The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient uti...The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.展开更多
Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising ...Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.展开更多
AIM:To examine the ocular toxicity linked to sildenafilusage and the possible protective benefits of adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)against this toxicity in rats.METHODS:Twenty-four male albino Wistar-type ratswere divided...AIM:To examine the ocular toxicity linked to sildenafilusage and the possible protective benefits of adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)against this toxicity in rats.METHODS:Twenty-four male albino Wistar-type ratswere divided into four equal groups(n=6/group)as follows:healthy group(HG),ATP-only group(ATPG),sildenafil-onlygroup(SILG),and ATP+sildenafil group(ATP+SLD).ATPG andATP+SLD groups were injected intraperitoneally with ATP(4 mg/kg),while SILG and HG groups were injected withsaline(0.9%NaCl)by the same route as a solvent.One hourafter the administration of ATP and solvent,sildenafil(10 m g/k g)was administered orally to the SILG andATP+SLD groups.This procedure was repeated once a dayfor 4wk.The animals were then sacrificed,eyeballs wereremoved and oxidant and antioxidant parameters weremeasured biochemically.Additionally,the ocular tissueswere evaluated histopathologically.RESULTS:Sildenafil increased oxidant(malondialdehyde)levels and decreased antioxidant levels(total glutathione,superoxide dismutase,catalase)in rat ocular tissues andcaused severe oxidative stress.In addition,sildenafil hasbeen shown histopathologically to cause oxidative damagein retinal layers.ATP treatment suppressed oxidative stressand attenuated histopathological damage in the retinal layers.CONCLUSION:ATP protects retinal tissue againstsildenafil-induced ocular oxidative damage in rats andmay contribute to the development of novel approaches toprevent or treat this damage.展开更多
Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness ...Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness to study engagement remain underexplored.This cross-sectional study surveyed 688 Chinese university students(females=413,mean age=20.3,SD=0.83),using validated self-report measures of mindfulness,positive and negative emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement.Structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrap analyses(5000 resamples)revealed that mindfulness directly enhanced positive emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement,while reducing negative emotions.Positive emotions partially mediated the positive effect of mindfulness on psychological capital and study engagement.Negative emotions partially and negatively mediated only the mindfulness-psychological capital link.Psychological capital independently mediated the mindfulness-engagement relationship,and two sequential mediation pathways emerged:(a)mindfulness→positive emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement and(b)mindfulness→reduced negative emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement.Consistent with broaden-and-build(B&B)theory and Conservation of Resources(COR)theory,these findings suggest that mindfulness fosters study engagement primarily by promoting positive emotional experiences and strengthening psychological capital.By implication,university student support programs should employ mindfulness-based interventions to cultivate emotional and psychological resources for higher students’engagement and overall well-being.展开更多
A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative...A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is thought to reflect lysosome dysfunction,lipid accumulation may also contribute to and be indicative of severe lysosomal dysfunction.Much is known about the detrimental effects of glucosylceramide accumulation in PD lysosomes.展开更多
The rising incidence of dementia and associated neurodegenerative disorders poses a growing public health challenge.These conditions have traditionally been studied as isolated central nervous system disorders;however...The rising incidence of dementia and associated neurodegenerative disorders poses a growing public health challenge.These conditions have traditionally been studied as isolated central nervous system disorders;however,emerging evidence suggests that broader systemic factors,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,metabolic dysfunction,and genetic susceptibility,may also play a role.This review ex-amines the interconnection between autoimmune diseases and metabolic syndromes in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of neurodegeneration.Conditions such as rheu-matoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,and type 1 diabetes mellitus have been associated with a heightened risk of developing dementia through chronic immune activation,blood-brain barrier disruption,and neuroinflammatory signaling.Similarly,metabolic disorders such as diabesity promote insulin resistance and oxidative stress,accelerating cognitive decline.The review also discusses glaucoma as a neurodegenera-tive condition with autoimmune features,underscoring the need for expanded classifi-cation and treatment strategies.A key focus is the utilization of the Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model,which enables the study of gene-environment interactions across genetically diverse backgrounds.Findings from CC mice reveal strain-dependent sus-ceptibility to inflammation,cognitive impairment,and gut-brain axis dysfunction,pro-viding a translational bridge to human variability.This review highlights the importance of integrating precision-based approaches to dementia research that consider systemic influences.Advancing our understanding of these multiorgan interactions holds po-tential for designing precision-based therapeutic approaches to postpone the onset or reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative conditions.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess...Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.展开更多
Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study e...Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.展开更多
In this work,a computational modelling and analysis framework is developed to investigate the thermal buckling behavior of doubly-curved composite shells reinforced with graphene-origami(G-Ori)auxetic metamaterials.A ...In this work,a computational modelling and analysis framework is developed to investigate the thermal buckling behavior of doubly-curved composite shells reinforced with graphene-origami(G-Ori)auxetic metamaterials.A semi-analytical formulation based on the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT)and the principle of virtual displacements is established,and closed-form solutions are derived via Navier’s method for simply supported boundary conditions.The G-Ori metamaterial reinforcements are treated as programmable constructs whose effective thermo-mechanical properties are obtained via micromechanical homogenization and incorporated into the shell model.A comprehensive parametric study examines the influence of folding geometry,dispersion arrangement,reinforcement weight fraction,curvature parameters,and elastic foundation support on the critical buckling temperature(CBT).The results reveal that,under optimal folding geometry and reinforcement alignment with principal stress trajectories,the CBT can increase by more than 150%.Furthermore,the combined effect of G-Ori reinforcement and elastic foundation substantially enhances thermal buckling resistance.These findings establish design guidelines for architected composite shells in applications such as aerospace thermal skins,morphing structures,and thermally-responsive systems,and illustrate the potential of auxetic graphene metamaterials for multifunctional,lightweight,and thermally robust structural components.展开更多
Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is es...Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.展开更多
The rise in urbanization has increasingly restricted access to natural environments,posing substantial risks to the physical and mental health of urban populations,including university students and other high-stress g...The rise in urbanization has increasingly restricted access to natural environments,posing substantial risks to the physical and mental health of urban populations,including university students and other high-stress groups.This study examines the comparative effects of outdoor forest meditation(OFM)and indoor nature meditation(INM)in simulated nature environments(SNEs)on the physiological and psychological health of university students.A pretestposttest repeated measures design was employed,with 40students participating in three replicated OFM sessions and three identical INM sessions across varied SNE settings.Key physiological metrics,including heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),and salivary amylase concentration(SAC),were measured before and after each session.Psychological well-being was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10)and Profile of Mood States(POMS).Results revealed significant reductions(p<0.05)in most post-intervention outcomes,except in the second indoor session across physiologic al and psychologic al responses,while multi-sensory INM sessions produced comparable benefits.Notably,SNEs with enhanced sensory components were effective,though slightly less impactful than OFM.These findings suggest that both OFM in nature and INM in SNEs can benefit university students'well-being.INM in SNEs offers a promising alternative for those with limited access to natural settings,contributing meaningfully to stress reduction and overall well-being.This study highlights the potential for nature-based strategies for human health in urban centres,advocating for further investigation into the long-term impacts of SNEs and optimal sensory configurations for maximizing therapeutic effects in urban populations.展开更多
Upper Andean tropical forests are renowned for their extraordinary biodiversity and heterogeneous environmental conditions.Despite the critical role of litter decomposition in carbon and nutrient cycles,its dynamics i...Upper Andean tropical forests are renowned for their extraordinary biodiversity and heterogeneous environmental conditions.Despite the critical role of litter decomposition in carbon and nutrient cycles,its dynamics in this region remains unexplored at finer scales.This study investigates how micro site conditions influence litter decomposition of 15 upper Andean species over time.A reciprocal translocation field experiment was conducted over 18 months in 14 permanent plots within four sites in Colombian Andean mountain forests.Each plot contained three litterbeds(microsites),each with the 15 species,harvested at 3,6,12 and 18 months,totaling 2520 litterbags.Different forest variables,including canopy openness,leaf area index,slope and depth of litter,were measured in each litterbed.ANOVAs and linear mixed models were used to assess variation between sites and plots respectively,while multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the effects of forest variables on decay rates over time at the micro site scale.Results showed differences in absolute decay rates between sites but consistent relative decay rates,indicating varying magnitudes of decomposition,yet maintaining the same order based on their litter quality.Decay rates varied between species,with more variation in labile species compared to recalcitrant ones.Despite substantial variation in forest characteristics within sites,their influence on litter decomposition was minimal and declined over time.This suggests that,at finer spatial scales,the forest microenvironment plays a lesser role in litter decomposition,with litter quality emerging as the primary driver.This study is a step towards understanding the fine-scale dynamics of litter decomposition in upper Andean tropical forests,highlighting the intricate interplay between microenvironmental factors and decomposition processes.展开更多
This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A tempe...This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A temperature-indexed Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP)framework incorporating bond–slip effects was developed in Abaqus to capture both global stress–strain responses and localized damage evolution.Uniaxial compression tests on thermally exposed cylinders provided residual strength data and failure observations for model calibration and validation.Results demonstrated a distinct two-stage degradation regime:moderate stiffness and strength reduction up to~400℃,followed by sharp deterioration beyond 500℃–600℃,with residual capacity at 700℃reduced to~20%–25%of the ambient value.Strain–damage analyses revealed the formation of a peripheral tensile strain band,which thickened and propagated inward with increasing temperature,governing crack initiation and cover spalling.Supplemental analyses highlighted that transverse reinforcement improved ductility and damage distribution at moderate temperatures(~300℃),but bond deterioration and steel softening beyond~600℃substantially diminished confinement effectiveness.The proposed CDP model accurately reproduced experimental stress–strain curves(R^(2)≈0.94–0.98 up to 600℃;≈0.90 at 700℃),with peak stress errors within 7%–10%and energy absorption captured within~12%.These findings confirm the robustness of the temperature-indexed CDP framework for simulating fire-damaged reinforced concrete and provide practical guidelines for post-fire assessment,spalling detection,and fire-resilient design of structural members.展开更多
This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for ...This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.展开更多
The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)ve...The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.展开更多
The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and ex...The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and exploration wells.The Republic of Croatia has around 4000 wells,however,due to a long period since most of these wells were drilled and completed,there is uncertainty about how many are available for retrofitting as deep-borehole heat exchangers.Nevertheless,as hydrocarbon production decreases,it is expected that the number of wells available for the revitalization and exploitation of geothermal energy will increase.The revitalization of wells via deep-borehole heat exchangers involves installing a coaxial heat exchanger and circulating the working fluid in a closed system,during which heat is transferred from the surrounding rock medium to the circulating fluid.Since drilled wells are not of uniformdepth and are located in areas with different thermal rock properties and geothermal gradients,an analysis was conducted to determine available thermal energy as a function of well depth,geothermal gradient,and circulating fluid flow rate.Additionally,an economic analysis was performed to determine the benefits of retrofitting existing assets,such as drilled wells,compared to drilling new wells to obtain the same amount of thermal energy.展开更多
Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field o...Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field observations,petrography,mineral chemistry(EMPA),and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate its petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution,and rare-metal potential.HGAFG comprises two cogenetic varieties,alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite-bearing granite,hosting rare-metal minerals such as zircon,fluorite,columbite and apatite.HGAFG exhibits diagnostic A-type geochemical characteristics,including high SiO₂contents(73.81-77.86 wt%),metaluminous to mildly peralkaline composition(ASI:0.92-1.03),enrichment in HFSE(Zr≈791.80 ppm,Nb≈68.12 ppm,Y≈90.81 ppm)andΣREE(103.40-475.57 ppm),and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.07-0.20).Zircon saturation thermometry yields high crystallization temperatures(TZr≈908.87℃)and low emplacement pressures(1.46 kbar)under reducing conditions(ƒO_(2)≈−11.5).The mineralogical and geochemical results reveal that HGAFG originated from a hybrid,fluorine-rich magma generated by anatexis of lower crust,followed by extensive fractional crystallization,during late post-collisional extension associated with lithospheric delamination.The reduced nature and fluorine enrichment of HGAFG magma promoted the mineralization of Nb-Ta-REE phases,highlighting its significance as a fertile,high-temperature product of the terminal magmatic stage in ANS evolution.展开更多
The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents t...The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents the integration of morphometric indices to quantitatively assess the spatial variation of tectonic activity along the AFZ.The AFZ is an active fault with both strike-slip and normal fault components and consists of two main branches,Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault(MÇF)and Tokat Fault(TF)segments.This study aims to assess the relative tectonic activity of the AFZ using various morphometric indices,based on a 10 m resolution DEM,with the aid of ArcGIS and MATLAB software.For this purpose,morphometric indices such as hypsometric integral(HI:0.35-0.65),mountain front sinuosity(Smf:1.3-1.44),valley floor width-height ratio(Vf:0.15-2.28),asymmetry factor(AF:23-77),drainage basin shape(Bs:1.13-6.10)and normalized steepness index(ksn:1-498)were applied to 53 drainage basins.When the Smf and mean Vf indices results were evaluated,it was calculated that the uplift ratio of the region was more than 0.5 mm/yr.The spatial distribution of the relative tectonic activity(Iat)of the area was revealed by combining the obtained morphometric indices analysis results.According to the Iat result,it was concluded that the MercimekdağıÇamdere Fault and Tokat Fault segments have high tectonic activity,but the Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault segment has higher tectonic activity.The results obtained were also confirmed by field observations.This research provides valuable information for the evaluation of tectonic activity in drainage systems controlled by splay faults.展开更多
Breast cancer screening programs rely heavily on mammography for early detection;however,diagnostic performance is strongly affected by inter-reader variability,breast density,and the limitations of conven-tional comp...Breast cancer screening programs rely heavily on mammography for early detection;however,diagnostic performance is strongly affected by inter-reader variability,breast density,and the limitations of conven-tional computer-aided detection systems.Recent advances in deep learning have enabled more robust and scalable solutions for large-scale screening,yet a systematic comparison of modern object detection architectures on nationally representative datasets remains limited.This study presents a comprehensive quantitative comparison of prominent deep learning–based object detection architectures for Artificial Intelligence-assisted mammography analysis using the MammosighTR dataset,developed within the Turkish National Breast Cancer Screening Program.The dataset comprises 12,740 patient cases collected between 2016 and 2022,annotated with BI-RADS categories,breast density levels,and lesion localization labels.A total of 31 models were evaluated,including One-Stage,Two-Stage,and Transformer-based architectures,under a unified experimental framework at both patient and breast levels.The results demonstrate that Two-Stage architectures consistently outperform One-Stage models,achieving approximately 2%–4%higher Macro F1-Scores and more balanced precision–recall trade-offs,with Double-Head R-CNN and Dynamic R-CNN yielding the highest overall performance(Macro F1≈0.84–0.86).This advantage is primarily attributed to the region proposal mechanism and improved class balance inherent to Two-Stage designs.One-Stage detectors exhibited higher sensitivity and faster inference,reaching Recall values above 0.88,but experienced minor reductions in Precision and overall accuracy(≈1%–2%)compared with Two-Stage models.Among Transformer-based architectures,Deformable DEtection TRansformer demonstrated strong robustness and consistency across datasets,achieving Macro F1-Scores comparable to CNN-based detectors(≈0.83–0.85)while exhibiting minimal performance degradation under distributional shifts.Breast density–based analysis revealed increased misclassification rates in medium-density categories(types B and C),whereas Transformer-based architectures maintained more stable performance in high-density type D tissue.These findings quantitatively confirm that both architectural design and tissue characteristics play a decisive role in diagnostic accuracy.Overall,the study provides a reproducible benchmark and highlights the potential of hybrid approaches that combine the accuracy of Two-Stage detectors with the contextual modeling capability of Transformer architectures for clinically reliable breast cancer screening systems.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Excellent Youth Scholars Program of State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resource Clean Utilization,Kunming University of Science and Technology,China(No.YXQN-2024003)the Central Government-Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,China(No.202407AB110022)。
文摘The rapid advancement of modern science and technology,coupled with the recent surge in new-energy electric vehicles,has significantly boosted the demand for lithium.This has promoted the development and efficient utilization of lepidolite as a lithium source.Therefore,the processes for the flotation of lepidolite have been studied in depth,particularly the development and use of lepidolite flotation collectors and the action mechanism of the collectors on the lepidolite surface.Based on the crystal-structure characteristics of lepidolite minerals,this review focuses on the application of anionic collectors,amine cationic collectors(primary amines,quaternary ammonium salts,ether amines,and Gemini amines),and combined collectors to the flotation behavior of lepidolite as well as the adsorption mechanisms.New directions and technologies for the controllable flotation of lepidolite are proposed,including process improvement,reagent synthesis,and mechanistic research.This analysis demonstrates the need for the further study of the complex environment inside lepidolite and pulp.By using modern analytical detection methods and quantum chemical calculations,research on reagents for the flotation of lepidolite has expanded,providing new concepts and references for the efficient flotation recovery and utilization of lepidolite.
