The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and ph...The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and physiological quality. Taking into account that currently there is no categorization in terms of susceptibility and tolerance on this pathogen, the present work is presented with the main objective of “Evaluate the influence of Pathogenicity of C. truncatum on the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)” most planted in the region. The work was carried out in the Agrotec laboratory, located in the Municipality of San Alberto (Alto Paraná), using a completely randomized experimental design, with AxB factorial arrangement, where A indicates ten most planted soybean varieties in the region and B with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum, with twenty treatments and four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination, vigor, viability and chemical composition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% error. The results showed a significant statistical difference, accepting the alternative hypothesis proposed “The pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum influences the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)”.展开更多
Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus(GRSPaV)is one of the most widely distributed viruses;even so,little is known about its effect on Vitis vinifera.To provide new insights,the effects of single and mixed...Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus(GRSPaV)is one of the most widely distributed viruses;even so,little is known about its effect on Vitis vinifera.To provide new insights,the effects of single and mixed GRSPaV infections on the V.vinifera cultivar“Cabernet Sauvignon”were studied by evaluating growth parameters,such as measurements of the total plant length,the number and distance of internodes and the number of leaves per shoot.In addition,parameters relating to gas exchange,i.e.,the stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,internal CO2 concentration and leaf transpiration,were also assessed.All the measurements were performed in one-and two-yearold plants with a single GRSPaV infection or mixed infections of GRSPaV and Grapevine fanleaf virus(GFLV).The results show that the plant phytosanitary status did not significantly alter the growth and gas exchange parameters in oneyear-old plants.However,in two-year-old plants,single GRSPaV infections increased shoot elongation,which was accompanied by the overexpression of genes associated with the gibberellic acid response pathway.The gas exchange parameters of these plants were negatively affected,despite exhibiting higher LHCII gene expression.Plants with mixed infections did not have modified growth parameters,although they presented a greater reduction in the primary photosynthetic parameters evaluated with no change in LHCII expression.The results presented here confirm the co-evolution hypothesis for V.vinifera and GRSPaV during the early stages of plant development,and they provide new evidence about the effects of GRSPaV and GFLV co-infections on the“Cabernet Sauvignon”cultivar.展开更多
Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume ...Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H.vastatrix.The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance,respectively.The review abord Coffea spp.defense response pathways involved in H.vastatrix pathogenicity.Additionally,current measures to control H.vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions,and biological and chemical control.Finally,new trendlines to reduce the impact of CLR as nanoparticles and nanotechnology were analyzed.展开更多
Chile has high potential to produce quality durum wheat;however, it is not self-sufficient. It is necessary to increase durum grain yield in the Mediterranean rainfed areas which are characterized by adverse environme...Chile has high potential to produce quality durum wheat;however, it is not self-sufficient. It is necessary to increase durum grain yield in the Mediterranean rainfed areas which are characterized by adverse environmental conditions, mainly, water deficit. The criteria normally used by breeders to select varieties of wheat for these environments are yield under stress and early flowering. The objective of this monograph is to propose that the selection of high yielding genotypes of durum wheat, under Chilean Mediterranean rainfed conditions, be assisted by morphological and physiological traits associated with yield in order to increase its heritability.展开更多
A rust disease caused by <i>Uropyxis daleae</i> (Dietel & Holw.) Magnus was registered on the natural population of <i>Dalea pennelli</i> (Mac Bride) Mac Bride var. <i>chilensis</i...A rust disease caused by <i>Uropyxis daleae</i> (Dietel & Holw.) Magnus was registered on the natural population of <i>Dalea pennelli</i> (Mac Bride) Mac Bride var. <i>chilensis</i> Barneby in the highland near the Andes in the northernmost of Chile. This pathogen shows uredinia with the presence of paraphyses and features, larger urediniospores and teliospores than <i>U. daleae</i> (Dietel & Holway) Magn. var. <i>daleae</i>. Based on morphological combined with 28S sequence analysis, we propose this pathogen as a new fungal variety: <i>U. daleae</i> var. <i>socoromensis</i>. This is the first report of <i>Uropyxis daleae</i> var. <i>socoromensis</i> attacking <i>D. pennelli</i> var. <i>chilensis</i> in Northern Chile.展开更多
