We used a spafio-temporal shot-noise Cox process to study the distribution of forest fires reported between 2006 and 2010 in the Mazandaran Province＇s forests. The fitted model shows that daily temperature, altitude,...We used a spafio-temporal shot-noise Cox process to study the distribution of forest fires reported between 2006 and 2010 in the Mazandaran Province＇s forests. The fitted model shows that daily temperature, altitude, and slope-exposure impacted fire occurrence. Forest fire occurred in the region had an aggregated behavior, which increased in radius below 1-km away from fired areas; a periodic pattern of fire occurrence in the region was verified. The risk of forest fire is significantly higher for areas with southern exposure and slope between 30° and 50°, northern exposure and slope between 0° and 50°, and eastern exposure and slope between 0° and 30°. The risk of fire was also significantly higher at altitudes between 1350 and 3000 m asl. Human causes were the main ignition source for forest fires in the region. The fire occurrence rate stayed above average during the drought period from September 2008 to September 2009. Our findings could lead to the development of fire-response and fire-suppression strategies appropriate to specific regions.展开更多
Objectives:This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic ear surgery(EES).Method:Pubmed,Google and the Proquest Central Database at Kirikkale University were queried using the keywords"endos...Objectives:This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic ear surgery(EES).Method:Pubmed,Google and the Proquest Central Database at Kirikkale University were queried using the keywords"endoscopic ear surgery","ear surgery"and"endoscopy"to identify the literature needed for the review.Results:Endoscopes allow for enhanced surgical visualisation.The distal part of the apparatus is illuminated and contains lenses angled to allow a wider view of the operative area.Transcanal endoscopic techniques have transformed the external ear canal(EAC)into an operative gateway.The benefits EES can offer include wider views,enhanced imaging capabilities and increased magnification,and ways to see otherwise poorly visualisable portions of the middle ear.EES permits surgeons to operate using minimally invasive otological techniques.When compared with microscope-assisted surgery,endoscopic tympanoplasty has been shown to require a shorter operating time in some instances.There are a number of drawbacks to EES,however,which include the fact that it is a single-handed technique,that the light source may produce thermal injury and that visualisation using the endoscope is severely curtailed if bleeding is profuse.Conclusion:EES is a safe and effective technique.The current literature supports the idea that the results achieved by endoscopic methods are usually comparably beneficial to results obtained using conventional microscopic methods.展开更多
The present study aims at comparing the effects of acupressure using new combination of acupoints, and Ibuprofen on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). 216 female high school students, aged between 14 to 18... The present study aims at comparing the effects of acupressure using new combination of acupoints, and Ibuprofen on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). 216 female high school students, aged between 14 to 18 years, were randomly selected and divided into three groups. Each group underwent different treatment techniques: acupressure, Ibuprofen and sham acupressure as a placebo. The results indicated that the three therapeutic techniques were significantly effective in reducing the pain. However the therapeutic efficacies of acupressure and Ibuprofenwere similar with no significant difference, and were significantly better thanthe placebo. Thus acupressure, with no complications, is recommended as an alternative and also a better choice in the decrease of the severity of PD.
