The effects of forward extrusion as well as extrusion combined with reversible torsion(KoBo extrusion),followed by additional deformation via the MaxStrain module of the Gleeble thermomechanical simulator,on the micro...The effects of forward extrusion as well as extrusion combined with reversible torsion(KoBo extrusion),followed by additional deformation via the MaxStrain module of the Gleeble thermomechanical simulator,on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and electrical conductivity of a Cu−0.7Mg(wt.%)alloy,were investigated.The simulation results highlighted the critical influence of processing history on determining the equivalent strain distribution.The sample subjected to forward extrusion at 400℃and subsequent MaxStrain processing(FM sample),possessed 76%lower grain size compared to the sample processed solely with MaxStrain(AM sample).Likewise,the KoBo-extruded and MaxStrain-processed sample(KM sample)exhibited 66%smaller grain size compared to the AM sample.Tensile test results revealed that the AM,FM,and KM samples,respectively,possessed 251%,288%,and 360%higher yield strength,and 95%,121%,and 169%higher tensile strength compared to the initial annealed alloy,as a result of grain refinement as well as deformation strengthening.Finally,the electrical conductivity measurements revealed that AM,FM,and KM samples,respectively,possessed electrical conductivity values of 37.9,35.6,and 32.0 MS/m,which,by considering their mechanical properties,makes them eligible to be categorized as high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys.展开更多
This article presents an Artificial Neural Network （ANN） architecture to model the Electrical Discharge Machining （EDM） process. It is aimed to develop the ANN model using an input-output pattern of raw data colle...This article presents an Artificial Neural Network （ANN） architecture to model the Electrical Discharge Machining （EDM） process. It is aimed to develop the ANN model using an input-output pattern of raw data collected from an experimental of EDM process, whereas several research objectives have been outlined such as experimenting machining material for selected gap current, identifying machining parameters for ANN variables and selecting appropriate size of data selection. The experimental data （input variables） of copper-electrode and steel-workpiece is based on a selected gap current where pulse on time, pulse off time and sparking frequency have been chosen at optimum value of Material Removal Rate （MRR）. In this paper, the result has significantly demonstrated that the ANN model is capable of predicting the MRR with low percentage prediction error when compared with the experimental result.展开更多
Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral r...Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral resolution limit of microscopy.However,the physical effects leading to resolution enhancement are still frequently debated.In addition,various configurations of MAM operating in transmission mode as well as reflection mode are examined,and the results are sometimes generalized.We present a rigorous simulation model of MAM and introduce a way to quantify the resolution enhancement.The lateral resolution is compared for microscope arrangements in reflection and transmission modes.Furthermore,we discuss different physical effects with respect to their contribution to resolution enhancement.The results indicate that the effects impacting the resolution in MAM strongly depend on the arrangement of the microscope and the measurement object.As a highlight,we outline that evanescent waves in combination with whispering gallery modes also improve the imaging capabilities,enabling super-resolution under certain circumstances.This result is contrary to the conclusions drawn from previous studies,where phase objects have been analyzed,and thus further emphasizes the complexity of the physical mechanisms underlying MAM.展开更多
This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a n...This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a nonlinear model predictive control algorithm which determines the optimal switching operations of the distribution system.The goal of the control algorithm is to find the optimal radial network topology which minimizes cumulative active power losses and maximizes voltages across the network while simultaneously satisfying all system constraints.The optimization results are validated through multiple simulations(using real power demand data collected for a few characteristic days during winter and summer)which demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the developed control algorithm in reducing the grid losses by up to 14%.展开更多
Resource allocation remains a challenging issue in communication networks,and its complexity is continuously increasing with the densification of the networks.With the evolution of new wireless technologies such as Fi...Resource allocation remains a challenging issue in communication networks,and its complexity is continuously increasing with the densification of the networks.With the evolution of new wireless technologies such as Fifth Generation(5G)and Sixth Generation(6G)mobile networks,the service level requirements have become stricter and more heterogeneous depending on the use case.In this paper,we review a large body of literature on various resource allocation schemes that are used in particular in mobile wireless communication networks and compare the proposed schemes in terms of performance indicators as well as techniques used.Our review shows that among the strategies proposed in the literature,there is a wide variety of optimization targets and combinations thereof,focusing mainly on performance indicators such as energy efficiency,spectral efficiency,and network capacity.In addition,in this paper,selected algorithms for resource allocation are numerically analyzed through simulations to compare and highlight the importance of how the resource algorithms are implemented to achieve efficient usage of the available spectrum.The performance of selected algorithms is evaluated in a multi-cell heterogeneous network and compared to proportional fair and eICIC,a widely-used combination of resource allocation and interferencemitigation techniques used by communication networks.The results show that one approach may performbetter when looking at the individual average user data rate but worse when looking at the overall spectral or energy efficiency,depending on the category of traffic.The results,therefore,confirm that theremay not be a single algorithmthat visibly outperforms other candidates in terms of all performance criteria.Instead,their efficiency is always a consequence of a strategic choice of goals,and the targeted parameters are optimized at a price.Thus,the development and implementation of resource allocation algorithms must follow concrete usage scenarios and network needs and be highly dependent on the requirements and criteria of network performance.展开更多
