Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,rel...Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,relevant information is still scarce.In this study,provincial emissions for eight PCNs homologues from 37 sources in the Chinese mainland during the period of 1960-2019 were estimated based on a source-specific and time-varying emission factor database.The results showed that the total PCNs emissions in 2019 reached 757.0 kg with Hebei ranked at the top among all the provinces and iron&steel industry as the biggest source.Low-chlorinated PCNs comprised 90%of emissions by mass,while highly chlorinated PCNs dominated in terms of toxicity,highlighting divergent priorities for mitigating emissions and safeguarding human health.The emissions showed an overall upward trend from 1960 to 2019 driven by emission increase from iron&steel industry in terms of source,and from North China and East China in terms of geographic area.Per-capita emissions followed an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curvewhile emission intensities decreased with increasing per-capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP)following a nearly linear pattern when log-transformed.展开更多
Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment.Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials,have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in th...Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment.Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials,have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment.The purpose of this paper is to review the performance,mechanisms,and potential environmental toxicity of biochar,modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water.Specifically,the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated.In addition,the modification and integrated use of biochar for improving the removal efficiency were summarized from the aspects of sorption,biodegradation,chemical degradation,and reusability.Moreover,the functional impacts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and modified biochars in various environments were demonstrated.Finally,some shortcoming of current approaches,and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research.Overall,this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum remediation from the perspectives of performance enhancement and environmental sustainability.展开更多
Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentr...Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentrations in plateau lakes experiencing high solar radiation is scarce.This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of MCs in eight Yunnan Plateau lakes in China,focusing on their relationships with environmental factors.Water samples(n=63)were collected during summer and winter seasons and analyzed for MC concentrations along with a suite of environmental variables.Results revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in MC concentrations,with higher levels in eutrophic lakes Dianchi,Erhai,and Xingyunhu.Notably,mean MC concentrations in Lake Dianchi during summer and Erhai during winter exceeded the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline of 1μg/L for drinking water.Seasonal analyses revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms:MC concentrations in summer were positively correlated with total phosphorus,total nitrogen,turbidity,and chlorophyll a,reflecting the influence of eutrophication on cyanobacterial growth.While solar radiation intensity(SRI)exhibited a dual role:moderate SRI in winter was associated with higher MC levels,whereas higher SRI in summer suppressed MC production,likely due to photoinhibition or MC degradation.Strikingly,water temperature showed no significant correlation with MC concentrations,suggesting that high solar radiation in the Yunnan Plateau may override temperature-dependent effects on cyanobacterial growth.These findings highlight the importance of nutrient management and the regulatory role of solar radiation in regulating MC production in high-altitude lakes.The study underscores the need for region-specific strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial risks,particularly in drinking water source lakes,by integrating nutrient control and the unique light regime of plateau ecosystems.展开更多
The presence of Fe(Ⅲ)or oxygen can affect the biochar-mediated degradation of pollutants.However,the effects of changes in the form and species of Fe(Ⅲ)on the degradation of pollutants have not been systematically i...The presence of Fe(Ⅲ)or oxygen can affect the biochar-mediated degradation of pollutants.However,the effects of changes in the form and species of Fe(Ⅲ)on the degradation of pollutants have not been systematically investigated.Therefore,this study investigated biochar-mediated p-nitrophenol(PNP)degradation,which is influenced by species of Fe(Ⅲ)at pH 2.5,5.7,and 8.0.At pH 2.5,the anoxic degradation of PNP by biochar was 9.30 mg g^(−1).Fe(Ⅲ)could compete for electrons from biochar;therefore,PNP degradation was reduced 29%.Comparison with O2,the higher redox potential of Fe(Ⅲ)prevents the occurrence of a Fenton-like reaction.Consequently,the degradation of PNP decreased by 77%.At pH 5.7,the degradation of PNP(9.62 mg g^(−1))by biochar was greatest,but after Fe(Ⅲ)was introduced into the system,most of the Fe(Ⅲ)precipitated,which significantly inhibited PNP degradation by 18%and 66%under anaerobic and aerobic conditions,respectively.Oxygen can take electrons from biochar to form⋅O2−to reduce PNP;therefore,PNP degradation is the same under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.Interestingly,at pH 8.0,the addition of Fe(Ⅲ)significantly increased the apparent degradation of PNP by 41%and 15%under anaerobic and aerobic conditions,respectively.Acidification experiment revealed that the increase in PNP degradation was due to the co-precipitates Fe(Ⅲ)with PNP on the biochar surface.This study demonstrated that additional caution should be taken when estimating the biochar-mediated degradation performance of organic pollutants in practical environmental applications,especially when Fe(Ⅲ)coexist in the system.展开更多
Biochar has great potential in the application areas of carbon sequestration and environmental remediation.A significant amount of dissolved organic matter(DOM)may be released from biochar,which is highly reactive and...Biochar has great potential in the application areas of carbon sequestration and environmental remediation.A significant amount of dissolved organic matter(DOM)may be released from biochar,which is highly reactive and mobile.However,it is unknown how this highly reactive DOM migrates in soil column,especially in rainfall events.In this study,pristine and aged corn biochars were applied to simulated soil columns filled with hematite/quartz or montmorillonite/quartz(3:7,w:w),and the DOM vertical migration was investigated under high-and low-intensity rainfalls.Results showed that montmorillonite could significantly inhibit the migration of the DOM by over 80%compared to the pure quartz system and 50%compared to hematite/quartz system.Minerals,especially montmorillonite,mainly preferentially adsorbed humic-like substance of DOM compared to polycyclic aromatic-like substance.Notably,under the same cumulative rainfall amount,DOM concentration gradually increased with the number of rainfall events in low-intensity rainfalls,but decreased sharply in high-intensity rainfalls.The relatively higher DOM concentration is beneficial to DOM sorption on minerals.These findings demonstrated that low-intensity rainfall facilitated the DOM retention on minerals especially in montmorillonite-rich soils.展开更多