……展开更多
This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan,covering the period from 2009 to 2016.It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific fact...This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan,covering the period from 2009 to 2016.It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.The GMM model for panel data estimation is used.The mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial characteristics.The multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily firms.Besides,firm size inversely affects the dividend policy,whereas tangibility positively affects it.Moreover,family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.Overall,family control,size,and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.展开更多
Hail is a meteorological phenomenon that directly concerns to agricultural sector in Iran. Hailstorms affect crop yield that depends on the crop species and the phonological time. In this investigation, climatological...Hail is a meteorological phenomenon that directly concerns to agricultural sector in Iran. Hailstorms affect crop yield that depends on the crop species and the phonological time. In this investigation, climatological study of hail fall has been performed through the available dataset in 118 synoptic stations across the country during a period of 20 years (1985-2004) and hail event map was drawn. After analyzing the data and considering the produced maps, regarding the number of hail occurrence in the country, the following provinces respectively illustrate the highest annual mean of hail fall;Chaharmahal-e-bakhtiari, Ilam, Tehran and Kurdistan (about 4 times/yearly). In the next step, using the statistics of the agricultural insurance affairs during 1995-2005, cultivation areas damaged by hail fall in the farms of agricultural strategic products including;irrigated and rain fed wheat, grain, rice, cotton, sugar beet and potato have been studied, and then the classified maps of hail damage have been plotted for each province and crop. The produced maps indicate that most of the damaged area by hail fall has been related to irrigated wheat crop, with an annual average of 12690.8 hectares in the whole country, then the damaged crops were ordered respectively as following: rain fed wheat, sugar beet, potato, grain, cotton and rice.展开更多
Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reser...Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reservoirs of poverty and backwardness. Mountain districts were the cradle of an Asian 搃ndustrious?revolution that led to Japan抯 modernization. The highland-based silk-reeling producers pioneered an autonomous Asian model of industrial development, which competed successfully against the capital-intensive system introduced from the West into coastal cities. The export strength of silk-producing households in upland villages overturns the claim that Japan抯 economic miracle was based on the introduction of Western technology and administrative systems. To the contrary, the Asian-style management practices and labor standards developed by the silk producers were transferred to a succession of other industries. These indigenous practices account for the rise of Japanese industry in world markets. The clash between the two opposing models of modernization resulted in modern Japan抯 first major civil conflict, the Chichibu Rebellion of 1884, a legacy that has major implications for today抯 recession-mired Japan as well as for developing countries striving for an alternative path to economic development.展开更多
The process involved in the local scour below pipelines is so complex as to make it difficult to establish a general empirical model to provide accurate estimation for scour. This paper describes the use of an adaptiv...The process involved in the local scour below pipelines is so complex as to make it difficult to establish a general empirical model to provide accurate estimation for scour. This paper describes the use of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a Gamma Test (GT) to estimate the submerged pipeline scour depth. The data sets of laboratory measurements were collected from published literature and used to train the network or evolve the program. The developed networks were validated by using the observations that were not involved in training. The performance of ANFIS was found to be more effective when compared with the results of regression equations and GT Network modelling in predicting the scour depth of pipelines.展开更多
Morphometry status of tectonic active areas around the Beshagard mountain is as a result of the interaction of neotectonic movements, erosion and subsidence processes. Bashagard mountain contains two attached mountain...Morphometry status of tectonic active areas around the Beshagard mountain is as a result of the interaction of neotectonic movements, erosion and subsidence processes. Bashagard mountain contains two attached mountains (GhaleTohi imountain and Bashagard mountain) with an altitude of 2000 meters at the south of the Jazmurian subsidence surrounded by Quaternary and Neogene. The boundary between the north Makran and Jazmurian subsidence is a fault that located between Band-e-Ziarat unit and western alluvial fan and units of Ganj, Mokhtarabad and Rameshk in the south. Tectonic activity has a significant impact on their morphometry status and drainage basin system. We studied geomorphological patterns of drainage and mountain fronts features for clear changes and high style of mountain. In this study, we studied seven geomorphological indicators for each basin including Vf, Bs, Smf, Sl, Af, RA, Hi between west and south mountain front of Jazmurian. Morphometric indexes were divided in three categories. The average of seven indicators is an index of relative tectonic activity (IRAT). The level of tectonic activity of each IRAT category was determined. Finally, tectonic activity was evaluated for each drainage basin. Results show good similarity between IRAT category and ratio of tectonic activity of the number of drainage basins. The streams profile shows the uplift movement in the western part of subsidence Jazmurian. Thus, the achievements obtained from the analysis of topographic indices, the region’s river system and geomorphological evidence show the movements of uplift and movement of right-lateral strike-slip of Jiroft fault in the west and reverse faulting of Kranj and Jazmurian faults at east of subsidence Jazmurian that all indicates the diagonal tectonic movements.展开更多
Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidne...Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidney injury(AKI),composing the severe disease known as the Weil's syndrome.Mortality rates varies according to the clinical presentation and usually increases when kidney injury is present,and is even higher in the setting of pulmonary hemorrhage.There are recent advances in the search for novel biomarkers of renal involvement and early detection of AKI in leptospirosis,as well as in its pathophysiology.We review in this article the clinical aspects of leptospirosis-associated AKI and the perspectives for future research.展开更多
Introduction: As the U.S. population undergoes continuous shifts the population’s health profile changes dynamically resulting in more or less expression of certain psychiatric disorders and utilization of health-car...Introduction: As the U.S. population undergoes continuous shifts the population’s health profile changes dynamically resulting in more or less expression of certain psychiatric disorders and utilization of health-care resources. In this paper, we analyze national data on the psychiatric morbidity of American patients and their summated cost in different age groups. Methods: The latest data (2009) on the number of hospital discharges and national bill (hospital charges) linked with psychiatric disorders were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Results: National data shows that mood disorders are the largest diagnostic category in terms of percentage of psychiatri-crelated discharges in the 1 - 17 years age group. The proportion decreases gradually as age progresses while delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders increase exponentially after 65 years of age. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders as well as alcohol and substance-related disorders peak in the working age groups (18 - 64 years). From an economic point of view, mood disorders in the 18 - 44 age group has the highest national bill ($5.477 billion) followed by schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders in the same age group ($4.337 billion) and mood disorders in the 45 - 64 age group ($4.310 billion). On the third place come schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders in the 45 - 64 age group ($3.931 billion). Conclusion: This paper illustrates the high cost of psychiatric care in the U.S., especially the large fraction of healthcare money spent on working-age patients suffering from mood disorders. This underlines psychiatric cost-efficiency as a vital topic in the current healthcare debate.展开更多
This paper presents a short exploration of the phenomena of mass and heat increase, shedding light on the remarkable notion of an expanding universe. Aimed at physicists and mathematicians, this investigation draws on...This paper presents a short exploration of the phenomena of mass and heat increase, shedding light on the remarkable notion of an expanding universe. Aimed at physicists and mathematicians, this investigation draws on an innovative collaboration with ChatGPT, an AI language model trained using scientific knowledge, to enrich our understanding of these fundamental concepts. By delving into the Gravitational Constant, we unveil compelling evidence for an increase in mass and heat for all celestial objects within an isotropic and homogenous universe as a result of the Lorentz Transformation of mass energy (LTME). Traditionally, LTME has been considered relevant primarily for subatomic particles at high velocities. However, this study posits that LTME is equally applicable to celestial bodies, even at relatively low velocities. The journey commences with an examination of the Gamma Factor in the LTME, illuminating its significance in comprehending the expansion of the cosmos. Ultimately, this paper offers a comprehensive validation of “Expanding Matter” with responses from ChatGPT, illuminating the ever-growing nature of our universe. As physicists, embarking on this journey will lead to new perspectives on the profound mysteries that shape cosmic reality. This pursuit contemplates the possibility of an infinitely energetic universe, where energy metamorphoses into mass through M = E/c<sup>2</sup>. This interpretation proposes the existence of a Process of Continuously Created Matter, manifesting as an ongoing accretion, augmentation, and expansion, harmonizing with the universe’s ever-expansive nature. The study further incorporates state-of-the-art observational technologies to substantiate its claims, thereby opening new avenues for future research in both theoretical physics and cosmology.展开更多
