Laboratory batch sorption and column transport experiments were performed on heterogeneous alluvial soils with a wide range of physical characteristics from wells that are located in the region between Mogan Lake and ...Laboratory batch sorption and column transport experiments were performed on heterogeneous alluvial soils with a wide range of physical characteristics from wells that are located in the region between Mogan Lake and Eymir Lake,Glbasι,Ankara.The mean values for the Kd of Cu were found to be highest in clay(32550.350 L/kg) and lowest in loamy sand(18170.76 L/kg).The minimum and maximum sorption capacity values(mean values) for Zn were found to be in clay(10985.148 mg/kg) and in silty loam(8597.14 mg/kg) units,respectively.Similarly,the minimum and maximum values for Mn were found in loamy sand(4908.695 mg/kg) and clay(7587.391 mg/kg) units.The non-linear least-squares optimization code "CXTFIT" was used to determine transport parameter values by curve-fitting.The results of the column experiments demonstrate dispersivity values within the range of 0.024-1.13 cm for soil samples.展开更多
Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden regio...Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden region account for approximately 12% of the country’s copper production.There is a risk of water pollution due to significant mine waste which affects the Inci and Maden rivers.The water needs of many settlements are met from these streams,which run through these two mine sites.This study investigated the water pollution in the rivers.25 water samples were collected during the dry and rainy periods,and the Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr and Zn contents of these samples were examined in terms of health.Evaluation of element concentrations and creation of spatial distribution maps were performed using ArcGIS software.Spatial distribution maps,correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the source of heavy metals observed in waters is mine fields.The heavy metal content of the samples is higher in the dry period,the high concentration values are obtained from the mine sites,the decrease in the concentrations throughout the flow during the rainy period,are indicators of the effect of the mines on the water pollution.As a result of the comparison from the analysis results of water samples with World Health Organization(WHO),Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and European Commission(EC)standards,the element values of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni and Pb exceeded the permissible values for health.The concentrations of these elements for dry period samples are:0-6.411 mg L^(-1),0.006-0.235 mg L^(-1),0-13.433 mg L^(-1),0-0.316 mg L^(-1),0-0.495 mg L^(-1),0-0.065mg L^(-1),and for rainy period samples are 0-1.698mg/L,0-0.2 mg L^(-1),0-9.033 mg L^(-1),0-0.173 mg L^(-1),0-0.373 mg L^(-1),0-0.034 mg L^(-1),respectively.Although the waters in the region are polluted by heavy metals,it has been determined that there is no noncarcinogenic hazard as a result of the calculation of the hazard index(HI<1)by ingestion and dermal contact within the scope of human health risk assessment.This study will be beneficial as it draws attention to the prevention of the negative effects of water pollution,which may cause serious health problems in the future as a result of mining activities in the region.展开更多
Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing th...Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.展开更多
Lake Uluabat, having an international significance and subject to the Ramsar Convention, is fed by the basin of Mustafakemalpasa Stream which runs through fertile lands utilized for livestock breeding and agriculture....Lake Uluabat, having an international significance and subject to the Ramsar Convention, is fed by the basin of Mustafakemalpasa Stream which runs through fertile lands utilized for livestock breeding and agriculture. In this study, total amount of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) loads of non-point pollutants (agriculture, livestock breeding, vegetation, surface runoff and small settlements) was calculated. It was found out that most intensive pollution load stemmed from livestock breeding which causes dispersion of 13653.57 tons·year-1 of TN and 3224.45 tons·year-1 of TP into the Lake Uluabat. Additionally, seasonal changes in concentration of TN and TP were observed during the period of 2008-2009 in Lake Uluabat. It was concluded that the rise of agricultural activities in summer months was the reason underlying the increase in pollution during the months in question.展开更多
This research aims to perform an energy input-output analysis of lavender plant production in Isparta Province of Turkey.In order to determine the energy use efficiency of lavender plant,experiments and trials have be...This research aims to perform an energy input-output analysis of lavender plant production in Isparta Province of Turkey.In order to determine the energy use efficiency of lavender plant,experiments and trials have been conducted on 10 lavender farms around Keçiborlu region of Isparta Province.Keçiborlu region of Isparta Province is an important location for lavender production.On these 10 lavender farms,energy input-output has also been calculated through trial and measurement methods during the production season of 2013.In lavender production,energy input has been calculated as 6336.50 MJ/hm^(2)and energy output has been calculated as 17528.81 MJ/hm^(2).Energy inputs consist of chemical fertilizers energy by 52.88%,diesel energy by 33.32%,machinery energy by 9.72%,human labour energy by 2.85%and chemicals by 1.23%.Energy use efficiency,energy productivity,specific energy and net energy in lavender production have been calculated as 2.77;0.75 kg/MJ,1.34 MJ/kg and 11192.31 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.Benefit-cost ratio has been calculated as 3.41 by dividing the gross value of production by the total cost of production per hectare.展开更多
Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be estab...Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be established.The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of altitude and different pretreatment combinations of cold and warm stratifications,citric acid,shaking seeds in bottles with crushed glass,and different stimulating agents including Baikal EM1,Biohumus,Polystimulin A6 and K hormones(PS-A6 and PS-K)on seed germination of Syrian juniper.To conduct the study,the cones of the Syrian junipers were collected from three different altitudes(1000,1200,and 1400 m a.s.l.)within the boundaries of Forest Management Directorate of Bozyazı,Mersin in Turkey.The seeds were subjected to three replicates per one treatment(altitude in interaction with pretreatment).There were 100 seeds per replicate.Results:Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of altitude,pretreatment,and their interaction on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper.Seeds from higher altitudes had higher germination rates in all pretreatments.The highest percent emergence(85%)was recorded in the combination consisting of shaking with crushed glass,both cold and warm stratification,and successive application of stimulators PS-A6 and PS-K.All the treatments with most germinating seeds encompassed shaking in crushed glass or soaking in citric acid,both warm and cold stratifications,and application of stimulating agents.Conclusions:The use of seeds from higher altitudes should be considered for seedling production of Syrian juniper due to their higher germination potential.Beyond altitudinal differences,specific pretreatments can rise germination potential more than twofold.展开更多
文摘Laboratory batch sorption and column transport experiments were performed on heterogeneous alluvial soils with a wide range of physical characteristics from wells that are located in the region between Mogan Lake and Eymir Lake,Glbasι,Ankara.The mean values for the Kd of Cu were found to be highest in clay(32550.350 L/kg) and lowest in loamy sand(18170.76 L/kg).The minimum and maximum sorption capacity values(mean values) for Zn were found to be in clay(10985.148 mg/kg) and in silty loam(8597.14 mg/kg) units,respectively.Similarly,the minimum and maximum values for Mn were found in loamy sand(4908.695 mg/kg) and clay(7587.391 mg/kg) units.The non-linear least-squares optimization code "CXTFIT" was used to determine transport parameter values by curve-fitting.The results of the column experiments demonstrate dispersivity values within the range of 0.024-1.13 cm for soil samples.
文摘Turkey’s Eastern Anatolia Region is the oldest known mineral mining area of Maden and Alacakaya.Chromite production in the Alacakaya field constitutes 50% of the country’s exports,and copper mines in the Maden region account for approximately 12% of the country’s copper production.There is a risk of water pollution due to significant mine waste which affects the Inci and Maden rivers.The water needs of many settlements are met from these streams,which run through these two mine sites.This study investigated the water pollution in the rivers.25 water samples were collected during the dry and rainy periods,and the Al,Cr,Cu,Fe,Li,Mn,Ni,Pb,Sr and Zn contents of these samples were examined in terms of health.Evaluation of element concentrations and creation of spatial distribution maps were performed using ArcGIS software.Spatial distribution maps,correlation and cluster analysis indicate that the source of heavy metals observed in waters is mine fields.The heavy metal content of the samples is higher in the dry period,the high concentration values are obtained from the mine sites,the decrease in the concentrations throughout the flow during the rainy period,are indicators of the effect of the mines on the water pollution.As a result of the comparison from the analysis results of water samples with World Health Organization(WHO),Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)and European Commission(EC)standards,the element values of Al,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni and Pb exceeded the permissible values for health.The concentrations of these elements for dry period samples are:0-6.411 mg L^(-1),0.006-0.235 mg L^(-1),0-13.433 mg L^(-1),0-0.316 mg L^(-1),0-0.495 mg L^(-1),0-0.065mg L^(-1),and for rainy period samples are 0-1.698mg/L,0-0.2 mg L^(-1),0-9.033 mg L^(-1),0-0.173 mg L^(-1),0-0.373 mg L^(-1),0-0.034 mg L^(-1),respectively.Although the waters in the region are polluted by heavy metals,it has been determined that there is no noncarcinogenic hazard as a result of the calculation of the hazard index(HI<1)by ingestion and dermal contact within the scope of human health risk assessment.This study will be beneficial as it draws attention to the prevention of the negative effects of water pollution,which may cause serious health problems in the future as a result of mining activities in the region.
