groups in order to have control group measurements within 2 SDs of the mean.Methods: As non-availability of reference values was a long-felt need, the described project was conducted in order to establish a reference database for selected haematological, biochemical and physiological parameters using apparently healthy Sprague-Dawley rats bred in the Animal House of Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo(UCFM).Results: Differences in mean values of packed cell volume(PCV), mean corpuscular volume(MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), serum creatinine and blood glucose levels between the two genders were statistically significant. Lipid profile measurements did not differ significantly between genders, but mean and median values of triglycerides(TG) between male and female rats showed a difference of more than 10 mg/dL. The liver enzymes alkaline phosphatase(AP)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were also statistically significantly different between sexes. Despite wide variation in mean alanine aminotransferase(ALT)between sexes, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion: The findings of this project should support to a certain extent the"Reduction" aspect of the 3 Rs concept of Russell and Burch by reducing the number of Sprague-Dawley rats used in future research projects at UCFM.
基金supported by the National Agency for Strategic Research in Medical Education of Iran(No.4000494).
文摘Objective:Faculty incivility is a growing problem in nursing schools that disrupts the learning process and affects nursing care of patients.Fostering and managing faculty incivility requires knowing this problem using a valid and reliable instrument.The purpose of this research was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire in the Iranian community.Methods:In this methodological study,the participants involved were 357 nursing students.They were selected between October and December 2019.The faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire was evaluated in terms of content and construct validity.McDonald’s omega and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were calculated.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire.Results:The content validity index(CVI)was 0.86-0.91 for the items and 0.87 for the whole instrument.In factor analysis,two factors of violent and irresponsible behaviors were extracted.These factors explained>41.769%of the variance.Model fit indices(Parsimonious Comparative Fit Index[PCFI]=0.783,Parsimonious Normed Fit Index[PNFI]=0.756,root mean square error of approximation[RMSEA]=0.051,Goodness-of-Fit Index[GFI]=0.955,Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index[AGFI]=0.932,Comparative Fit Index[CFI]=0.955,χ^(2)/df=2.26)indicated the proportion of factors.Internal consistency was 0.87-0.93.Conclusions:Faculty’s perceived incivility questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool with two factors that can be used to evaluate the incivility in Iranian faculty members.
文摘Dopamine,often termed the"feel-good"neurotransmitter,plays a crucial role in myriad physiological and psychological brain processes.While dopamine is primarily associated with pleasure,reward,and motivation,its effects can be quite complex;and this complexity is further compounded when examining how dopamine functions in typical versus disease-affected neural circuits.In pa rticula r,epilepsy,characte rized by heightened brain excitability,is linked to cognitive dysfunction,and dopamine is implicated in elements of both its pathology and treatment.Neuroscience has been successful in describing the synaptic abnormalities believed to contribute to memory issues in epilepsy,aiding in the search for effective therapies for what persists as a major medical issue.
文摘Background: Ureteral stones are the most common leading cause of acute flank pain. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical variables predicting spontaneous ureteral stone passage and determine the optimal size cut-off for predicting such passage. Method: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients presenting with acute renal colic at a urology outpatient clinic. Patients with ureteral stones ≤ 10 mm and no surgical intervention post-initial diagnosis, who attended follow-up visits, were included. Exclusion criteria comprised stone size > 1 cm, fever due to obstructive pyelonephritis, acute kidney injury, single kidney status, or bilateral ureteral obstruction. Results: Of 124 included patients, the spontaneous stone passage rate was 57.3%, with a mean passage time of 11.1 (SD 6.25) days. Bivariate analysis revealed that factors predicting spontaneous passage were stone size (p Conclusions: Stone size < 7 mm, UVJ or distal ureter location, emerged as key predictors of stone passage in nephrolithiasis, and stone size below 6.85 mm is a reasonable cut off to initiate MET rather than 10 mm.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST)-India for providing a departmental grant to the Department of Biochemistry,Central University of Punjab,Bathinda,India,in the form of a DST-Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure(FIST)grant。
文摘Microplastics (MPs), fluoride (FR), and fungicide mancozeb (MZ) are common contaminants in soil. However, there is no information about the combined impacts of MPs, FR, and MZ on tomato plant growth features in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the effects of combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ (both analytical grade and commercial) on the growth and development of tomato plants and metagenomics of rhizosphere soil. A pot experiment was set up in an artificial greenhouse with two sets of treatments. One set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and analytical grade MZ (B2) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W2), and the other set was the combined application of MPs, FR, and commercial MZ (B3) and a control without the application of MPs, FR, and MZ (W3). No detrimental effects of MPs, FR, and MZ were detected on the growth parameters of tomato plants, including the number of leaves and chlorophyll concentration. However, tomato roots showed knot and nodulation-type structures, and metabolomic profiling revealed that combined exposure to MPs, FR, and MZ profoundly reprogrammed the primary metabolism in tomato roots, with marked alterations in carbohydrate and amino acid pathways. Metagenome whole genome sequencing showed that the B2 and B3 treatments profoundly affected soil microbial community composition, diversity, gene abundances, and functional gene variations compared to W2 and W3. Proteobacteria became the dominating phylum in B2 and B3, causing a significant shift in the microbiome. Its abundance soared to 66.7% in B2 and 75.4% in B3, compared to only 35.9% in W2 and 28.9% in W3. On the other hand, Actinobacteria decreased significantly from 55.6% in W2 and 63.8% in W3 to 18.1% in B2 and 9.6% in B3. This study highlights the microbial shifts due to combined application of MPs, FR, and MZ, providing evidence for understanding their environmental risks.