As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inve...As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-g...The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.展开更多
The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds great significance in chemical engineering,agriculture,and national defense.However,the underlying influence of...The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds great significance in chemical engineering,agriculture,and national defense.However,the underlying influence of interfacial charge dynamics on catalytic performance remains poorly understood due to limitations in conventional characterization techniques.In this study,we employ thiolate-protected gold-silver metal nanoclusters(MNCs)and nitrogen-doped carbon dot-modified nanoclusters(MNCs/N-CDs)as model systems to investigate ORR selectivity and charge dynamics under light irradiation.This catalyst design leverages the self-oxidation behavior of thiolate ligands and the intrinsic ORR selectivity of nanoclusters to establish a clean and well-defined photocatalytic system.By integrating time-resolved transient photovoltage(TPV)spectroscopy and operando transient potential scanning(TPS)test,we demonstrate that N-CDs promote the separation and storage of photoinduced charge carriers,as well as enhance oxygen adsorption and activation on the catalyst surface,thereby significantly improving H_(2)O_(2)production efficiency.These findings offer new mechanistic insights into the interplay between interfacial charge dynamics and photocatalytic performance,providing guidance for the rational design of advanced ORR catalysts.展开更多
Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,M...Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.展开更多
Cr coatings,as protective coatings of Zr-alloy fuel claddings,inevitably suffer from irradiation damage before they would possibly run into the accident condition.This study evaluates the radiation and oxidation toler...Cr coatings,as protective coatings of Zr-alloy fuel claddings,inevitably suffer from irradiation damage before they would possibly run into the accident condition.This study evaluates the radiation and oxidation tolerance of three Cr-based coatings with different microstructures(Cr,CrAlSi,and CrAlSiN)through He2+ion irradiation and 1200℃ steam oxidation.The Cr and CrAlSi coatings experienced significant structural degradation,characterized by He bubble aggregation and amplified Kirkendall effects at elevated temperatures.In contrast,the irradiated CrAlSiN coating maintained structural integrity without measurable irradiation hardening.Following annealing at 800℃ for 30 min,approximately 40%of injected He atoms were released,indicating a“self-healing”mechanism.The mechanism is attributed to uniformly distributed,low-density channels that act as sinks and release paths for irradiation-induced defects.Density functional theory simulations suggest that N atoms promote significant rearrangement of ions surrounding the free volume,inhibiting the formation of sites capable of trapping He atoms.Moreover,the CrAlSiN coating exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to the Cr and CrAlSi coatings,even under high-temperature steam conditions.Notably,the irradiated CrAlSiN sample displayed a significantly thinner oxide scale compared to the pristine one(almost half),owing to a more protective oxide scale and rapid outward diffusion of Cr,Al,and Si through nanochannel veins.These findings illuminate the effects of structure and composition on irradiation and oxidation behavior in Cr-based coatings,offering insights for developing new-generation accident-tolerance fuel coatings for Zr-alloy claddings.展开更多
Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the trea...Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses.Therefore,it is impor-tant to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains.In this study,novel selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles(SeTeNPs)were synthesized and characterized.Their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a bovine model.A total of 10 heifers were divided into experimental and control groups(5 animals each).After intramammary infection with methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and the development of clinical signs of mastitis,a dose of SeTeNPs was administered to all quarters in the experimental group.Results Based on in vitro tests,the concentration of 149.70 mg/L and 263.95 mg/L of Se and Te,respectively,was used for application into the mammary gland.Three days after SeTeNPs administration,MRSA counts in the experimental group showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control group.The inhibitory effect observed within the in vitro experiments was thus confirmed,resulting in the suppression of infection in ani-mals.Moreover,the superior biocompatibility of SeTeNPs in the organism was demonstrated,as the nanoparticles did not significantly alter the inflammatory response or histopathology at the site of application,i.e.,mammary gland,compared to the control group(P>0.05).Additionally,the metabolic profile of the blood plasma as well as the histology of the main organs remained unaffected,indicating that the nanoparticles had no adverse effects on the organism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that SeTeNPs can be used as a promising treatment for bovine mastitis in the pres-ence of resistant bacteria.However,the current study is limited by its small sample size,making it primarily a proof of the concept for the efficacy of intramammary-applied SeTeNPs.Therefore,further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these results.展开更多
Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility and theoretical modeling suggest that side stimulated Raman scattering(SSRS)instability could reduce laser–plasma coupling and generate considerable fluxes of supr...Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility and theoretical modeling suggest that side stimulated Raman scattering(SSRS)instability could reduce laser–plasma coupling and generate considerable fluxes of suprathermal hot electrons under interaction conditions envisaged for direct-drive schemes for inertial confinement fusion.Nonetheless,SSRS remains to date one of the least understood parametric instabilities.Here,we report the first angularly and spectrally resolved measurements of scattered light at laser intensities relevant for the shock ignition scheme(I×10^(16)W/cm^(2)),showing significant SSRS growth in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization.Modification of the focal spot shape and orientation,obtained by using two different random phase plates,and of the density gradient of the plasma,by utilizing exploding foil targets of different thicknesses,clearly reveals a different dependence of backward SRS(BSRS)and SSRS on experimental parameters.While convective BSRS scales with plasma density scale length,as expected by linear theory,the growth of SSRS depends on the spot extension in the direction perpendicular to laser polarization.Our analysis therefore demonstrates that under current experimental conditions,with density scale lengths L_(n)≈60–120μm and spot sizes FWHM≈40–100μm,SSRS is limited by laser beam size rather than by the density scale length of the plasma.展开更多
Space exploration is significant for scientific innovation,resource utilization,and planetary security.Space exploration involves several systems including satellites,space suits,communication systems,and robotics,whi...Space exploration is significant for scientific innovation,resource utilization,and planetary security.Space exploration involves several systems including satellites,space suits,communication systems,and robotics,which have to function under harsh space conditions such as extreme temperatures(−270 to 1650℃),microgravity(10^(-6)g),unhealthy humidity(<20%RH or>60%RH),high atmospheric pressure(~1450 psi),and radiation(4000–5000 mSv).Conventional energy-harvesting technologies(solar cells,fuel cells,and nuclear energy),that are normally used to power these space systems have certain limitations(e.g.,sunlight dependence,weight,degradation,big size,high cost,low capacity,radioactivity,complexity,and low efficiency).The constraints in conventional energy resources have made it imperative to look for non-conventional yet efficient alternatives.A great potential for enhancing efficiency,sustainability,and mission duration in space exploration can be offered by integrating triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)with existing energy sources.Recently,the potential of TENG including energy harvesting(from vibrations/movements in satellites and spacecraft),self-powered sensing,and microgravity,for multiple applications in different space missions has been discussed.This review comprehensively covers the use of TENGs for various space applications,such as planetary exploration missions(Mars environment monitoring),manned space equipment,In-orbit robotic operations/collision monitoring,spacecraft’s design and structural health monitoring,Aeronautical systems,and conventional energy harvesting(solar and nuclear).This review also discusses the use of self-powered TENG sensors for deep space object perception.At the same time,this review compares TENGs with conventional energy harvesting technologies for space systems.Lastly,this review talks about energy harvesting in satellites,TENG-based satellite communication systems,and future practical implementation challenges(with possible solutions).展开更多
Improving rollover and stability of the vehicles is the indispensable part of automotive research to prevent vehicle rollover and crashes.The main objective of this work is to develop active control mechanism based on...Improving rollover and stability of the vehicles is the indispensable part of automotive research to prevent vehicle rollover and crashes.The main objective of this work is to develop active control mechanism based on fuzzy logic controller(FLC) and linear quadratic regulator(LQR) for improving vehicle path following,roll and handling performances simultaneously.3-DOF vehicle model including yaw rate,lateral velocity(lateral dynamic) and roll angle(roll dynamic) were developed.The controller produces optimal moment to increase stability and roll margin of vehicle by receiving the steering angle as an input and vehicle variables as a feedback signal.The effectiveness of proposed controller and vehicle model were evaluated during fishhook and single lane-change maneuvers.Simulation results demonstrate that in both cases(FLC and LQR controllers) by reducing roll angle,lateral acceleration and side slip angles remain under 0.6g and 4° during maneuver,which ensures vehicle stability and handling properties.Finally,the sensitivity and robustness analysis of developed controller for varying longitudinal speeds were investigated.展开更多
Road throughput can be increased by driving at small inter-vehicle time gaps. The amplification of velocity disturbances in upstream direction, however, poses limitations to the minimum feasible time gap. This effect ...Road throughput can be increased by driving at small inter-vehicle time gaps. The amplification of velocity disturbances in upstream direction, however, poses limitations to the minimum feasible time gap. This effect is covered by the notion of string stability. String-stable behavior is thus considered an essential requirement for the design of automatic distance control systems, which are needed to allow for safe driving at time gaps well below 1 s. Using wireless inter-vehicle communications to provide real-time information of the preceding vehicle, in addition to the information obtained by common Adaptive Cruise Control （ACC） sensors, appears to significantly decrease the feasible time gap, which is shown by practical experiments with a test fleet consisting of six passenger vehicles. The large-scale deployment of this system, known as Cooperative ACC （CACC）, however, poses challenges with respect to the reliability of the wireless communication system. A solution for this scalability problem can be found in decreasing the transmission power and/or beaconing rate, or adapting the communications protocol. Although the main CACC objective is to increase road throughput, the first commercial application of CACC is foreseen to be in truck platooning, since short distance following is expected to yield significant fuel savings in this case.展开更多
Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and s...Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and so there is more probability of lightning strike.Blades are the most probable components to be struck by lightning.The most common lightning protection system for the blades consists of several metallic receptors on the blade surface.Those are connected to the ground by metallic down-conductors placed inside the blade shell.This paper studies effects of the receptor configurations on protecting the blade against lightning strike.For this purpose,an analysis procedure based on finite element method(FEM)in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used.The voltage distribution around the blade is simulated for various configurations of receptors.The best configuration is presented.Simulations are performed on the blade model of a special wind turbine,which isVESTAS V47".展开更多
This paper presents a new approach to estimate the true position of an unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） in the conditions of spoofing attacks on global positioning system （GPS） receivers. This approach consists of tw...This paper presents a new approach to estimate the true position of an unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） in the conditions of spoofing attacks on global positioning system （GPS） receivers. This approach consists of two phases, the spoofing detection phase which is accomplished by hypothesis test and the trajectory estimation phase which is carried out by applying the adapted particle filters to the integrated inertial navigation system （INS） and GPS. Due to nonlinearity and unfavorable impacts of spoofing signals on GPS receivers, deviation in position calculation is modeled as a cumulative uniform error. This paper also presents a procedure of applying adapted particle swarm optimization filter （PSOF） to the INS/GPS integration system as an estimator to compensate spoofing attacks. Due to memory based nature of PSOF and benefits of each particle＇s experiences, application of PSOF algorithm in the INS/GPS integ- ration system leads to more precise positioning compared with general particle filter （PF） and adaptive unscented particle filer （AUPF） in the GPS spoofing attack scenarios. Simulation results show that the adapted PSOF algorithm is more reliable and accurate in estim- ating the true position of UAV in the condition of spoofing attacks. The validation of the proposed method is done by root mean square error （RMSE） test.展开更多
In the 6G era,Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)are anticipated to deliver global coverage,necessitating support for a diverse array of emerging applications in high-mobility,hostile environments.Under such co...In the 6G era,Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)are anticipated to deliver global coverage,necessitating support for a diverse array of emerging applications in high-mobility,hostile environments.Under such conditions,conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)modulation,widely employed in cellular and Wi-Fi communication systems,experiences performance degradation due to significant Doppler shifts.To overcome this obstacle,a novel twodimensional(2D)modulation approach,namely orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS),has emerged as a key enabler for future high-mobility use cases.Distinctively,OTFS modulates information within the delay-Doppler(DD)domain,as opposed to the timefrequency(TF)domain utilized by OFDM.This offers advantages such as Doppler and delay resilience,reduced signaling latency,a lower peak-to-average ratio(PAPR),and a reduced-complexity implementation.Recent studies further indicate that the direct interplay between information and the physical world in the DD domain positions OTFS as a promising waveform for achieving integrated sensing and communications(ISAC).In this article,we present an in-depth review of OTFS technology in the context of the 6G era,encompassing fundamentals,recent advancements,and future directions.Our objective is to provide a helpful resource for researchers engaged in the field of OTFS.展开更多
基金financially supported by Silesian University of Technology,Poland(No.11/030/BK_23/1127)V?B–Technical University of Ostrava Czech Republic(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008399)。
文摘The effects of forward extrusion as well as extrusion combined with reversible torsion(KoBo extrusion),followed by additional deformation via the MaxStrain module of the Gleeble thermomechanical simulator,on the microstructure,mechanical properties,and electrical conductivity of a Cu−0.7Mg(wt.%)alloy,were investigated.The simulation results highlighted the critical influence of processing history on determining the equivalent strain distribution.The sample subjected to forward extrusion at 400℃and subsequent MaxStrain processing(FM sample),possessed 76%lower grain size compared to the sample processed solely with MaxStrain(AM sample).Likewise,the KoBo-extruded and MaxStrain-processed sample(KM sample)exhibited 66%smaller grain size compared to the AM sample.Tensile test results revealed that the AM,FM,and KM samples,respectively,possessed 251%,288%,and 360%higher yield strength,and 95%,121%,and 169%higher tensile strength compared to the initial annealed alloy,as a result of grain refinement as well as deformation strengthening.Finally,the electrical conductivity measurements revealed that AM,FM,and KM samples,respectively,possessed electrical conductivity values of 37.9,35.6,and 32.0 MS/m,which,by considering their mechanical properties,makes them eligible to be categorized as high-strength and high-conductivity copper alloys.
文摘This article presents an Artificial Neural Network （ANN） architecture to model the Electrical Discharge Machining （EDM） process. It is aimed to develop the ANN model using an input-output pattern of raw data collected from an experimental of EDM process, whereas several research objectives have been outlined such as experimenting machining material for selected gap current, identifying machining parameters for ANN variables and selecting appropriate size of data selection. The experimental data （input variables） of copper-electrode and steel-workpiece is based on a selected gap current where pulse on time, pulse off time and sparking frequency have been chosen at optimum value of Material Removal Rate （MRR）. In this paper, the result has significantly demonstrated that the ANN model is capable of predicting the MRR with low percentage prediction error when compared with the experimental result.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)(Grant Nos.LE 992/14-3 and LE 992/15-3).