文摘Background:Insufficient physical activity and prolonged sedentary behavior have emerged as major global public health challenges.Short bouts(≤10 min)of accumulated exercise(SBAE)throughout the day may be a promising strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged sitting and promote physical activity,ultimately promoting overall health.However,previous ambiguity in defining this concept has resulted in a fragmented and inconsistent evidence base,impeding practical applications,the development of guidelines,and policymaking.The purpose of this study is to establish an operational definition of SBAE by synthesizing systematic reviews and research trials alongside an expert consensus.Additionally,it seeks to evaluate acute and long-term efficacy and feasibility,providing evidence-based recommendations for practice and future research directions.Methods:A literature search was performed across PubMed and Web of Science,followed by systematic screening and summarization of eligible studies based on predefined inclusion criteria.Inclusion criteria encompassed various modes/types of SBAE(bouts lasting≤10 min,performed multiple times daily with≥30 min intervals);both aerobic and resistance exercise were considered.Relevant systematic reviews and research trials were included.Methodological quality,risk of bias,and evidence certainty were assessed.Expert consensus was obtained through a survey to evaluate recommendations and agreement levels on findings.Results:After analyzing 27 systematic reviews,135 research studies,and an expert consensus involving 48 researchers from 11 countries,SBAE is defined as any exercise mode of activity,regardless of intensity,that is accumulated in either continuous or intermittent bouts lasting≤10 min per session(including multiple intermittent sets)that are performed multiple times(≥2 sessions/day)per day,with intervals of≥30 min between bouts or otherwise sufficient time for recovery.When used to interrupt prolonged periods of sedentary time,SBAE mitigates the acute adverse effects of sedentary behavior on more than 10 clinical biomarkers of endocrine,cardiovascular,and brain health/function among adults of diverse ages and conditions.Moreover,SBAE was superior for improving acute glycemic control compared to a single continuous exercise session.As a long-term intervention(average of 11 weeks),SBAE can improve over 20 health outcomes,including peak oxygen uptake,resting blood pressure,and metabolic health.Additionally,SBAE might be more effective than continuous exercise for improving longer-term glycemic control and body composition.Long-term completion rates for SBAE interventions are generally high(95%),with low dropout rates(12%)and high adherence rates even without supervision(85%),and its safety has been preliminarily validated.Conclusion:An operational definition of SBAE is provided along with its classification and acute and long-term efficacy.Practical exercise prescription recommendations and evidence-based strategies for various populations and contexts are provided.Future research should focus on generating high-quality evidence for SBAE in 5 key areas:quantification and monitoring,population-specific responses,optimization of exercise prescriptions,intervention efficacy,and practical implementation.Additionally,addressing policy,environmental,and promotional barriers is crucial for transitioning from expert consensus to public consensus,and for facilitating the application of this strategy in real-world environments.
文摘AIM:To examine the ocular toxicity linked to sildenafilusage and the possible protective benefits of adenosinetriphosphate(ATP)against this toxicity in rats.METHODS:Twenty-four male albino Wistar-type ratswere divided into four equal groups(n=6/group)as follows:healthy group(HG),ATP-only group(ATPG),sildenafil-onlygroup(SILG),and ATP+sildenafil group(ATP+SLD).ATPG andATP+SLD groups were injected intraperitoneally with ATP(4 mg/kg),while SILG and HG groups were injected withsaline(0.9%NaCl)by the same route as a solvent.One hourafter the administration of ATP and solvent,sildenafil(10 m g/k g)was administered orally to the SILG andATP+SLD groups.This procedure was repeated once a dayfor 4wk.The animals were then sacrificed,eyeballs wereremoved and oxidant and antioxidant parameters weremeasured biochemically.Additionally,the ocular tissueswere evaluated histopathologically.RESULTS:Sildenafil increased oxidant(malondialdehyde)levels and decreased antioxidant levels(total glutathione,superoxide dismutase,catalase)in rat ocular tissues andcaused severe oxidative stress.In addition,sildenafil hasbeen shown histopathologically to cause oxidative damagein retinal layers.ATP treatment suppressed oxidative stressand attenuated histopathological damage in the retinal layers.CONCLUSION:ATP protects retinal tissue againstsildenafil-induced ocular oxidative damage in rats andmay contribute to the development of novel approaches toprevent or treat this damage.
