Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey wa...Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.展开更多
Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization ...Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.展开更多
Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva a...Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.展开更多
Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and...Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.展开更多
BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to...BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to assess both the mental and physical health of their patients,leading to the provision of holistic nursing care.AIM To investigate the relationship between nurses’mental health literacy levels and their holistic nursing competencies,as well as their nursing professional selfefficacy.METHODS This study is cross-sectional,correlational research.The study sample consisted of a total of 261 volunteer nurses working in a training and research hospital and a state hospital between March 11,2024 and April 8,2024.Data were collected face to face with the“Descriptive Data Form”,“Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS)”,“Holistic Nursing Competence Scale(HNCS)”,and the“Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale(NPSES)”.RESULTS The mean scale scores for the nurses were as follows:MHLS:95.88±11.67;HNCS:179.46±33.82;NPSES:64.79±11.24.A low-level positive correlation was found between the total scores of the MHLS,HNCS,and NPSES,and a moderate-level positive correlation was observed between the total scores of the HNCS and NPSES.These correlations were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION It is recommended that initiatives be undertaken to enhance the mental health literacy and holistic nursing competencies of nurses and that similar studies be conducted with nurses in different institutions and with a larger number of nurses.展开更多
Purpose:To consolidate and evaluate meta-analyses reporting the effects of blood flow restricted exercise(BFRE)on measures of health and physical fitness across all populations.Methods:This preregistered umbrella revi...Purpose:To consolidate and evaluate meta-analyses reporting the effects of blood flow restricted exercise(BFRE)on measures of health and physical fitness across all populations.Methods:This preregistered umbrella review followed PRISMA guidelines.A comprehensive search of five databases identified meta-analyses evaluating the effects of BFRE interventions(aerobic,resistance,combined)compared to exercising and non-exercising control conditions on measures of health and performance.A multilevel meta-analysis of standardised mean differences(SMDs)was conducted to examine the effects of BFRE.Subgroup analyses were conducted for the participant and intervention characteristics.Risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2.Results:47 meta-analyses comprised of 265 unique studies were included.All reviews were rated as low-moderate quality.BFRE had a small effect on hypertrophy(SMD=0.39,p<0.001)and a moderate effect on strength(SMD=0.61,p<0.001)when compared to low load,but not high load resistance training(hypertrophy,SMD=-0.13,p=0.142;strength,SMD=-0.28,p<0.001).BFRE had small-to-moderate effects on aerobic fitness(SMD=0.50,p<0.001),vascular health(SMD=0.45,p<0.001),blood pressure(SMD=0.46,p<0.001),and muscular power(SMD=0.56,p<0.001).BFRE had no effect on physical function(SMD=0.16,p=0.096),pain(SMD=0.00,p=0.996),and speed(SMD=0.22,p=0.213).Conclusions:BFRE is a viable option to improve hypertrophy,strength,aerobic fitness,and vascular health across various populations,though its effects on hypertrophy and strength are smaller when compared to traditional high load resistance training.It doesn't appear to offer any additional benefits than other training methods for physical function,pain,or speed,although sub-analyses suggest further research is warranted in select areas of application.展开更多
In recent years,significant insights have been gathered into the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCD).To speed up the implementation of evidence-based lif...In recent years,significant insights have been gathered into the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCD).To speed up the implementation of evidence-based lifestyle medicine,we developed a research agenda in collaboration with Dutch experts in treating NCD,using a hybrid Delphi approach.The research agenda focuses on four key themes:(1)promoting sustainable behavioural change at patient,healthcare professional and organisational levels;(2)optimising research designs,methodology and outcomes for the evaluation of effectiveness and implementation of lifestyle medicine modalities in healthcare practice;(3)elucidating biological mechanisms underlying successful lifestyle interventions and(4)advancing data infrastructure to ensure accessible data for citizens,healthcare professionals,researchers and health insurers for monitoring and evaluation of health and lifestyle outcomes.Collectively,the identified knowledge questions across these four themes provide guidance for(applied)research towards lifestyle medicine in healthcare.展开更多
Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role ...Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role of Ottawa Tai Chi Chuan Association(OTCA)and Taoist Tai Chi Society(TTCS)-in promoting Tai Chi and traditional health practices rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in Ottawa.Methods:Archive research was used to investigate origins,organizational structures,and programs of the associations.Documents were obtained from the personal collections,websites,and Ottawa Archives.Secondary literature on Tai Chi’s history in China and Chinese immigration to Ottawa provided contextual insights.Results:In the twentieth century,Tai Chi in China's mainland underwent significant transformations,aligning with nation-building,social reform,public health promotion,and cultural influence.Since the 1970s,the demographic composition of Canada’s Chinese community has become diversified.Some community members played a critical role in transmitting Tai Chi to Canada by establishing OTCA and TTCS.Through a variety of Tai Chi programs,workshops,and community engagement,OTCA and TTCS promoted Tai Chi as a holistic health practice rooted in TCM and traditional cultural principles in different approaches.OTCA primarily served the Chinese community,focusing on diverse forms,techniques,and theories.In contrast,Ottawa’s TTCS,as a satellite association,emphasized Taoist-inspired Tai Chi and cultivation passed down by the founder,Moy Linshin,to accommodate members from diverse cultural backgrounds.OTCA and TTCS created inclusive mind-body communities for individuals to engage in Tai Chi as a culturally meaningful practice and a means of fostering social connection and holistic wellness.Conclusion:OTCA and TTCS significantly revitalized while adapted Tai Chi and TCM practices to Western contexts,integrating its historical roots with western health ideas to establish it as a widely recognized mind-body discipline and alternative therapy.展开更多
Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explor...Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explore the prevalence of SBS and its association with indoor air quality and workplace environments among healthcare workers in five hospital departments in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand.Methods:Indoor air quality was assessed over eight days,measuring microbial concentrations(bacteria,fungi),temperature,humidity,and carbon dioxide levels.Demographic data and SBS symptoms were also collected from healthcare workers.Results:The findings revealed that fungal concentrations were highest in the pharmacy(51.95±37.59)colony forming units(CFU)per m^(3),while bacterial concentrations peaked in the outpatient department(265.06±49.46)CFU/m3.The study identified Staphylococcus hominis and Micrococcus luteus as the dominant microbial species in the air environment.A moderate positive correlation was found between bacterial concentrations and humidity(r=0.43,P=0.046).SBS symptoms were prevalent among healthcare workers,with 75.58%reporting issues like dry eyes and fatigue.The total complaint score for SBS correlated positively with indoor pollutant levels,especially fungi(r=0.38,P<0.001).Frequent cleaning reduced SBS complaints significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hospital departments with more frequent cleaning practices exhibited lower SBS complaints,highlighting the importance of cleaning frequency in reducing SBS-related issues.These findings provide actionable insights for improving workplace safety and indoor air quality in healthcare settings.展开更多
Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective...Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective of this work is to contribute to the management of OF cases in CAR. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including data from several OF care services. The study included 245 cases of OF, operated on from 2009 to 2018. The parameters studied were maternal and obstetrical data, sociodemographic data, the specific characteristics of the fistulas as well as the modalities and outcome of surgical treatment. The data collected came from six (6) OF surgical repair campaigns organized by the Ministry of Health and Population with the support of UNFPA. Results: We recorded 245 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.77% of OF per year. Among these patients, almost half (45.3%) were treated at the Sino-Central African Friendship University Hospital Center (CHUASC). The average age of the patients was 30 years (range 14 to 78 years). They were unschooled (53.9%) and primigravidas (35%). The fistulas had an average duration of evolution of 7.58 years. They were vesicovaginal in 25.3%. Types V and I dominated in 17.4% and 9.2%, respectively. In 85.9% of cases, fistulorrhaphy was performed, half of which (50.2%) via the upper route. The cure rate was 83.3%. Note that our study reveals statistically significant links between the evolution after surgery with age (p = 0.04 Conclusion: OF mainly affected women of childbearing age, uneducated, primiparous. Vesicovaginal fistula was the frequently encountered type and was manifested by urine loss clinically with a positive methylene blue test.展开更多
Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due...Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due to the frequency of other types of joint diseases and the existence of degenerative and dystrophic valve disease. In adults, the initial rheumatic attack is marked by the predominance of joint damage over cardiac damage. However, it is often at this age that rheumatic valve disease is discovered. The revised Jones criteria also find their place in the diagnosis of AAR in adults. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in the General Medicine Department of the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study examined the demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) at the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital, Guinea, between April 1 and September 31, 2021 according to Jones criteria. The data were collected on a form containing sociodemographic variables (age, sex, profession), rheumatological, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological clinical signs, biological variables and treatment. Results: Figure 1 shows the flow of the hospital frequency of the RAA in the General Medicine Department of the Prefectural Hospital of Siguiri. During the study period, 420 patients were hospitalized, of whom 161 patients had AAR, a frequency of 38.33%. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients diagnosed with ARB, by sociodemographic characteristics. The average age was 44.7 ± 19.78 years and the extremes of 14 and 90 years, the female sex dominated with a ratio of 0.75. The informal sector was in the majority in 45.34% of cases and most were illiterate, i.e. 53.42%. In our study, the incidence was lower during the dry season than during the rainy season, a hot season with high rainfall and humidity, the rainy period was a provider with a peak in August and September. The lifestyle was characterized by overcrowding in 87.58% of patients. The main complaint was fever, i.e. 88.82%. Rheumatological manifestations such as arthritis were 98.14%, chest pain was 37.89% (61 cases). The diagnosis was confirmed by ASLO titration in 85.71% of patients and 98.55% (136 cases) had a titration greater than 400 U/ml. Conclusion: The results obtained from our study show a high prevalence of acute rheumatic fever, which makes it a worrying health problem in the Siguiri health district. Young female adult patients, married with an informal profession and not in school residing in Siguiri were the most encountered in our study. The main functional signs mentioned by the patients were fever, cough and abdominal pain;osteoarticular pain and chest pain dominated the clinical picture. Almost all of our patients had an ASLO titer greater than 400 U/ml and a positive C-reactive protein. Our results show a high risk of spread of acute rheumatic fever within the population of Siguiri. Due to the serious complications caused by acute rheumatic fever, particular attention must be paid to it by carrying out other, much larger studies in order to identify the problem of RAA.展开更多
Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athl...Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inf...BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.展开更多
Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use a...Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.展开更多
In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much inte...In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much interest in the Central African Republic (CAR), although salmonellosis remains a health problem requiring national and international surveillance. Methodology: The study conducted at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic (LNBCSP) was a retrospective descriptive study. The study duration was five years (January 2019 to December 2023). The study sample consisted of patients who underwent bacteriological testing of stool, blood and urine samples for Salmonella at the LNBCSP in Bangui during this period. Study variables were age, sex, year and bacteriological test results. Statistical tests were used to compare incidences. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to measure the degree of association. Results: From 2019 to 2023, we recorded 353 Salmonella strains, of which 5% were found in blood, 37% in urine and 58% in stool. Patient age ranged from 1 to 86 years, with a mean of 27 ± 22.05 years and a mode of 5 years. Children aged 0 to 14 years (34%) and females (55.81%) predominated. The highest rate of contamination by Salmonella strains was 1.69% in 2022. The overall incidence of salmonellosis was 6.72 in 2019, 7.05 in 2020, 6.91 in 2021, 16.9 in 2022 and 6.26 in 2023 per 1000 samples. Resistance was 30.47% to β_lactam antibiotics, 24.22% to fluroquinolones and 37.97% to Salmonella spp. For Salmonella arizonae strains, resistance was 20.25% to aminoglycosides, 43.67% to chloramphenicol and 7.59% to imipenem. Conclusion: Laboratory-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is needed in both human and veterinary medicine. Another study based on molecular characterization will identify new antibiotic-resistant variants circulating in CAR.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant...Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.展开更多
