We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs T.francoisi to test two hypotheses： （1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their a...We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs T.francoisi to test two hypotheses： （1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills, and （2） Francois＇ langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui Nature Reserve, Guangxi, and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types, but Francois＇ langurs had more locomotor modes （26） than white-headed langurs （12）. Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types, and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Francois＇ langurs. We suggest that, while keeping their ancestral locomotor types, the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs, Francois＇ langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome, Francois＇ langurs have a larger distribution range .展开更多
Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHa...Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHalil Roud have attracted archeologists during the recent decades. So far various historical works have been unearthed from the region of which marble ones are especially noteworthy. Basically, marble works were used more commonly in central plateau of Iran than other ones. The marble works discovered in Jirofl region are only comparable with those from the recently excavation at Shahr-I Sokhta in Zabol. The scientific examination of such works may pave way to identify their internal structures and to compare them in terms of their provenance. The present study will focus on the characterization of marbles discovered in Konar Sandal, Jiroft. In addition to petro graphical studies, XRD and XRF investigations were used to identify the crystalline structures as well as balk chemical composition of the discovered marbles. The obtained results revealed that the major constituents of the discovered marbles in Jiroft were Ca and CaO. The structure of discovered marbles had orderly compact patterns resulted mainly from metamorphism conditions. This structure is actually Unsimilar to those from Shahr-I Sokhta.展开更多
Novel half-sandwich iridium(Ⅲ) complexes with aminomethyl(diphenyl)phosphine derived from fluoroquinolones (IrPCp,IrPSf,IrPLm,IrPNr) were studied as possible anticancer chemotherapeutics and showed higher potency tha...Novel half-sandwich iridium(Ⅲ) complexes with aminomethyl(diphenyl)phosphine derived from fluoroquinolones (IrPCp,IrPSf,IrPLm,IrPNr) were studied as possible anticancer chemotherapeutics and showed higher potency than other well-known metal-based agents i.e.,Pt(Ⅱ) drugs.All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,selected spectroscopic methods (i.e.,absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy,NMR),ESI-MS spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,and electrochemical techniques.The studied complexes exhibited promising cytotoxicity in vitro with IC_(50) values significantly lower than that of the reference drug – cisplatin.The insight into the mode of action revealed the uniform distribution of the Ir(Ⅲ) complexes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Pearson’s co-localization coefficient of 0.63).Precise cytometric analysis provided clear evidence for the predominance of apoptosis in the induced cell death.The activation of caspase-3/7 along with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential also confirmed the apoptotic cell death.The investigated Ir(Ⅲ) complexes may induce changes in the cell cycle leading to G_(2)/M phase arrest.ROS generation as a plausible pathway responsible for the cytotoxicity was confirmed by determination of redox potentials enabling efficient ROS production.Furthermore,Pluronic P-123 micelles loaded with selected Ir(Ⅲ) complexes were proposed to overcome low solubility and to minimize serious systemic side effects by administering the complex in a controlled manner.The resulting nanoformulations (IrPCp_M,IrPNr_M) facilitated efficient drug accumulation for human lung adenocarcinoma and human prostate carcinoma (A549 and DU-145 cell lines),as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and ICP-MS analysis.In vitro cytotoxicity assays were also carried out within multicellular tumor spheroids and efficient anticancer action on these 3D assemblies was demonstrated.展开更多
It has been suggested that pairing behavior during winter in migratory ducks represents a trade-off between costs(defense of the female)and benefits(early access to females).To investigate the benefits and costs for b...It has been suggested that pairing behavior during winter in migratory ducks represents a trade-off between costs(defense of the female)and benefits(early access to females).To investigate the benefits and costs for both sexes in wintering pairs of ruddy shelducks(Tadorna ferruginea),we compared time budgets for paired males and females,and surveyed the sex ratio of the birds wintering at Lashihai Lake,southwest China.The behavior of the paired ruddy shelducks was monitored for 5 activity types:feeding,resting(including sleeping),preening,drinking and warning.Feeding was the most dominant activity.The feeding time of both sexes increased as the winter season progressed.However,the paired females always spent significantly more time feeding and less time warning than the paired males.Paired ruddy shelducks had access to better feeding grounds than unpaired individuals,resulting in a food benefit for paired individuals over single individuals.Because the sex ratio of the wintering population was strongly male biased(M:F=1.44:1.00),the paired male also gained the benefit of accessing a female in advance of the breeding season.展开更多
文摘We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs T.francoisi to test two hypotheses： （1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills, and （2） Francois＇ langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui Nature Reserve, Guangxi, and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types, but Francois＇ langurs had more locomotor modes （26） than white-headed langurs （12）. Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types, and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Francois＇ langurs. We suggest that, while keeping their ancestral locomotor types, the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs, Francois＇ langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome, Francois＇ langurs have a larger distribution range .