Species with relatively small,membraneous,black ascomata,with or without long necks,unitunicate,cylindrical asci with apical rings and fusiform,hyaline ascospores with or without mucilaginous sheaths are common in fre...Species with relatively small,membraneous,black ascomata,with or without long necks,unitunicate,cylindrical asci with apical rings and fusiform,hyaline ascospores with or without mucilaginous sheaths are common in freshwater habitats in tropical and temperate regions.Many of these taxa have originally been recorded as Annulatascaceae-like taxa.Twenty genera have been included in the family Annulatascaceae,mostly based on morphological characters,while molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are lacking for many genera.In this study,nine new Annulatascaceae-like taxa collected from Thailand were morphologically examined.Pure cultures obtained from single ascospores were used in molecular studies.The nine new strains and several other strains of Annulatascaceae-like Sordariomycetes species were used to establish phylogenetic and evolution relationships among the taxa,based on combined LSU,SSU,ITS and RPB2 sequence data.Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence to introduce one new order and six new families,to accommodate taxa excluded from Annulatascaceae sensu stricto.A new order Atractosporales is established based on the molecular study,including three new introduced families Conlariaceae,Pseudoproboscisporaceae and Atractosporaceae.Conlariaceae is introduced for the genus Conlarium which comprises two species,Conlarium duplumascosporun and a new Hyphomycetous asexual morph taxon Conlarium aquaticum which has subglobose or irregular,brown,clathrate,muriform conidia.Pseudoproboscisporaceae includes Pseudoproboscispora and Diluviicola,while Atractosporaceae includes the genera Rubellisphaeria and Atractospora.Barbatosphaeria,Xylomelasma and Ceratostomella form a distinct stable lineage which is introduced as a new family Barbatosphaeriaceae in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis.A new family Lentomitellaceae is introduced in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis,to accommodate the genus Lentomitella.Woswasiaceae is introduced to accommodate Woswasia,Xylochrysis and Cyanoannulus in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis.Three new species of Fluminicola viz.F.saprophytica,F.thailandensis and F.aquatica are introduced.A new sexual morph,Dictyosporella thailandensis,is reported and Dictyosporella is excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis.The first sexual morph of Sporidesmium,S.thailandense is also described.The new species Atractospora thailandensis,Diluviicola aquatica and Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis are also introduced.Platytrachelon is added to Papulosaceae based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters.Aquaticola,Fusoidispora and Pseudoannulatascus are excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Mirannulata is accommodated in Sordariomycetes,genera incertae sedis.展开更多
This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study incl...This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.展开更多
PM_(2.5)pollution variations in different microenvironments would result in PM_(2.5)exposure inequity between rural and urban residents.In this study,the real-time PM_(2.5)exposure of urban and rural residents in Chin...PM_(2.5)pollution variations in different microenvironments would result in PM_(2.5)exposure inequity between rural and urban residents.In this study,the real-time PM_(2.5)exposure of urban and rural residents in China was examined based on portable PM_(2.5)sensors together with activity patterns derived from questionnaire surveys,with a focus on students and senior citizens who are sensitive to air pollution.The results showed that PM_(2.5)exposure varied significantly among different resident groups,with higher PM_(2.5)exposure of rural residents than those of urban residents.PM_(2.5)exposure peaks mostly occurred during(Accompanied)cooking activities owing to strong emissions.Sleeping and resting were the main activities that affected PM_(2.5)exposures of different resident groups,accounting for 60.7%-94.5%of total daily exposures.Furthermore,the long duration of sleeping makes it the predominant activity contributing to PM 25 exposure inequity.It is necessary to obtain point-to-point respiratory volume(respiratory rate)data when measuring real-time PM_(2.5)exposure data and incorporate respiratory volume(respiratory rate)into the analysis of PM_(2.5)exposure.For the first time,this study quantified the PM_(2.5)exposure inequality based on a novel method and can provide useful information for further studies on the exposure inequity.展开更多
Biochar can regulate methane(CH_(4))emissions from paddy soils.However,the mechanism through which biochar conductivity influences methanogenesis in paddy soils remains unclear.In this study,biochar samples with varyi...Biochar can regulate methane(CH_(4))emissions from paddy soils.However,the mechanism through which biochar conductivity influences methanogenesis in paddy soils remains unclear.In this study,biochar samples with varying conductivity levels were prepared by incorporating different amounts of graphene.The dissolved organic matter(DOM)derived from biochar was completely eliminated before its application.The addition of conductive biochar in the paddy soil system increased CH_(4)production by enhancing the electron transfer rate(ETR),as demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between CH_(4)production and ETR.Electrochemical experiments conducted after the removal of DOM from paddy soil demonstrated that biochar enhanced the ETR in paddy soils by facilitating the electron transfer of dissolved organic matter.Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AQDS),a common analogue for quinone-and hydroquinone-containing molecules in DOM,facilitates electron transfer and serves as a model for electrochemically active DOM.An experiment with biochar and AQDS confirmed that biochar enhanced the ETR of AQDS,supporting previous findings.Following incubation,methanogenic archaea showed no significant change in relative abundance across systems,demonstrating that that biochar enhanced methanogenesis solely via accelerated ETRs,without altering the microbial community composition.This study deepens our understanding of how biochar conductivity affects methanogenesis and offers scientific guidance for optimising the use of biochar in paddy soils.展开更多