This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECA...This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECAR(n = 24) or TENS(n = 26) session within 5 days following a hamstring injury, while the control(CON, n = 25)group was instructed to rest. Visual analogue scale(VAS), functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries(FASH), straight leg raise test(SLR), and sit-and-reach scores(STR) were obtained prior to, immediately,24, and 48 h after therapy. Group differences were detected after therapy in VAS and FASH scores(p < 0.05).Compared to pre-therapy measurements, VAS scores showed a greater decrease in the TECAR group(-38.75% to-63.33%) than in the TENS group(-16.67% to-25.00%) and both were greater than in the CON group(-2.81%to-9.81%)(p < 0.05). The TECAR group improved FASH scores(28.57%–48.21%) more than the TENS group(15.89%–27.79%) and both groups more than the CON group(0%–8.33%)(p < 0.05). The increase in SLR and STR was greater in the TECAR group(6.26%–13.96%) than in the TENS(1.72%–9.53%) and CON groups(0%–3.03%). These results suggest that in the acute phase of hamstring injury, the use of TECAR and, to a lesser extent, TENS may relieve pain symptoms and bring some improvements in flexibility more than instructing patients to rest.展开更多
Exercise produces a decrease in pain sensitivity via an effect called exercise-induced hypoalgesia(EIH).Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),acting on similar analgesic mechanisms as EIH,represents a potentia...Exercise produces a decrease in pain sensitivity via an effect called exercise-induced hypoalgesia(EIH).Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),acting on similar analgesic mechanisms as EIH,represents a potential complementary intervention that may amplify the effects of exercise on pain.This study aimed to explore if anodal tDCS could enhance the effect of exercise on pain compared to exercise alone.A total of 35 healthy participants aged 19–37 years completed a familiarisation session followed by two separate sessions where active and sham tDCS was applied in a randomised cross-over design.The familiarisation session involved familiarisation to the pain assessment and exercise tasks,while the subsequent tDCS sessions involved pain sensitivity assessment,exercise and either anodal tDCS or sham tDCS.tDCS doses were applied at 2 mA over the primary motor cortex for 10 min,with the reference electrode placed over the contralateral supraorbital area.The exercise task involved a sustained isometric grip strength contraction at 35%of maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)until volitional exhaustion.Pain sensitivity was evaluated as pressure pain threshold before tDCS,after tDCS,and after exercise.Across both tDCS conditions,pain threshold was higher after exercise when compared to pre-and post-tDCS measurement.This increase in pain threshold did not differ between active and sham tDCS conditions.Our findings suggest that the hypoalgesic effects of active anodal tDCS over the motor cortex prior to exercise are no greater than the effects of sham tDCS prior to exercise.展开更多
Background:Bullying during adolescence is shaped by numerous psychosocial factors such as family dynamics,attachment,and peer relationships.This study aims to examine parental acceptance-rejection,attachment styles,an...Background:Bullying during adolescence is shaped by numerous psychosocial factors such as family dynamics,attachment,and peer relationships.This study aims to examine parental acceptance-rejection,attachment styles,and social exclusion factors as key psychosocial variables predicting bullying behavior in adolescents.Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted with 349 high school students in Hakkari,Türkiye.Data were collected using the Olweus Bullying Scale,the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Scale,the Social Exclusion Scale,and the Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale.Independent samples t-tests,one-way ANOVAs,Pearson correlations,and hierarchical regression analyses were performed.Results:Research findings reveal that peer bullying varies significantly according to gender,class level,parents’educational level,and socio-economic status.Furthermore,our findings indicate that social exclusion(β=0.506,p<0.01)and avoidant attachment(β=0.162,p<0.01)positively predict peer bullying,while secure attachment(β=−0.205,p<0.01),maternal(β=−0.385,p<0.01)and paternal(β=−0.217,p<0.01)acceptance/rejection negatively predict bullying.The final regression model explains approximately 55%of the variance in bullying.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that social exclusion,parental acceptance/rejection,and secure or avoidant attachment patterns may be associated with bullying behaviour in adolescents.These findings emphasise the necessity of family-and peer-focused interventions to combat bullying.展开更多
Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to inves...Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to investigate the hormonal response as a predictor of sperm retrieval among men with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Methods:Seventy-seven consecutive patients who had testosterone levels≤14 nmol/L were treated medically with an aromatase inhibitor or recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin(rec-hCG)prior to micro-TESE and were included.Thirty-four(44.2%)had unexplained NOA(UNEX),25(32.5%)had Klinefelter syndrome(KS),8(10.4%)had a history of cryptorchidism(UDT),4(5.2%)had microdeletion of the Azoospermia factor C(AZFc),and 6(7.8%)were treated previously with chemotherapy.Baseline and post-treatment serum hormonal levels were documented.Pre-op testosterone levels were entered into binary logistic regressions with age,Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and Luteinizing hormone(LH)levels to test for significance with sperm retrieval.We then built logistic regression models to identify predictors of successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR).Results:Forty-five patients(58%)had successful retrieval.In 32 patients(42%),no sperm was retrieved.Both the mean pre-op testosterone and the mean testosterone change between the two groups were significant(p=0.02 and p=0.011,respectively).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.785(95%CI=0.685-0.886,p<0.001).The Youden index coefficient was calculated for KS and UNEX.The cut-off point for KS was established at 0.764(sensitivity=0.875,false positive rate[FPR]=0.111),and 0.215 for UNEX(sensitivity=0.438,FPR=0.222).We also observed a correlation between age and SSR(p=0.05).In KS patients,SSR was determined by pre-op testosterone levels irrespective of age.Conclusion:Pre-operative hormonal response is a predictor for SSR in NOA patients who were treated medically.This data may help during pre-operative counselling.展开更多
文摘Objective:The study aimed to determine the faculty of the health sciences students’knowledge and attitudes regarding the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional survey was completed with 317 undergraduate students of one health sciences faculty in Turkey.The data were collected between March 1,2020,and March 15,2020,by face-to-face interviews using a questionnaire created by the researchers.Number,percentage,mean,standard deviation,and Pearson Chi-square test were used to evaluate the data.Results:In this study,a high proportion of students answered questions about COVID-19 correctly.About 55.8%of the students took partial precautions against COVID-19 to protect themselves against COVID-19 and“frequent washing of hands”was the most common precaution.We determined that the main reasons for not taking any precautions against COVID-19 were“low number of cases in Turkey”and“getting irritated by the mask.”About 98.4%of the participants were entirely/partially following the news on COVID-19,with social media being the most commonly used medium.Female students took more protective measures than male students.The 1st-year students had more positive thoughts about vaccination compared to those in the other classes.Conclusions:Although the knowledge of the students about COVID-19 was good in the first wave of the pandemic,more than half of the students stated that they partially complied with the protective measures.
