Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible trans...Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible transmittance(AVT)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)remains a key issue of STOPVs.Herein,we innovatively applied a surface texturization strategy by integrating with a pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure to fabricate ST-OPVs,which possess outstanding photoelectric conversion and light management capability.The textured active layer performs significantly improved light capture capability and reduced optical loss due to that the micro-patterned arrays can deflect incident light multiple times.Moreover,the surface texturization strategy can enhance the crystallinity of the active layer and precisely control donor/acceptor inter-penetration,which magnifies exciton dissociation interface and forms ordered carrier dynamics.Consequently,the textured opaque device via blade-coating performs a record PCE of 19.17%(certified 19.02%)and the semi-transparent device achieves one of the highest light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 5.54%with prominent PCE(14.40%)and AVT(38.43%).Most importantly,the excellent thermal insulation performance and color rendering index of ST-OPVs are fitting for the agricultural greenhouses and insulation roofing,which shows that the surface texturization strategy can provide promising application prospects for ST-OPVs in economically sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensio...The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensional flow in the discrete fractures are approximated using mixed finite elements.The coupling of the two-dimensional matrix flow with the one-dimensional fracture flow is enforced using the pressure of the one-dimensional flow as a Lagrange multiplier to express the conservation of fluid transfer between the fracture flow and the divergence of the one-dimensional fracture flux.A zero-dimensional pressure(point element)is used to express conservation of mass where fractures intersect.The issuing simulation is then reduced using the MHM method leading to accurate results with a very reduced number of global equations.A general system was developed where fracture geometries and conductivities are specified in an input file and meshes are generated using the public domain mesh generator GMsh.Several test cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the multiscale results with direct simulations.展开更多
Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fu...Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fungoides with body sur face involvement of 10%in one case (stage IIb) and exceeding 30%in two cases ( stages IIb and III). All patients were treated with photochemotherapy and topica l nitrogen mustard ointment in a concentration of 0.01%. After approximately 3 months multiple milia erupted on regressing plaques. Results. The presence of mi lia was evident and was confirmed by histopathology. Regression of mycosis fungo ides was noted in these plaques both clinically and in comparison with the pretr eatment histologic appearance. Two of the patients showed a histological picture of follicular mucinosis. Conclusions. We do not know the significance of milia in mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we suggest that follicular rupture or a dege nerative process might result in milia formation.展开更多
Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the ...Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the network and make conventional techniques inefficient.This research explores the structure of Graph neural networks(GNNs)that generalize deep learning frameworks to graph-structured data.Every node in the graph structure is labeled and anomalies,represented by unlabeled nodes,are predicted by performing random walks on the node-based graph structures.Due to their strong learning abilities,GNNs gained popularity in various domains such as natural language processing,social network analytics and healthcare.Anomaly detection is a challenging task in computer vision but the proposed algorithm using GNNs efficiently performs the identification of anomalies.The Graph-based deep learning networks are designed to predict unknown objects and outliers.In our case,they detect unusual objects in the form of malicious nodes.The edges between nodes represent a relationship of nodes among each other.In case of anomaly,such as the bike rider in Pedestrians data,the rider node has a negative value for the edge and it is identified as an anomaly.The encoding and decoding layers are crucial for determining how statistical measurements affect anomaly identification and for correcting the graph path to the best possible outcome.Results show that the proposed framework is a step ahead of the traditional approaches in detecting unusual activities,which shows a huge potential in automatically monitoring surveillance videos.Performing autonomous monitoring of CCTV,crime control and damage or destruction by a group of people or crowd can be identified and alarms may be triggered in unusual activities in streets or public places.The suggested GNN model improves accuracy by 4%for the Pedestrian 2 dataset and 12%for the Pedestrian 1 dataset compared to a few state-of the-art techniques.展开更多