The impact of microplastics on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar is still unclear.Therefore,in the present study,we investigated the effects of combining different biochars with polylactic acid(P...The impact of microplastics on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar is still unclear.Therefore,in the present study,we investigated the effects of combining different biochars with polylactic acid(PLA)microplastics on the growth of Chinese cabbage,rhizosphere soil metabolomics,bacterial community structure,and Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated soil.Compared with the treatment with biochar alone,the addition of PLA suppressed plant growth,but also reduced Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage by 8–42%;the treatment with sugarcane bagasse biochar(SBC)–PLA showed the most prominent effect.Compared with the treatment with SBC alone,SBC–PLA reduced Cd accumulation in roots and aboveground parts by 47 and 22%,respectively(p<0.05).The addition of PLA enhanced the soil organic matter,dissolved organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents,but reduced the available phosphorus and readily available potassium contents,with no significant impact on available Cd.The rhizosphere metabolite analysis showed that PLA plus biochar promoted the formation of cyclohexene terpenoids and chelating agents,the urea cycle,and chelation with Cd ions,thereby reducing Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage roots.The microbial structure analysis demonstrated that PLA plus biochar drove chelation between organic carbon,nitrogen,and Cd.This study highlights the potential of microplastics for mitigating Cd accumulation in plants and the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.展开更多
Globally,over three billion people rely on traditional solid fuels for cooking and heating,leading to significant household air pollution and critical public health concerns.While transitioning to clean energy carrier...Globally,over three billion people rely on traditional solid fuels for cooking and heating,leading to significant household air pollution and critical public health concerns.While transitioning to clean energy carriers faces challenges of accessibility and affordabilitydespecially among low-income,rural populationsdalternative strategies like kitchen layout modifications and the use of ventilation fans may effectively reduce exposure to pollutants.Here,we analyze factors influencing the adoption of separated kitchens and mechanical ventilation and evaluate changes in human exposure to PM2.5 under different kitchen renovation scenarios by conducting a nationwide survey of household kitchen characteristics in rural China.We found that although 82%of rural households have kitchens separated from other rooms,only 34%use mechanical ventilation.The adoption of ventilation fans is significantly influenced by income and education levels.We estimate that widespread implementation of ventilation fans and separated kitchen designs could prevent approximately 67400 premature deaths annually,resulting in a health benefit of about USD 19 billion per yeardsubstantially exceeding the costs involved.These findings suggest that cost-effective kitchen renovations offer enormous potential for substantial health benefits and present a practical solution compared to the challenges of clean energy transitions in rural areas.展开更多
The coexistence of caffeine(CF)and ketamine(KET)in surface waters across Asia has been widely reported.Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action.However,the combined toxicity of the...The coexistence of caffeine(CF)and ketamine(KET)in surface waters across Asia has been widely reported.Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action.However,the combined toxicity of these two chemicals on aquatic organisms remains unclear at environmental levels,and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that KET antagonizes the adverse effects of CF on zebrafish larvae by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic synapse pathway.Specifically,KET(10e250 ng L^(-1))ameliorates the locomotor hyperactivity and impaired circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae induced by 2 mg L^(-1) of CF,showing a dose-dependent relationship.Additionally,the developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae exposed to CF are mitigated by KET,with an incidence rate reduced from 26.7%to 6.7%.The competition between CF and KET for binding sites on the GABA-A receptor(in situ and in silico)elucidates the antagonistic interactions between the two chemicals.Following a seven-day recovery period,the adverse outcomes of CF exposure persist in the fish,whereas the changes observed in the CFþKET groups are significantly alleviated,especially with KET at 10 ng L^(-1).Based on these results,it is imperative to further assess the environmental risks associated with CF and KET co-pollution.This pilot study underscores the utility of systems toxicology approaches in estimating the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals on aquatic organisms.Moreover,the nighttime behavioral functions of fish could serve as a sensitive biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of psychoactive substances.展开更多
The response of soil microorganisms and plants in soil ecosystems to biochar is well recognised.However,biochars’impact on large soil animal,such as ants,is inadequately understood,with only limited studies focusing ...The response of soil microorganisms and plants in soil ecosystems to biochar is well recognised.However,biochars’impact on large soil animal,such as ants,is inadequately understood,with only limited studies focusing on the abundance and mortality rates of some specific ant species.In this study,soil physicochemical properties,and ant community diversity and functional characteristics were compared between experimental plots with and without biochar application.No significant differences in soil(soil physicochemical properties)or ants(ant community richness,species abundance,and morphological characteristics)were observed between the two plots before biochar application.However,the biochar-treated plot soil surface temperatures,pH,and soil water content were significantly higher after 48 weeks.Biochar application promoted Cardiocondyla nuda(by 426%)and Formica japonica abundance(by 93%),but decreased Solenopsis invicta invasive ant species richness(by 54%),consistent with the fact that changes in soil properties were more beneficial to the former two species.In addition,in biochar-treated plots,F.japonica and S.invicta generally showed larger body size(18%and 6.7%),larger eyes(2.7%and 4.0%),and longer femurs(6.3%and 7.9%),which enabled them to respond better to potential barriers,such as plants.Our results highlighted that,besides species abundance and community structure,certain ant functional morphological indicators were also informative in evaluating biochar ecological implications.展开更多
Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new su...Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet.In response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution Prevention.This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach.Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels.Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFC3105800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.42277388,42230505,42206148,and 41907313)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.19ZR1415100).