文摘Introduction: Refractive error is recognized as one of the most important causes of correctable visual impairment and affects people of all ages, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 285 million people globally were visually impaired, with 39 million blinds. The aim of this study is to access the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health sciences students about the refractive error in Nampula, Mozambique. Material and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study including health sciences students of Lúrio University in Nampula, applying a questionnaire to access their knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning the refractive error. The collected data were entered into SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Frequency distribution and central tendency measures (mean, median) were used to summarize the descriptive part of the study. Results were described using tables and running text. Sample students were included after obtaining informed consent. Results: A total of 298 students participated in the study, 50.3% female, with average age of 24 ± 5.4 years. 69.8% had an eye exam and 54.7% believe they have good vision, 58.1% say that wearing glasses is the main method of correcting refractive errors. 92.3% refer to the Central Hospital as the best place to provide eye health services. The main reason for not purchasing the glasses was their cost (47.3%) and the alternative method for spectacle users was contact lenses (81.0%). The students’ attitudes were positive towards the use of glasses. Conclusion: Visual health education about the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding refractive errors among students must be intensified to ensure good dissemination of information in the surrounding communities enrolled in the health promotion program “One Student, One Family” implemented by Lúrio University in Nampula.
文摘Background: We monitored changes in salivary creatine pre-and post-high-intensity exercise in young adults while also investigating the potential correlation between salivary and serum creatine levels.Method: Saliva and serum samples were collected before and immediately after an incremental running-toexhaustion treadmill test in fifteen young adults(mean age [23.9 ± 2.9] years, eight females), with samples analyzed for guanidinoacetic acid, creatine, and creatinine using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.Results: Following exercise, there was a substantial elevation in salivary creatine levels from(17.5 ± 14.2)μmol·L^(-1) to(43.6 ± 30.4) μmol·L^(-1)(p < 0.001), coupled with a significant increase in salivary creatinine from(11.3 ± 5.8) μmol·L^(-1) to(17.0 ± 9.3) μmol·L^(-1)(p = 0.04). In contrast, serum creatine levels were unaffected by exercise(p = 0.80), while creatinine levels exhibited a strong tendency to decrease post-exercise(from [81.8 ±17.5] μmol·L^(-1) to [73.1 ± 11.6] μmol·L^(-1);p = 0.06). A comparison of the slopes of the two regression lines(saliva vs. serum) revealed significant differences for both creatine(p = 0.01) and creatinine(p = 0.03).Conclusions: The above findings suggest a potential difference in the dynamics of creatine metabolites in these two bodily fluids, both pre and post-exercise.
基金funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(JP19K19762,JP 23K10258)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Japan.
文摘Objectives:To evaluate the occurrence of depression and its related factors among public health nurses(PHNs)engaged in child neglect-related abuse cases.Methods:A cross-sectional study of PHNs involved in maternal and child health or child and family welfare,and engaged in cases of child neglect-related abuse was conducted from January to March 2023 in all municipalities of 13 prefectures selected from Japan's seven regions,considering geographic diversity and major urban areas.The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 was used to screen for depression.Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,and logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 359 provided valid responses.Among them,11.4%screened positive for depression.Significant individual factors related depression were management-stage nurses(OR=6.27,95%CI:1.63-24.18),no disability welfare experience(OR=3.49,95%CI:1.05-11.55),being assignment of highrisk cases within the past year(OR=8.28,95%CI:2.07-33.08),and lower work control(OR=0.53,95%CI:0.32-0.86).Workplace environment factors were lower perceptions and relationships within the workplace(OR=0.43,95%CI:0.29-0.65)and perceiving manpower as not secured(OR=9.07,95%CI:1.17-70.40),Conclusions:Mental health measures for PHNs should include workload management and reduced burdens through workforce enhancement,attention to burdens on managerial PHNs,promoting communication and mutual support,and opportunities to engage in disability welfare work.