基金supported by the First Department of Cardiology,School of Medicine in Katowice,Medical University of Silesia,Katowice,Poland.
文摘Background Delirium is a form of acute brain dysfunction and geriatric patients are particularly vulnerable to this health problem.The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of delirium and determine the risk factors for delirium in patients≥60 years of age hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods The study included 405 consecutive patients(mean age:73.1±8.5,males:61%)hospitalized due to AMI divided and characterized according to the in-hospital delirium presence.Results Of 405 patients,57(14%,mean age:80.9±7.3,males:58%)experienced delirium.Patients with delirium were older(80.9±7.3 vs.71.82±8.1 years),all of them presented multimorbidity,they more frequently used polypharmacy(96.5 vs.30.2%)and their hospitalization was longer(8.0±1.4 vs.4.6±1.0 days)as compared to the patients without delirium.Patients with delirium more frequently experience periprocedural complications as well as the in-hospital reversible problems:fever(40.4 vs.0.9%),infections(78.9 vs.3.7%),pulmonary oedema(73.7 vs.0.6%),hypoxemia(91.1 vs.98.3%),urinary catheter(96.5 vs.17.2%),dehydration(89.5 vs.6.6%),and insomnia(71.9 vs.0.3%)compared to patients without delirium(P<0.001 for all).Valvular heart disease(OR=4.78;95%CI:1.10-2.70;P<0.001,pulmonary oedema(OR=66.79;95%CI:12.04-370.34,P<0.001),and dehydration(OR=37.26;95%CI:10.50-132.27,P<0.001)were risk factors for delirium occurrence.Conclusions The in-hospital course of AMI is complicated by delirium occurrence in 14%of patients≥60 years old.Recognizing and modification of potential,reversible risk factors associated with AMI can reduce the risk of delirium.