Undoubtedly, pipeline transport is considered as significant economical artery of country and national valuable resources, so it is necessary to use latest technologies, major standards and instructions and the best h...Undoubtedly, pipeline transport is considered as significant economical artery of country and national valuable resources, so it is necessary to use latest technologies, major standards and instructions and the best human resources in designing, operation and supervision in construction and also protection of it. Also, all authorities and involved of construction and operation of gas industries installation should observe safety criteria, health and environment and aware of them ever. In fact, in designing of these programs, in addition to technical and economical points, environmental characteristics should be considered in order to their construction has minimum damage to environment. On the other hand, common and traditional approaches of pipeline routing are based on using costly and time-consuming methods. In these methods, it is not easily to use all effective parameters in determining optimum way. According to capability of analysis of network spatial information systems in incorporation of spatial data, for using all effective parameters in routing, this environment is used, therefore weighted overlay analysis (Boleyn, index and fuzzy) and shortest path are modeled for finding optimum path of pipeline in GIS environment.展开更多
Population ageing is an issue of worldwide importance.People are living longer due to advances in education,technology,medicine,food distribution,and public health.While the COVID-19 pandemic has significant global im...Population ageing is an issue of worldwide importance.People are living longer due to advances in education,technology,medicine,food distribution,and public health.While the COVID-19 pandemic has significant global impacts,in many countries the elderlyface threats and challenges that are unique and disproportionately severe.One such threat is that aging results in a decline in immune function,meaning elderly bodies respond more slowly and less effectively to external threats like COVID-19.Responses at individual,family,community and societal levels should take into account the heightened vulnerability of older adults during this pandemic.展开更多
An extensive and accurate knowledge of atmospheric disturbances such as turbulence,wind veering and other unexpected weather changes that are becoming frequent,violent and unpredictable,and which generate tropical cyc...An extensive and accurate knowledge of atmospheric disturbances such as turbulence,wind veering and other unexpected weather changes that are becoming frequent,violent and unpredictable,and which generate tropical cyclones and other intense weather situations is essential.Such unstable atmospheric happenings are occurring with increasing frequency[1].They include periodic collusion of unstable air parcels,uncertain wind trajectories some of which tend to veer and assume violent tendencies,precipitation events that are becoming more erratic and rising temperatures.These atmospheric disturbances not only lead to catastrophic events,but they hamper our ability to predict with accuracy and certainty upcoming weather and climate events as well as their,magnitudes and intensities.展开更多
Background:Vitamin A deficiency is the main problem of public health worldwide demonstrated that 190 million population of preschool children and 122 countries(in Africa and South-East Asia)have vitamin A deficiency,a...Background:Vitamin A deficiency is the main problem of public health worldwide demonstrated that 190 million population of preschool children and 122 countries(in Africa and South-East Asia)have vitamin A deficiency,according to recent estimated research.In Afghanistan,vitamin A supplementation is a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children.Children receive vitamin A supplements as part of National Immunization Days(NID)campaigns.Methods:In this case study,the data was collected from June 15/2015 to February 23/2016,and the final report of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey(AfDHS)2015 was released on February 15/2017.All 27,209 children aged 6-59 months who are living with their mothers were included in this study.Who consumed foods rich in vitamin A was not included in this study.Results:The percentages who were given vitamin A supplements in the last 6 months among all children 6-59 months aged.A total of 1,572 children aged among 6-8 months were given vitamin A supplements 670(42.6%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(2.46%).A total of 1,148 children aged among 9-11 months were given vitamin A supplements to 465(40.5%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(1.70%).Conclusion:After following up on more studies,we found that vitamin A deficiency is a public problem,thus it is better to use wheat flour fortification,vitamin A capsule(VAC)supplementation,nutrition education,source of vitamin A,and training of primary healthcare workers on the clinical to prevent and treat the vitamin A deficiency among children.Therefore,we aimed to determine the given vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months in 33 provinces in Afghanistan,in 2015.展开更多
Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are of intense interest globally. They are the most frequently operated fracture type, have the highest postoperative fatality rate of surgically treated fractures, and have bec...Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are of intense interest globally. They are the most frequently operated fracture type, have the highest postoperative fatality rate of surgically treated fractures, and have become a serious health resource issue due to the high cost of care required after injury. A number of problems exist when determining the best option for treatment for intertrochanteric fractures. The classification systems do not work well enough for preoperative planning and the reduction criteria have not been well defined. Methods: All patients who presented to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran with intertrochanteric fracture, between March 20th 2013 and December 21st 2015, underwent DHS implementation, after 6-month follow-up period. Demographic data, preoperative radiographic fracture, bone quality typing (AO/OTA and Dorr classification), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and evaluation of their correlation with the complication of fixation including nonunion and device failure were recorded and analyzed. Result: 101 patients including 54 males (53.5%) and 47 females (46.5%) underwent DHS implementation. Mean population age was 73.06 ± 16.36 years with an age range of 30 to 94 years;the most frequent age period was 76 - 85 years, injured by low-energy trauma mechanism and 23.8% patients were injured in a high-energy trauma. 