文摘BACKGROUND Given their responsibility for the well-being of individuals,nurses with advanced mental health literacy,along with strong holistic nursing competencies and professional self-efficacy,are better equipped to assess both the mental and physical health of their patients,leading to the provision of holistic nursing care.AIM To investigate the relationship between nurses’mental health literacy levels and their holistic nursing competencies,as well as their nursing professional selfefficacy.METHODS This study is cross-sectional,correlational research.The study sample consisted of a total of 261 volunteer nurses working in a training and research hospital and a state hospital between March 11,2024 and April 8,2024.Data were collected face to face with the“Descriptive Data Form”,“Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS)”,“Holistic Nursing Competence Scale(HNCS)”,and the“Nursing Profession Self-Efficacy Scale(NPSES)”.RESULTS The mean scale scores for the nurses were as follows:MHLS:95.88±11.67;HNCS:179.46±33.82;NPSES:64.79±11.24.A low-level positive correlation was found between the total scores of the MHLS,HNCS,and NPSES,and a moderate-level positive correlation was observed between the total scores of the HNCS and NPSES.These correlations were statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION It is recommended that initiatives be undertaken to enhance the mental health literacy and holistic nursing competencies of nurses and that similar studies be conducted with nurses in different institutions and with a larger number of nurses.
文摘Purpose:To consolidate and evaluate meta-analyses reporting the effects of blood flow restricted exercise(BFRE)on measures of health and physical fitness across all populations.Methods:This preregistered umbrella review followed PRISMA guidelines.A comprehensive search of five databases identified meta-analyses evaluating the effects of BFRE interventions(aerobic,resistance,combined)compared to exercising and non-exercising control conditions on measures of health and performance.A multilevel meta-analysis of standardised mean differences(SMDs)was conducted to examine the effects of BFRE.Subgroup analyses were conducted for the participant and intervention characteristics.Risk of bias was assessed using the AMSTAR-2.Results:47 meta-analyses comprised of 265 unique studies were included.All reviews were rated as low-moderate quality.BFRE had a small effect on hypertrophy(SMD=0.39,p<0.001)and a moderate effect on strength(SMD=0.61,p<0.001)when compared to low load,but not high load resistance training(hypertrophy,SMD=-0.13,p=0.142;strength,SMD=-0.28,p<0.001).BFRE had small-to-moderate effects on aerobic fitness(SMD=0.50,p<0.001),vascular health(SMD=0.45,p<0.001),blood pressure(SMD=0.46,p<0.001),and muscular power(SMD=0.56,p<0.001).BFRE had no effect on physical function(SMD=0.16,p=0.096),pain(SMD=0.00,p=0.996),and speed(SMD=0.22,p=0.213).Conclusions:BFRE is a viable option to improve hypertrophy,strength,aerobic fitness,and vascular health across various populations,though its effects on hypertrophy and strength are smaller when compared to traditional high load resistance training.It doesn't appear to offer any additional benefits than other training methods for physical function,pain,or speed,although sub-analyses suggest further research is warranted in select areas of application.
基金funded by a special programof the Dutch Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport (Ministerie van Volksgezondheid,Welzijn en SportGrant Number N/A).
文摘In recent years,significant insights have been gathered into the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in the treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCD).To speed up the implementation of evidence-based lifestyle medicine,we developed a research agenda in collaboration with Dutch experts in treating NCD,using a hybrid Delphi approach.The research agenda focuses on four key themes:(1)promoting sustainable behavioural change at patient,healthcare professional and organisational levels;(2)optimising research designs,methodology and outcomes for the evaluation of effectiveness and implementation of lifestyle medicine modalities in healthcare practice;(3)elucidating biological mechanisms underlying successful lifestyle interventions and(4)advancing data infrastructure to ensure accessible data for citizens,healthcare professionals,researchers and health insurers for monitoring and evaluation of health and lifestyle outcomes.Collectively,the identified knowledge questions across these four themes provide guidance for(applied)research towards lifestyle medicine in healthcare.
文摘Background:This study examined the development of Tai Chi in Ottawa,Canada,focusing on:(1)traditions and modernization of Tai Chi in China's mainland;(2)the evolution of Ottawa’s Chinese community;and(3)the role of Ottawa Tai Chi Chuan Association(OTCA)and Taoist Tai Chi Society(TTCS)-in promoting Tai Chi and traditional health practices rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in Ottawa.Methods:Archive research was used to investigate origins,organizational structures,and programs of the associations.Documents were obtained from the personal collections,websites,and Ottawa Archives.Secondary literature on Tai Chi’s history in China and Chinese immigration to Ottawa provided contextual insights.Results:In the twentieth century,Tai Chi in China's mainland underwent significant transformations,aligning with nation-building,social reform,public health promotion,and cultural influence.Since the 1970s,the demographic composition of Canada’s Chinese community has become diversified.Some community members played a critical role in transmitting Tai Chi to Canada by establishing OTCA and TTCS.Through a variety of Tai Chi programs,workshops,and community engagement,OTCA and TTCS promoted Tai Chi as a holistic health practice rooted in TCM and traditional cultural principles in different approaches.OTCA primarily served the Chinese community,focusing on diverse forms,techniques,and theories.In contrast,Ottawa’s TTCS,as a satellite association,emphasized Taoist-inspired Tai Chi and cultivation passed down by the founder,Moy Linshin,to accommodate members from diverse cultural backgrounds.OTCA and TTCS created inclusive mind-body communities for individuals to engage in Tai Chi as a culturally meaningful practice and a means of fostering social connection and holistic wellness.Conclusion:OTCA and TTCS significantly revitalized while adapted Tai Chi and TCM practices to Western contexts,integrating its historical roots with western health ideas to establish it as a widely recognized mind-body discipline and alternative therapy.
基金Undergraduate Research Grants,Walailak University.