Plant sap analysis has emerged as a key focus in recent agricultural research,aiming to enhance fertilizer management and improve crop nutritional assessment.Despite its current recognition as an innovative technique,...Plant sap analysis has emerged as a key focus in recent agricultural research,aiming to enhance fertilizer management and improve crop nutritional assessment.Despite its current recognition as an innovative technique,the origins of sap testing date back over 120 years,with early studies largely overlooked by contemporary researchers.This work revisits these foundational studies,exploring their findings and revealing their potential to challenge modern techniques.This study discusses historical methods of sap collection and how variations in pressure and extraction techniques can influence its nutrient composition.This retrospective examination suggests that integrating these early insights can significantly enhance current sap testing methods.展开更多
Anastrepha fraterculus is a significant fruit fly pest in Argentina and other South American countries. Previous studies showed the key role of gut bacteria in the protection and nutrient assimilation of fruit flies, ...Anastrepha fraterculus is a significant fruit fly pest in Argentina and other South American countries. Previous studies showed the key role of gut bacteria in the protection and nutrient assimilation of fruit flies, particularly the importance of the biological fixation of nitrogen (diazotrophy). The presence of diazotrophic bacteria in A. fraterculus sp. 1 has been demonstrated through molecular, culture-independent methods. This study is aimed to characterize the composition and diversity of culturable gut bacteria of A. fraterculus sp. 1 males from different origins, and explore their metabolic roles, focusing on diazotrophic bacteria. Three male groups were studied: wild-caught (WW), lab-reared from wild larvae (WL), and lab-colony raised (LL). Gut bacteria were collected and characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with potential diazotrophs screened using selective media (SIL and NFb). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene mapped potential diazotrophs across the bacterial collection, while biochemical profiling and ARDRA (Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis) were used to quickly differentiate diazotrophic bacteria. PCR testing for the nifH gene, associated with nitrogen fixation, was also performed. Bacterial diversity was highest in WW, followed by WL, and lowest in LL. In LL and WL, Enterobacter was the most frequent genus, while Klebsiella dominated in WW. Among the 20 SIL+ isolates identified, 10 came from WW, 9 from WL, and 1 from LL. One of these isolates (Enterobacter sp.) was tested as a supplement to the adult diet, without showing a beneficial effect on males pheromone calling behavior. Three isolates were also NFb+;two had the nifH gene. ARDRA was effective for rapid diazotroph discrimination. These findings highlight the potential of gut symbiotic bacteria in eco-friendly pest management strategies like the sterile insect technique (SIT). By using diazotrophic bacteria, protein requirements in artificial diets could be reduced, cutting costs and improving the affordability of SIT programs.展开更多
Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests and disease vectors rely on the cost-effective production of high-quality sterile males. This largely depends on the optimal management of target ...Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests and disease vectors rely on the cost-effective production of high-quality sterile males. This largely depends on the optimal management of target pest colonies by maximizing the benefits provided by a genetically rich and pathogen-free mother colony, the presence of symbiotic microorganisms, and efficient domestication, mass-rearing, irradiation, and release processes. At the same time microbial (bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, and viruses) pathogen outbreaks should be minimized or eliminated, and the use of hazardous chemicals restricted. The optimization of the colony management strategies for different SIT target insects will ensure a standardized high-quality mass-rearing process and the cost-effective production of sterile males with enhanced field performance and male mating competitiveness. The aims of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) were to develop best practices for insect colony management for the cost-effective production of high-quality sterile males for SIT applications against major insect pests and disease vectors through a multidisciplinary approach involving entomologists, geneticists, ecologists, microbiologists, pathologists, virologists, and mass-rearing experts.展开更多
文摘The literature highlights that a severe infection by the fungus Colletotrichum truncatum may be capable of inflicting considerable damage to seeds after harvest, potentially affecting their chemical composition and physiological quality. Taking into account that currently there is no categorization in terms of susceptibility and tolerance on this pathogen, the present work is presented with the main objective of “Evaluate the influence of Pathogenicity of C. truncatum on the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)” most planted in the region. The work was carried out in the Agrotec laboratory, located in the Municipality of San Alberto (Alto Paraná), using a completely randomized experimental design, with AxB factorial arrangement, where A indicates ten most planted soybean varieties in the region and B with or without artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum, with twenty treatments and four repetitions. The variables evaluated were: germination, vigor, viability and chemical composition. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Tukey test at 5% error. The results showed a significant statistical difference, accepting the alternative hypothesis proposed “The pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum influences the physiological quality (germination, vigor, viability) and biochemical components (saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) in different varieties of soybean seeds (Glycine max)”.
