Aim: To describe the epidemiological aspects of the patients who died in polyvalent intensive care unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study car...Aim: To describe the epidemiological aspects of the patients who died in polyvalent intensive care unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out in intensive care unit of University Hospital of Brazzaville, during period from January 2013 to December 2014. All patients who died at the unit regardless of age or sex were included. The parameters studied were age, sex, origin, reason for admission, causes of death, time of death, and length of hospitalization. Data were treated in Excel 2010 and Epi info 2007. Results: During the study period, 419 deaths out of 1121 admissions were recorded, representing a mortality rate of 37.4%. The average age was 46.2 ± 19.7 years with extremes ranging from 14 months to 90 years. The sex ratio was 0.9. Most of the deceased patients came from medical emergencies in 37.6% of the cases. Infectious (17.9%) and neurological (17.4%) pathologies were the most likely to cause death followed by cardiovascular pathologies (12.2%). Causes of death were dominated by severe sepsis and septic shock with 93.4% of infectious pathologies and stroke in 80.8% of neurological pathologies. In 42.3% of cases, the death occurred in the 8:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. time period. The average length of hospitalization for the deceased patients was 1.4 ± 0.5 days. All parameters studied significantly associated with mortality (p Conclusion: The mortality rate of patients admitted to the polyvalent intensive care unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville was high at 37.4%. Most of these patients were aged 40 years and older, male, with infectious and/or neurological pathologies. All deaths occurred within 48 hours of admission.展开更多
Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For inst...Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine etiological, the...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine etiological, therapeutic aspects and issues of AGP in intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">It was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from January to December 2016 in ICU at UHB. We collected completed medical records of patients admitted and operated for AGP regardless of age or sex. The parameters studied were age, sex, admission’s reasons, etiologies, management, post-operative complications, length of hospital and mortality. Data were treated in Excel 2010 and Epi info 2007. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thirty-one complete medical records were identified (mean age: 40.6 ± 22.0 years). The sex ratio was 2.4. Shock was the most common reason for admission with 67.7% of the cases. The etiologies of AGP w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> dominated by gastroduodenal perforating ulcer (41.9%) followed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">complicated appendicitis (19.4%). The management of all patients was medico-surgical. The bi antibiotic ceftriaxone-metronidazole was administered in 29 patients (93.6%). 18 patients (59.1%) received vasopressor therapy. The complications had occurred among 9 patients </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 29% of the cases;parietal suppurations represented 44.5% of the complications. The average length of hospitalization was 5.2 ± 4.6 days. The overall mortality was 41.9%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In our study, the most frequent etiologies were gastroduodenal perforating ulcer and complicated appendicitis. They affected young patients. The complications were dominated by parietal suppurations. The mortality rate was high.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease could impair the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of the disease. So far, there is no data on this subject in the Congolese population...<strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease could impair the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of the disease. So far, there is no data on this subject in the Congolese population. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease in Congo. <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 91 patients followed in the department of nephrology and in dialysis centers in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire and Oyo from July 1<sup>st</sup> to November 30<sup>th</sup>, 2020, <i>i.e. </i> five months. We used the Kidney disease quality of life short form health survey score (KDQOL-SF 36) to assess the quality of life of patients and a questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic features. Data analysis was done on SPSS 2.2 software. <strong>Result:</strong> The average age was 51.9 ± 15 years. The sex ratio M/F was 2.03. The average time of patient follow-up was 15 months;90% of them had hypertension. The overall average score of specific dimensions was 52 ± 18;disease burden was the dimension most affected;that of the generic dimensions was 34 ± 25 with the limitation of physical activity dimension being the most affected. No patient had received psychological follow-up. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study indicates the value of a systematic assessment of the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease as well as the need for assistance for these patients in different areas of their life.展开更多
Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioac...Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a controlled plant factory system.Ethanol treatments at 40 and 80 mM significantly promoted both vegetative and reproductive growth.Plants treated with these concentrations exhibited higher net photosynthetic rates(A)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)compared to the untreated control,whereas stomatal conductance(gs)and transpiration rate(E)remained unaffected.Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations,and SPAD values,significantly increased with ethanol treatment.Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activities were significantly higher in plants treated with ethanol than in the untreated control.Ethanol treatments led to a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase.Furthermore,ethanol treatment elevated rosmarinic acid concentrations in roots and tilianin and acacetin levels in flowers.Collectively,ethanol at 40 and 80 mM effectively enhanced growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant defense,and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a plant factory.These findings provide valuable insights for improving cultivation of medicinal plants with high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value.展开更多