56 patients completed the 6-month follow-up evaluation which ranged from 1 to 80 weeks. According to AO/OTA classification, the most common type among the patient population was A2, 27 patients (51.5%);while the most common group from Dorr classification turned to be group B (39.6%). Classification by ASA score revealed Class II to be most frequent among the patient population (56.4%). Nonunion was seen in eight of patients (14.3%). Three patients (5.4%) had device failure, two cases showed side plate breakage, and another one had screw cut out. There was no significant relationship between AO/OTA classification with the both complications i.e. the development of device failure (P = 0.85) and nonunion (P = 0.99). Non-significant correlation was found between Dorr classification with device failure (P = 0.06) and nonunion (P = 0.11). Conclusion: Regarding recent studies, more effective factor on the outcome is patient’s medical condition before surgery compared to the radiographic findings including AO/OTA and Dorr classification.展开更多
文摘We used a spafio-temporal shot-noise Cox process to study the distribution of forest fires reported between 2006 and 2010 in the Mazandaran Province＇s forests. The fitted model shows that daily temperature, altitude, and slope-exposure impacted fire occurrence. Forest fire occurred in the region had an aggregated behavior, which increased in radius below 1-km away from fired areas; a periodic pattern of fire occurrence in the region was verified. The risk of forest fire is significantly higher for areas with southern exposure and slope between 30° and 50°, northern exposure and slope between 0° and 50°, and eastern exposure and slope between 0° and 30°. The risk of fire was also significantly higher at altitudes between 1350 and 3000 m asl. Human causes were the main ignition source for forest fires in the region. The fire occurrence rate stayed above average during the drought period from September 2008 to September 2009. Our findings could lead to the development of fire-response and fire-suppression strategies appropriate to specific regions.
基金supported by Continuous Education and Scientific Research Association
文摘Objectives:This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic ear surgery(EES).Method:Pubmed,Google and the Proquest Central Database at Kirikkale University were queried using the keywords"endoscopic ear surgery","ear surgery"and"endoscopy"to identify the literature needed for the review.Results:Endoscopes allow for enhanced surgical visualisation.The distal part of the apparatus is illuminated and contains lenses angled to allow a wider view of the operative area.Transcanal endoscopic techniques have transformed the external ear canal(EAC)into an operative gateway.The benefits EES can offer include wider views,enhanced imaging capabilities and increased magnification,and ways to see otherwise poorly visualisable portions of the middle ear.EES permits surgeons to operate using minimally invasive otological techniques.When compared with microscope-assisted surgery,endoscopic tympanoplasty has been shown to require a shorter operating time in some instances.There are a number of drawbacks to EES,however,which include the fact that it is a single-handed technique,that the light source may produce thermal injury and that visualisation using the endoscope is severely curtailed if bleeding is profuse.Conclusion:EES is a safe and effective technique.The current literature supports the idea that the results achieved by endoscopic methods are usually comparably beneficial to results obtained using conventional microscopic methods.
文摘 The present study aims at comparing the effects of acupressure using new combination of acupoints, and Ibuprofen on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). 216 female high school students, aged between 14 to 18 years, were randomly selected and divided into three groups. Each group underwent different treatment techniques: acupressure, Ibuprofen and sham acupressure as a placebo. The results indicated that the three therapeutic techniques were significantly effective in reducing the pain. However the therapeutic efficacies of acupressure and Ibuprofenwere similar with no significant difference, and were significantly better thanthe placebo. Thus acupressure, with no complications, is recommended as an alternative and also a better choice in the decrease of the severity of PD.
……
文摘This study examines the impact of family control on the dividend policy of firms in Pakistan,covering the period from 2009 to 2016.It also investigates whether family control moderates the impact of firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.The GMM model for panel data estimation is used.The mean difference univariate analysis shows that family firms differ from nonfamily firms based on financial characteristics.The multivariate analysis shows that family firms pay lower dividends than nonfamily firms.Besides,firm size inversely affects the dividend policy,whereas tangibility positively affects it.Moreover,family control does not moderate the impact of all firm-specific factors on the dividend policy.Overall,family control,size,and tangibility are found to be the main determinants of the dividend policy in Pakistan.