文摘Polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)are detrimental to human health and the environment.With the commercial production of PCNs banned,unintentional releases have emerged as a significant environmental source.However,relevant information is still scarce.In this study,provincial emissions for eight PCNs homologues from 37 sources in the Chinese mainland during the period of 1960-2019 were estimated based on a source-specific and time-varying emission factor database.The results showed that the total PCNs emissions in 2019 reached 757.0 kg with Hebei ranked at the top among all the provinces and iron&steel industry as the biggest source.Low-chlorinated PCNs comprised 90%of emissions by mass,while highly chlorinated PCNs dominated in terms of toxicity,highlighting divergent priorities for mitigating emissions and safeguarding human health.The emissions showed an overall upward trend from 1960 to 2019 driven by emission increase from iron&steel industry in terms of source,and from North China and East China in terms of geographic area.Per-capita emissions followed an inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curvewhile emission intensities decreased with increasing per-capita Gross Domestic Product(GDP)following a nearly linear pattern when log-transformed.
基金supported by the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202201BE070001-043)the Yunnan Provincial Excellent Young Scientists Fund(No.202201AW070006)+1 种基金USDA-NRCS(No.NR217217XXXXG004)the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project(No.7003969)。
文摘Petroleum contamination is considered as a major risk to the health of humans and environment.Biochars as low-cost and eco-friendly carbon materials,have been widely used for the removal of petroleum hydrocarbon in the environment.The purpose of this paper is to review the performance,mechanisms,and potential environmental toxicity of biochar,modified biochar and its integration use with other materials in petroleum contaminated soil and water.Specifically,the use of biochar in oil-contaminated water and soil as well as the factors that could influence the removal ability of biochar were systematically evaluated.In addition,the modification and integrated use of biochar for improving the removal efficiency were summarized from the aspects of sorption,biodegradation,chemical degradation,and reusability.Moreover,the functional impacts and associated ecotoxicity of pristine and modified biochars in various environments were demonstrated.Finally,some shortcoming of current approaches,and future research needs were provided for the future direction and challenges of modified biochar research.Overall,this paper gain insight into biochar application in petroleum remediation from the perspectives of performance enhancement and environmental sustainability.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(202401AS070119,202103AC100001,202449CE340003)Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(202505AO120004)+4 种基金Yunnan Provincial Council of Academicians and Experts Workstations(202405AF140006)Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Postgraduate Students in the Academic Degree of Yunnan University(KC23234416).H.W.P.was supported by the US National Science Foundation,projects(1840715,2108917,2418066)the US National Institutes of Health(1P01ES028939-06).S.A.W.thanks the New Zealand Ministry of Business,Innovation and Employment research programme Our Lakes,Our Future(CAWX2305)for support.E.J.is thankful to the support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)Yunnan Provincial Council of Academicians and Experts Workstations(202405AF140006)Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(202505AO120004).
文摘Microcystins(MCs)are one of the most prevalent cyanotoxins and pose significant risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health,particularly in lakes used as drinking water sources.However,knowledge about the MC concentrations in plateau lakes experiencing high solar radiation is scarce.This study investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of MCs in eight Yunnan Plateau lakes in China,focusing on their relationships with environmental factors.Water samples(n=63)were collected during summer and winter seasons and analyzed for MC concentrations along with a suite of environmental variables.Results revealed significant seasonal and spatial variations in MC concentrations,with higher levels in eutrophic lakes Dianchi,Erhai,and Xingyunhu.Notably,mean MC concentrations in Lake Dianchi during summer and Erhai during winter exceeded the World Health Organization’s provisional guideline of 1μg/L for drinking water.Seasonal analyses revealed distinct regulatory mechanisms:MC concentrations in summer were positively correlated with total phosphorus,total nitrogen,turbidity,and chlorophyll a,reflecting the influence of eutrophication on cyanobacterial growth.While solar radiation intensity(SRI)exhibited a dual role:moderate SRI in winter was associated with higher MC levels,whereas higher SRI in summer suppressed MC production,likely due to photoinhibition or MC degradation.Strikingly,water temperature showed no significant correlation with MC concentrations,suggesting that high solar radiation in the Yunnan Plateau may override temperature-dependent effects on cyanobacterial growth.These findings highlight the importance of nutrient management and the regulatory role of solar radiation in regulating MC production in high-altitude lakes.The study underscores the need for region-specific strategies to mitigate cyanobacterial risks,particularly in drinking water source lakes,by integrating nutrient control and the unique light regime of plateau ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42267003)Yunnan Science and Technology Planning Project(Grant No.202303AC100010).