The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuatio...The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuations in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental conditions.Healthy poultry birds possess a natural resistance to infection.However,the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been underplayed.Since good performance and growth rate are central to animal production,the host-microbiome relationship remains integral.Prior to the emergence of metagenomic techniques,conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of sequencing.Fortunately,the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and functions.Here,we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile,as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology advancements.It is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.展开更多
Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most...Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most malignancies are not diagnosed until late stages of disease. Methods: Oral health promotion was our main objective, risk factors were identified and oral cavity self-examination was promoted. The population considered (n = 1117) was divided in two main age groups—a youngest (individuals under 25 years old) mostly targeted for oral cancer awareness and oral cavity self examination promotion, and an older group having accumulated potential risk exposure. Results: The results obtained revealed smoking habits and fruits-vegetables consumption deficit as the highest risks factors found. Considering a Risk Factor Exposure Index analysis, individuals with secondary level of instruction and living in sub-urban areas assumed the highest risk exposure. Alcohol consumption had also contributed as a significant risk exposure. Conclusions: Some of these risk factors work as biological reward of quality of life deficit. A wide comprehension of the problem requires a multidisciplinary approach necessarily involving Health and Social Sciences in order to target the core of oral cancer health promotion. An effective epidemiological strategy must thus support three major aspects: population knowledge, sensitization and visual screening.展开更多
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms with certain characteristics such as survival under gastrointestinal conditions,adhesion to intestinal surface and different functions which result in several health benefits t...Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms with certain characteristics such as survival under gastrointestinal conditions,adhesion to intestinal surface and different functions which result in several health benefits to host.With this regards,this study aimed to isolate Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from sourdough and human feces as two different environments and to test their potential probiotic functions.In total nine distinct isolates were assessed with several probiotic functions such as in vitro adhesion to human colon cells,antimicrobial activities and survival under harsh gastrointestinal conditions.In general,distinct strains showed strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic and fungal strains tested in this study.Importantly,the adhesion levels to HT29 cells were determined between 0.29 % and 9.54% and Lactobacillus paracasei F7B showed the highest adhesion.All isolates tolerated the bile salt after 24 h and the infant feces isolates showed good survival characteristics at pH 4.展开更多
Worldwide,150 children are born each day with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH),a diaphragmatic defect with concomitant abnormal lung development.Patients with CDH with large defects are particularly challenging to...Worldwide,150 children are born each day with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH),a diaphragmatic defect with concomitant abnormal lung development.Patients with CDH with large defects are particularly challenging to treat,have the highest mortality,and are at significant risk of long-term complications.Advances in prenatal and neonatal treatments have improved survival in high-risk patients with CDH,but surgical treatment of large defects lacks standardization.Open repair by an abdominal approach has long been considered the traditional procedure,but the type of defect repair(patch or muscle flap)and patch material(non-absorbable,synthetic or absorbable,biological)remain subjects of debate.Increased experience and improved techniques in minimally invasive surgery(MIS)have expanded selection criteria for thoracoscopic defect repair in cardiopulmonary stable patients with small defects.However,the application of MIS to repair large defects remains controversial due to increased recurrence rates and unknown long-term effects of perioperative hypercapnia and acidosis resulting from capnothorax and reduced ventilation.Current recommendations on the surgical management rely on cohort studies of varying patient numbers and data on the long-term outcomes are sparse.Here,we discuss surgical approaches for diaphragmatic defect repair highlighting advancements,and knowledge gaps in surgical techniques(open surgery and MIS),patch materials and muscle flaps for large defects,as well as procedural adjuncts and management of CDH variants.展开更多
Background:Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium(Sh)and S.bovis(Sb)have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe.Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown,this study aims to ...Background:Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium(Sh)and S.bovis(Sb)have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe.Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown,this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans,to describe the structure of S.haematobium populations on a large geographic scale,and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations.Methods:From January to April 2019,urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct popu‑lations.Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine.To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1(RD-PCR)and ITS2 gene(PCR-RFLP).Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers.Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes,and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst,PCA and Bayesian approaches.Results:Of the 1327 miracidia studied,88.7% were identifed as pure genotypes of S.haematobium(Sh_Sh/Sh)while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids(7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb,3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb).No miracidium has been identifed as a pure genotype of S.bovis.Allelic richness ranged from 5.55(Loum population)to 7.73(MattaBarrage)and difered signifcantly between populations.Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7%(Loum)to 59%(Matta Barrage)with no signifcant diference.The overall genetic diferentiation inferred either by a principal compo‑nent analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure.Southern populations(Loum and Matta Bar‑rage)were clearly separated from other localities but genetic diferentiation between northern localities was limited,certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites.Conclusions:Hybrids between S.haematobium and S.bovis were identifed in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren.The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite,indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites.Hybridi‑zation is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S.haematobium.展开更多