Optimizing the active layer morphology by introducing a third component is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Using dithieno[3,2-a:2′′,3′′-c]phenazine as the core,a nonfu...Optimizing the active layer morphology by introducing a third component is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Using dithieno[3,2-a:2′′,3′′-c]phenazine as the core,a nonfused-ring small molecule(PTBT-SC10)with a large difference in miscibility with the donor and acceptor was obtained by side chain engineering and alteration of theπ-bridge.PTBT-SC10 forms a good complementary absorption with the host donor and acceptor,and it has a cascade energy level arrangement with energy levels of the host materials.Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)measurements showed that the addition of only 5%mass fraction of PTBT-SC10 resulted in an optimized vertical phase separation morphology for the binary blend.As a result,the optimized PM6:BTP-eC9:PTBT-SC10 ternary OSCs obtained a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.1%,while the PCE based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs was only 17.7%.This study shows that the vertical phase separation structure of the binary active layer can be precisely tuned by adding only a small amount of the third component when the miscibility of the third component differs significantly from that of the host material.This provides a new strategy to minimize the generation of defect states in the ternary active layer and improve the photovoltaic performance of the device.展开更多
Perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation photonics,owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and scalable fabrication processes,particularly for flexi...Perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation photonics,owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and scalable fabrication processes,particularly for flexible wearable electronics,intelligent lighting systems,and ultra-high-definition displays.This review comprehensively examines recent advancements in perovskite materials,device architectures,operational mechanisms,and optimization strategies for the functional layers of PeLEDs.Despite significant progress,the practical deployment of high-performance flexible PeLEDs(FPeLEDs)faces three major challenges:efficiency droop at high current densities,limited light extraction efficiency,and thermal management issues during operation.Future research efforts should focus on tackling these obstacles to improve the overall performance and reliability of FPeLEDs.This systematic overview aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the development of FPeLED technology and its applications in emerging fields.展开更多
Developing high-performance,durable,and cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing next-generation energy devices like zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,we engineer a hybrid Fe-N-C...Developing high-performance,durable,and cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing next-generation energy devices like zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,we engineer a hybrid Fe-N-C catalyst(FeSA-Fe_(NP)/CeO_(2)@NC)integrating atomically dispersed Fe-Nx sites,Fe nanoparticles,and oxygen vacancy-rich CeO_(2) nanoparticles within a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix.Interfacial charge transfer and oxygen vacancy-mediated electron redistribution,synergistically enhanced by strong metal-support interactions(SMSI),optimize the electronic configuration of Fe-Nx sites and reduce their electron density.The resulting catalyst exhibits exceptional ORR activity and stability,featuring a half-wave potential of 0.925 V(vs.RHE)in alkaline media and minimal degradation(1%and 2.8%negative shifts after 10,000/20,000 cycles).In ZABs,it achieves a peak power density of 310.29 mW·cm-2 while sustaining stable operation for over 600 h.This work demonstrates dual role of CeO_(2) in enhancing activity and stability,establishing a design principle for high-performance electrocatalysts in energy conversion systems.展开更多
Enabling green-printed organic solar cells(OSCs)with high efficiency,stability and flexibility is significant to industrialization.In the green-printed process,the slow film-forming process always induces adverse crys...Enabling green-printed organic solar cells(OSCs)with high efficiency,stability and flexibility is significant to industrialization.In the green-printed process,the slow film-forming process always induces adverse crystallization kinetics with over-size aggregation.Besides,the unfavorable rheological property always leads to severe Marangoni effect and non-uniform morphology.Nowadays,optimization of rheological properties and crystallinity kinetics relies on external methods,but lacks an indepth understanding of the relationship between the green-printed process and intrinsic material characteristics.Herein,we employ a conjugation-extension strategy to realize the collaborative regulation of the rheological property and crystallization kinetics in green processing.The spin-coated device based on the new tetramer 4BTPOD(BTPOD:2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile)achieves an outstanding efficiency of 18.49%for binary OSC and a top-level efficiency of 19.43%for ternary OSC.Furthermore,the rational conjugation extension strengthens the interchain interaction and prevents molecular rapid migration,thereby suppressing the over-size aggregation and Marangoni effect during the green-printed process.The resultant homogeneous film enables the first tetramer-based green-printed OSC with an outstanding efficiency of 17.57%.Moreover,the enhanced interchain entanglement endows OSCs with excellent photothermal stability and flexibility.This work provides a deep insight from intrinsic molecular characteristics into the optimization of rheological properties and crystallization kinetics for green-printed OSCs with high efficiency,stability and flexibility.展开更多