文摘Liver cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,with hepatocellular carcinoma representing its most prevalent form.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the key factors driving the initiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma,with a particular emphasis on immune-related mechanisms.Furthermore,we delve into the emerging roles of galectins,particularly galectin-1 and galectin-3,in hepatocellular carcinoma pathobiology,underscoring their potential utility as biomarkers for assessing disease severity and progression.These insights contribute to a better understan-ding of the molecular and immunological underpinnings of hepatocellular carcinoma,paving the way for more targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金supported in part by KAKENHI Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research(#23K07089)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
文摘Positron emission tomography(PET)with F‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)is an established tool in clinical molecular imaging for evaluating metabolic activity.Advanced PET systems enable high‐resolution three‐dimensional analysis of FDG distribution,offering insightful information for lesion characterization.Furthermore,dynamic whole‐body imaging facilitates assessment of temporal FDG uptake following its administration.This development introduces the concept of four‐dimensional(4D)FDG PET/CT,enhancing the precision of lesion characterization.A critical advantage of applying 4D FDG PET/CT is the ability to distinguish pathological from physiological FDG uptake by analyzing motion‐related uptake.Correcting motion and integrating serial imaging data enable accurate interpretation.Additionally,FDG uptake quantification is possible using Patlak analysis.This review discusses innovative clinical applications and quantitative techniques for analyzing FDG distribution through 4D FDG PET/CT.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the dosing,efficacy and safety of the main antileishmanial agents amphotericin B(conventional or liposomal),pentavalent antimonials,miltefosine and paromomycin recommended for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in children.Methods:The efficacy and safety of visceral leishmaniasis treatments in children were systematically reviewed using literature from PubMed,Cochrane,clinicaltrials.gov,and Google Scholar,focusing on randomised trials with separate pediatric data(published from 2000-2024).The risk of bias of selected trials was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials(RoB 2).Reporting was done per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 checklist.Results:Of 1186 records,only 7 were eligible for qualitative synthesis.Three trials exclusively included children.The treatment regimens studied showed high heterogeneity and lacked sufficient data for a meta-analysis.Most trial arms reported efficacies over 94%for children across different regimens.Miltefosine monotherapy showed the highest rate of late treatment failures,highlighting that allometric dosing is crucial to ensure proper drug exposure in children.Safety data for children were available in only three studies with varied reporting systems of adverse events.Although regimens in this review were generally considered to be safe in children,antimonial-related cardiac toxicity remains a threat.Conclusions:This review highlights the need for pediatric-specific trials,clear presentation of pediatric data,and systematic documentation of adverse events to enhance evidence for policy-making and pediatric guideline development.
文摘Objective:To assess the hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of Lagerstroemia indica leaves on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_(4))-induced liver damage in rats.Methods:Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups:the normal control,the CCl_(4)group,the CCl_(4)group treated with silymarin(200 mg/kg)or Lagerstroemia indica extract(200 and 400 mg/kg).Oxidative stress,inflammatory,and apoptotic markers,as well as liver enzymes were analyzed.Histopathological studies were performed to examine the effect of the plant extract on liver structure.In addition,quantitative RT-PCR analysis was carried out to determine Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 expression.Results:Lagerstroemia indica extract significantly improved liver function by reducing aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,and bilirubin levels.It also enhanced the activities of catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase,increased glutathione content,and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde,nuclear factor kappa-B,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,cyclooxygenase-2,Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9.In addition,the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HMOX1,and NQO1 were markedly downregulated by treatment with Lagerstroemia indica extracts.Histopathological examination revealed the extract confered protection against CCl_(4)-induced liver damage as evidenced by reduced sinusoidal dilatation,thinner fibrotic septa,decreased vacuolar degeneration,and improved hepatic cord organization.Conclusions:Lagerstroemia indica extract possesses hepatoprotective activity by modulating the Nrf2-Keap1-HMOX1-NQO1 signaling pathway in a rat model of CCl_(4)-induced liver damage.
文摘BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation(AF)stands as the most prevalent type of arrhythmia,affecting approximately 60 million individuals world-wide.Although antiarrhythmic drugs(AADs)remain the gold standard for AF treatment,glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are arising as potential therapeutic alternatives.AIM To evaluate the impact of GLP-1 RAs on the incidence of AF.METHODS Inclusion criteria included systematic reviews(SRs)that based their analyses on clinical trials,observational studies,controlled trials and network meta-analyses.A total of 8 SRs were selected for data extraction,focusing on semaglutide,liraglutide and dulaglutide.Additionally,the effects of GLP-1 RAs on AF incidence were compared with those of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2)inhibitors.RESULTS Findings indicate that semaglutide,evaluated in the largest patient cohort across the 8 SRs,consistently reduced AF incidence.However,dulaglutide and liraglutide exhibited inconsistent effects.Notably,as opposed to variable outcomes associated with GLP-1 RAs,SGLT2 inhibitors a class of antidiabetic agents with weight-reducing properties exhibit significant cardiovascular benefits,including reductions in both AF and atrial flutter.CONCLUSION GLP-1 RAs emerge as a promising and potential alternative for AADs in reduction of incidence of AF.However,further research is required to fully determine their therapeutic potential and long-term cardiovascular effects.