文摘Mindfulness would enhance university students’emotional well-being and study engagement.However,the role of affect(positive and negative emotions)and psychological resources(psychological capital)linking mindfulness to study engagement remain underexplored.This cross-sectional study surveyed 688 Chinese university students(females=413,mean age=20.3,SD=0.83),using validated self-report measures of mindfulness,positive and negative emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement.Structural equation modeling and bias-corrected bootstrap analyses(5000 resamples)revealed that mindfulness directly enhanced positive emotions,psychological capital,and study engagement,while reducing negative emotions.Positive emotions partially mediated the positive effect of mindfulness on psychological capital and study engagement.Negative emotions partially and negatively mediated only the mindfulness-psychological capital link.Psychological capital independently mediated the mindfulness-engagement relationship,and two sequential mediation pathways emerged:(a)mindfulness→positive emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement and(b)mindfulness→reduced negative emotions→psychological capital→higher study engagement.Consistent with broaden-and-build(B&B)theory and Conservation of Resources(COR)theory,these findings suggest that mindfulness fosters study engagement primarily by promoting positive emotional experiences and strengthening psychological capital.By implication,university student support programs should employ mindfulness-based interventions to cultivate emotional and psychological resources for higher students’engagement and overall well-being.
文摘A key pathological feature of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is that lysosomes are overwhelmed with cellular materials that need to be degraded and cleared.While the build-up of protein is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and is thought to reflect lysosome dysfunction,lipid accumulation may also contribute to and be indicative of severe lysosomal dysfunction.Much is known about the detrimental effects of glucosylceramide accumulation in PD lysosomes.
文摘The rising incidence of dementia and associated neurodegenerative disorders poses a growing public health challenge.These conditions have traditionally been studied as isolated central nervous system disorders;however,emerging evidence suggests that broader systemic factors,including chronic inflammation,immune dysregulation,metabolic dysfunction,and genetic susceptibility,may also play a role.This review ex-amines the interconnection between autoimmune diseases and metabolic syndromes in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of neurodegeneration.Conditions such as rheu-matoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,and type 1 diabetes mellitus have been associated with a heightened risk of developing dementia through chronic immune activation,blood-brain barrier disruption,and neuroinflammatory signaling.Similarly,metabolic disorders such as diabesity promote insulin resistance and oxidative stress,accelerating cognitive decline.The review also discusses glaucoma as a neurodegenera-tive condition with autoimmune features,underscoring the need for expanded classifi-cation and treatment strategies.A key focus is the utilization of the Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model,which enables the study of gene-environment interactions across genetically diverse backgrounds.Findings from CC mice reveal strain-dependent sus-ceptibility to inflammation,cognitive impairment,and gut-brain axis dysfunction,pro-viding a translational bridge to human variability.This review highlights the importance of integrating precision-based approaches to dementia research that consider systemic influences.Advancing our understanding of these multiorgan interactions holds po-tential for designing precision-based therapeutic approaches to postpone the onset or reduce the incidence of neurodegenerative conditions.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘Root-zone temperature(RZT)strongly affects plant growth,nutrient uptake and tolerance to environmental stress,making its regulation a key challenge in greenhouse cultivation in cold climates.This study aimed to assess the potential of passive techniques,namely black polyethylene mulch and row covers,for modifying RZT dynamics in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)production and to evaluate the predictive performance of the eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGBoost)algorithm.Experiments were conducted in Iğdır,Türkiye,over a 61-day period,with soil temperature continuously monitored at depths of 1-30 cm under mulched and non-mulched conditions,alongside measurements of greenhouse air temperature both with and without row covers.The application of row covers increased internal air temperature by 5.8℃,while mulching raised RZT by 0.6-1.3℃,with effects diminishing at deeper layers.XGBoost modeling achieved high predictive accuracy,with RMSE values of 0.150-0.189◦C and R^(2)values above 0.99,and feature-importance analysis indicated that neighboring soil depths were the strongest predictors of RZT.These findings show that integrating row covers and mulching can stabilize the root-zone microclimate without active heating.The XGBoost model provides a robust tool for forecasting soil temperature and supports sustainable greenhouse production in cold regions.
文摘Background:Maternal mental health literacy is a cognitive resource that may support preschoolers’emotional development,yet its influence on emotional regulation and the related mechanisms remains unclear.This study examined whether maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting form a chain pathway linking maternal mental health literacy to preschoolers’emotional regulation ability.Methods:Mothers of 544 preschoolers in China’s Mainland completed an online questionnaire that assessed maternal mental health literacy,depressive mood,democratic parenting,and child emotional regulation.Structural path analysis was conducted with child age and gender controlled.Indirect effects were tested using 5000 bootstrap samples.Results:Maternal mental health literacy did not directly predict preschoolers’emotional regulation.Three indirect effects were significant.The pathway through depressive mood had an effect of 0.005,the pathway through democratic parenting had an effect of 0.004,and the chain pathway through depressive mood and democratic parenting had an effect of 0.002.All confidence intervals excluded 0.Conclusion:Maternal mental health literacy influences preschoolers’emotional regulation only through maternal depressive mood and democratic parenting,indicating that cognitive resources affect child emotional outcomes through emotional and behavioral processes rather than a direct pathway.