The heavy p-doping effect and intrinsic defectsof tin-based perovskites are two major challenges, whichgreatly limit the device performance of tin-based perovskitesolar cells (PSCs). In this study, a novel n-type orga...The heavy p-doping effect and intrinsic defectsof tin-based perovskites are two major challenges, whichgreatly limit the device performance of tin-based perovskitesolar cells (PSCs). In this study, a novel n-type organic smallmolecule dopant, namely, NDI2HD-Br2, is proposed to sy-nergistically alleviate the intrinsic severe p-type self-dopingand passivate the Sn-related defects of tin-based perovskites.Specifically, the carbonyl groups (C=O) with high electrondensity in the NDI2HD-Br2 can donate additional electrons tothe perovskite band edge, resulting in the conversion of thetin-based perovskite from a p-type to a weak n-type semi-conductor (i.e., up-shifting the Fermi level by 0.15 eV). By thisway, we achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.01%with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.95 V for the tin-basedPSCs. Moreover, the NDI2HD-Br2 incorporated devices ex-hibit excellent long-term stability that maintains 81% of theinitial PCE after 1500 h of storage in a nitrogen environment.This study provides a new pathway to modulate electronicstructures and passivate intrinsic defects of tin-based per-ovskites for efficient and stable solar cells.展开更多
Irreversible Zn plating/stripping and uncontrollable interface micro-environment fluctuation induced by competitive side reactions in the electrical double layer limit the reversibility of aqueous zinc ion batteries(A...Irreversible Zn plating/stripping and uncontrollable interface micro-environment fluctuation induced by competitive side reactions in the electrical double layer limit the reversibility of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).Here,we propose the molecule-adsorption-induced interface micro-environment regulating the electrical double layer(EDL)to stabilize Zn electrode/electrolyte interface electrochemistry by adding the Ellagic acid(Ea)electrolyte.Specially,the preferential adsorption of Ea on the Zn(002)facet creates a unique physical barrier interface on the Zn surface via the strong interaction between the Ea molecule and Zn anode.The Ea-molecule-induced adsorption layer could simultaneously act as a H_(2)O/H^(+)-shielding interphase for suppressing side reactions and promoting homogeneous Zn^(2+)transport for compact Zn(002)deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetric cells demonstrated outstanding lifespans that cycled over 300 h under the periodic changes of current densities from 1 to 20 mA cm^(-2),and the Zn//Cu half cell delivered high Coulombic efficiency(99.53%)during 1000 cycles at 5 mA cm^(-2) with 1 mAh cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn//MnO_(2) full cells preserved 72.9%capacity even after 2000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).This strategy opens a unique understanding of the relationship between electrical double layer regulation and highly efficient AZIBs.展开更多
In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this r...In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this results in nonuniform preparation of the HTLs,which significantly reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device at the module level.To tackle this significant challenge,we propose a strategy for a dual-fiber network structure based on polymer HTLs.This strategy involves the use of organic solar cell polymer donor material(PM6)and poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),which are spontaneously interwoven into micronsized fiber crystals to establish efficient carrier transport channels.This unique structure not only accelerates charge extraction but also takes advantage of the inherent benefits of polymers,such as excellent printability and homogeneous film formation while enhancing the protection of the perovskite layers.The resulting devices demonstrate a VOC of 1.18 V and a champion PCE of 24.90%,which is higher than the pristine devices(the PCE is 22.87%).Moreover,due to the improved printing characteristics,the PSMs prepared by blade-coating also demonstrate a high PCE of 15.15%within an aperture area of 100 cm^(2).Additionally,this strategy significantly improves the operational stability,thermal stability,and humidity stability of the devices.展开更多