文摘Objective:To investigate the influence of age,body mass index(BMI),varicocele,diabetes,tobacco use,and environmental occupational risks on sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)and its association with semen parameters and in vitro fertility(IVF)outcomes.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 116 infertile men.Conventional semen parameters were analyzed according to the World Health Organization criteria.Sperm DNA fragmentation was evaluated using sperm chromatin dispersion method.After visiting the infertility center,the men's height and weight were measured,and blood tests were performed to check for diabetes,and medical records were reviewed for varicocele,tobacco use,and type of occupation.The sperm was then examined for DFI.Then,the association between sperm DFI and IVF failure rate was investigated.Results:The study showed a significant association between DFI≥20%with BMI(OR 1.134,95%CI 1.04-1.24,P=0.006),varicocele(OR 4.330,95%CI 1.25-14.96,P=0.021),tobacco use(OR 3.066,95%CI 1.06-8.90,P=0.039)and environmental and occupational risks(OR 2.694,95%CI 1.08-6.75,P=0.034)as well as sperm motility(P<0.05).Although the amount of DNA damage increased in those aged≥40 years,there was no significant association between the amount of DFI≥≥20%and age,diabetes,sperm volume and concentration,morphology and progressive rate(P>0.05).The IVF failure rate was higher in people with a DFI≥20%.Conclusions:Factors such as BMI,varicocele,improper working conditions and environment cause damage to sperm DNA,and DFI≥20%damage can have adverse effects on IVF outcomes.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20231064)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M761345)+3 种基金Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A04J6615)Scientific Research Project of Southern Medical University Stomatological Hospital (PY2023004)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFA0805300)National Natural Science Foundation of China (82171244,32470564)。
文摘Severe combined immunodeficiency disease(SCID),characterized by profound immune system dysfunction,can lead to life-threatening infections and death.Animal models play a pivotal role in elucidating biological processes and advancing therapeutic strategies.Recent advances in gene-editing technologies,including zincfinger nucleases(ZFNs),transcription activator-like effector nucleases(TALENs),CRISPR/Cas9,and base editing,have significantly enhanced the generation of SCID models.These models have not only deepened our understanding of disease pathophysiology but have also driven progress in cancer therapy,stem cell transplantation,organ transplantation,and infectious diseasemanagement.Thisreviewprovidesa comprehensive overview of current SCID models generated using novel gene-editing approaches,highlighting their potential applications in translational medicine and their role in advancing biomedical research.
文摘Objective:Medical expulsive therapy(MET)is a suitable option for facilitating stone expulsion in patients with distal ureteral stones.This meta-analysis was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of monotherapy and combination therapy with tamsulosin,silodosin,and tadalafil on stone expulsion rate(SER)and stone expulsion time(SET),as well as their comparative safety,numbers of colic pain episodes,and need for analgesics.Methods:Randomized controlled trials were retrieved by searching PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science up to November 27,2023.Hand-searching was also conducted in Google Scholar to find additional records.Papers in English that compared the safety and efficacy of at least two of the above agents in adults with distal ureteral stones≤10 mm were included.Results:In total,27 studies were identified(six studies through database searches and 21 through checking reference lists and hand-searching in Google Scholar).More than half of them(n=15,56%)were conducted in India.The SER significantly improved with silodosin compared with tamsulosin(odds ratio[OR]2.24,p<0.001),whereas the difference in SET was non-significant.Tadalafil achieved a significantly higher SER compared with tamsulosin(OR 1.42,p=0.042)without any difference in SET.Subgroup analysis of 5-and 10-mg doses of tadalafil showed no significant difference in SER or SET.We found no significant difference in need for analgesics(mean difference(MD−53.73,p=0.2)or the mean number of colic episodes(MD−0.42,p=0.060)between tadalafil and tamsulosin.SER or SET was not significantly different between silodosin and tadalafil.Tadalafil plus tamsulosin led to a significantly higher SER(OR 1.87,p<0.001)and SET(MD−2.99,p=0.002)compared with tamsulosin,without any significant difference in adverse effects.Conclusion:Compared with tamsulosin,SER significantly improved with silodosin,tadalafil,and the combination of tadalafil plus tamsulosin.Meanwhile,the difference in SET was only significant between tadalafil plus tamsulosin versus tamsulosin.It appears that tadalafil and silodosin have similar efficacy in SET and SER.All medical expulsive therapies had comparable safety.
