Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey wa...Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.展开更多
Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization ...Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and...Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.展开更多
BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to...BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to assess both the mental and physical health of their patients,leading to the provision of holistic nursing care.AIM To investigate the relationship between nurses’mental health literacy levels and their holistic nursing competencies,as well as their nursing professional selfefficacy.METHODS This study is cross-sectional,correlational research.The study sample consisted of a total of 261 volunteer nurses working in a training and research hospital and a state hospital between March 11,2024 and April 8,2024.Data were collected face to face with the“Descriptive Data Form”,“Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS)”,“Holistic Nursing Competence Scale(HNCS)”,and the“Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale(NPSES)”.RESULTS The mean scale scores for the nurses were as follows:MHLS:95.88±11.67;HNCS:179.46±33.82;NPSES:64.79±11.24.A low-level positive correlation was found between the total scores of the MHLS,HNCS,and NPSES,and a moderate-level positive correlation was observed between the total scores of the HNCS and NPSES.These correlations were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION It is recommended that initiatives be undertaken to enhance the mental health literacy and holistic nursing competencies of nurses and that similar studies be conducted with nurses in different institutions and with a larger number of nurses.展开更多
Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role ...Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role of Ottawa Tai Chi Chuan Association(OTCA)and Taoist Tai Chi Society(TTCS)-in promoting Tai Chi and traditional health practices rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in Ottawa.Methods:Archive research was used to investigate origins,organizational structures,and programs of the associations.Documents were obtained from the personal collections,websites,and Ottawa Archives.Secondary literature on Tai Chi’s history in China and Chinese immigration to Ottawa provided contextual insights.Results:In the twentieth century,Tai Chi in China's mainland underwent significant transformations,aligning with nation-building,social reform,public health promotion,and cultural influence.Since the 1970s,the demographic composition of Canada’s Chinese community has become diversified.Some community members played a critical role in transmitting Tai Chi to Canada by establishing OTCA and TTCS.Through a variety of Tai Chi programs,workshops,and community engagement,OTCA and TTCS promoted Tai Chi as a holistic health practice rooted in TCM and traditional cultural principles in different approaches.OTCA primarily served the Chinese community,focusing on diverse forms,techniques,and theories.In contrast,Ottawa’s TTCS,as a satellite association,emphasized Taoist-inspired Tai Chi and cultivation passed down by the founder,Moy Linshin,to accommodate members from diverse cultural backgrounds.OTCA and TTCS created inclusive mind-body communities for individuals to engage in Tai Chi as a culturally meaningful practice and a means of fostering social connection and holistic wellness.Conclusion:OTCA and TTCS significantly revitalized while adapted Tai Chi and TCM practices to Western contexts,integrating its historical roots with western health ideas to establish it as a widely recognized mind-body discipline and alternative therapy.展开更多
Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explor...Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explore the prevalence of SBS and its association with indoor air quality and workplace environments among healthcare workers in five hospital departments in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand.Methods:Indoor air quality was assessed over eight days,measuring microbial concentrations(bacteria,fungi),temperature,humidity,and carbon dioxide levels.Demographic data and SBS symptoms were also collected from healthcare workers.Results:The findings revealed that fungal concentrations were highest in the pharmacy(51.95±37.59)colony forming units(CFU)per m^(3),while bacterial concentrations peaked in the outpatient department(265.06±49.46)CFU/m3.The study identified Staphylococcus hominis and Micrococcus luteus as the dominant microbial species in the air environment.A moderate positive correlation was found between bacterial concentrations and humidity(r=0.43,P=0.046).SBS symptoms were prevalent among healthcare workers,with 75.58%reporting issues like dry eyes and fatigue.The total complaint score for SBS correlated positively with indoor pollutant levels,especially fungi(r=0.38,P<0.001).Frequent cleaning reduced SBS complaints significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hospital departments with more frequent cleaning practices exhibited lower SBS complaints,highlighting the importance of cleaning frequency in reducing SBS-related issues.These findings provide actionable insights for improving workplace safety and indoor air quality in healthcare settings.展开更多
Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective...Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective of this work is to contribute to the management of OF cases in CAR. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including data from several OF care services. The study included 245 cases of OF, operated on from 2009 to 2018. The parameters studied were maternal and obstetrical data, sociodemographic data, the specific characteristics of the fistulas as well as the modalities and outcome of surgical treatment. The data collected came from six (6) OF surgical repair campaigns organized by the Ministry of Health and Population with the support of UNFPA. Results: We recorded 245 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.77% of OF per year. Among these patients, almost half (45.3%) were treated at the Sino-Central African Friendship University Hospital Center (CHUASC). The average age of the patients was 30 years (range 14 to 78 years). They were unschooled (53.9%) and primigravidas (35%). The fistulas had an average duration of evolution of 7.58 years. They were vesicovaginal in 25.3%. Types V and I dominated in 17.4% and 9.2%, respectively. In 85.9% of cases, fistulorrhaphy was performed, half of which (50.2%) via the upper route. The cure rate was 83.3%. Note that our study reveals statistically significant links between the evolution after surgery with age (p = 0.04 Conclusion: OF mainly affected women of childbearing age, uneducated, primiparous. Vesicovaginal fistula was the frequently encountered type and was manifested by urine loss clinically with a positive methylene blue test.展开更多
Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due...Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due to the frequency of other types of joint diseases and the existence of degenerative and dystrophic valve disease. In adults, the initial rheumatic attack is marked by the predominance of joint damage over cardiac damage. However, it is often at this age that rheumatic valve disease is discovered. The revised Jones criteria also find their place in the diagnosis of AAR in adults. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in the General Medicine Department of the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study examined the demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) at the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital, Guinea, between April 1 and September 31, 2021 according to Jones criteria. The data were collected on a form containing sociodemographic variables (age, sex, profession), rheumatological, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological clinical signs, biological variables and treatment. Results: Figure 1 shows the flow of the hospital frequency of the RAA in the General Medicine Department of the Prefectural Hospital of Siguiri. During the study period, 420 patients were hospitalized, of whom 161 patients had AAR, a frequency of 38.33%. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients diagnosed with ARB, by sociodemographic characteristics. The average age was 44.7 ± 19.78 years and the extremes of 14 and 90 years, the female sex dominated with a ratio of 0.75. The informal sector was in the majority in 45.34% of cases and most were illiterate, i.e. 53.42%. In our study, the incidence was lower during the dry season than during the rainy season, a hot season with high rainfall and humidity, the rainy period was a provider with a peak in August and September. The lifestyle was characterized by overcrowding in 87.58% of patients. The main complaint was fever, i.e. 88.82%. Rheumatological manifestations such as arthritis were 98.14%, chest pain was 37.89% (61 cases). The diagnosis was confirmed by ASLO titration in 85.71% of patients and 98.55% (136 cases) had a titration greater than 400 U/ml. Conclusion: The results obtained from our study show a high prevalence of acute rheumatic fever, which makes it a worrying health problem in the Siguiri health district. Young female adult patients, married with an informal profession and not in school residing in Siguiri were the most encountered in our study. The main functional signs mentioned by the patients were fever, cough and abdominal pain;osteoarticular pain and chest pain dominated the clinical picture. Almost all of our patients had an ASLO titer greater than 400 U/ml and a positive C-reactive protein. Our results show a high risk of spread of acute rheumatic fever within the population of Siguiri. Due to the serious complications caused by acute rheumatic fever, particular attention must be paid to it by carrying out other, much larger studies in order to identify the problem of RAA.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athl...Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.展开更多
Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use a...Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.展开更多
In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much inte...In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much interest in the Central African Republic (CAR), although salmonellosis remains a health problem requiring national and international surveillance. Methodology: The study conducted at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic (LNBCSP) was a retrospective descriptive study. The study duration was five years (January 2019 to December 2023). The study sample consisted of patients who underwent bacteriological testing of stool, blood and urine samples for Salmonella at the LNBCSP in Bangui during this period. Study variables were age, sex, year and bacteriological test results. Statistical tests were used to compare incidences. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to measure the degree of association. Results: From 2019 to 2023, we recorded 353 Salmonella strains, of which 5% were found in blood, 37% in urine and 58% in stool. Patient age ranged from 1 to 86 years, with a mean of 27 ± 22.05 years and a mode of 5 years. Children aged 0 to 14 years (34%) and females (55.81%) predominated. The highest rate of contamination by Salmonella strains was 1.69% in 2022. The overall incidence of salmonellosis was 6.72 in 2019, 7.05 in 2020, 6.91 in 2021, 16.9 in 2022 and 6.26 in 2023 per 1000 samples. Resistance was 30.47% to β_lactam antibiotics, 24.22% to fluroquinolones and 37.97% to Salmonella spp. For Salmonella arizonae strains, resistance was 20.25% to aminoglycosides, 43.67% to chloramphenicol and 7.59% to imipenem. Conclusion: Laboratory-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is needed in both human and veterinary medicine. Another study based on molecular characterization will identify new antibiotic-resistant variants circulating in CAR.展开更多
Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants guidance.The purpose of thi...Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants guidance.The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines worldwide.Methods:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based search.Only the most recent guideline was included for each country.Results:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB guidelines.The continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with PA.Conclusion:Country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent bioc...Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.展开更多
Objectives:In the sphere of occupational intensity,nursing stands recognized for its inherently demanding nature,marked by a rapid succession of tasks.Our primary aim was to assess the level of job intensity within nu...Objectives:In the sphere of occupational intensity,nursing stands recognized for its inherently demanding nature,marked by a rapid succession of tasks.Our primary aim was to assess the level of job intensity within nursing by analyzing the frequency and duration of activities performed by nurses,instances of task overlap,and the distribution of break times within a primary healthcare center.Methods:This study was conducted using a descriptive working method.Nursing activities were recorded with the observation of six nurses,each monitored for 37.5 h.We used the Maribor System for measuring Quantity in Nursing Care in Primary Health Care Settings to measure the nursing care activities about direct patient care,indirect patient care,and other unproductive aspects through direct non-participant observations.Results:About 41.5%(n=1,640)of all nursing activities involving direct contact with patients,about 38.2%(n=1,508)was indirect patient care,where a large amount worked with paper files(n=666,16.9%).In addition,about 15.0%were other nursing activities(mostly computer work),and just 5.3%(n=210)of tasks were unproductive.The observational findings indicate a pronounced level of work intensity experienced by nurses in primary health clinics.Significantly,nurses were predominantly engaged in direct patient care tasks,often managing multiple activities simultaneously.Their transitions between tasks occurred approximately every 3 min,frequently without adequate intervals for breaks.Conclusions:This study highlights the need to shift nurses’focus from a task-centric approach to one centered on patient care.The prevailing emphasis on tasks may contribute to enduring fatigue and professional dissatisfaction.Consequently,there is an urgent need to redefine the scope of a nurse’s role and implement a comprehensive computer information system as an integral part of this redefined approach.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities,as well as changes in the quality of life(QOL)for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy(RT).Materials and Met...Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities,as well as changes in the quality of life(QOL)for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy(RT).Materials and Methods:A total of 108 breast cancer women were recruited for this prospective study.Data were collected at various intervals;prior to,and 1,3,6 months,and 1 year after radiation therapy.The primary outcomes were toxicity radiation therapy oncology group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)criteria.Our secondary outcome was QOL,measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.We employed Friedman’s two-way analysis to evaluate the changes in QOL over the course of 1 year.Results:The early toxicities that are most commonly experienced include pharyngeal,skin,and mucous membrane toxicity.Late toxicities frequently involve skin and submucosal toxicity.To measure patient functionality,all functional subscale scores except for the patient’s emotional state increased over time compared to pre-RT.Symptoms of the patients,which were included in the QOL symptom scale,decreased during the follow-up period,except for fatigue;however,changes in pain,insomnia,and loss of appetite did not significantly change.We identified the analogous symptom profiles in Edmonton.Although patients’overall health scores declined in the 1st and 3rd months after radiotherapy(RT),they rebounded at 6 and 12 months.Conclusion:For breast cancer patients,RT did not adversely affect functional capacity or exacerbate symptoms,but persistent fatigue did increase during the observation period.Health-care professionals ought to devise strategies to assist patients with skin toxicity and fatigue.展开更多
Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of sk...Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.展开更多