文摘Aim: To describe the epidemiological aspects of the patients who died in polyvalent intensive care unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out in intensive care unit of University Hospital of Brazzaville, during period from January 2013 to December 2014. All patients who died at the unit regardless of age or sex were included. The parameters studied were age, sex, origin, reason for admission, causes of death, time of death, and length of hospitalization. Data were treated in Excel 2010 and Epi info 2007. Results: During the study period, 419 deaths out of 1121 admissions were recorded, representing a mortality rate of 37.4%. The average age was 46.2 ± 19.7 years with extremes ranging from 14 months to 90 years. The sex ratio was 0.9. Most of the deceased patients came from medical emergencies in 37.6% of the cases. Infectious (17.9%) and neurological (17.4%) pathologies were the most likely to cause death followed by cardiovascular pathologies (12.2%). Causes of death were dominated by severe sepsis and septic shock with 93.4% of infectious pathologies and stroke in 80.8% of neurological pathologies. In 42.3% of cases, the death occurred in the 8:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m. time period. The average length of hospitalization for the deceased patients was 1.4 ± 0.5 days. All parameters studied significantly associated with mortality (p Conclusion: The mortality rate of patients admitted to the polyvalent intensive care unit at University Hospital of Brazzaville was high at 37.4%. Most of these patients were aged 40 years and older, male, with infectious and/or neurological pathologies. All deaths occurred within 48 hours of admission.
基金supported by the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)with a PhD scholarship(CAPES process:88887.605034/2021-00,88887.605029/2021-00,and 88887.694146/2022-00,respectively)supported by the S?o Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)with a PhD scholarship(FAPESP process:2019/24124-7)。
文摘Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-off could hide important information.For instance,from a population-level point of view,increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels.Also,including a more sensitive cut-point of≥1 days per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice.Thus,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender inequalities.Methods:We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019.MVPA was self-reported.Participants were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)adolescents.Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates.Analyses were stratified by country and region.Results:Approximately 80%of both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week.This prevalence was≥94%in Europe and Central Asia and North America,while the estimates for the other regions were<77%.The prevalence of≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%confidence interval(95%CI)):1.03-1.04)vs.Prevalence ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%CI:1.08-1.10)).Conclusion:Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable differences between regions.Gender differences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest adolescents.Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve≥60 min of MVPA≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To determine etiological, therapeutic aspects and issues of AGP in intensive care unit (ICU) at University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Materials and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">It was a retrospective and descriptive study carried out from January to December 2016 in ICU at UHB. We collected completed medical records of patients admitted and operated for AGP regardless of age or sex. The parameters studied were age, sex, admission’s reasons, etiologies, management, post-operative complications, length of hospital and mortality. Data were treated in Excel 2010 and Epi info 2007. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Thirty-one complete medical records were identified (mean age: 40.6 ± 22.0 years). The sex ratio was 2.4. Shock was the most common reason for admission with 67.7% of the cases. The etiologies of AGP w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> dominated by gastroduodenal perforating ulcer (41.9%) followed </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">by </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">complicated appendicitis (19.4%). The management of all patients was medico-surgical. The bi antibiotic ceftriaxone-metronidazole was administered in 29 patients (93.6%). 18 patients (59.1%) received vasopressor therapy. The complications had occurred among 9 patients </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 29% of the cases;parietal suppurations represented 44.5% of the complications. The average length of hospitalization was 5.2 ± 4.6 days. The overall mortality was 41.9%. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In our study, the most frequent etiologies were gastroduodenal perforating ulcer and complicated appendicitis. They affected young patients. The complications were dominated by parietal suppurations. The mortality rate was high.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Chronic kidney disease could impair the quality of life of patients regardless of the stage of the disease. So far, there is no data on this subject in the Congolese population. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease in Congo. <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study of 91 patients followed in the department of nephrology and in dialysis centers in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire and Oyo from July 1<sup>st</sup> to November 30<sup>th</sup>, 2020, <i>i.e. </i> five months. We used the Kidney disease quality of life short form health survey score (KDQOL-SF 36) to assess the quality of life of patients and a questionnaire was used to determine socio-demographic, clinical and therapeutic features. Data analysis was done on SPSS 2.2 software. <strong>Result:</strong> The average age was 51.9 ± 15 years. The sex ratio M/F was 2.03. The average time of patient follow-up was 15 months;90% of them had hypertension. The overall average score of specific dimensions was 52 ± 18;disease burden was the dimension most affected;that of the generic dimensions was 34 ± 25 with the limitation of physical activity dimension being the most affected. No patient had received psychological follow-up. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study indicates the value of a systematic assessment of the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease as well as the need for assistance for these patients in different areas of their life.