文摘Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral resolution limit of microscopy.However,the physical effects leading to resolution enhancement are still frequently debated.In addition,various configurations of MAM operating in transmission mode as well as reflection mode are examined,and the results are sometimes generalized.We present a rigorous simulation model of MAM and introduce a way to quantify the resolution enhancement.The lateral resolution is compared for microscope arrangements in reflection and transmission modes.Furthermore,we discuss different physical effects with respect to their contribution to resolution enhancement.The results indicate that the effects impacting the resolution in MAM strongly depend on the arrangement of the microscope and the measurement object.As a highlight,we outline that evanescent waves in combination with whispering gallery modes also improve the imaging capabilities,enabling super-resolution under certain circumstances.This result is contrary to the conclusions drawn from previous studies,where phase objects have been analyzed,and thus further emphasizes the complexity of the physical mechanisms underlying MAM.
基金supported in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant KK.01.1.1.01.0009(DATACROSS).
文摘This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a nonlinear model predictive control algorithm which determines the optimal switching operations of the distribution system.The goal of the control algorithm is to find the optimal radial network topology which minimizes cumulative active power losses and maximizes voltages across the network while simultaneously satisfying all system constraints.The optimization results are validated through multiple simulations(using real power demand data collected for a few characteristic days during winter and summer)which demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the developed control algorithm in reducing the grid losses by up to 14%.
基金supported by the Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency(ARIS)within the Research Program P2-0425:“Decentralized Solutions for the Digitalization of Industry and Smart Cities and Communities”supported by the Ministry of Education,Science,Technology and Innovation of Republic of Kosovo through the annual small grant projects.
文摘Resource allocation remains a challenging issue in communication networks,and its complexity is continuously increasing with the densification of the networks.With the evolution of new wireless technologies such as Fifth Generation(5G)and Sixth Generation(6G)mobile networks,the service level requirements have become stricter and more heterogeneous depending on the use case.In this paper,we review a large body of literature on various resource allocation schemes that are used in particular in mobile wireless communication networks and compare the proposed schemes in terms of performance indicators as well as techniques used.Our review shows that among the strategies proposed in the literature,there is a wide variety of optimization targets and combinations thereof,focusing mainly on performance indicators such as energy efficiency,spectral efficiency,and network capacity.In addition,in this paper,selected algorithms for resource allocation are numerically analyzed through simulations to compare and highlight the importance of how the resource algorithms are implemented to achieve efficient usage of the available spectrum.The performance of selected algorithms is evaluated in a multi-cell heterogeneous network and compared to proportional fair and eICIC,a widely-used combination of resource allocation and interferencemitigation techniques used by communication networks.The results show that one approach may performbetter when looking at the individual average user data rate but worse when looking at the overall spectral or energy efficiency,depending on the category of traffic.The results,therefore,confirm that theremay not be a single algorithmthat visibly outperforms other candidates in terms of all performance criteria.Instead,their efficiency is always a consequence of a strategic choice of goals,and the targeted parameters are optimized at a price.Thus,the development and implementation of resource allocation algorithms must follow concrete usage scenarios and network needs and be highly dependent on the requirements and criteria of network performance.
基金supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Projects(2024KJGG27)of Tianfu Yongxing Laboratorythe Experimental Platform Open Innovation Funding(209042025003)of Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute,Tsinghua University.
文摘As the development of new power systems progresses,the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish.Centralized frequency regulation,which relies on rapid communication and real-time control,can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load(ITCL)clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid.However,ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics,which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side.To address this issue,this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem.It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions,ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times,thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment.Building on this foundation,the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters,which is based on centralized frequency regulation,on the stability of the power system.A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed,taking into account dual constraints,frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity.Finally,the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.
基金supported by European Union–Next Generation EU(LX22NPO5107(MEYS))the Czech Science Foundation(20-21339S)+2 种基金the Grant Agency of Charles University(GAUK 248122 and 272221)ERDF-Project Brain Dynamics(CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004643)the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic Project NU21J-08-00081.