文摘Objective:Sick building syndrome(SBS)is a significant health concern among healthcare workers,exacerbated by prolonged exposure to indoor air pollutants and inadequate environmental conditions.Our study aims to explore the prevalence of SBS and its association with indoor air quality and workplace environments among healthcare workers in five hospital departments in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand.Methods:Indoor air quality was assessed over eight days,measuring microbial concentrations(bacteria,fungi),temperature,humidity,and carbon dioxide levels.Demographic data and SBS symptoms were also collected from healthcare workers.Results:The findings revealed that fungal concentrations were highest in the pharmacy(51.95±37.59)colony forming units(CFU)per m^(3),while bacterial concentrations peaked in the outpatient department(265.06±49.46)CFU/m3.The study identified Staphylococcus hominis and Micrococcus luteus as the dominant microbial species in the air environment.A moderate positive correlation was found between bacterial concentrations and humidity(r=0.43,P=0.046).SBS symptoms were prevalent among healthcare workers,with 75.58%reporting issues like dry eyes and fatigue.The total complaint score for SBS correlated positively with indoor pollutant levels,especially fungi(r=0.38,P<0.001).Frequent cleaning reduced SBS complaints significantly(P<0.001).Conclusion:Hospital departments with more frequent cleaning practices exhibited lower SBS complaints,highlighting the importance of cleaning frequency in reducing SBS-related issues.These findings provide actionable insights for improving workplace safety and indoor air quality in healthcare settings.
文摘Introduction: Obstetric Fistulas (OF) constitute a major public health problem in developing countries in general and in Central African Republic (CAR) in particular because of its numerous consequences. The objective of this work is to contribute to the management of OF cases in CAR. Patients and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study, including data from several OF care services. The study included 245 cases of OF, operated on from 2009 to 2018. The parameters studied were maternal and obstetrical data, sociodemographic data, the specific characteristics of the fistulas as well as the modalities and outcome of surgical treatment. The data collected came from six (6) OF surgical repair campaigns organized by the Ministry of Health and Population with the support of UNFPA. Results: We recorded 245 patients, representing a prevalence of 0.77% of OF per year. Among these patients, almost half (45.3%) were treated at the Sino-Central African Friendship University Hospital Center (CHUASC). The average age of the patients was 30 years (range 14 to 78 years). They were unschooled (53.9%) and primigravidas (35%). The fistulas had an average duration of evolution of 7.58 years. They were vesicovaginal in 25.3%. Types V and I dominated in 17.4% and 9.2%, respectively. In 85.9% of cases, fistulorrhaphy was performed, half of which (50.2%) via the upper route. The cure rate was 83.3%. Note that our study reveals statistically significant links between the evolution after surgery with age (p = 0.04 Conclusion: OF mainly affected women of childbearing age, uneducated, primiparous. Vesicovaginal fistula was the frequently encountered type and was manifested by urine loss clinically with a positive methylene blue test.
文摘Still common in developing countries, acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is not only a disease of children and adolescents, but can also occur in adults. At this age, the diagnosis of rheumatic flare-ups can be difficult due to the frequency of other types of joint diseases and the existence of degenerative and dystrophic valve disease. In adults, the initial rheumatic attack is marked by the predominance of joint damage over cardiac damage. However, it is often at this age that rheumatic valve disease is discovered. The revised Jones criteria also find their place in the diagnosis of AAR in adults. Objective: To study the demographic, clinical, and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in the General Medicine Department of the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study examined the demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) at the Siguiri Prefectural Hospital, Guinea, between April 1 and September 31, 2021 according to Jones criteria. The data were collected on a form containing sociodemographic variables (age, sex, profession), rheumatological, cardiac, pulmonary and neurological clinical signs, biological variables and treatment. Results: Figure 1 shows the flow of the hospital frequency of the RAA in the General Medicine Department of the Prefectural Hospital of Siguiri. During the study period, 420 patients were hospitalized, of whom 161 patients had AAR, a frequency of 38.33%. Table 1 shows the distribution of patients diagnosed with ARB, by sociodemographic characteristics. The average age was 44.7 ± 19.78 years and the extremes of 14 and 90 years, the female sex dominated with a ratio of 0.75. The informal sector was in the majority in 45.34% of cases and most were illiterate, i.e. 53.42%. In our study, the incidence was lower during the dry season than during the rainy season, a hot season with high rainfall and humidity, the rainy period was a provider with a peak in August and September. The lifestyle was characterized by overcrowding in 87.58% of patients. The main complaint was fever, i.e. 88.82%. Rheumatological manifestations such as arthritis were 98.14%, chest pain was 37.89% (61 cases). The diagnosis was confirmed by ASLO titration in 85.71% of patients and 98.55% (136 cases) had a titration greater than 400 U/ml. Conclusion: The results obtained from our study show a high prevalence of acute rheumatic fever, which makes it a worrying health problem in the Siguiri health district. Young female adult patients, married with an informal profession and not in school residing in Siguiri were the most encountered in our study. The main functional signs mentioned by the patients were fever, cough and abdominal pain;osteoarticular pain and chest pain dominated the clinical picture. Almost all of our patients had an ASLO titer greater than 400 U/ml and a positive C-reactive protein. Our results show a high risk of spread of acute rheumatic fever within the population of Siguiri. Due to the serious complications caused by acute rheumatic fever, particular attention must be paid to it by carrying out other, much larger studies in order to identify the problem of RAA.
