To fill the gap in breeding biology information about the Red-Whiskered Bulbul （Pycnonotus jocosus）, in 2013, we studied the breeding biology of this species in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The breeding began fro...To fill the gap in breeding biology information about the Red-Whiskered Bulbul （Pycnonotus jocosus）, in 2013, we studied the breeding biology of this species in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The breeding began from February and continued until early August. The breeding strategy of P. jocosus was more flexible and their nests were only built in cultivated landscapes, whereas, no nest building in native tropical rain forest was found. Small open cup nests were built on 50 different plant species, and at heights ranging from 2.1±0.6 m above the ground （n=102）. The mean clutch size was 2.53±0.51 eggs （n=40） and the mean egg mass was 2.81±0.25 g （n=60）. The average incubation period was 11.1±0.5 days （n=14）, and the average nestling period was 11.0±0.8 days （n=31）. The overall nest success was 34.22%.The hatching and fledging showed either asynchrony or synchrony. Invertebrate food decreased with nestling age, whereas, plant food increased with nestling age. Moreover, distinct parental roles of the parents in nestling period were found. Compared with other passerine species, P. jocosus spent less time in incubating （58%）. The clutch size, incubation and nestling period of the P. jocosus in southwest China were different from those of the R jocosus in India.展开更多
Abstract： Wetland plant communities in the plateau lakes of Yunnan Province, China, have decreased significantly over the past decades. To better understand this degradation, we analyzed the processes and characteris...Abstract： Wetland plant communities in the plateau lakes of Yunnan Province, China, have decreased significantly over the past decades. To better understand this degradation, we analyzed the processes and characteristics of changes in wetland plant communities in two of the largest lakes in Yunnan Province, Dianchi and Erhai lakes. We collected records of native and alien plant communities in the two lakes from literature published from the 195os to current period. We calculated plant community types and their area in some historical periods when related data were reported, and analyzed the relationship between chances in nlant communities and water nollution. InDianehi Lake, 12 community types of native plant communities, covering over 80% of the surface in the 195os and 196os, were reduced to four types covering 2.4% by the late 2ooos. Alien plant communities started to appear in the lake in the late 197os, and have since come to cover 4.9% of the lake surface, thereby becoming dominant. In Erhai Lake, 16 community types of native plant communities, covering 47.1% of the lake surface in the late 197os, declined to lo community types, covering 9.3% of the surface, by the late 2ooos. Alien plant communities appeared in the middle 198os, and at present cover 0.7% of the surface area. It was indicated that changes in plant communities were significant related to water eutrophication. The area occupied by native and alien plant communities was, respectively, negatively andpositively related to the content of nutrients in water. This showed lacustrine pollution played an important role in native plant loss and alien plant invasion in the two plateau lakes.展开更多
Forest experience is an important scale for measuring the development degree of forest tourism,and also an indispensable part of forest tounsm.Domestic theoretical and practical researches on forest experience and for...Forest experience is an important scale for measuring the development degree of forest tourism,and also an indispensable part of forest tounsm.Domestic theoretical and practical researches on forest experience and forest tourism have been less reported,forest tounsm development and research from the perspective of forest experience have remained in the exploration stage,and researches on natural education and forest culture have also been just initiated.This paper explored problems of current forest tourism development from three perspectives of forest experience,i.e.environmental index,experience content and facility service.By applying scientific development and marketing methods,and combining with traditional health-care culture,forest tourism development spaces could be expanded.Finally,the paper proposed to establish forest ecological monitoring system and enrich forest experience projects to provide visitors forest tounsm expenence with high additional value and satisfaction degree.展开更多
The Electronic Supplementary Material of the article entitled“Temporal changes in wetland plant communities with decades of cumulative water pollution in two plateau lakes in China's Yunnan Province”at https://d...The Electronic Supplementary Material of the article entitled“Temporal changes in wetland plant communities with decades of cumulative water pollution in two plateau lakes in China's Yunnan Province”at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4037-9 are swapped with the Electronic Supplementary Material of the article entitled“Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring"at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4327-2.展开更多