文摘Jiroft region is one of the most historical cities, placed in the southeastern of Iranian plateau. Its history dates back to the second millennium B.C. The ancient history of Jiroft and its proximity to the River ofHalil Roud have attracted archeologists during the recent decades. So far various historical works have been unearthed from the region of which marble ones are especially noteworthy. Basically, marble works were used more commonly in central plateau of Iran than other ones. The marble works discovered in Jirofl region are only comparable with those from the recently excavation at Shahr-I Sokhta in Zabol. The scientific examination of such works may pave way to identify their internal structures and to compare them in terms of their provenance. The present study will focus on the characterization of marbles discovered in Konar Sandal, Jiroft. In addition to petro graphical studies, XRD and XRF investigations were used to identify the crystalline structures as well as balk chemical composition of the discovered marbles. The obtained results revealed that the major constituents of the discovered marbles in Jiroft were Ca and CaO. The structure of discovered marbles had orderly compact patterns resulted mainly from metamorphism conditions. This structure is actually Unsimilar to those from Shahr-I Sokhta.
基金support of the Polish National Science Centre(Grant 2016/23/D/ST5/00269).
文摘Novel half-sandwich iridium(Ⅲ) complexes with aminomethyl(diphenyl)phosphine derived from fluoroquinolones (IrPCp,IrPSf,IrPLm,IrPNr) were studied as possible anticancer chemotherapeutics and showed higher potency than other well-known metal-based agents i.e.,Pt(Ⅱ) drugs.All compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,selected spectroscopic methods (i.e.,absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy,NMR),ESI-MS spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,and electrochemical techniques.The studied complexes exhibited promising cytotoxicity in vitro with IC_(50) values significantly lower than that of the reference drug – cisplatin.The insight into the mode of action revealed the uniform distribution of the Ir(Ⅲ) complexes in both the nucleus and cytoplasm (Pearson’s co-localization coefficient of 0.63).Precise cytometric analysis provided clear evidence for the predominance of apoptosis in the induced cell death.The activation of caspase-3/7 along with the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential also confirmed the apoptotic cell death.The investigated Ir(Ⅲ) complexes may induce changes in the cell cycle leading to G_(2)/M phase arrest.ROS generation as a plausible pathway responsible for the cytotoxicity was confirmed by determination of redox potentials enabling efficient ROS production.Furthermore,Pluronic P-123 micelles loaded with selected Ir(Ⅲ) complexes were proposed to overcome low solubility and to minimize serious systemic side effects by administering the complex in a controlled manner.The resulting nanoformulations (IrPCp_M,IrPNr_M) facilitated efficient drug accumulation for human lung adenocarcinoma and human prostate carcinoma (A549 and DU-145 cell lines),as demonstrated by confocal microscopy and ICP-MS analysis.In vitro cytotoxicity assays were also carried out within multicellular tumor spheroids and efficient anticancer action on these 3D assemblies was demonstrated.
文摘It has been suggested that pairing behavior during winter in migratory ducks represents a trade-off between costs(defense of the female)and benefits(early access to females).To investigate the benefits and costs for both sexes in wintering pairs of ruddy shelducks(Tadorna ferruginea),we compared time budgets for paired males and females,and surveyed the sex ratio of the birds wintering at Lashihai Lake,southwest China.The behavior of the paired ruddy shelducks was monitored for 5 activity types:feeding,resting(including sleeping),preening,drinking and warning.Feeding was the most dominant activity.The feeding time of both sexes increased as the winter season progressed.However,the paired females always spent significantly more time feeding and less time warning than the paired males.Paired ruddy shelducks had access to better feeding grounds than unpaired individuals,resulting in a food benefit for paired individuals over single individuals.Because the sex ratio of the wintering population was strongly male biased(M:F=1.44:1.00),the paired male also gained the benefit of accessing a female in advance of the breeding season.