基金funding by Comisión Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología(CONICYT),folio scholarship 21141168We are grateful to I+D Vinos de Chile(Project 12CTI-16788-01)for provide the plant material.
文摘Grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus(GRSPaV)is one of the most widely distributed viruses;even so,little is known about its effect on Vitis vinifera.To provide new insights,the effects of single and mixed GRSPaV infections on the V.vinifera cultivar“Cabernet Sauvignon”were studied by evaluating growth parameters,such as measurements of the total plant length,the number and distance of internodes and the number of leaves per shoot.In addition,parameters relating to gas exchange,i.e.,the stomatal conductance,net photosynthetic rate,internal CO2 concentration and leaf transpiration,were also assessed.All the measurements were performed in one-and two-yearold plants with a single GRSPaV infection or mixed infections of GRSPaV and Grapevine fanleaf virus(GFLV).The results show that the plant phytosanitary status did not significantly alter the growth and gas exchange parameters in oneyear-old plants.However,in two-year-old plants,single GRSPaV infections increased shoot elongation,which was accompanied by the overexpression of genes associated with the gibberellic acid response pathway.The gas exchange parameters of these plants were negatively affected,despite exhibiting higher LHCII gene expression.Plants with mixed infections did not have modified growth parameters,although they presented a greater reduction in the primary photosynthetic parameters evaluated with no change in LHCII expression.The results presented here confirm the co-evolution hypothesis for V.vinifera and GRSPaV during the early stages of plant development,and they provide new evidence about the effects of GRSPaV and GFLV co-infections on the“Cabernet Sauvignon”cultivar.
文摘Coffee Leaf Rust(CLR)is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp.It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality.In this review,we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H.vastatrix.The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance,respectively.The review abord Coffea spp.defense response pathways involved in H.vastatrix pathogenicity.Additionally,current measures to control H.vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions,and biological and chemical control.Finally,new trendlines to reduce the impact of CLR as nanoparticles and nanotechnology were analyzed.
文摘Chile has high potential to produce quality durum wheat;however, it is not self-sufficient. It is necessary to increase durum grain yield in the Mediterranean rainfed areas which are characterized by adverse environmental conditions, mainly, water deficit. The criteria normally used by breeders to select varieties of wheat for these environments are yield under stress and early flowering. The objective of this monograph is to propose that the selection of high yielding genotypes of durum wheat, under Chilean Mediterranean rainfed conditions, be assisted by morphological and physiological traits associated with yield in order to increase its heritability.