In Africa, each year, there are estimated to be more than 91 million cases of salmonellosis and 137,000 cases of death. The problem of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is a threat to public health. The obje...In Africa, each year, there are estimated to be more than 91 million cases of salmonellosis and 137,000 cases of death. The problem of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is a threat to public health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated in biological products analyzed at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (NLCBPH) in Bangui. This is, therefore, a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim, running from January to December 2022. It focused on the strains of Salmonella isolated and identified in stools, urines, and blood samples. For each strain of Salmonella isolated, an antibiogram was carried out following the recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology (CASFM, 2022). A total of 93 strains of Salmonella have been recorded. The age group 0 - 9 years was 29% and that of >50 years was 11%. The median age of patients was 30 years with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 78 years. The female gender was more represented at 52.69% than the male gender at 47.31%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.89 (M/F). Salmonella strains were much more isolated in stools at 62% followed by urines at 29% and blood at 6%. Salmonella arizonae strains were more represented with 52%. Salmonella strains have a resistance rate to Tetracycline of 62.37% followed by Penicillins of 50%. The rate of multi-antibiotic resistance of the Salmonella strains isolated represented 48.38%. Salmonella spp. strains were multi-resistant at 58.69% followed by Salmonella arizonae strains at 47.91%. There is a significant association between the different families of antibiotics and Salmonella strains (p < 0.05). According to the results obtained, Penicillins, Phenicoles, and Cyclins had a high rate of resistance on Salmonella strains. No strain-producing Broad Spectrum Beta-lactamase has been isolated. Salmonella strains represent a zoonotic health danger, constitute a public health problem and remain a current subject. This germ is resistant to the antibiotics used. It is, therefore, essential to emphasize monitoring the resistance of these germs in the Central African Republic (CAR) to improve the health of the population.展开更多
Background: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Most preterm births can be associated to an identifiable risk factor. In Cameroon, especially in the Southwest Region, there is limited data regardin...Background: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Most preterm births can be associated to an identifiable risk factor. In Cameroon, especially in the Southwest Region, there is limited data regarding prematurity associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and complications of prematurity in two health facilities in the Fako division, the BRH and RHL. Methods: A hospital based retrospective case control study was done from the 1<sup>st</sup> of January 2021 to 28<sup>th</sup> of February 2022. We assessed the gestational ages at which preterm birth occurred and their short-term outcome using a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from files. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The minimum sample size was 137 preterms. 45.5% of cases were born between 34 and increased the risk of having a preterm birth meanwhile being married (AOR: 0.410;95% CI: 0.217 - 0.773;p = 0.006) decreased the risk. Hospital complications were neonatal infection 103 (51.5%), respiratory distress 79 (39.5%) and neonatal jaundice 61 (30.50%). Among the cases, 97 (48.50%) stayed in the hospital for 2 to 4 weeks and 177 (88.5%) were discharged alive. Conclusions: Modifiable factors that increased the risk of prematurity were advanced maternal age, secondary level of education, rural residence, and prenatal alcohol consumption. Being married decreased the risk. The most common hospital complications in both the cases and controls were neonatal infection, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal jaundice.展开更多
文摘Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.
文摘Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.
基金funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP19K19762,JP 23K10258)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Japan.
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.
文摘BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to assess both the mental and physical health of their patients,leading to the provision of holistic nursing care.AIM To investigate the relationship between nurses’mental health literacy levels and their holistic nursing competencies,as well as their nursing professional selfefficacy.METHODS This study is cross-sectional,correlational research.The study sample consisted of a total of 261 volunteer nurses working in a training and research hospital and a state hospital between March 11,2024 and April 8,2024.Data were collected face to face with the“Descriptive Data Form”,“Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS)”,“Holistic Nursing Competence Scale(HNCS)”,and the“Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale(NPSES)”.RESULTS The mean scale scores for the nurses were as follows:MHLS:95.88±11.67;HNCS:179.46±33.82;NPSES:64.79±11.24.A low-level positive correlation was found between the total scores of the MHLS,HNCS,and NPSES,and a moderate-level positive correlation was observed between the total scores of the HNCS and NPSES.These correlations were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION It is recommended that initiatives be undertaken to enhance the mental health literacy and holistic nursing competencies of nurses and that similar studies be conducted with nurses in different institutions and with a larger number of nurses.