基金supported by Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE)(20212020800050,Development and demonstration of rooftop greenhouse-building integrated system using distributed polygeneration).
文摘Agastache rugosa,a medicinal plant known for its bioactive compounds,has gained attention for its pharmacological and commercial potential.This study aimed to optimize ethanol concentration to enhance growth and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a controlled plant factory system.Ethanol treatments at 40 and 80 mM significantly promoted both vegetative and reproductive growth.Plants treated with these concentrations exhibited higher net photosynthetic rates(A)and intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)compared to the untreated control,whereas stomatal conductance(gs)and transpiration rate(E)remained unaffected.Chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations,and SPAD values,significantly increased with ethanol treatment.Total flavonoid and total phenolic contents as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical-scavenging activities were significantly higher in plants treated with ethanol than in the untreated control.Ethanol treatments led to a significant enhancement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase.Furthermore,ethanol treatment elevated rosmarinic acid concentrations in roots and tilianin and acacetin levels in flowers.Collectively,ethanol at 40 and 80 mM effectively enhanced growth,photosynthesis,antioxidant defense,and bioactive compound production in A.rugosa cultivated in a plant factory.These findings provide valuable insights for improving cultivation of medicinal plants with high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value.
基金The funding support of the Bill and Melinda Foundation (African Enteric Viruses Genome Initiative grant number BMGF OPP1180423 2017) to Prof. M.Nyagathe assistance of the Directorate of Research and Postgraduate Support,Durban University of Technology,Durban,South Africa and the National Research Foundation (NRF-research development grant for rated researchers, grant number 120433)。
文摘The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal productivity.The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system maturation.Fluctuations in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental conditions.Healthy poultry birds possess a natural resistance to infection.However,the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been underplayed.Since good performance and growth rate are central to animal production,the host-microbiome relationship remains integral.Prior to the emergence of metagenomic techniques,conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of sequencing.Fortunately,the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and functions.Here,we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile,as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology advancements.It is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.
文摘Background: Oral cancer presents a heterogeneous geographic incidence. Annually, more than 275,000 new cases are diagnosed worldwide. In spite of the easy accessibility of oral cavity during physical examination, most malignancies are not diagnosed until late stages of disease. Methods: Oral health promotion was our main objective, risk factors were identified and oral cavity self-examination was promoted. The population considered (n = 1117) was divided in two main age groups—a youngest (individuals under 25 years old) mostly targeted for oral cancer awareness and oral cavity self examination promotion, and an older group having accumulated potential risk exposure. Results: The results obtained revealed smoking habits and fruits-vegetables consumption deficit as the highest risks factors found. Considering a Risk Factor Exposure Index analysis, individuals with secondary level of instruction and living in sub-urban areas assumed the highest risk exposure. Alcohol consumption had also contributed as a significant risk exposure. Conclusions: Some of these risk factors work as biological reward of quality of life deficit. A wide comprehension of the problem requires a multidisciplinary approach necessarily involving Health and Social Sciences in order to target the core of oral cancer health promotion. An effective epidemiological strategy must thus support three major aspects: population knowledge, sensitization and visual screening.