文摘The dorsal and ventral visual streams have been considered to play distinct roles in visual processing for action:the dorsal stream is assumed to support real-time actions,while the ventral stream facilitates memory-guided actions.However,recent evidence suggests a more integrated function of these streams.We investigated the neural dynamics and functional connectivity between them during memory-guided actions using intracranial EEG.We tracked neural activity in the inferior parietal lobule in the dorsal stream,and the ventral temporal cortex in the ventral stream as well as the hippocampus during a delayed action task involving object identity and location memory.We found increased alpha power in both streams during the delay,indicating their role in maintaining spatial visual information.In addition,we recorded increased alpha power in the hippocampus during the delay,but only when both object identity and location needed to be remembered.We also recorded an increase in theta band phase synchronization between the inferior parietal lobule and ventral temporal cortex and between the inferior parietal lobule and hippocampus during the encoding and delay.Granger causality analysis indicated dynamic and frequency-specific directional interactions among the inferior parietal lobule,ventral temporal cortex,and hippocampus that varied across task phases.Our study provides unique electrophysiological evidence for close interactions between dorsal and ventral streams,supporting an integrated processing model in which both streams contribute to memory-guided actions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42076193,52271223,52472049,52472230,52471234,52202107,52272043)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220028,BK20230065)+5 种基金National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFA1509300)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2024YFA1509500)State Key Laboratory of Catalysis(2024SKL-A-014)Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 ProjectSuzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials
文摘The photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))via the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)holds great significance in chemical engineering,agriculture,and national defense.However,the underlying influence of interfacial charge dynamics on catalytic performance remains poorly understood due to limitations in conventional characterization techniques.In this study,we employ thiolate-protected gold-silver metal nanoclusters(MNCs)and nitrogen-doped carbon dot-modified nanoclusters(MNCs/N-CDs)as model systems to investigate ORR selectivity and charge dynamics under light irradiation.This catalyst design leverages the self-oxidation behavior of thiolate ligands and the intrinsic ORR selectivity of nanoclusters to establish a clean and well-defined photocatalytic system.By integrating time-resolved transient photovoltage(TPV)spectroscopy and operando transient potential scanning(TPS)test,we demonstrate that N-CDs promote the separation and storage of photoinduced charge carriers,as well as enhance oxygen adsorption and activation on the catalyst surface,thereby significantly improving H_(2)O_(2)production efficiency.These findings offer new mechanistic insights into the interplay between interfacial charge dynamics and photocatalytic performance,providing guidance for the rational design of advanced ORR catalysts.
文摘Correction to:Neuroscience Bulletin https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-025-01371-x In this article the affiliation"Department of Circuit Theory,Faculty of Electrical Engineering,Czech Technical University in Prague,Member of the Epilepsy Research Centre Prague-EpiReC Consortium,Prague,Czechia"should only be assigned to Radek Janca and Petr Jezdik.It is removed from the authors:Jiri Hammer,Michaela Kajsova,Adam Kalina,Petr Marusic,and Kamil Vlcek.
基金supported by the National Natu-ral Science Foundation of China(No.U2230126)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ23E010001)+1 种基金This work was co-funded by the European Union under the Project Robotics and Advanced Industrial Production(Reg.No.CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004590)supported by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Repub-lic through the e-INFRA CZ grant number ID:90140.Access to the computational infrastructure of the OP VVV funded Project No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000765“Research Center for Informat-ics”and the use of the VESTA software[https://doi.org/10.1107/S0021889808012016]are also acknowledged.The authors thank the staffof HIRFL for the help with the irradiation experiment and the support of the Sharing Service Platform of CAS Large Re-search Infrastructures(2022-HIRFL-ZD-002017)。
文摘Cr coatings,as protective coatings of Zr-alloy fuel claddings,inevitably suffer from irradiation damage before they would possibly run into the accident condition.This study evaluates the radiation and oxidation tolerance of three Cr-based coatings with different microstructures(Cr,CrAlSi,and CrAlSiN)through He2+ion irradiation and 1200℃ steam oxidation.The Cr and CrAlSi coatings experienced significant structural degradation,characterized by He bubble aggregation and amplified Kirkendall effects at elevated temperatures.In contrast,the irradiated CrAlSiN coating maintained structural integrity without measurable irradiation hardening.Following annealing at 800℃ for 30 min,approximately 40%of injected He atoms were released,indicating a“self-healing”mechanism.The mechanism is attributed to uniformly distributed,low-density channels that act as sinks and release paths for irradiation-induced defects.Density functional theory simulations suggest that N atoms promote significant rearrangement of ions surrounding the free volume,inhibiting the formation of sites capable of trapping He atoms.Moreover,the CrAlSiN coating exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to the Cr and CrAlSi coatings,even under high-temperature steam conditions.Notably,the irradiated CrAlSiN sample displayed a significantly thinner oxide scale compared to the pristine one(almost half),owing to a more protective oxide scale and rapid outward diffusion of Cr,Al,and Si through nanochannel veins.These findings illuminate the effects of structure and composition on irradiation and oxidation behavior in Cr-based coatings,offering insights for developing new-generation accident-tolerance fuel coatings for Zr-alloy claddings.
基金Financial support from ERDF “Multidisciplinary research to increase application potential of nanomaterials in agricultural practice” (No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314)the assistance provided by the Research Infrastructure Nano Envi Cz, supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Project No. LM2018124+4 种基金Czech Nano Lab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2023051)Grant Agency of Gregor Johann Mendel (C-MNG-23–002)further supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic by Grant RO0523Internal Grant Agency of University of Veterinary Sciences Brno (223/2024/FVHE)the National Institute of Virology and Bacteriology project (Programme EXCELES, Project ID No. LX22NPO5103)-Funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU.