文摘Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role of Ottawa Tai Chi Chuan Association(OTCA)and Taoist Tai Chi Society(TTCS)-in promoting Tai Chi and traditional health practices rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in Ottawa.Methods:Archive research was used to investigate origins,organizational structures,and programs of the associations.Documents were obtained from the personal collections,websites,and Ottawa Archives.Secondary literature on Tai Chi’s history in China and Chinese immigration to Ottawa provided contextual insights.Results:In the twentieth century,Tai Chi in China's mainland underwent significant transformations,aligning with nation-building,social reform,public health promotion,and cultural influence.Since the 1970s,the demographic composition of Canada’s Chinese community has become diversified.Some community members played a critical role in transmitting Tai Chi to Canada by establishing OTCA and TTCS.Through a variety of Tai Chi programs,workshops,and community engagement,OTCA and TTCS promoted Tai Chi as a holistic health practice rooted in TCM and traditional cultural principles in different approaches.OTCA primarily served the Chinese community,focusing on diverse forms,techniques,and theories.In contrast,Ottawa’s TTCS,as a satellite association,emphasized Taoist-inspired Tai Chi and cultivation passed down by the founder,Moy Linshin,to accommodate members from diverse cultural backgrounds.OTCA and TTCS created inclusive mind-body communities for individuals to engage in Tai Chi as a culturally meaningful practice and a means of fostering social connection and holistic wellness.Conclusion:OTCA and TTCS significantly revitalized while adapted Tai Chi and TCM practices to Western contexts,integrating its historical roots with western health ideas to establish it as a widely recognized mind-body discipline and alternative therapy.
基金Undergraduate Research Grants,Walailak University.
文摘Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explore the prevalence of SBS and its association with indoor air quality and workplace environments among healthcare workers in five hospital departments in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand.Methods:Indoor air quality was assessed over eight days,measuring microbial concentrations(bacteria,fungi),temperature,humidity,and carbon dioxide levels.Demographic data and SBS symptoms were also collected from healthcare workers.Results:The findings revealed that fungal concentrations were highest in the pharmacy(51.95±37.59)colony forming units(CFU)per m^(3),while bacterial concentrations peaked in the outpatient department(265.06±49.46)CFU/m3.The study identified Staphylococcus hominis and Micrococcus luteus as the dominant microbial species in the air environment.A moderate positive correlation was found between bacterial concentrations and humidity(r=0.43,P=0.046).SBS symptoms were prevalent among healthcare workers,with 75.58%reporting issues like dry eyes and fatigue.The total complaint score for SBS correlated positively with indoor pollutant levels,especially fungi(r=0.38,P<0.001).Frequent cleaning reduced SBS complaints significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hospital departments with more frequent cleaning practices exhibited lower SBS complaints,highlighting the importance of cleaning frequency in reducing SBS-related issues.These findings provide actionable insights for improving workplace safety and indoor air quality in healthcare settings.
文摘Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective of this work is to contribute to the management of OF cases in CAR. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including data from several OF care services. The study included 245 cases of OF, operated on from 2009 to 2018. The parameters studied were maternal and obstetrical data, sociodemographic data, the specific characteristics of the fistulas as well as the modalities and outcome of surgical treatment. The data collected came from six (6) OF surgical repair campaigns organized by the Ministry of Health and Population with the support of UNFPA. Results: We recorded 245 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.77% of OF per year. Among these patients, almost half (45.3%) were treated at the Sino-Central African Friendship University Hospital Center (CHUASC). The average age of the patients was 30 years (range 14 to 78 years). They were unschooled (53.9%) and primigravidas (35%). The fistulas had an average duration of evolution of 7.58 years. They were vesicovaginal in 25.3%. Types V and I dominated in 17.4% and 9.2%, respectively. In 85.9% of cases, fistulorrhaphy was performed, half of which (50.2%) via the upper route. The cure rate was 83.3%. Note that our study reveals statistically significant links between the evolution after surgery with age (p = 0.04 Conclusion: OF mainly affected women of childbearing age, uneducated, primiparous. Vesicovaginal fistula was the frequently encountered type and was manifested by urine loss clinically with a positive methylene blue test.