基金funded by a Christenson Professorship in Active Healthy Livingfunded by the Health Sciences TD Bank Undergraduate Research Awardsupport from the FIFA Female Athlete Project
文摘Background Relative energy deficiency in sport(REDs)results from exposure to problematic low energy availability.It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80%of elite female athletes.REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function,but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown.Therefore,we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.Methods Postpartum individuals(≥18 years of age)completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics,reproductive history(including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea),and maternal/fetal health outcomes.Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.Results A total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey(33.1±3.4 years,mean±SD).Prior to pregnancy,6.1%had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5%had a history with secondary amenorrhea.Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor(odds ratio,(OR)=3.52,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.26–9.81)and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery(OR=2.62,95%CI:1.05–6.58)compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea.However,in individuals who did not have a history of REDs,secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.Conclusion A history of REDs,but not secondary amenorrhea,may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global burden of liver diseases,such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis,has necessitated innovative therapeutic approaches.Plant-based therapies,recognized for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,have shown promising effects.However,poor bioavailability limits their clinical application.AIM To map global research trends,key contributors,and emerging themes in plant-based therapies combined with advanced drug delivery systems for liver health.METHODS Using the Scopus database,645 documents were retrieved and analyzed using bibliometric tools Biblioshiny and VOSviewer.Analysis focused on publication trends,geographical contributions,and advancements in drug delivery technologies,including nanoparticles,liposomes,and polymeric micelles.Metrics such as publication growth rate,authorship collaboration,and thematic clustering were assessed.RESULTS The dataset spans 43 years(1981-2024),with an annual growth rate of 11.09%in the number of publications.Research output is dominated by China(33%),followed by the United States(24%)and India(18%).Collaborative studies accounted for 24.34%of publications,with an average of 5.81 co-authors per document.Key innovations include nanoparticle encapsulation of curcumin and silymarin,improving bioavailability by up to 85%.Highly cited studies demonstrated the antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrotic properties of these compounds.For instance,curcumin nanoparticles showed a 70%improvement in solubility,and silymarin liposomal formulations enhanced therapeutic efficiency by 62%.Thematic analysis revealed a transition from basic clinical observations to molecular and pharmacokinetic research,with a focus on oxidative stress mitigation and hepatoprotection.CONCLUSION This study highlights the growing synergy between plant-based therapies and advanced drug delivery systems,with significant contributions from Asian and Western countries.Future efforts should prioritize clinical trials,standardization of plant extract formulations,and interdisciplinary approaches to maximize therapeutic outcomes.The findings provide a foundation for integrating plant-derived compounds into evidence-based hepatological therapies,addressing critical challenges in bioavailability and safety.
文摘Background: The irrational use of medicines remains a key health problem in many developing countries. The overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study surveyed antibiotic use and adherence to the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital in the Kalomo District of Southern Province, Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 at Request Muntanga Hospital in Zambia and reviewed 600 medical record prescriptions which were issued from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023 using the WHO prescribing indicators. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. Results: From the 600 prescriptions sampled, 1246 medicines were prescribed, with antibiotics making up 86.7% of the encounters. Additionally, the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 2.1 and the prevalence of polypharmacy was 61.3%. Further, 17.8% of medicines were prescribed as injectables. Furthermore, 76.7% of the drugs were prescribed from the Zambia Essential Medicines List and 38.9% by generic names. Conclusions: This study found a high use of antibiotics and deviations from the WHO/International Network of Rational Use of Drugs (INRUD) core prescribing indicators at the Request Muntanga Hospital indicating non-adherence to the prescribing indicators. There is a need to promote adherence to the WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators to promote the rational use of antibiotics and prevent the emergence and spread of AMR.
文摘In sub-Saharan Africa, foodborne Salmonella infections cause around 680,000 deaths per year. The evolutionary aspects of the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains no longer seem to attract much interest in the Central African Republic (CAR), although salmonellosis remains a health problem requiring national and international surveillance. Methodology: The study conducted at the National Laboratory of Clinical Biology and Public Health, Bangui, Central African Republic (LNBCSP) was a retrospective descriptive study. The study duration was five years (January 2019 to December 2023). The study sample consisted of patients who underwent bacteriological testing of stool, blood and urine samples for Salmonella at the LNBCSP in Bangui during this period. Study variables were age, sex, year and bacteriological test results. Statistical tests were used to compare incidences. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to measure the degree of association. Results: From 2019 to 2023, we recorded 353 Salmonella strains, of which 5% were found in blood, 37% in urine and 58% in stool. Patient age ranged from 1 to 86 years, with a mean of 27 ± 22.05 years and a mode of 5 years. Children aged 0 to 14 years (34%) and females (55.81%) predominated. The highest rate of contamination by Salmonella strains was 1.69% in 2022. The overall incidence of salmonellosis was 6.72 in 2019, 7.05 in 2020, 6.91 in 2021, 16.9 in 2022 and 6.26 in 2023 per 1000 samples. Resistance was 30.47% to β_lactam antibiotics, 24.22% to fluroquinolones and 37.97% to Salmonella spp. For Salmonella arizonae strains, resistance was 20.25% to aminoglycosides, 43.67% to chloramphenicol and 7.59% to imipenem. Conclusion: Laboratory-based surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella strains is needed in both human and veterinary medicine. Another study based on molecular characterization will identify new antibiotic-resistant variants circulating in CAR.
文摘Objectives This study aimed to explore and clarify the concept of reflective supervision as a professional self-care strategy to create a positive Intensive Care Unit(ICU)practice environment.Methods Walker and Avant’s eight-step concept analysis approach was utilized to identify and define the attributes,antecedents,and consequences of reflective supervision in the ICU.An extensive literature search was conducted across various databases,including Google Scholar,CINAHL,PubMed.Articles published from 2005 to 2025 were identified.We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)2020 statement to indicate the included articles and extract related data based on relevance.Results Forty articles were included in the analysis.The identified attributes included the supervisor-supervisee relationship,effective communication,teamwork,collaborations,reflection,competencies,feedback,continuous support,and autonomous choice.The identified antecedents included participation,supportive supervision,flexibility,open-door policy,training,and motivation.Consequences impacting the success of reflective supervision were identified as promotion of resiliency,autonomy,work-life balance,self-awareness,increased self-esteem,professional development,critical thinking,increased job satisfaction,and enhanced commitment.Conclusions Reflective supervision is a complex professional self-care strategy that enhances ICU practice,by promoting nurses’well-being,self-awareness,therapeutic skills,and professional development.