文摘In this work,a computational modelling and analysis framework is developed to investigate the thermal buckling behavior of doubly-curved composite shells reinforced with graphene-origami(G-Ori)auxetic metamaterials.A semi-analytical formulation based on the First-Order Shear Deformation Theory(FSDT)and the principle of virtual displacements is established,and closed-form solutions are derived via Navier’s method for simply supported boundary conditions.The G-Ori metamaterial reinforcements are treated as programmable constructs whose effective thermo-mechanical properties are obtained via micromechanical homogenization and incorporated into the shell model.A comprehensive parametric study examines the influence of folding geometry,dispersion arrangement,reinforcement weight fraction,curvature parameters,and elastic foundation support on the critical buckling temperature(CBT).The results reveal that,under optimal folding geometry and reinforcement alignment with principal stress trajectories,the CBT can increase by more than 150%.Furthermore,the combined effect of G-Ori reinforcement and elastic foundation substantially enhances thermal buckling resistance.These findings establish design guidelines for architected composite shells in applications such as aerospace thermal skins,morphing structures,and thermally-responsive systems,and illustrate the potential of auxetic graphene metamaterials for multifunctional,lightweight,and thermally robust structural components.
文摘Arid and semi-arid ecosystems are prone to extensive fires due to specific climatic conditions,sparse vegetation cover,and high density of fine fuels.Understanding the flammability characteristics of land covers is essential for fire management and designing land restoration programs in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.This study provided a new approach to evaluate the flammability of shrublands and woodlands using flammability indices(FIs)including time to ignition(TI),duration of combustion(DC),and flame height(FH)of plant species and their relative frequencies in the Dalfard Basin of southeastern Iran.The results showed that there was a significant difference in FIs between land covers.Shrublands had higher flammability potential compared with woodlands.Plant moisture content had a negative relationship with TI(P<0.010)and no significant relationship with DC and FH(P>0.050).Artemisia spp.,Astragalus gossypinus Fischer,Amygdalus scoparia Spach,and Cymbopogon jwarancusa(Jones)Schult.had the highest FI.Tree species such as Rhazya stricta Decne.,and Pistacia atlantica Desf.showed greater resistance to fire.Using principal component analysis,the relationship between species and FIs was examined,and TI of wet fuel was the most important FI in relation to species.Structural equation model showed that life form(P<0.001)was the most important flammability driver.Precipitation(P<0.010)and legume species(P<0.010)were significantly related to the flammability in arid land.This study emphasizes the importance of managing high-risk species and using resistant species in vegetation restoration and shows that combining species FIs with their abundance is an effective tool for assessing fire risk and fuel management at the plant community scale.
基金funded by UBC Forest and Human Wellbeing Research(Grant No.GR020223)。
文摘The rise in urbanization has increasingly restricted access to natural environments,posing substantial risks to the physical and mental health of urban populations,including university students and other high-stress groups.This study examines the comparative effects of outdoor forest meditation(OFM)and indoor nature meditation(INM)in simulated nature environments(SNEs)on the physiological and psychological health of university students.A pretestposttest repeated measures design was employed,with 40students participating in three replicated OFM sessions and three identical INM sessions across varied SNE settings.Key physiological metrics,including heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),and salivary amylase concentration(SAC),were measured before and after each session.Psychological well-being was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10)and Profile of Mood States(POMS).Results revealed significant reductions(p<0.05)in most post-intervention outcomes,except in the second indoor session across physiologic al and psychologic al responses,while multi-sensory INM sessions produced comparable benefits.Notably,SNEs with enhanced sensory components were effective,though slightly less impactful than OFM.These findings suggest that both OFM in nature and INM in SNEs can benefit university students'well-being.INM in SNEs offers a promising alternative for those with limited access to natural settings,contributing meaningfully to stress reduction and overall well-being.This study highlights the potential for nature-based strategies for human health in urban centres,advocating for further investigation into the long-term impacts of SNEs and optimal sensory configurations for maximizing therapeutic effects in urban populations.
基金supported by the Universidad del Rosario(Small grant ID:IV-FPD003)。
文摘Upper Andean tropical forests are renowned for their extraordinary biodiversity and heterogeneous environmental conditions.Despite the critical role of litter decomposition in carbon and nutrient cycles,its dynamics in this region remains unexplored at finer scales.This study investigates how micro site conditions influence litter decomposition of 15 upper Andean species over time.A reciprocal translocation field experiment was conducted over 18 months in 14 permanent plots within four sites in Colombian Andean mountain forests.Each plot contained three litterbeds(microsites),each with the 15 species,harvested at 3,6,12 and 18 months,totaling 2520 litterbags.Different forest variables,including canopy openness,leaf area index,slope and depth of litter,were measured in each litterbed.ANOVAs and linear mixed models were used to assess variation between sites and plots respectively,while multiple linear regression analyses evaluated the effects of forest variables on decay rates over time at the micro site scale.Results showed differences in absolute decay rates between sites but consistent relative decay rates,indicating varying magnitudes of decomposition,yet maintaining the same order based on their litter quality.Decay rates varied between species,with more variation in labile species compared to recalcitrant ones.Despite substantial variation in forest characteristics within sites,their influence on litter decomposition was minimal and declined over time.This suggests that,at finer spatial scales,the forest microenvironment plays a lesser role in litter decomposition,with litter quality emerging as the primary driver.This study is a step towards understanding the fine-scale dynamics of litter decomposition in upper Andean tropical forests,highlighting the intricate interplay between microenvironmental factors and decomposition processes.