文摘A rust disease caused by <i>Uropyxis daleae</i> (Dietel & Holw.) Magnus was registered on the natural population of <i>Dalea pennelli</i> (Mac Bride) Mac Bride var. <i>chilensis</i> Barneby in the highland near the Andes in the northernmost of Chile. This pathogen shows uredinia with the presence of paraphyses and features, larger urediniospores and teliospores than <i>U. daleae</i> (Dietel & Holway) Magn. var. <i>daleae</i>. Based on morphological combined with 28S sequence analysis, we propose this pathogen as a new fungal variety: <i>U. daleae</i> var. <i>socoromensis</i>. This is the first report of <i>Uropyxis daleae</i> var. <i>socoromensis</i> attacking <i>D. pennelli</i> var. <i>chilensis</i> in Northern Chile.
文摘Plant sap analysis has emerged as a key focus in recent agricultural research,aiming to enhance fertilizer management and improve crop nutritional assessment.Despite its current recognition as an innovative technique,the origins of sap testing date back over 120 years,with early studies largely overlooked by contemporary researchers.This work revisits these foundational studies,exploring their findings and revealing their potential to challenge modern techniques.This study discusses historical methods of sap collection and how variations in pressure and extraction techniques can influence its nutrient composition.This retrospective examination suggests that integrating these early insights can significantly enhance current sap testing methods.
基金Funding was provided by FAO/IAEA contract 22515(CRP D42017),PICT-2019-04141,PIP-CONICET 0039PI USAL 2022-80020210100018.
文摘Anastrepha fraterculus is a significant fruit fly pest in Argentina and other South American countries. Previous studies showed the key role of gut bacteria in the protection and nutrient assimilation of fruit flies, particularly the importance of the biological fixation of nitrogen (diazotrophy). The presence of diazotrophic bacteria in A. fraterculus sp. 1 has been demonstrated through molecular, culture-independent methods. This study is aimed to characterize the composition and diversity of culturable gut bacteria of A. fraterculus sp. 1 males from different origins, and explore their metabolic roles, focusing on diazotrophic bacteria. Three male groups were studied: wild-caught (WW), lab-reared from wild larvae (WL), and lab-colony raised (LL). Gut bacteria were collected and characterized via 16S rRNA gene sequencing, with potential diazotrophs screened using selective media (SIL and NFb). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene mapped potential diazotrophs across the bacterial collection, while biochemical profiling and ARDRA (Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis) were used to quickly differentiate diazotrophic bacteria. PCR testing for the nifH gene, associated with nitrogen fixation, was also performed. Bacterial diversity was highest in WW, followed by WL, and lowest in LL. In LL and WL, Enterobacter was the most frequent genus, while Klebsiella dominated in WW. Among the 20 SIL+ isolates identified, 10 came from WW, 9 from WL, and 1 from LL. One of these isolates (Enterobacter sp.) was tested as a supplement to the adult diet, without showing a beneficial effect on males pheromone calling behavior. Three isolates were also NFb+;two had the nifH gene. ARDRA was effective for rapid diazotroph discrimination. These findings highlight the potential of gut symbiotic bacteria in eco-friendly pest management strategies like the sterile insect technique (SIT). By using diazotrophic bacteria, protein requirements in artificial diets could be reduced, cutting costs and improving the affordability of SIT programs.
文摘Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) applications against major insect pests and disease vectors rely on the cost-effective production of high-quality sterile males. This largely depends on the optimal management of target pest colonies by maximizing the benefits provided by a genetically rich and pathogen-free mother colony, the presence of symbiotic microorganisms, and efficient domestication, mass-rearing, irradiation, and release processes. At the same time microbial (bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, and viruses) pathogen outbreaks should be minimized or eliminated, and the use of hazardous chemicals restricted. The optimization of the colony management strategies for different SIT target insects will ensure a standardized high-quality mass-rearing process and the cost-effective production of sterile males with enhanced field performance and male mating competitiveness. The aims of the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) were to develop best practices for insect colony management for the cost-effective production of high-quality sterile males for SIT applications against major insect pests and disease vectors through a multidisciplinary approach involving entomologists, geneticists, ecologists, microbiologists, pathologists, virologists, and mass-rearing experts.