文摘The presence of Fe(Ⅲ)or oxygen can affect the biochar-mediated degradation of pollutants.However,the effects of changes in the form and species of Fe(Ⅲ)on the degradation of pollutants have not been systematically investigated.Therefore,this study investigated biochar-mediated p-nitrophenol(PNP)degradation,which is influenced by species of Fe(Ⅲ)at pH 2.5,5.7,and 8.0.At pH 2.5,the anoxic degradation of PNP by biochar was 9.30 mg g^(−1).Fe(Ⅲ)could compete for electrons from biochar;therefore,PNP degradation was reduced 29%.Comparison with O2,the higher redox potential of Fe(Ⅲ)prevents the occurrence of a Fenton-like reaction.Consequently,the degradation of PNP decreased by 77%.At pH 5.7,the degradation of PNP(9.62 mg g^(−1))by biochar was greatest,but after Fe(Ⅲ)was introduced into the system,most of the Fe(Ⅲ)precipitated,which significantly inhibited PNP degradation by 18%and 66%under anaerobic and aerobic conditions,respectively.Oxygen can take electrons from biochar to form⋅O2−to reduce PNP;therefore,PNP degradation is the same under anaerobic and aerobic conditions.Interestingly,at pH 8.0,the addition of Fe(Ⅲ)significantly increased the apparent degradation of PNP by 41%and 15%under anaerobic and aerobic conditions,respectively.Acidification experiment revealed that the increase in PNP degradation was due to the co-precipitates Fe(Ⅲ)with PNP on the biochar surface.This study demonstrated that additional caution should be taken when estimating the biochar-mediated degradation performance of organic pollutants in practical environmental applications,especially when Fe(Ⅲ)coexist in the system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42130711,42267028 and 42167030)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202202AG050019)Yunnan Science and Technology Planning Project(No.202303AC100010).
文摘Biochar has great potential in the application areas of carbon sequestration and environmental remediation.A significant amount of dissolved organic matter(DOM)may be released from biochar,which is highly reactive and mobile.However,it is unknown how this highly reactive DOM migrates in soil column,especially in rainfall events.In this study,pristine and aged corn biochars were applied to simulated soil columns filled with hematite/quartz or montmorillonite/quartz(3:7,w:w),and the DOM vertical migration was investigated under high-and low-intensity rainfalls.Results showed that montmorillonite could significantly inhibit the migration of the DOM by over 80%compared to the pure quartz system and 50%compared to hematite/quartz system.Minerals,especially montmorillonite,mainly preferentially adsorbed humic-like substance of DOM compared to polycyclic aromatic-like substance.Notably,under the same cumulative rainfall amount,DOM concentration gradually increased with the number of rainfall events in low-intensity rainfalls,but decreased sharply in high-intensity rainfalls.The relatively higher DOM concentration is beneficial to DOM sorption on minerals.These findings demonstrated that low-intensity rainfall facilitated the DOM retention on minerals especially in montmorillonite-rich soils.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017 to Huang Zhang)Scientific Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Project ID:14118899 to Huang Zhang)Thanks are extended to Saranyaphat Boonmee for their assistance in microscope use.
文摘Species with relatively small,membraneous,black ascomata,with or without long necks,unitunicate,cylindrical asci with apical rings and fusiform,hyaline ascospores with or without mucilaginous sheaths are common in freshwater habitats in tropical and temperate regions.Many of these taxa have originally been recorded as Annulatascaceae-like taxa.Twenty genera have been included in the family Annulatascaceae,mostly based on morphological characters,while molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are lacking for many genera.In this study,nine new Annulatascaceae-like taxa collected from Thailand were morphologically examined.Pure cultures obtained from single ascospores were used in molecular studies.The nine new strains and several other strains of Annulatascaceae-like Sordariomycetes species were used to establish phylogenetic and evolution relationships among the taxa,based on combined LSU,SSU,ITS and RPB2 sequence data.Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence to introduce one new order and six new families,to accommodate taxa excluded from Annulatascaceae sensu stricto.A new order Atractosporales is established based on the molecular study,including three new introduced families Conlariaceae,Pseudoproboscisporaceae and Atractosporaceae.Conlariaceae is introduced for the genus Conlarium which comprises two species,Conlarium duplumascosporun and a new Hyphomycetous asexual morph taxon Conlarium aquaticum which has subglobose or irregular,brown,clathrate,muriform conidia.Pseudoproboscisporaceae includes Pseudoproboscispora and Diluviicola,while Atractosporaceae includes the genera Rubellisphaeria and Atractospora.Barbatosphaeria,Xylomelasma and Ceratostomella form a distinct stable lineage which is introduced as a new family Barbatosphaeriaceae in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis.A new family Lentomitellaceae is introduced in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis,to accommodate the genus Lentomitella.Woswasiaceae is introduced to accommodate Woswasia,Xylochrysis and Cyanoannulus in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis.Three new species of Fluminicola viz.F.saprophytica,F.thailandensis and F.aquatica are introduced.A new sexual morph,Dictyosporella thailandensis,is reported and Dictyosporella is excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis.The first sexual morph of Sporidesmium,S.thailandense is also described.The new species Atractospora thailandensis,Diluviicola aquatica and Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis are also introduced.Platytrachelon is added to Papulosaceae based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters.Aquaticola,Fusoidispora and Pseudoannulatascus are excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Mirannulata is accommodated in Sordariomycetes,genera incertae sedis.