文摘This study investigates the thermo–mechanical behavior of C40 concrete and reinforced concrete subjected to elevated temperatures up to 700℃by integrating experimental testing and advanced numerical modeling.A temperature-indexed Concrete Damage Plasticity(CDP)framework incorporating bond–slip effects was developed in Abaqus to capture both global stress–strain responses and localized damage evolution.Uniaxial compression tests on thermally exposed cylinders provided residual strength data and failure observations for model calibration and validation.Results demonstrated a distinct two-stage degradation regime:moderate stiffness and strength reduction up to~400℃,followed by sharp deterioration beyond 500℃–600℃,with residual capacity at 700℃reduced to~20%–25%of the ambient value.Strain–damage analyses revealed the formation of a peripheral tensile strain band,which thickened and propagated inward with increasing temperature,governing crack initiation and cover spalling.Supplemental analyses highlighted that transverse reinforcement improved ductility and damage distribution at moderate temperatures(~300℃),but bond deterioration and steel softening beyond~600℃substantially diminished confinement effectiveness.The proposed CDP model accurately reproduced experimental stress–strain curves(R^(2)≈0.94–0.98 up to 600℃;≈0.90 at 700℃),with peak stress errors within 7%–10%and energy absorption captured within~12%.These findings confirm the robustness of the temperature-indexed CDP framework for simulating fire-damaged reinforced concrete and provide practical guidelines for post-fire assessment,spalling detection,and fire-resilient design of structural members.
基金supported by Istanbul Technical University(Project No.45698)supported through the“Young Researchers’Career Development Project-training of doctoral students”of the Croatian Science Foundation.
文摘This paper investigates the reliability of internal marine combustion engines using an integrated approach that combines Fault Tree Analysis(FTA)and Bayesian Networks(BN).FTA provides a structured,top-down method for identifying critical failure modes and their root causes,while BN introduces flexibility in probabilistic reasoning,enabling dynamic updates based on new evidence.This dual methodology overcomes the limitations of static FTA models,offering a comprehensive framework for system reliability analysis.Critical failures,including External Leakage(ELU),Failure to Start(FTS),and Overheating(OHE),were identified as key risks.By incorporating redundancy into high-risk components such as pumps and batteries,the likelihood of these failures was significantly reduced.For instance,redundant pumps reduced the probability of ELU by 31.88%,while additional batteries decreased the occurrence of FTS by 36.45%.The results underscore the practical benefits of combining FTA and BN for enhancing system reliability,particularly in maritime applications where operational safety and efficiency are critical.This research provides valuable insights for maintenance planning and highlights the importance of redundancy in critical systems,especially as the industry transitions toward more autonomous vessels.
基金the financial support provided by UMS Great(GUG0670-1/2024),which played a crucial role in the completion of this studyAdditionally,we would like to express our sincere appreciation for the financial assistance and scholarships generously offered by the University of Malaysia Sabah(UMS)throughout the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(KPT)throughout the research period.These contributions were invaluable in facilitating our research endeavors.
文摘The growing demand for renewable energy has increased the use of wood pellets as a clean and efficient biomass fuel.This study aims to evaluate the physical properties of wood pellets produced from Acacia hybrid(AC)veneer waste and Pine wood(PW)waste mixed with varying ratios.The objectives are to investigate the effect of different blend ratios ofAcacia hybrid veneer waste and pine wood waste on the physical properties,specificallymoisture content,density,and pellet durability index(PDI)of wood pellets,and to identify the optimal ratio that yields the most desirable pellet quality.The wood pellets were produced by blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste and Pine wood waste(AC:PW)in weight ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,and 0:100.The materials were dried to 10%–12%moisture before pelletizing using a pellet mill under consistent pressure and temperature.Moisture content(MC),density(ρ)and pellet durability index(PDI)were measured following the International Organization for Standardization(ISO).The study found that blending Acacia hybrid veneer waste with Pine wood waste significantly improved pellet density and durability compared to the control.The moisture was lowest in pellets with 50:50 and 25:75 blends,indicating better drying and stability.The blend 50:50 achieves the highest density,and for pellet durability index,the best blend is 25:75,suggesting improved resistance to breakage.Overall,the 50:50 and 25:75 ratios produced pellet with the most desirable combination of low moisture,high density,high durability and the blend meets key ISO 17225 and ENplus quality standards for industrial wood pellet.
文摘The increased interest in geothermal energy is evident,along with the exploitation of traditional hydrothermal systems,in the growing research and projects developing around the reuse of already-drilled oil,gas,and exploration wells.The Republic of Croatia has around 4000 wells,however,due to a long period since most of these wells were drilled and completed,there is uncertainty about how many are available for retrofitting as deep-borehole heat exchangers.Nevertheless,as hydrocarbon production decreases,it is expected that the number of wells available for the revitalization and exploitation of geothermal energy will increase.The revitalization of wells via deep-borehole heat exchangers involves installing a coaxial heat exchanger and circulating the working fluid in a closed system,during which heat is transferred from the surrounding rock medium to the circulating fluid.Since drilled wells are not of uniformdepth and are located in areas with different thermal rock properties and geothermal gradients,an analysis was conducted to determine available thermal energy as a function of well depth,geothermal gradient,and circulating fluid flow rate.Additionally,an economic analysis was performed to determine the benefits of retrofitting existing assets,such as drilled wells,compared to drilling new wells to obtain the same amount of thermal energy.