文摘This study compared the acute effects of electrical energy transfer(TECAR) and transcutaneous electrical stimulation(TENS) on pain and flexibility after a hamstring injury. Young athletes received either a 20 min TECAR(n = 24) or TENS(n = 26) session within 5 days following a hamstring injury, while the control(CON, n = 25)group was instructed to rest. Visual analogue scale(VAS), functional Assessment Scale for Acute Hamstring Injuries(FASH), straight leg raise test(SLR), and sit-and-reach scores(STR) were obtained prior to, immediately,24, and 48 h after therapy. Group differences were detected after therapy in VAS and FASH scores(p < 0.05).Compared to pre-therapy measurements, VAS scores showed a greater decrease in the TECAR group(-38.75% to-63.33%) than in the TENS group(-16.67% to-25.00%) and both were greater than in the CON group(-2.81%to-9.81%)(p < 0.05). The TECAR group improved FASH scores(28.57%–48.21%) more than the TENS group(15.89%–27.79%) and both groups more than the CON group(0%–8.33%)(p < 0.05). The increase in SLR and STR was greater in the TECAR group(6.26%–13.96%) than in the TENS(1.72%–9.53%) and CON groups(0%–3.03%). These results suggest that in the acute phase of hamstring injury, the use of TECAR and, to a lesser extent, TENS may relieve pain symptoms and bring some improvements in flexibility more than instructing patients to rest.
文摘Exercise produces a decrease in pain sensitivity via an effect called exercise-induced hypoalgesia(EIH).Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),acting on similar analgesic mechanisms as EIH,represents a potential complementary intervention that may amplify the effects of exercise on pain.This study aimed to explore if anodal tDCS could enhance the effect of exercise on pain compared to exercise alone.A total of 35 healthy participants aged 19–37 years completed a familiarisation session followed by two separate sessions where active and sham tDCS was applied in a randomised cross-over design.The familiarisation session involved familiarisation to the pain assessment and exercise tasks,while the subsequent tDCS sessions involved pain sensitivity assessment,exercise and either anodal tDCS or sham tDCS.tDCS doses were applied at 2 mA over the primary motor cortex for 10 min,with the reference electrode placed over the contralateral supraorbital area.The exercise task involved a sustained isometric grip strength contraction at 35%of maximal voluntary contraction(MVC)until volitional exhaustion.Pain sensitivity was evaluated as pressure pain threshold before tDCS,after tDCS,and after exercise.Across both tDCS conditions,pain threshold was higher after exercise when compared to pre-and post-tDCS measurement.This increase in pain threshold did not differ between active and sham tDCS conditions.Our findings suggest that the hypoalgesic effects of active anodal tDCS over the motor cortex prior to exercise are no greater than the effects of sham tDCS prior to exercise.
文摘Background:Bullying during adolescence is shaped by numerous psychosocial factors such as family dynamics,attachment,and peer relationships.This study aims to examine parental acceptance-rejection,attachment styles,and social exclusion factors as key psychosocial variables predicting bullying behavior in adolescents.Methods:In a cross-sectional study conducted with 349 high school students in Hakkari,Türkiye.Data were collected using the Olweus Bullying Scale,the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Scale,the Social Exclusion Scale,and the Three-Dimensional Attachment Styles Scale.Independent samples t-tests,one-way ANOVAs,Pearson correlations,and hierarchical regression analyses were performed.Results:Research findings reveal that peer bullying varies significantly according to gender,class level,parents’educational level,and socio-economic status.Furthermore,our findings indicate that social exclusion(β=0.506,p<0.01)and avoidant attachment(β=0.162,p<0.01)positively predict peer bullying,while secure attachment(β=−0.205,p<0.01),maternal(β=−0.385,p<0.01)and paternal(β=−0.217,p<0.01)acceptance/rejection negatively predict bullying.The final regression model explains approximately 55%of the variance in bullying.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that social exclusion,parental acceptance/rejection,and secure or avoidant attachment patterns may be associated with bullying behaviour in adolescents.These findings emphasise the necessity of family-and peer-focused interventions to combat bullying.
文摘Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to investigate the hormonal response as a predictor of sperm retrieval among men with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Methods:Seventy-seven consecutive patients who had testosterone levels≤14 nmol/L were treated medically with an aromatase inhibitor or recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin(rec-hCG)prior to micro-TESE and were included.Thirty-four(44.2%)had unexplained NOA(UNEX),25(32.5%)had Klinefelter syndrome(KS),8(10.4%)had a history of cryptorchidism(UDT),4(5.2%)had microdeletion of the Azoospermia factor C(AZFc),and 6(7.8%)were treated previously with chemotherapy.Baseline and post-treatment serum hormonal levels were documented.Pre-op testosterone levels were entered into binary logistic regressions with age,Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and Luteinizing hormone(LH)levels to test for significance with sperm retrieval.We then built logistic regression models to identify predictors of successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR).Results:Forty-five patients(58%)had successful retrieval.In 32 patients(42%),no sperm was retrieved.Both the mean pre-op testosterone and the mean testosterone change between the two groups were significant(p=0.02 and p=0.011,respectively).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.785(95%CI=0.685-0.886,p<0.001).The Youden index coefficient was calculated for KS and UNEX.The cut-off point for KS was established at 0.764(sensitivity=0.875,false positive rate[FPR]=0.111),and 0.215 for UNEX(sensitivity=0.438,FPR=0.222).We also observed a correlation between age and SSR(p=0.05).In KS patients,SSR was determined by pre-op testosterone levels irrespective of age.Conclusion:Pre-operative hormonal response is a predictor for SSR in NOA patients who were treated medically.This data may help during pre-operative counselling.