文摘Environmental Engineers are generally unable to proclaim their projects or their engineering solutions against any problem to large masses. Environmental Engineering includes two fundamental approaches： preventing the pollution, and solving the poUution problem after it is arised. Although the first one is preferred, in many developing countries the general tendency is as the solution of pollution after generation. Neither politicians nor public are willing to pay before seeing the threat, although they should be. This conflict decelerates the works to keep the environment and increase the non-success stories and problemmatic situatons. The growing concern in pollution problems gave rise to intensive coverage of the media as one of their main public responsibilities. Because file influence of the media has been regarded as a powerful force in society for many years, the coverage of environmental problems increase the awareness and reduce the resistance against the engineering works. Under these circarnstances this study focuses on the effect of media on public awareness and their participation in the solution of environmental problems. When the journalists are aware of their role in environmental issues, the program will be of high quality and accomplishes the objective, therefore supporting the Environmental Engineers in creating solutions. As a sample, a national Turkish commercial broadcasting company programs were investigated via contents analy sis and discussed.
基金funded by the Environment,Atmosphere,Earth and Marine Sciences group(CAYDAG)(Project No:107Y278)of the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)Scientific Research Foundation(Project No:M-2007/27)of Uludag University.
文摘Lake Uluabat, having an international significance and subject to the Ramsar Convention, is fed by the basin of Mustafakemalpasa Stream which runs through fertile lands utilized for livestock breeding and agriculture. In this study, total amount of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) loads of non-point pollutants (agriculture, livestock breeding, vegetation, surface runoff and small settlements) was calculated. It was found out that most intensive pollution load stemmed from livestock breeding which causes dispersion of 13653.57 tons·year-1 of TN and 3224.45 tons·year-1 of TP into the Lake Uluabat. Additionally, seasonal changes in concentration of TN and TP were observed during the period of 2008-2009 in Lake Uluabat. It was concluded that the rise of agricultural activities in summer months was the reason underlying the increase in pollution during the months in question.
文摘This research aims to perform an energy input-output analysis of lavender plant production in Isparta Province of Turkey.In order to determine the energy use efficiency of lavender plant,experiments and trials have been conducted on 10 lavender farms around Keçiborlu region of Isparta Province.Keçiborlu region of Isparta Province is an important location for lavender production.On these 10 lavender farms,energy input-output has also been calculated through trial and measurement methods during the production season of 2013.In lavender production,energy input has been calculated as 6336.50 MJ/hm^(2)and energy output has been calculated as 17528.81 MJ/hm^(2).Energy inputs consist of chemical fertilizers energy by 52.88%,diesel energy by 33.32%,machinery energy by 9.72%,human labour energy by 2.85%and chemicals by 1.23%.Energy use efficiency,energy productivity,specific energy and net energy in lavender production have been calculated as 2.77;0.75 kg/MJ,1.34 MJ/kg and 11192.31 MJ/hm^(2),respectively.Benefit-cost ratio has been calculated as 3.41 by dividing the gross value of production by the total cost of production per hectare.
文摘Background:Syrian juniper is an economically important species and in danger of extinction.For these reasons,the best seedling production methods of the species should be determined and its plantations should be established.The aim of the study is to examine the impacts of altitude and different pretreatment combinations of cold and warm stratifications,citric acid,shaking seeds in bottles with crushed glass,and different stimulating agents including Baikal EM1,Biohumus,Polystimulin A6 and K hormones(PS-A6 and PS-K)on seed germination of Syrian juniper.To conduct the study,the cones of the Syrian junipers were collected from three different altitudes(1000,1200,and 1400 m a.s.l.)within the boundaries of Forest Management Directorate of Bozyazı,Mersin in Turkey.The seeds were subjected to three replicates per one treatment(altitude in interaction with pretreatment).There were 100 seeds per replicate.Results:Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of altitude,pretreatment,and their interaction on seedling emergence of Syrian juniper.Seeds from higher altitudes had higher germination rates in all pretreatments.The highest percent emergence(85%)was recorded in the combination consisting of shaking with crushed glass,both cold and warm stratification,and successive application of stimulators PS-A6 and PS-K.All the treatments with most germinating seeds encompassed shaking in crushed glass or soaking in citric acid,both warm and cold stratifications,and application of stimulating agents.Conclusions:The use of seeds from higher altitudes should be considered for seedling production of Syrian juniper due to their higher germination potential.Beyond altitudinal differences,specific pretreatments can rise germination potential more than twofold.