文摘Hail is a meteorological phenomenon that directly concerns to agricultural sector in Iran. Hailstorms affect crop yield that depends on the crop species and the phonological time. In this investigation, climatological study of hail fall has been performed through the available dataset in 118 synoptic stations across the country during a period of 20 years (1985-2004) and hail event map was drawn. After analyzing the data and considering the produced maps, regarding the number of hail occurrence in the country, the following provinces respectively illustrate the highest annual mean of hail fall;Chaharmahal-e-bakhtiari, Ilam, Tehran and Kurdistan (about 4 times/yearly). In the next step, using the statistics of the agricultural insurance affairs during 1995-2005, cultivation areas damaged by hail fall in the farms of agricultural strategic products including;irrigated and rain fed wheat, grain, rice, cotton, sugar beet and potato have been studied, and then the classified maps of hail damage have been plotted for each province and crop. The produced maps indicate that most of the damaged area by hail fall has been related to irrigated wheat crop, with an annual average of 12690.8 hectares in the whole country, then the damaged crops were ordered respectively as following: rain fed wheat, sugar beet, potato, grain, cotton and rice.
文摘Exploring the history of the silk-reeling industry in Chichibu, Japan, this paper challenges the prevalent representation of mountain communities as marginal economic peripheries of the metropolitan center or as reservoirs of poverty and backwardness. Mountain districts were the cradle of an Asian 搃ndustrious?revolution that led to Japan抯 modernization. The highland-based silk-reeling producers pioneered an autonomous Asian model of industrial development, which competed successfully against the capital-intensive system introduced from the West into coastal cities. The export strength of silk-producing households in upland villages overturns the claim that Japan抯 economic miracle was based on the introduction of Western technology and administrative systems. To the contrary, the Asian-style management practices and labor standards developed by the silk producers were transferred to a succession of other industries. These indigenous practices account for the rise of Japanese industry in world markets. The clash between the two opposing models of modernization resulted in modern Japan抯 first major civil conflict, the Chichibu Rebellion of 1884, a legacy that has major implications for today抯 recession-mired Japan as well as for developing countries striving for an alternative path to economic development.
文摘The process involved in the local scour below pipelines is so complex as to make it difficult to establish a general empirical model to provide accurate estimation for scour. This paper describes the use of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and a Gamma Test (GT) to estimate the submerged pipeline scour depth. The data sets of laboratory measurements were collected from published literature and used to train the network or evolve the program. The developed networks were validated by using the observations that were not involved in training. The performance of ANFIS was found to be more effective when compared with the results of regression equations and GT Network modelling in predicting the scour depth of pipelines.
文摘Morphometry status of tectonic active areas around the Beshagard mountain is as a result of the interaction of neotectonic movements, erosion and subsidence processes. Bashagard mountain contains two attached mountains (GhaleTohi imountain and Bashagard mountain) with an altitude of 2000 meters at the south of the Jazmurian subsidence surrounded by Quaternary and Neogene. The boundary between the north Makran and Jazmurian subsidence is a fault that located between Band-e-Ziarat unit and western alluvial fan and units of Ganj, Mokhtarabad and Rameshk in the south. Tectonic activity has a significant impact on their morphometry status and drainage basin system. We studied geomorphological patterns of drainage and mountain fronts features for clear changes and high style of mountain. In this study, we studied seven geomorphological indicators for each basin including Vf, Bs, Smf, Sl, Af, RA, Hi between west and south mountain front of Jazmurian. Morphometric indexes were divided in three categories. The average of seven indicators is an index of relative tectonic activity (IRAT). The level of tectonic activity of each IRAT category was determined. Finally, tectonic activity was evaluated for each drainage basin. Results show good similarity between IRAT category and ratio of tectonic activity of the number of drainage basins. The streams profile shows the uplift movement in the western part of subsidence Jazmurian. Thus, the achievements obtained from the analysis of topographic indices, the region’s river system and geomorphological evidence show the movements of uplift and movement of right-lateral strike-slip of Jiroft fault in the west and reverse faulting of Kranj and Jazmurian faults at east of subsidence Jazmurian that all indicates the diagonal tectonic movements.