文摘Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms with certain characteristics such as survival under gastrointestinal conditions,adhesion to intestinal surface and different functions which result in several health benefits to host.With this regards,this study aimed to isolate Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from sourdough and human feces as two different environments and to test their potential probiotic functions.In total nine distinct isolates were assessed with several probiotic functions such as in vitro adhesion to human colon cells,antimicrobial activities and survival under harsh gastrointestinal conditions.In general,distinct strains showed strong antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic and fungal strains tested in this study.Importantly,the adhesion levels to HT29 cells were determined between 0.29 % and 9.54% and Lactobacillus paracasei F7B showed the highest adhesion.All isolates tolerated the bile salt after 24 h and the infant feces isolates showed good survival characteristics at pH 4.
基金MJ(519368454)is a holder of the Walter-Benjamin scholarship from the German Research Fund(DFG,Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft).
文摘Worldwide,150 children are born each day with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH),a diaphragmatic defect with concomitant abnormal lung development.Patients with CDH with large defects are particularly challenging to treat,have the highest mortality,and are at significant risk of long-term complications.Advances in prenatal and neonatal treatments have improved survival in high-risk patients with CDH,but surgical treatment of large defects lacks standardization.Open repair by an abdominal approach has long been considered the traditional procedure,but the type of defect repair(patch or muscle flap)and patch material(non-absorbable,synthetic or absorbable,biological)remain subjects of debate.Increased experience and improved techniques in minimally invasive surgery(MIS)have expanded selection criteria for thoracoscopic defect repair in cardiopulmonary stable patients with small defects.However,the application of MIS to repair large defects remains controversial due to increased recurrence rates and unknown long-term effects of perioperative hypercapnia and acidosis resulting from capnothorax and reduced ventilation.Current recommendations on the surgical management rely on cohort studies of varying patient numbers and data on the long-term outcomes are sparse.Here,we discuss surgical approaches for diaphragmatic defect repair highlighting advancements,and knowledge gaps in surgical techniques(open surgery and MIS),patch materials and muscle flaps for large defects,as well as procedural adjuncts and management of CDH variants.
文摘Background:Hybrids between Schistosoma haematobium(Sh)and S.bovis(Sb)have been found in several African countries as well as in Europe.Since the consequences of this hybridization are still unknown,this study aims to verify the presence of such hybrids in Cameroonian humans,to describe the structure of S.haematobium populations on a large geographic scale,and to examine the impact of these hybrids on genetic diversity and structure of these populations.Methods:From January to April 2019,urine from infected children was collected in ten geographically distinct popu‑lations.Miracidia were collected from eggs in this urine.To detect the presence of hybrids among these miracidia we genotyped both Cox1(RD-PCR)and ITS2 gene(PCR-RFLP).Population genetic diversity and structure was assessed by genotyping each miracidium with a panel of 14 microsatellite markers.Gene diversity was measured using both heterozygosity and allelic richness indexes,and genetic structure was analyzed using paired Fst,PCA and Bayesian approaches.Results:Of the 1327 miracidia studied,88.7% were identifed as pure genotypes of S.haematobium(Sh_Sh/Sh)while the remaining 11.3% were hybrids(7.0% with Sh_Sh/Sb,3.7% with Sb_Sb/Sh and 0.4% with Sb_Sh/Sb).No miracidium has been identifed as a pure genotype of S.bovis.Allelic richness ranged from 5.55(Loum population)to 7.73(MattaBarrage)and difered signifcantly between populations.Mean heterozygosity ranged from 53.7%(Loum)to 59%(Matta Barrage)with no signifcant diference.The overall genetic diferentiation inferred either by a principal compo‑nent analysis or by the Bayesian approach shows a partial structure.Southern populations(Loum and Matta Bar‑rage)were clearly separated from other localities but genetic diferentiation between northern localities was limited,certainly due to the geographic proximity between these sites.Conclusions:Hybrids between S.haematobium and S.bovis were identifed in 11.3% of miracidia that hatched from eggs present in the urine of Cameroonian schoolchildren.The percentages of these hybrids are correlated with the genetic diversity of the parasite,indicating that hybridization increases genetic diversity in our sampling sites.Hybridi‑zation is therefore a major biological process that shapes the genetic diversity of S.haematobium.