基金supported by funding from the National Nature Science Foundation of China(31370452)the Chinese Academy of Science(KSCX2-EW-Q-17)
文摘To fill the gap in breeding biology information about the Red-Whiskered Bulbul （Pycnonotus jocosus）, in 2013, we studied the breeding biology of this species in Xishuangbanna, southwest China. The breeding began from February and continued until early August. The breeding strategy of P. jocosus was more flexible and their nests were only built in cultivated landscapes, whereas, no nest building in native tropical rain forest was found. Small open cup nests were built on 50 different plant species, and at heights ranging from 2.1±0.6 m above the ground （n=102）. The mean clutch size was 2.53±0.51 eggs （n=40） and the mean egg mass was 2.81±0.25 g （n=60）. The average incubation period was 11.1±0.5 days （n=14）, and the average nestling period was 11.0±0.8 days （n=31）. The overall nest success was 34.22%.The hatching and fledging showed either asynchrony or synchrony. Invertebrate food decreased with nestling age, whereas, plant food increased with nestling age. Moreover, distinct parental roles of the parents in nestling period were found. Compared with other passerine species, P. jocosus spent less time in incubating （58%）. The clutch size, incubation and nestling period of the P. jocosus in southwest China were different from those of the R jocosus in India.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31560092,U0933601)National Scientific and Technological Basic Work of China(No.2012FY110300)+1 种基金Science Fund of China’s Yunnan Government(Grant No.2015BB018,2009CC024)the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(Grant No.P2015-KF11)
文摘Abstract： Wetland plant communities in the plateau lakes of Yunnan Province, China, have decreased significantly over the past decades. To better understand this degradation, we analyzed the processes and characteristics of changes in wetland plant communities in two of the largest lakes in Yunnan Province, Dianchi and Erhai lakes. We collected records of native and alien plant communities in the two lakes from literature published from the 195os to current period. We calculated plant community types and their area in some historical periods when related data were reported, and analyzed the relationship between chances in nlant communities and water nollution. InDianehi Lake, 12 community types of native plant communities, covering over 80% of the surface in the 195os and 196os, were reduced to four types covering 2.4% by the late 2ooos. Alien plant communities started to appear in the lake in the late 197os, and have since come to cover 4.9% of the lake surface, thereby becoming dominant. In Erhai Lake, 16 community types of native plant communities, covering 47.1% of the lake surface in the late 197os, declined to lo community types, covering 9.3% of the surface, by the late 2ooos. Alien plant communities appeared in the middle 198os, and at present cover 0.7% of the surface area. It was indicated that changes in plant communities were significant related to water eutrophication. The area occupied by native and alien plant communities was, respectively, negatively andpositively related to the content of nutrients in water. This showed lacustrine pollution played an important role in native plant loss and alien plant invasion in the two plateau lakes.
基金Sponsored by Kunming Municipal Research Center of Conservation Area Eco-civilization Construction and Engineering TechniquesSci-tech Innovation Fund of Southwest Forestry University(15164)
文摘Forest experience is an important scale for measuring the development degree of forest tourism,and also an indispensable part of forest tounsm.Domestic theoretical and practical researches on forest experience and forest tourism have been less reported,forest tounsm development and research from the perspective of forest experience have remained in the exploration stage,and researches on natural education and forest culture have also been just initiated.This paper explored problems of current forest tourism development from three perspectives of forest experience,i.e.environmental index,experience content and facility service.By applying scientific development and marketing methods,and combining with traditional health-care culture,forest tourism development spaces could be expanded.Finally,the paper proposed to establish forest ecological monitoring system and enrich forest experience projects to provide visitors forest tounsm expenence with high additional value and satisfaction degree.
文摘The Electronic Supplementary Material of the article entitled“Temporal changes in wetland plant communities with decades of cumulative water pollution in two plateau lakes in China's Yunnan Province”at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4037-9 are swapped with the Electronic Supplementary Material of the article entitled“Tracing environmental lead sources on the Ao mountain of China using lead isotopic composition and biomonitoring"at https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-016-4327-2.