文摘Homret Ghannam alkali feldspar granite(HGAFG)in the central Eastern Desert(CED)of Egypt represents a distinctive example of late Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Arabian-Nubian Shield(ANS).This study integrates field observations,petrography,mineral chemistry(EMPA),and whole-rock geochemistry to investigate its petrogenesis,geodynamic evolution,and rare-metal potential.HGAFG comprises two cogenetic varieties,alkali feldspar granite and riebeckite-bearing granite,hosting rare-metal minerals such as zircon,fluorite,columbite and apatite.HGAFG exhibits diagnostic A-type geochemical characteristics,including high SiO₂contents(73.81-77.86 wt%),metaluminous to mildly peralkaline composition(ASI:0.92-1.03),enrichment in HFSE(Zr≈791.80 ppm,Nb≈68.12 ppm,Y≈90.81 ppm)andΣREE(103.40-475.57 ppm),and pronounced negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.07-0.20).Zircon saturation thermometry yields high crystallization temperatures(TZr≈908.87℃)and low emplacement pressures(1.46 kbar)under reducing conditions(ƒO_(2)≈−11.5).The mineralogical and geochemical results reveal that HGAFG originated from a hybrid,fluorine-rich magma generated by anatexis of lower crust,followed by extensive fractional crystallization,during late post-collisional extension associated with lithospheric delamination.The reduced nature and fluorine enrichment of HGAFG magma promoted the mineralization of Nb-Ta-REE phases,highlighting its significance as a fertile,high-temperature product of the terminal magmatic stage in ANS evolution.
文摘The Almus Fault Zone(AFZ)is one of the major splay faults of the North Anatolian Fault Zone(NAFZ)and is important for understanding its tectonic features and assessing regional seismic hazards.This research presents the integration of morphometric indices to quantitatively assess the spatial variation of tectonic activity along the AFZ.The AFZ is an active fault with both strike-slip and normal fault components and consists of two main branches,Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault(MÇF)and Tokat Fault(TF)segments.This study aims to assess the relative tectonic activity of the AFZ using various morphometric indices,based on a 10 m resolution DEM,with the aid of ArcGIS and MATLAB software.For this purpose,morphometric indices such as hypsometric integral(HI:0.35-0.65),mountain front sinuosity(Smf:1.3-1.44),valley floor width-height ratio(Vf:0.15-2.28),asymmetry factor(AF:23-77),drainage basin shape(Bs:1.13-6.10)and normalized steepness index(ksn:1-498)were applied to 53 drainage basins.When the Smf and mean Vf indices results were evaluated,it was calculated that the uplift ratio of the region was more than 0.5 mm/yr.The spatial distribution of the relative tectonic activity(Iat)of the area was revealed by combining the obtained morphometric indices analysis results.According to the Iat result,it was concluded that the MercimekdağıÇamdere Fault and Tokat Fault segments have high tectonic activity,but the Mercimekdağı-Çamdere Fault segment has higher tectonic activity.The results obtained were also confirmed by field observations.This research provides valuable information for the evaluation of tectonic activity in drainage systems controlled by splay faults.
文摘Breast cancer screening programs rely heavily on mammography for early detection;however,diagnostic performance is strongly affected by inter-reader variability,breast density,and the limitations of conven-tional computer-aided detection systems.Recent advances in deep learning have enabled more robust and scalable solutions for large-scale screening,yet a systematic comparison of modern object detection architectures on nationally representative datasets remains limited.This study presents a comprehensive quantitative comparison of prominent deep learning–based object detection architectures for Artificial Intelligence-assisted mammography analysis using the MammosighTR dataset,developed within the Turkish National Breast Cancer Screening Program.The dataset comprises 12,740 patient cases collected between 2016 and 2022,annotated with BI-RADS categories,breast density levels,and lesion localization labels.A total of 31 models were evaluated,including One-Stage,Two-Stage,and Transformer-based architectures,under a unified experimental framework at both patient and breast levels.The results demonstrate that Two-Stage architectures consistently outperform One-Stage models,achieving approximately 2%–4%higher Macro F1-Scores and more balanced precision–recall trade-offs,with Double-Head R-CNN and Dynamic R-CNN yielding the highest overall performance(Macro F1≈0.84–0.86).This advantage is primarily attributed to the region proposal mechanism and improved class balance inherent to Two-Stage designs.One-Stage detectors exhibited higher sensitivity and faster inference,reaching Recall values above 0.88,but experienced minor reductions in Precision and overall accuracy(≈1%–2%)compared with Two-Stage models.Among Transformer-based architectures,Deformable DEtection TRansformer demonstrated strong robustness and consistency across datasets,achieving Macro F1-Scores comparable to CNN-based detectors(≈0.83–0.85)while exhibiting minimal performance degradation under distributional shifts.Breast density–based analysis revealed increased misclassification rates in medium-density categories(types B and C),whereas Transformer-based architectures maintained more stable performance in high-density type D tissue.These findings quantitatively confirm that both architectural design and tissue characteristics play a decisive role in diagnostic accuracy.Overall,the study provides a reproducible benchmark and highlights the potential of hybrid approaches that combine the accuracy of Two-Stage detectors with the contextual modeling capability of Transformer architectures for clinically reliable breast cancer screening systems.