The site activity,utilization,and mass transfer of single-atom catalysts(SACs)significantly influence oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance.However,optimizing and deeply evaluating their contributions to catalytic...The site activity,utilization,and mass transfer of single-atom catalysts(SACs)significantly influence oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance.However,optimizing and deeply evaluating their contributions to catalytic activity is challenging since the inherent interdependencies and trade-offs.Herein,a self-generating template tactic is proposed to fabricate N/S/P tri-doped hierarchical porous SACs with binary Zn/Fe isolated sites(Zn/Fe-NSPC).Benefiting from the porogenic effect of self-generated ZnS template,the modulation effect of N/S/P tri-doping,and auxiliary Zn sites for Fe sites,the optimized site microenvironment and efficient mass transfer channels are coupled in Zn/Fe-NSPC.Consequently,Zn/Fe-NSPC demonstrates excellent ORR performance in ampere-hour-scale zinc-air battery(ZAB)with a high capacity of 5.26 Ah at 1.0 A,and the further integrated ZAB pack delivers a peak power of 5.82 W.Comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterizations involving scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques and distribution of relaxation times analysis,reveal that the exceptional ORR properties of Zn/Fe-NSPC stem from the high site density(7.21×10^(19)site g^(-1) )and utilization(85.6%),high turnover frequency of1.51 e site^(-1)s^(-1)at 0.90 V,and rapid mass transfer.This work furnishes a promising method to optimize and evaluate siteactivity-utilization and mass transfer of electrocatalysts towards excellent electrochemical energy conversion properties.展开更多
Constructing ideal P-i-N-like network morphology and extending exciton diffusion length(L_(D))are considered bottleneck factors to further improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs).How...Constructing ideal P-i-N-like network morphology and extending exciton diffusion length(L_(D))are considered bottleneck factors to further improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs).However,simultaneous optimizations of the vertical phase separation morphology and L_(D)have rarely been reported.In this work,we apply a gradient thermal-annealing strategy to efficiently regulate the molecular stacking orientation and crystallinity of the polymer donor.The ordered molecular stacking significantly improves the exciton diffusion paths and enlarges the L_(D)from 19.47 nm(PM6-control)to 24.96 nm(PM6-target),enabling efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport.Moreover,the optimized crystallinity behavior inhibited PM6 film erosion from the upper acceptor solution.It ensured controlled donor-acceptor interpenetration,forming the desired pseudo planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure.Eventually,benefiting from the ideal vertical morphology and the prolonged L_(D),the printing PPHJ(target)device achieves an outstanding PCE of 18.20%with suppressed non-radiative recombination losses(0.212 eV)and enhanced fill factor(78.2%),which is one of the top values for the reported eco-friendly printing binary OPVs.This study demonstrates a simple but feasible method to further improve the performance of polymer solar cells.展开更多
Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs),which hold a transformative potential across fields from aerospace to wearable electronics,have been reported as superstrong fibers,while the fabrication of continuous fibers with excelle...Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs),which hold a transformative potential across fields from aerospace to wearable electronics,have been reported as superstrong fibers,while the fabrication of continuous fibers with excellent strength remains a challenge.Herein,we proposed a mixed carbon-source strategy that engineered carbon nanotube(CNT)aerogels with optimally aligned and controlled-entanglement CNT bundles,ensuring structural uniformity and enabling densification into highly oriented architectures via chlorosulfonic acid-assisted stretching,thus yielding continuous high-performance CNTFs.These continuous CNTFs exhibited superior tensile strength(4.10±0.17 N·tex^(-1),exceeding T1100),modulus(268±16 N·tex^(-1),1.4 times of T1100),thermal conductivity(400 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),over 30 times of T1100)and electrical conductivity(1480 S·m^(2)·kg^(-1)),along with exceptional flexibility indicated by knot-strength retention exceeding 45%.Comprehensive multi-point assessments confirmed that this method yielded a remarkable uniformity in both structural and functional properties across kilometer-scale lengths.These findings highlight the crucial role of nanotube alignment and interfacial engineering in enabling the scalable industrial implementation of high-performance CNTFs.展开更多
Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of in...Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of insulating and retrofitting of relatively old buildings is essential to enhance the thermal performance and hence contribute to energy and carbon emission reduction.There is a need to enhance people’s engagement and education in relation to such issues to inspire and encourage positive actions and investment from the public.This paper presents an approach of combining a novel training process using a low-cost infrared thermal camera with small scale building model to promote DIY(Do-It-Yourself)infrared survey for the public to evaluate the performance of their own homes in order to identify any issues related to insulation or air leaks from the building envelop to encourage them to take corrective actions.The work included the engagement of 50 people to survey their own homes to capture the technical findings as well as their personal reaction and feedback.The results show that 88%of participants have found the educational session helpful to understand the infrared thermography;and 92%have considered the infrared camera to be an effective tool to indicate location of heat losses.Additionally,90%of participants trust that the thermal camera has helped them to identify insulation defects that cause heat losses in their homes.Moreover,84%believe that the thermal imaging has convinced them to think more seriously about the heat losses of their homes and what they could do to improve that.The experimental thermography surveys have shown that many houses have limitations in terms of thermal insulation which have been identified by the participants.This DIY interaction has provided enhanced public engagement and energy awareness via the use of the technology.The financial issues are also found to be critical,as none of the participants would have done the survey if they had to pay for it.Hence,this paper provides a solution for households with limited budgets.展开更多