基金supported by the Brazilian Research Council(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico–CNPq),grant number 301174/2017-2
文摘Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease disseminated through the centuries in the whole world which causes symptoms that go from self-limited diseases to hemorrhagic manifestations and organ failure,including acute kidney injury(AKI),composing the severe disease known as the Weil's syndrome.Mortality rates varies according to the clinical presentation and usually increases when kidney injury is present,and is even higher in the setting of pulmonary hemorrhage.There are recent advances in the search for novel biomarkers of renal involvement and early detection of AKI in leptospirosis,as well as in its pathophysiology.We review in this article the clinical aspects of leptospirosis-associated AKI and the perspectives for future research.
文摘Introduction: As the U.S. population undergoes continuous shifts the population’s health profile changes dynamically resulting in more or less expression of certain psychiatric disorders and utilization of health-care resources. In this paper, we analyze national data on the psychiatric morbidity of American patients and their summated cost in different age groups. Methods: The latest data (2009) on the number of hospital discharges and national bill (hospital charges) linked with psychiatric disorders were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Results: National data shows that mood disorders are the largest diagnostic category in terms of percentage of psychiatri-crelated discharges in the 1 - 17 years age group. The proportion decreases gradually as age progresses while delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders increase exponentially after 65 years of age. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders as well as alcohol and substance-related disorders peak in the working age groups (18 - 64 years). From an economic point of view, mood disorders in the 18 - 44 age group has the highest national bill ($5.477 billion) followed by schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders in the same age group ($4.337 billion) and mood disorders in the 45 - 64 age group ($4.310 billion). On the third place come schizophrenic and other psychotic disorders in the 45 - 64 age group ($3.931 billion). Conclusion: This paper illustrates the high cost of psychiatric care in the U.S., especially the large fraction of healthcare money spent on working-age patients suffering from mood disorders. This underlines psychiatric cost-efficiency as a vital topic in the current healthcare debate.
文摘This paper presents a short exploration of the phenomena of mass and heat increase, shedding light on the remarkable notion of an expanding universe. Aimed at physicists and mathematicians, this investigation draws on an innovative collaboration with ChatGPT, an AI language model trained using scientific knowledge, to enrich our understanding of these fundamental concepts. By delving into the Gravitational Constant, we unveil compelling evidence for an increase in mass and heat for all celestial objects within an isotropic and homogenous universe as a result of the Lorentz Transformation of mass energy (LTME). Traditionally, LTME has been considered relevant primarily for subatomic particles at high velocities. However, this study posits that LTME is equally applicable to celestial bodies, even at relatively low velocities. The journey commences with an examination of the Gamma Factor in the LTME, illuminating its significance in comprehending the expansion of the cosmos. Ultimately, this paper offers a comprehensive validation of “Expanding Matter” with responses from ChatGPT, illuminating the ever-growing nature of our universe. As physicists, embarking on this journey will lead to new perspectives on the profound mysteries that shape cosmic reality. This pursuit contemplates the possibility of an infinitely energetic universe, where energy metamorphoses into mass through M = E/c<sup>2</sup>. This interpretation proposes the existence of a Process of Continuously Created Matter, manifesting as an ongoing accretion, augmentation, and expansion, harmonizing with the universe’s ever-expansive nature. The study further incorporates state-of-the-art observational technologies to substantiate its claims, thereby opening new avenues for future research in both theoretical physics and cosmology.
文摘Undoubtedly, pipeline transport is considered as significant economical artery of country and national valuable resources, so it is necessary to use latest technologies, major standards and instructions and the best human resources in designing, operation and supervision in construction and also protection of it. Also, all authorities and involved of construction and operation of gas industries installation should observe safety criteria, health and environment and aware of them ever. In fact, in designing of these programs, in addition to technical and economical points, environmental characteristics should be considered in order to their construction has minimum damage to environment. On the other hand, common and traditional approaches of pipeline routing are based on using costly and time-consuming methods. In these methods, it is not easily to use all effective parameters in determining optimum way. According to capability of analysis of network spatial information systems in incorporation of spatial data, for using all effective parameters in routing, this environment is used, therefore weighted overlay analysis (Boleyn, index and fuzzy) and shortest path are modeled for finding optimum path of pipeline in GIS environment.
文摘Population ageing is an issue of worldwide importance.People are living longer due to advances in education,technology,medicine,food distribution,and public health.While the COVID-19 pandemic has significant global impacts,in many countries the elderlyface threats and challenges that are unique and disproportionately severe.One such threat is that aging results in a decline in immune function,meaning elderly bodies respond more slowly and less effectively to external threats like COVID-19.Responses at individual,family,community and societal levels should take into account the heightened vulnerability of older adults during this pandemic.