文摘Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due to the frequency of other types of joint diseases and the existence of degenerative and dystrophic valve disease. In adults, the initial rheumatic attack is marked by the predominance of joint damage over cardiac damage. However, it is often at this age that rheumatic valve disease is discovered. The revised Jones criteria also find their place in the diagnosis of AAR in adults. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in the General Medicine Department of the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study examined the demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) at the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital, Guinea, between April 1 and September 31, 2021 according to Jones criteria. The data were collected on a form containing sociodemographic variables (age, sex, profession), rheumatological, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological clinical signs, biological variables and treatment. Results: Figure 1 shows the flow of the hospital frequency of the RAA in the General Medicine Department of the Prefectural Hospital of Siguiri. During the study period, 420 patients were hospitalized, of whom 161 patients had AAR, a frequency of 38.33%. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients diagnosed with ARB, by sociodemographic characteristics. The average age was 44.7 ± 19.78 years and the extremes of 14 and 90 years, the female sex dominated with a ratio of 0.75. The informal sector was in the majority in 45.34% of cases and most were illiterate, i.e. 53.42%. In our study, the incidence was lower during the dry season than during the rainy season, a hot season with high rainfall and humidity, the rainy period was a provider with a peak in August and September. The lifestyle was characterized by overcrowding in 87.58% of patients. The main complaint was fever, i.e. 88.82%. Rheumatological manifestations such as arthritis were 98.14%, chest pain was 37.89% (61 cases). The diagnosis was confirmed by ASLO titration in 85.71% of patients and 98.55% (136 cases) had a titration greater than 400 U/ml. Conclusion: The results obtained from our study show a high prevalence of acute rheumatic fever, which makes it a worrying health problem in the Siguiri health district. Young female adult patients, married with an informal profession and not in school residing in Siguiri were the most encountered in our study. The main functional signs mentioned by the patients were fever, cough and abdominal pain;osteoarticular pain and chest pain dominated the clinical picture. Almost all of our patients had an ASLO titer greater than 400 U/ml and a positive C-reactive protein. Our results show a high risk of spread of acute rheumatic fever within the population of Siguiri. Due to the serious complications caused by acute rheumatic fever, particular attention must be paid to it by carrying out other, much larger studies in order to identify the problem of RAA.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
基金funded by a Christenson Professorship in Active Healthy Livingfunded by the Health Sciences TD Bank Undergraduate Research Awardsupport from the FIFA Female Athlete Project
文摘Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.
文摘Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.
文摘In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much interest in the Central African Republic (CAR), although salmonellosis remains a health problem requiring national and international surveillance. Methodology: The study conducted at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic (LNBCSP) was a retrospective descriptive study. The study duration was five years (January 2019 to December 2023). The study sample consisted of patients who underwent bacteriological testing of stool, blood and urine samples for Salmonella at the LNBCSP in Bangui during this period. Study variables were age, sex, year and bacteriological test results. Statistical tests were used to compare incidences. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to measure the degree of association. Results: From 2019 to 2023, we recorded 353 Salmonella strains, of which 5% were found in blood, 37% in urine and 58% in stool. Patient age ranged from 1 to 86 years, with a mean of 27 ± 22.05 years and a mode of 5 years. Children aged 0 to 14 years (34%) and females (55.81%) predominated. The highest rate of contamination by Salmonella strains was 1.69% in 2022. The overall incidence of salmonellosis was 6.72 in 2019, 7.05 in 2020, 6.91 in 2021, 16.9 in 2022 and 6.26 in 2023 per 1000 samples. Resistance was 30.47% to β_lactam antibiotics, 24.22% to fluroquinolones and 37.97% to Salmonella spp. For Salmonella arizonae strains, resistance was 20.25% to aminoglycosides, 43.67% to chloramphenicol and 7.59% to imipenem. Conclusion: Laboratory-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is needed in both human and veterinary medicine. Another study based on molecular characterization will identify new antibiotic-resistant variants circulating in CAR.