At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale pro...At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale production of high-quality PSC films.In this study,we successfully developed a strategy to improve the long-term stability of the precursor solution and improve device performance by employing 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium di-n-butyl phosphate(BMIMBP)as an anti-aging additive.The BP−component inhibits the reactivity of I−and formamidinium ion through multiple chemical bonds,thereby stabilizing the precursor solution.In addition,the BMIM+component,which contains an amino group,can form two-dimensional perovskite internally,further enhancing the device stability.This strategy provides valuable guidance for achieving long-term stability in solar cells.展开更多
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52333006)the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303232)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB20184)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373186)。
文摘Semi-transparent organic photovoltaics(ST-OPVs)have great potential for photovoltaic building integration and agricultural greenhouse energy.However,the mutually constraining relationship between average visible transmittance(AVT)and power conversion efficiency(PCE)remains a key issue of STOPVs.Herein,we innovatively applied a surface texturization strategy by integrating with a pseudo-planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure to fabricate ST-OPVs,which possess outstanding photoelectric conversion and light management capability.The textured active layer performs significantly improved light capture capability and reduced optical loss due to that the micro-patterned arrays can deflect incident light multiple times.Moreover,the surface texturization strategy can enhance the crystallinity of the active layer and precisely control donor/acceptor inter-penetration,which magnifies exciton dissociation interface and forms ordered carrier dynamics.Consequently,the textured opaque device via blade-coating performs a record PCE of 19.17%(certified 19.02%)and the semi-transparent device achieves one of the highest light utilization efficiency(LUE)of 5.54%with prominent PCE(14.40%)and AVT(38.43%).Most importantly,the excellent thermal insulation performance and color rendering index of ST-OPVs are fitting for the agricultural greenhouses and insulation roofing,which shows that the surface texturization strategy can provide promising application prospects for ST-OPVs in economically sustainable agricultural development.
文摘The multiscale hybrid-mixed(MHM)method is applied to the numerical approximation of two-dimensional matrix fluid flow in porous media with fractures.The two-dimensional fluid flow in the reservoir and the one-dimensional flow in the discrete fractures are approximated using mixed finite elements.The coupling of the two-dimensional matrix flow with the one-dimensional fracture flow is enforced using the pressure of the one-dimensional flow as a Lagrange multiplier to express the conservation of fluid transfer between the fracture flow and the divergence of the one-dimensional fracture flux.A zero-dimensional pressure(point element)is used to express conservation of mass where fractures intersect.The issuing simulation is then reduced using the MHM method leading to accurate results with a very reduced number of global equations.A general system was developed where fracture geometries and conductivities are specified in an input file and meshes are generated using the public domain mesh generator GMsh.Several test cases illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach by comparing the multiscale results with direct simulations.
文摘Objective. To report three cases of mycosis fungoides with milia formation in the regressing lesions. Patients and setting. Dermatology clinic of a university hospital (referral center). Three patients with mycosis fungoides with body sur face involvement of 10%in one case (stage IIb) and exceeding 30%in two cases ( stages IIb and III). All patients were treated with photochemotherapy and topica l nitrogen mustard ointment in a concentration of 0.01%. After approximately 3 months multiple milia erupted on regressing plaques. Results. The presence of mi lia was evident and was confirmed by histopathology. Regression of mycosis fungo ides was noted in these plaques both clinically and in comparison with the pretr eatment histologic appearance. Two of the patients showed a histological picture of follicular mucinosis. Conclusions. We do not know the significance of milia in mycosis fungoides (MF). However, we suggest that follicular rupture or a dege nerative process might result in milia formation.