文摘Background Bovine mastitis is one of the main causes of reduced production in dairy cows.The infection of the mammary gland is mainly caused by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus,whose resistant strains make the treatment of mastitis with conventional antibiotics very difficult and result in high losses.Therefore,it is impor-tant to develop novel therapeutic agents to overcome the resistance of mastitis-causing strains.In this study,novel selenium-tellurium based nanoparticles(SeTeNPs)were synthesized and characterized.Their antibacterial activity and biocompatibility were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using a bovine model.A total of 10 heifers were divided into experimental and control groups(5 animals each).After intramammary infection with methicillin resistant S.aureus(MRSA)and the development of clinical signs of mastitis,a dose of SeTeNPs was administered to all quarters in the experimental group.Results Based on in vitro tests,the concentration of 149.70 mg/L and 263.95 mg/L of Se and Te,respectively,was used for application into the mammary gland.Three days after SeTeNPs administration,MRSA counts in the experimental group showed a significant reduction(P<0.01)compared to the control group.The inhibitory effect observed within the in vitro experiments was thus confirmed,resulting in the suppression of infection in ani-mals.Moreover,the superior biocompatibility of SeTeNPs in the organism was demonstrated,as the nanoparticles did not significantly alter the inflammatory response or histopathology at the site of application,i.e.,mammary gland,compared to the control group(P>0.05).Additionally,the metabolic profile of the blood plasma as well as the histology of the main organs remained unaffected,indicating that the nanoparticles had no adverse effects on the organism.Conclusions Our findings suggest that SeTeNPs can be used as a promising treatment for bovine mastitis in the pres-ence of resistant bacteria.However,the current study is limited by its small sample size,making it primarily a proof of the concept for the efficacy of intramammary-applied SeTeNPs.Therefore,further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate these results.
基金financial support from the LASERLAB-EUROPE Access to Research Infrastructure Activity (Application No. 23068)carried out within the framework of EUROfusion Enabling Research Projects AWP21-ENR-01-CEA02 and AWP24-ENR-IFE-02-CEA-02+3 种基金received funding from Euratom Research and Training Programme 2021–2025 under Grant No. 633053supported by the Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [Project No. LM2023068 (PALS RI)]by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA25030200 and XDA25010100)supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) through Action CA21128 PROBONO (PROton BOron Nuclear Fusion: from energy production to medical applicatiOns)
文摘Recent experiments at the National Ignition Facility and theoretical modeling suggest that side stimulated Raman scattering(SSRS)instability could reduce laser–plasma coupling and generate considerable fluxes of suprathermal hot electrons under interaction conditions envisaged for direct-drive schemes for inertial confinement fusion.Nonetheless,SSRS remains to date one of the least understood parametric instabilities.Here,we report the first angularly and spectrally resolved measurements of scattered light at laser intensities relevant for the shock ignition scheme(I×10^(16)W/cm^(2)),showing significant SSRS growth in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization.Modification of the focal spot shape and orientation,obtained by using two different random phase plates,and of the density gradient of the plasma,by utilizing exploding foil targets of different thicknesses,clearly reveals a different dependence of backward SRS(BSRS)and SSRS on experimental parameters.While convective BSRS scales with plasma density scale length,as expected by linear theory,the growth of SSRS depends on the spot extension in the direction perpendicular to laser polarization.Our analysis therefore demonstrates that under current experimental conditions,with density scale lengths L_(n)≈60–120μm and spot sizes FWHM≈40–100μm,SSRS is limited by laser beam size rather than by the density scale length of the plasma.
基金supported by Swedish Research Council(Vetenskapsradet,2023-04962).
文摘Space exploration is significant for scientific innovation,resource utilization,and planetary security.Space exploration involves several systems including satellites,space suits,communication systems,and robotics,which have to function under harsh space conditions such as extreme temperatures(−270 to 1650℃),microgravity(10^(-6)g),unhealthy humidity(<20%RH or>60%RH),high atmospheric pressure(~1450 psi),and radiation(4000–5000 mSv).Conventional energy-harvesting technologies(solar cells,fuel cells,and nuclear energy),that are normally used to power these space systems have certain limitations(e.g.,sunlight dependence,weight,degradation,big size,high cost,low capacity,radioactivity,complexity,and low efficiency).The constraints in conventional energy resources have made it imperative to look for non-conventional yet efficient alternatives.A great potential for enhancing efficiency,sustainability,and mission duration in space exploration can be offered by integrating triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs)with existing energy sources.Recently,the potential of TENG including energy harvesting(from vibrations/movements in satellites and spacecraft),self-powered sensing,and microgravity,for multiple applications in different space missions has been discussed.This review comprehensively covers the use of TENGs for various space applications,such as planetary exploration missions(Mars environment monitoring),manned space equipment,In-orbit robotic operations/collision monitoring,spacecraft’s design and structural health monitoring,Aeronautical systems,and conventional energy harvesting(solar and nuclear).This review also discusses the use of self-powered TENG sensors for deep space object perception.At the same time,this review compares TENGs with conventional energy harvesting technologies for space systems.Lastly,this review talks about energy harvesting in satellites,TENG-based satellite communication systems,and future practical implementation challenges(with possible solutions).