基金CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for Young Staff 2019-2021(grant number 2019FY0003)the Research Fund from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.Y71B283261)+45 种基金the Yunnan Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security(Grant No.Y836181261)National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)project code 31850410489 for financial research supportthe Foreign Experts Bureau of Yunnan Province,Foreign Talents Program(2018,Grant No.YNZ2018002)Thailand Research grants entitled Biodiversity,phylogeny and role of fungal endophytes on above parts of Rhizophora apiculata and Nypa fruticans(Grant No:RSA5980068)the future of specialist fungi in a changing climate:baseline data for generalist and specialist fungi associated with ants,Rhododendron species and Dracaena species(Grant No:DBG6080013)Impact of climate change on fungal diversity and biogeography in the Greater Mekong Subregion(Grant No:RDG6130001)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDY-SSW-SMC014)the National Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences for financial support under the following grants:41761144055,41771063 and Y4ZK111B01the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS(Belgium)for travel grantsCAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2018PC0006)the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC,project code 31750110478)CAS President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)for funding his postdoctoral research(Grant No.2019PC0008)supported under the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP),King Saud University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.the Kerala State Council for Science,Technology and Environment(KSCSTE)in the form of a PhD fellowship(Grant No.001/FSHP/2011/CSTE)the Principal Chief Conservator of forests,Kerala State,for granting permission(No.WL10-4937/2012,dated 03-10-2013)to collect agarics from the forests of Keralathe Council of Scientific&Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi,India,in the form of an award of CSIR Research Associateship(09/043(0178)2K17 dated:31/03/2017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:31470152 and 31360014)the Foundation of Innovative Group of Edible Mushrooms Industry of Beijing(Project ID:BAIC05-2017)the 5th batch of Postdoctoral Orientation Training Personnel in Yunnan Province and the 64th batch of China Postdoctoral Science FoundationCNPq for the Ph.D scholarship of RLMA(140283/2016-1)Pos-Graduacao em Biologia de Fungos(UFPE,Brazil)Capes(Capes-SIU 008/13)CNPq(PQ 307601/2015-3)FACEPE(APQ 0375-2.03/15)for funding the researchfinancial support from the Agreement ENDESA and San Ignacio de Huinay Foundations and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,CSIC(Projects No.2011HUIN10,2013CL0012,2014CL0011)the AECID(Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion Internacional para el Desarrollo)and Plan Nacional I+D+i project no.CGL2015-67459-Psupported by a Predoctoral Grant from the Ministerio de Economıa y Competitividad(Spain)(BES-2016-077793)Croatian Science Foundation for their partial support under the project HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736(ForFungiDNA)supported by the Graduate Program for the Undiscovered Taxa of Koreathe Project on Survey and Discovery of Indigenous Fungal Species of Korea funded by NIBR and Project on Discovery of Fungi from Freshwater and Collection of Fungarium funded by NNIBR of the Ministry of Environment(MOE)in part carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(PJ013744)Rural Development Administration,and BK21 PLUS program funded by Ministry of Education,Republic of Koreathe CASTWAS for the PhD Fellowship.Sanjay K.Singh,Paras Nath Singh,Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank Director,MACS,Agharkar Research Institute,Pune,India for providing facilities.Shiwali Rana and Frank Kwekucher Ackah thank UGC(Junior Research Fellowship)and DST,Govt.of India(CV Raman Fellowship for African Researchers),respectively.Gen-Nuo Wang,Huang Zhang,Wei Dong and Xian-Dong Yu thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project ID:NSF 31500017).Bandarupalli Devadatha and V.Venkateswara Sarma thank The Ministry of Earth sciences,Govt.of India(Sanction order:MOES/36/OO1S/Extra/40/2014/PC-IV dt.14.1.2015)for a funding of the project,T,District Forest Office,Tiruvarur,Tamil Nadu and PCCF(Head of Forest Force),Chennai,Tamil Nadu Forest Department for providing permission to collect samples from Muthupet mangroves,and Department of Biotechnology,Pondicherry University is thanked for providing the facilities.Myung Soo Park,Seung-Yoon Oh and Young Woon Lim thank the Marine Bio Resource Bank Program of the Ministry of Ocean&Fisheries,Korea.Olinto Pereira thanks the CAPES,CNPq and FAPEMIG for financial support.Neven Matocˇec,Ivana Kusˇan and Margita Jadan express their gratitude to Livio Lorenzon,Enrico Bizio and Raffaella Trabucco(MCVE)for their kind help with loan of Sarcopeziza sicula type materialparts of their research were financed by Public Institutions Sjeverni Velebit National Park and Paklenica National Parkthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013,NSFC 31260087,NSFC 31460561)the Scientific Research Foundation of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(2017ZZX186)utilization of endophytes and the Thousand Talents Plan,Youth Project of Yunnan Provincesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31760014)and the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.[2017]5788)Thailand Research Fund(TRF)Grant No MRG6080089 for financial research supportThe Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(PHD60K0147)under Thailand Research Fund,for financial research supports on project entitle"Fungi on limestone outcrops from southern Thailand to lower himalyas"the National Research Council of Thailand(Grant No.61215320023,61215320013)the Thailand Research Fund(Grant No.TRG6180001)for research financial supportthe Thailand Research Fund(RTA 5880006)Chiang Mai University for partially support this research workChina-Thailand Joint Lab on Microbial Biotechnology(Most KY201701011)for financial supportthe Mushroom Research Foundation for research financial support and PhD Fellowships.