文摘An extensive and accurate knowledge of atmospheric disturbances such as turbulence,wind veering and other unexpected weather changes that are becoming frequent,violent and unpredictable,and which generate tropical cyclones and other intense weather situations is essential.Such unstable atmospheric happenings are occurring with increasing frequency[1].They include periodic collusion of unstable air parcels,uncertain wind trajectories some of which tend to veer and assume violent tendencies,precipitation events that are becoming more erratic and rising temperatures.These atmospheric disturbances not only lead to catastrophic events,but they hamper our ability to predict with accuracy and certainty upcoming weather and climate events as well as their,magnitudes and intensities.
文摘Background:Vitamin A deficiency is the main problem of public health worldwide demonstrated that 190 million population of preschool children and 122 countries(in Africa and South-East Asia)have vitamin A deficiency,according to recent estimated research.In Afghanistan,vitamin A supplementation is a key strategy to prevent vitamin A deficiency among young children.Children receive vitamin A supplements as part of National Immunization Days(NID)campaigns.Methods:In this case study,the data was collected from June 15/2015 to February 23/2016,and the final report of the Afghanistan Demographic Health Survey(AfDHS)2015 was released on February 15/2017.All 27,209 children aged 6-59 months who are living with their mothers were included in this study.Who consumed foods rich in vitamin A was not included in this study.Results:The percentages who were given vitamin A supplements in the last 6 months among all children 6-59 months aged.A total of 1,572 children aged among 6-8 months were given vitamin A supplements 670(42.6%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(2.46%).A total of 1,148 children aged among 9-11 months were given vitamin A supplements to 465(40.5%)children and comparison with the total community of the study(27,209)children(1.70%).Conclusion:After following up on more studies,we found that vitamin A deficiency is a public problem,thus it is better to use wheat flour fortification,vitamin A capsule(VAC)supplementation,nutrition education,source of vitamin A,and training of primary healthcare workers on the clinical to prevent and treat the vitamin A deficiency among children.Therefore,we aimed to determine the given vitamin A supplementation among children aged 6-59 months in 33 provinces in Afghanistan,in 2015.
文摘Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are of intense interest globally. They are the most frequently operated fracture type, have the highest postoperative fatality rate of surgically treated fractures, and have become a serious health resource issue due to the high cost of care required after injury. A number of problems exist when determining the best option for treatment for intertrochanteric fractures. The classification systems do not work well enough for preoperative planning and the reduction criteria have not been well defined. Methods: All patients who presented to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran with intertrochanteric fracture, between March 20th 2013 and December 21st 2015, underwent DHS implementation, after 6-month follow-up period. Demographic data, preoperative radiographic fracture, bone quality typing (AO/OTA and Dorr classification), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score and evaluation of their correlation with the complication of fixation including nonunion and device failure were recorded and analyzed. Result: 101 patients including 54 males (53.5%) and 47 females (46.5%) underwent DHS implementation. Mean population age was 73.06 ± 16.36 years with an age range of 30 to 94 years;the most frequent age period was 76 - 85 years, injured by low-energy trauma mechanism and 23.8% patients were injured in a high-energy trauma. 56 patients completed the 6-month follow-up evaluation which ranged from 1 to 80 weeks. According to AO/OTA classification, the most common type among the patient population was A2, 27 patients (51.5%);while the most common group from Dorr classification turned to be group B (39.6%). Classification by ASA score revealed Class II to be most frequent among the patient population (56.4%). Nonunion was seen in eight of patients (14.3%). Three patients (5.4%) had device failure, two cases showed side plate breakage, and another one had screw cut out. There was no significant relationship between AO/OTA classification with the both complications i.e. the development of device failure (P = 0.85) and nonunion (P = 0.99). Non-significant correlation was found between Dorr classification with device failure (P = 0.06) and nonunion (P = 0.11). Conclusion: Regarding recent studies, more effective factor on the outcome is patient’s medical condition before surgery compared to the radiographic findings including AO/OTA and Dorr classification.