文摘Improving rollover and stability of the vehicles is the indispensable part of automotive research to prevent vehicle rollover and crashes.The main objective of this work is to develop active control mechanism based on fuzzy logic controller(FLC) and linear quadratic regulator(LQR) for improving vehicle path following,roll and handling performances simultaneously.3-DOF vehicle model including yaw rate,lateral velocity(lateral dynamic) and roll angle(roll dynamic) were developed.The controller produces optimal moment to increase stability and roll margin of vehicle by receiving the steering angle as an input and vehicle variables as a feedback signal.The effectiveness of proposed controller and vehicle model were evaluated during fishhook and single lane-change maneuvers.Simulation results demonstrate that in both cases(FLC and LQR controllers) by reducing roll angle,lateral acceleration and side slip angles remain under 0.6g and 4° during maneuver,which ensures vehicle stability and handling properties.Finally,the sensitivity and robustness analysis of developed controller for varying longitudinal speeds were investigated.
文摘Road throughput can be increased by driving at small inter-vehicle time gaps. The amplification of velocity disturbances in upstream direction, however, poses limitations to the minimum feasible time gap. This effect is covered by the notion of string stability. String-stable behavior is thus considered an essential requirement for the design of automatic distance control systems, which are needed to allow for safe driving at time gaps well below 1 s. Using wireless inter-vehicle communications to provide real-time information of the preceding vehicle, in addition to the information obtained by common Adaptive Cruise Control （ACC） sensors, appears to significantly decrease the feasible time gap, which is shown by practical experiments with a test fleet consisting of six passenger vehicles. The large-scale deployment of this system, known as Cooperative ACC （CACC）, however, poses challenges with respect to the reliability of the wireless communication system. A solution for this scalability problem can be found in decreasing the transmission power and/or beaconing rate, or adapting the communications protocol. Although the main CACC objective is to increase road throughput, the first commercial application of CACC is foreseen to be in truck platooning, since short distance following is expected to yield significant fuel savings in this case.
文摘Electric and magnetic fields generated by lightning cause a serious hazard to various systems.Now wind turbine installations with higher power capacity are increasing.Higher power capacity requires higher height and so there is more probability of lightning strike.Blades are the most probable components to be struck by lightning.The most common lightning protection system for the blades consists of several metallic receptors on the blade surface.Those are connected to the ground by metallic down-conductors placed inside the blade shell.This paper studies effects of the receptor configurations on protecting the blade against lightning strike.For this purpose,an analysis procedure based on finite element method(FEM)in COMSOL Multiphysics software environment is used.The voltage distribution around the blade is simulated for various configurations of receptors.The best configuration is presented.Simulations are performed on the blade model of a special wind turbine,which isVESTAS V47".
文摘This paper presents a new approach to estimate the true position of an unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） in the conditions of spoofing attacks on global positioning system （GPS） receivers. This approach consists of two phases, the spoofing detection phase which is accomplished by hypothesis test and the trajectory estimation phase which is carried out by applying the adapted particle filters to the integrated inertial navigation system （INS） and GPS. Due to nonlinearity and unfavorable impacts of spoofing signals on GPS receivers, deviation in position calculation is modeled as a cumulative uniform error. This paper also presents a procedure of applying adapted particle swarm optimization filter （PSOF） to the INS/GPS integration system as an estimator to compensate spoofing attacks. Due to memory based nature of PSOF and benefits of each particle＇s experiences, application of PSOF algorithm in the INS/GPS integ- ration system leads to more precise positioning compared with general particle filter （PF） and adaptive unscented particle filer （AUPF） in the GPS spoofing attack scenarios. Simulation results show that the adapted PSOF algorithm is more reliable and accurate in estim- ating the true position of UAV in the condition of spoofing attacks. The validation of the proposed method is done by root mean square error （RMSE） test.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62101232in part by Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant 2022A1515011257in part by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program under Grant JCYJ20220530114412029。
文摘In the 6G era,Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network(SAGIN)are anticipated to deliver global coverage,necessitating support for a diverse array of emerging applications in high-mobility,hostile environments.Under such conditions,conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)modulation,widely employed in cellular and Wi-Fi communication systems,experiences performance degradation due to significant Doppler shifts.To overcome this obstacle,a novel twodimensional(2D)modulation approach,namely orthogonal time frequency space(OTFS),has emerged as a key enabler for future high-mobility use cases.Distinctively,OTFS modulates information within the delay-Doppler(DD)domain,as opposed to the timefrequency(TF)domain utilized by OFDM.This offers advantages such as Doppler and delay resilience,reduced signaling latency,a lower peak-to-average ratio(PAPR),and a reduced-complexity implementation.Recent studies further indicate that the direct interplay between information and the physical world in the DD domain positions OTFS as a promising waveform for achieving integrated sensing and communications(ISAC).In this article,we present an in-depth review of OTFS technology in the context of the 6G era,encompassing fundamentals,recent advancements,and future directions.Our objective is to provide a helpful resource for researchers engaged in the field of OTFS.