文摘This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(Grant No.202302AO370001)NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation(MIANYANG CENTRAL HOSPITAL)(Grant No.2021HYX030 and 2021HYX006).
文摘PM_(2.5)pollution variations in different microenvironments would result in PM_(2.5)exposure inequity between rural and urban residents.In this study,the real-time PM_(2.5)exposure of urban and rural residents in China was examined based on portable PM_(2.5)sensors together with activity patterns derived from questionnaire surveys,with a focus on students and senior citizens who are sensitive to air pollution.The results showed that PM_(2.5)exposure varied significantly among different resident groups,with higher PM_(2.5)exposure of rural residents than those of urban residents.PM_(2.5)exposure peaks mostly occurred during(Accompanied)cooking activities owing to strong emissions.Sleeping and resting were the main activities that affected PM_(2.5)exposures of different resident groups,accounting for 60.7%-94.5%of total daily exposures.Furthermore,the long duration of sleeping makes it the predominant activity contributing to PM 25 exposure inequity.It is necessary to obtain point-to-point respiratory volume(respiratory rate)data when measuring real-time PM_(2.5)exposure data and incorporate respiratory volume(respiratory rate)into the analysis of PM_(2.5)exposure.For the first time,this study quantified the PM_(2.5)exposure inequality based on a novel method and can provide useful information for further studies on the exposure inequity.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Project at Southwest United Graduate School(202302 AP370002)National Natural Science Fund of China(42277236)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201BE070001-012)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202202 AG050019).
文摘Biochar can regulate methane(CH_(4))emissions from paddy soils.However,the mechanism through which biochar conductivity influences methanogenesis in paddy soils remains unclear.In this study,biochar samples with varying conductivity levels were prepared by incorporating different amounts of graphene.The dissolved organic matter(DOM)derived from biochar was completely eliminated before its application.The addition of conductive biochar in the paddy soil system increased CH_(4)production by enhancing the electron transfer rate(ETR),as demonstrated by a significant positive correlation between CH_(4)production and ETR.Electrochemical experiments conducted after the removal of DOM from paddy soil demonstrated that biochar enhanced the ETR in paddy soils by facilitating the electron transfer of dissolved organic matter.Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate(AQDS),a common analogue for quinone-and hydroquinone-containing molecules in DOM,facilitates electron transfer and serves as a model for electrochemically active DOM.An experiment with biochar and AQDS confirmed that biochar enhanced the ETR of AQDS,supporting previous findings.Following incubation,methanogenic archaea showed no significant change in relative abundance across systems,demonstrating that that biochar enhanced methanogenesis solely via accelerated ETRs,without altering the microbial community composition.This study deepens our understanding of how biochar conductivity affects methanogenesis and offers scientific guidance for optimising the use of biochar in paddy soils.
基金supported by the Youth Foundation of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(grant number QNJJ202429)the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(grant number KJCX20240506)the earmarked fund for CARS(grant number CARS-02-23).
文摘The impact of microplastics on the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soil by biochar is still unclear.Therefore,in the present study,we investigated the effects of combining different biochars with polylactic acid(PLA)microplastics on the growth of Chinese cabbage,rhizosphere soil metabolomics,bacterial community structure,and Cd accumulation in Cd-contaminated soil.Compared with the treatment with biochar alone,the addition of PLA suppressed plant growth,but also reduced Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage by 8–42%;the treatment with sugarcane bagasse biochar(SBC)–PLA showed the most prominent effect.Compared with the treatment with SBC alone,SBC–PLA reduced Cd accumulation in roots and aboveground parts by 47 and 22%,respectively(p<0.05).The addition of PLA enhanced the soil organic matter,dissolved organic carbon,and total nitrogen contents,but reduced the available phosphorus and readily available potassium contents,with no significant impact on available Cd.The rhizosphere metabolite analysis showed that PLA plus biochar promoted the formation of cyclohexene terpenoids and chelating agents,the urea cycle,and chelation with Cd ions,thereby reducing Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage roots.The microbial structure analysis demonstrated that PLA plus biochar drove chelation between organic carbon,nitrogen,and Cd.This study highlights the potential of microplastics for mitigating Cd accumulation in plants and the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil.
