The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary gro...The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.展开更多
The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar ener...The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.展开更多
Timetabling problem is among the most difficult operational tasks and is an important step in raising industrial productivity,capability,and capacity.Such tasks are usually tackled using metaheuristics techniques that...Timetabling problem is among the most difficult operational tasks and is an important step in raising industrial productivity,capability,and capacity.Such tasks are usually tackled using metaheuristics techniques that provide an intelligent way of suggesting solutions or decision-making.Swarm intelligence techniques including Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)have proved to be effective examples.Different recent experiments showed that the PSO algorithm is reliable for timetabling in many applications such as educational and personnel timetabling,machine scheduling,etc.However,having an optimal solution is extremely challenging but having a sub-optimal solution using heuristics or metaheuristics is guaranteed.This research paper seeks the enhancement of the PSO algorithm for an efficient timetabling task.This algorithm aims at generating a feasible timetable within a reasonable time.This enhanced version is a hybrid dynamic adaptive PSO algorithm that is tested on a round-robin tournament known as ITC2021 which is dedicated to sports timetabling.The competition includes several soft and hard constraints to be satisfied in order to build a feasible or sub-optimal timetable.It consists of three categories of complexities,namely early,test,and middle instances.Results showed that the proposed dynamic adaptive PSO has obtained feasible timetables for almost all of the instances.The feasibility is measured by minimizing the violation of hard constraints to zero.The performance of the dynamic adaptive PSO is evaluated by the consumed computational time to produce a solution of feasible timetable,consistency,and robustness.The dynamic adaptive PSO showed a robust and consistent performance in producing a diversity of timetables in a reasonable computational time.展开更多
文摘The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.
文摘The growing need for sustainable energy solutions,driven by rising energy shortages,environmental concerns,and the depletion of conventional energy sources,has led to a significant focus on renewable energy.Solar energy,among the various renewable sources,is particularly appealing due to its abundant availability.However,the efficiency of commercial solar photovoltaic(PV)modules is hindered by several factors,notably their conversion efficiency,which averages around 19%.This efficiency can further decline to 10%–16%due to temperature increases during peak sunlight hours.This study investigates the cooling of PV modules by applying water to their front surface through Computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for cooling the PV module by analyzing the interplay between water film thickness,Reynolds number,and their effects on temperature reduction and heat transfer.The CFD analysis revealed that the most effective cooling condition occurred with a 5 mm thick water film and a Reynolds number of 10.These specific parameters were found to maximize the heat transfer and temperature reduction efficiency.This finding is crucial for the development of practical and efficient cooling systems for PV modules,potentially leading to improved performance and longevity of solar panels.Alternative cooling fluids or advanced cooling techniques that might offer even better efficiency or practical benefits.
基金supported by Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University,under the Project Number 2019-383-ASCS.
文摘Timetabling problem is among the most difficult operational tasks and is an important step in raising industrial productivity,capability,and capacity.Such tasks are usually tackled using metaheuristics techniques that provide an intelligent way of suggesting solutions or decision-making.Swarm intelligence techniques including Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)have proved to be effective examples.Different recent experiments showed that the PSO algorithm is reliable for timetabling in many applications such as educational and personnel timetabling,machine scheduling,etc.However,having an optimal solution is extremely challenging but having a sub-optimal solution using heuristics or metaheuristics is guaranteed.This research paper seeks the enhancement of the PSO algorithm for an efficient timetabling task.This algorithm aims at generating a feasible timetable within a reasonable time.This enhanced version is a hybrid dynamic adaptive PSO algorithm that is tested on a round-robin tournament known as ITC2021 which is dedicated to sports timetabling.The competition includes several soft and hard constraints to be satisfied in order to build a feasible or sub-optimal timetable.It consists of three categories of complexities,namely early,test,and middle instances.Results showed that the proposed dynamic adaptive PSO has obtained feasible timetables for almost all of the instances.The feasibility is measured by minimizing the violation of hard constraints to zero.The performance of the dynamic adaptive PSO is evaluated by the consumed computational time to produce a solution of feasible timetable,consistency,and robustness.The dynamic adaptive PSO showed a robust and consistent performance in producing a diversity of timetables in a reasonable computational time.