基金support by the National Institutes of Health (NIH),National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,award number T32 HD091058
文摘Background:The period following pregnancy is a critical time window when future habits with respect to physical activity(PA) and sedentary behavior(SB) are established;therefore,it warrants guidance.The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize public health-oriented country-specific postpartum PA and SB guidelines worldwide.Methods:To identity guidelines published since 2010,we performed a(a) systematic search of 4 databases(CINAHL,Global Health,PubMed,and SPORTDiscus),(b) structured repeatable web-based search separately for 194 countries,and(c) separate web-based search.Only the most recent guideline was included for each country.Results:We identified 22 countries with public health-oriented postpartum guidelines for PA and 11 countries with SB guidelines.The continents with guidelines included Europe(n=12),Asia(n=5),Oceania(n=2),Africa(n=1),North America(n=1),and South America(n=1).The most common benefits recorded for PA included weight control/management(n=10),reducing the risk of postpartum depression or depressive symptoms(n=9),and improving mood/well-being(n=8).Postpartum guidelines specified exercises to engage in,including pelvic floor exercises(n=17);muscle strengthening,weight training,or resistance exercises(n=13);aerobics/general aerobic activity(n=13);walking(n=11);cycling(n=9);and swimming(n=9).Eleven guidelines remarked on the interaction between PA and breastfeeding;several guidelines stated that PA did not impact breast milk quantity(n=7),breast milk quality(n=6),or infant growth(n=3).For SB,suggestions included limiting long-term sitting and interrupting sitting with PA.Conclusion:Country-specific postpartum guidelines for PA and SB can help promote healthy behaviors using a culturally appropriate context while providing specific guidance to public health practitioners.
基金supported by the grants from University of Macao,China,Nos.MYRG2022-00221-ICMS(to YZ)and MYRG-CRG2022-00011-ICMS(to RW)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010034(to YZ)。
文摘Ischemic stroke is a secondary cause of mortality worldwide,imposing considerable medical and economic burdens on society.Extracellular vesicles,serving as natural nanocarriers for drug delivery,exhibit excellent biocompatibility in vivo and have significant advantages in the management of ischemic stroke.However,the uncertain distribution and rapid clearance of extracellular vesicles impede their delivery efficiency.By utilizing membrane decoration or by encapsulating therapeutic cargo within extracellular vesicles,their delivery efficacy may be greatly improved.Furthermore,previous studies have indicated that microvesicles,a subset of large-sized extracellular vesicles,can transport mitochondria to neighboring cells,thereby aiding in the restoration of mitochondrial function post-ischemic stroke.Small extracellular vesicles have also demonstrated the capability to transfer mitochondrial components,such as proteins or deoxyribonucleic acid,or their sub-components,for extracellular vesicle-based ischemic stroke therapy.In this review,we undertake a comparative analysis of the isolation techniques employed for extracellular vesicles and present an overview of the current dominant extracellular vesicle modification methodologies.Given the complex facets of treating ischemic stroke,we also delineate various extracellular vesicle modification approaches which are suited to different facets of the treatment process.Moreover,given the burgeoning interest in mitochondrial delivery,we delved into the feasibility and existing research findings on the transportation of mitochondrial fractions or intact mitochondria through small extracellular vesicles and microvesicles to offer a fresh perspective on ischemic stroke therapy.
文摘Objectives:In the sphere of occupational intensity,nursing stands recognized for its inherently demanding nature,marked by a rapid succession of tasks.Our primary aim was to assess the level of job intensity within nursing by analyzing the frequency and duration of activities performed by nurses,instances of task overlap,and the distribution of break times within a primary healthcare center.Methods:This study was conducted using a descriptive working method.Nursing activities were recorded with the observation of six nurses,each monitored for 37.5 h.We used the Maribor System for measuring Quantity in Nursing Care in Primary Health Care Settings to measure the nursing care activities about direct patient care,indirect patient care,and other unproductive aspects through direct non-participant observations.Results:About 41.5%(n=1,640)of all nursing activities involving direct contact with patients,about 38.2%(n=1,508)was indirect patient care,where a large amount worked with paper files(n=666,16.9%).In addition,about 15.0%were other nursing activities(mostly computer work),and just 5.3%(n=210)of tasks were unproductive.The observational findings indicate a pronounced level of work intensity experienced by nurses in primary health clinics.Significantly,nurses were predominantly engaged in direct patient care tasks,often managing multiple activities simultaneously.Their transitions between tasks occurred approximately every 3 min,frequently without adequate intervals for breaks.Conclusions:This study highlights the need to shift nurses’focus from a task-centric approach to one centered on patient care.The prevailing emphasis on tasks may contribute to enduring fatigue and professional dissatisfaction.Consequently,there is an urgent need to redefine the scope of a nurse’s role and implement a comprehensive computer information system as an integral part of this redefined approach.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of acute and late toxicities,as well as changes in the quality of life(QOL)for breast cancer patients following radiotherapy(RT).Materials and Methods:A total of 108 breast cancer women were recruited for this prospective study.Data were collected at various intervals;prior to,and 1,3,6 months,and 1 year after radiation therapy.The primary outcomes were toxicity radiation therapy oncology group/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer(EORTC)criteria.Our secondary outcome was QOL,measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale.We employed Friedman’s two-way analysis to evaluate the changes in QOL over the course of 1 year.Results:The early toxicities that are most commonly experienced include pharyngeal,skin,and mucous membrane toxicity.Late toxicities frequently involve skin and submucosal toxicity.To measure patient functionality,all functional subscale scores except for the patient’s emotional state increased over time compared to pre-RT.Symptoms of the patients,which were included in the QOL symptom scale,decreased during the follow-up period,except for fatigue;however,changes in pain,insomnia,and loss of appetite did not significantly change.We identified the analogous symptom profiles in Edmonton.Although patients’overall health scores declined in the 1st and 3rd months after radiotherapy(RT),they rebounded at 6 and 12 months.Conclusion:For breast cancer patients,RT did not adversely affect functional capacity or exacerbate symptoms,but persistent fatigue did increase during the observation period.Health-care professionals ought to devise strategies to assist patients with skin toxicity and fatigue.