基金Funding for this work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371077)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(2023YFE0112900).
文摘Globally,over three billion people rely on traditional solid fuels for cooking and heating,leading to significant household air pollution and critical public health concerns.While transitioning to clean energy carriers faces challenges of accessibility and affordabilitydespecially among low-income,rural populationsdalternative strategies like kitchen layout modifications and the use of ventilation fans may effectively reduce exposure to pollutants.Here,we analyze factors influencing the adoption of separated kitchens and mechanical ventilation and evaluate changes in human exposure to PM2.5 under different kitchen renovation scenarios by conducting a nationwide survey of household kitchen characteristics in rural China.We found that although 82%of rural households have kitchens separated from other rooms,only 34%use mechanical ventilation.The adoption of ventilation fans is significantly influenced by income and education levels.We estimate that widespread implementation of ventilation fans and separated kitchen designs could prevent approximately 67400 premature deaths annually,resulting in a health benefit of about USD 19 billion per yeardsubstantially exceeding the costs involved.These findings suggest that cost-effective kitchen renovations offer enormous potential for substantial health benefits and present a practical solution compared to the challenges of clean energy transitions in rural areas.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42007370)the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(Grant No.202302AO_(3)70001)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.YJ202315)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202301AT070331).
文摘The coexistence of caffeine(CF)and ketamine(KET)in surface waters across Asia has been widely reported.Previous studies have implied that CF and KET may share a mechanism of action.However,the combined toxicity of these two chemicals on aquatic organisms remains unclear at environmental levels,and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that KET antagonizes the adverse effects of CF on zebrafish larvae by modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic synapse pathway.Specifically,KET(10e250 ng L^(-1))ameliorates the locomotor hyperactivity and impaired circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae induced by 2 mg L^(-1) of CF,showing a dose-dependent relationship.Additionally,the developmental abnormalities in zebrafish larvae exposed to CF are mitigated by KET,with an incidence rate reduced from 26.7%to 6.7%.The competition between CF and KET for binding sites on the GABA-A receptor(in situ and in silico)elucidates the antagonistic interactions between the two chemicals.Following a seven-day recovery period,the adverse outcomes of CF exposure persist in the fish,whereas the changes observed in the CFþKET groups are significantly alleviated,especially with KET at 10 ng L^(-1).Based on these results,it is imperative to further assess the environmental risks associated with CF and KET co-pollution.This pilot study underscores the utility of systems toxicology approaches in estimating the combined toxicity of environmental chemicals on aquatic organisms.Moreover,the nighttime behavioral functions of fish could serve as a sensitive biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of psychoactive substances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42130711 and 42067055)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202202AG050019).
文摘The response of soil microorganisms and plants in soil ecosystems to biochar is well recognised.However,biochars’impact on large soil animal,such as ants,is inadequately understood,with only limited studies focusing on the abundance and mortality rates of some specific ant species.In this study,soil physicochemical properties,and ant community diversity and functional characteristics were compared between experimental plots with and without biochar application.No significant differences in soil(soil physicochemical properties)or ants(ant community richness,species abundance,and morphological characteristics)were observed between the two plots before biochar application.However,the biochar-treated plot soil surface temperatures,pH,and soil water content were significantly higher after 48 weeks.Biochar application promoted Cardiocondyla nuda(by 426%)and Formica japonica abundance(by 93%),but decreased Solenopsis invicta invasive ant species richness(by 54%),consistent with the fact that changes in soil properties were more beneficial to the former two species.In addition,in biochar-treated plots,F.japonica and S.invicta generally showed larger body size(18%and 6.7%),larger eyes(2.7%and 4.0%),and longer femurs(6.3%and 7.9%),which enabled them to respond better to potential barriers,such as plants.Our results highlighted that,besides species abundance and community structure,certain ant functional morphological indicators were also informative in evaluating biochar ecological implications.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC1807000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.XDA28030501)+9 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991333,41977137,42090060)the International Atomic Energy Agency Research Project(D15022)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2011225[Fang Wang],Y201859[H.Wang],2013201[J.Su],2021309[Y.Song],Y2022084[M.Ye])Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(2020DC0005,2022DC0001,2024DC0009)the Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ISSAS2419)the Research Group Linkage project from Alexander von Humboldt foundation,the Center for Health Impacts of Agriculture(CHIA)of Michigan State University,and the URI STEEP Superfund Center(grant#P42ES027706)Fang Wang was partly supported by the fellowship of Alexander von Humboldt for experienced researchers,and Shennong Young Talents of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(SNYCQN006-2022)J.P.and T.R.S.were supported by the Canada Research Chair program.B.W.B.was supported by a Royal Society of New Zealand Catalyst International Leaders fellowship.K.K.B.was supported by Innovation Fund Denmark and the European Commission Horizon 2020 financed under the ERA-NET Aquatic Pollutants Joint Transnational Call(REWA,GA no.869178)S.A.H.was partly supported by a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,National Institutes of Health grant number P42ES04911-29(Project 4)T.R.S.thanks CESAM by FCT/MCTES(UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020)。
文摘Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health.Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet.In response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution Prevention.This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach.Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels.Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