文摘Background and objectives:The ongoing mpox outbreaks have garnered significant attention due to their public health implications,particularly the potential mental health impacts.Despite the growing concern,there has been limited exploration of the intersection between mpox and mental health within the research literature.This study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to examine global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic focus areas related to mpox's psychological and psychiatric implications.Methods:We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus and the Web of Science database.The analysis was carried out using the R-bibliometrics package and involved identifying literature on mpox and mental health,focusing on global research trends,regional distribution,and thematic areas of study.The analysis included 416 documents obtained from 295 sources from January 1,2014 to August 27,2024.Results:Our analysis revealed a growing but unevenly distributed literature on mpox and mental health.Most studies concentrated on the relationship between mpox and conditions such as depression and anxiety,while other psychiatric outcomes remain underexplored.The geographic distribution of research was also uneven,with regions like Europe and the Americas receiving more focus than others.Conclusions:The study highlights the need for more targeted research on the mental health sequelae of mpox,particularly for vulnerable populations and regions that are currently underrepresented in the literature.Future research should include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of mpox on mental health and the development of robust methodologies to establish causality.Integrating mental health considerations into public health responses to mpox outbreaks is crucial,with significant implications for research,policy,and clinical practice.
基金supported by the Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute(RVSRI)Karaj,Iran,(No.17-18-18-063-01047-011130).
文摘Objective:To investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the RAZI Cov Pars(RCP)vaccine in children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.Methods:In this open-label,single arm trial,26 of the 68 registered volunteers met the inclusion criteria.The participants reccived RCP vaccinc twice intramuscularly(on days 0 and 21)and intranasally on day 51.Safety was assessed up to 6 months after the second dose.Immunogenicity was assessed on days 35,90,and 180 by measuring ncutralizing antibody levels as well as anti-RBD and anti-S,IgG antibodies.Results:Among the 26 volunteers,22 were in the age group of 5-11 years,and 4 were in the agc group of 12-17 years.No grade 3 or higher local or systemic adverse reactions were reported one weck after vaccination.Sixabnormal laboratory findings were observed after both vaccine doses,none of which were classified as grade 3 or higher.During a total follow-up period of 3875 person-years,31 adverse events were recorded(incidence rate:0.008).The scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBD and anti-S:IgGantibodies two wecks after recciving the second dose were 72.7%,76.2%and 80.9%,respectively.In the 5-11 year agc group,the scroconversion rates for VNT,anti-RBDand anti-S_(1) were 78.9%,83.3%and 88.9%,respectively.Conclusions:Intramuscular and intranasal administration of the RCPvaccine did not lead to scrious adverse events in any of the children or adolescents.The vaccine clicited a robust response in the 5-11 year age group two wecks after the second dose.Considering that this group reccived half of the adult vaccine dose,these results support the suitability of this dose for the study group.
文摘Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. Based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates, pancreatic cancer causes more than 331000 deaths per year, ranking as the seventh leading cause of cancer death in both sexes together. Globally, about 338000 people had pancreatic cancer in 2012, making it the 11^(th) most common cancer. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends for pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality varied considerably in the world. A known cause of pancreatic cancer is tobacco smoking. This risk factor is likely to explain some of the international variations and gender differences. The overall five-year survival rate is about 6%(ranges from 2% to 9%), but this vary very small between developed and developing countries. To date, the causes of pancreatic cancer are still insufficiently known, although certain risk factors have been identified, such as smoking, obesity, genetics, diabetes, diet, inactivity. There are no current screening recommendations for pancreatic cancer, so primary prevention is of utmost importance. A better understanding of the etiology and identifying the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
文摘Despite a decline in incidence and mortality during the last decades,stomach cancer is one of the main health challenges worldwide.According to the GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates,stomach cancer caused approximately 800000 deaths(accounting for 7.7%of all cancer deaths),and ranks as the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in both genders combined.About 1.1 million new cases of stomach cancer were diagnosed in 2020(accounting for 5.6%of all cancer cases).About 75%of all new cases and all deaths from stomach cancer are reported in Asia.Stomach cancer is one of the most lethal malignant tumors,with a five-year survival rate of around 20%.There are some well-established risk factors for stomach cancer:Helicobacter pylori infection,dietary factors,tobacco,obesity,and radiation.To date,the most important way of preventing stomach cancer is reduced exposure to risk factors,as well as screening and early detection.Further research on risk factors can help identify various opportunities for more effective prevention.Screening programs for stomach cancer have been implemented in a few countries,either as a national or opportunistic screening of high-risk individuals only.Generally,due to its high aggressiveness and heterogeneity,stomach cancer still remains a severe global health problem.