文摘Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.
文摘In Africa, each year, there are estimated to be more than 91 million cases of salmonellosis and 137,000 cases of death. The problem of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is a threat to public health. The objective of this study is to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated in biological products analyzed at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health (NLCBPH) in Bangui. This is, therefore, a cross-sectional study with a descriptive aim, running from January to December 2022. It focused on the strains of Salmonella isolated and identified in stools, urines, and blood samples. For each strain of Salmonella isolated, an antibiogram was carried out following the recommendations of the French Society of Microbiology (CASFM, 2022). A total of 93 strains of Salmonella have been recorded. The age group 0 - 9 years was 29% and that of >50 years was 11%. The median age of patients was 30 years with a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 78 years. The female gender was more represented at 52.69% than the male gender at 47.31%, i.e. a sex ratio of 0.89 (M/F). Salmonella strains were much more isolated in stools at 62% followed by urines at 29% and blood at 6%. Salmonella arizonae strains were more represented with 52%. Salmonella strains have a resistance rate to Tetracycline of 62.37% followed by Penicillins of 50%. The rate of multi-antibiotic resistance of the Salmonella strains isolated represented 48.38%. Salmonella spp. strains were multi-resistant at 58.69% followed by Salmonella arizonae strains at 47.91%. There is a significant association between the different families of antibiotics and Salmonella strains (p < 0.05). According to the results obtained, Penicillins, Phenicoles, and Cyclins had a high rate of resistance on Salmonella strains. No strain-producing Broad Spectrum Beta-lactamase has been isolated. Salmonella strains represent a zoonotic health danger, constitute a public health problem and remain a current subject. This germ is resistant to the antibiotics used. It is, therefore, essential to emphasize monitoring the resistance of these germs in the Central African Republic (CAR) to improve the health of the population.
文摘Background: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Most preterm births can be associated to an identifiable risk factor. In Cameroon, especially in the Southwest Region, there is limited data regarding prematurity associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and complications of prematurity in two health facilities in the Fako division, the BRH and RHL. Methods: A hospital based retrospective case control study was done from the 1<sup>st</sup> of January 2021 to 28<sup>th</sup> of February 2022. We assessed the gestational ages at which preterm birth occurred and their short-term outcome using a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from files. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The minimum sample size was 137 preterms. 45.5% of cases were born between 34 and increased the risk of having a preterm birth meanwhile being married (AOR: 0.410;95% CI: 0.217 - 0.773;p = 0.006) decreased the risk. Hospital complications were neonatal infection 103 (51.5%), respiratory distress 79 (39.5%) and neonatal jaundice 61 (30.50%). Among the cases, 97 (48.50%) stayed in the hospital for 2 to 4 weeks and 177 (88.5%) were discharged alive. Conclusions: Modifiable factors that increased the risk of prematurity were advanced maternal age, secondary level of education, rural residence, and prenatal alcohol consumption. Being married decreased the risk. The most common hospital complications in both the cases and controls were neonatal infection, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal jaundice.