文摘Generally,conventional methods for anomaly detection rely on clustering,proximity,or classification.With themassive growth in surveillance videos,outliers or anomalies find ingenious ways to obscure themselves in the network and make conventional techniques inefficient.This research explores the structure of Graph neural networks(GNNs)that generalize deep learning frameworks to graph-structured data.Every node in the graph structure is labeled and anomalies,represented by unlabeled nodes,are predicted by performing random walks on the node-based graph structures.Due to their strong learning abilities,GNNs gained popularity in various domains such as natural language processing,social network analytics and healthcare.Anomaly detection is a challenging task in computer vision but the proposed algorithm using GNNs efficiently performs the identification of anomalies.The Graph-based deep learning networks are designed to predict unknown objects and outliers.In our case,they detect unusual objects in the form of malicious nodes.The edges between nodes represent a relationship of nodes among each other.In case of anomaly,such as the bike rider in Pedestrians data,the rider node has a negative value for the edge and it is identified as an anomaly.The encoding and decoding layers are crucial for determining how statistical measurements affect anomaly identification and for correcting the graph path to the best possible outcome.Results show that the proposed framework is a step ahead of the traditional approaches in detecting unusual activities,which shows a huge potential in automatically monitoring surveillance videos.Performing autonomous monitoring of CCTV,crime control and damage or destruction by a group of people or crowd can be identified and alarms may be triggered in unusual activities in streets or public places.The suggested GNN model improves accuracy by 4%for the Pedestrian 2 dataset and 12%for the Pedestrian 1 dataset compared to a few state-of the-art techniques.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379061,22161029)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province in China(20232ACB203003,20242BAB20180)。
文摘Optimizing the active layer morphology by introducing a third component is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of organic solar cells(OSCs).Using dithieno[3,2-a:2′′,3′′-c]phenazine as the core,a nonfused-ring small molecule(PTBT-SC10)with a large difference in miscibility with the donor and acceptor was obtained by side chain engineering and alteration of theπ-bridge.PTBT-SC10 forms a good complementary absorption with the host donor and acceptor,and it has a cascade energy level arrangement with energy levels of the host materials.Grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS)and atomic force microscopy(AFM)measurements showed that the addition of only 5%mass fraction of PTBT-SC10 resulted in an optimized vertical phase separation morphology for the binary blend.As a result,the optimized PM6:BTP-eC9:PTBT-SC10 ternary OSCs obtained a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 19.1%,while the PCE based on the PM6:BTP-eC9 binary OSCs was only 17.7%.This study shows that the vertical phase separation structure of the binary active layer can be precisely tuned by adding only a small amount of the third component when the miscibility of the third component differs significantly from that of the host material.This provides a new strategy to minimize the generation of defect states in the ternary active layer and improve the photovoltaic performance of the device.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(12364013,52463021,52203311,22461142139)the Training Plan for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province(20243BCE51134)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB24002,20224ACB204007).
文摘Perovskite light-emitting diodes(PeLEDs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation photonics,owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties and scalable fabrication processes,particularly for flexible wearable electronics,intelligent lighting systems,and ultra-high-definition displays.This review comprehensively examines recent advancements in perovskite materials,device architectures,operational mechanisms,and optimization strategies for the functional layers of PeLEDs.Despite significant progress,the practical deployment of high-performance flexible PeLEDs(FPeLEDs)faces three major challenges:efficiency droop at high current densities,limited light extraction efficiency,and thermal management issues during operation.Future research efforts should focus on tackling these obstacles to improve the overall performance and reliability of FPeLEDs.This systematic overview aims to provide valuable insights and guidance for the development of FPeLED technology and its applications in emerging fields.
基金support from the National Key R&D Program of China:Strategic International Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE020940O)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373187,52573228)+1 种基金the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China,the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB204006)the"Double Thousand Plan"Science and Technology Innovation High-End Talent Project of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2023201094).
文摘Developing high-performance,durable,and cost-effective oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing next-generation energy devices like zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,we engineer a hybrid Fe-N-C catalyst(FeSA-Fe_(NP)/CeO_(2)@NC)integrating atomically dispersed Fe-Nx sites,Fe nanoparticles,and oxygen vacancy-rich CeO_(2) nanoparticles within a nitrogen-doped carbon matrix.Interfacial charge transfer and oxygen vacancy-mediated electron redistribution,synergistically enhanced by strong metal-support interactions(SMSI),optimize the electronic configuration of Fe-Nx sites and reduce their electron density.The resulting catalyst exhibits exceptional ORR activity and stability,featuring a half-wave potential of 0.925 V(vs.RHE)in alkaline media and minimal degradation(1%and 2.8%negative shifts after 10,000/20,000 cycles).In ZABs,it achieves a peak power density of 310.29 mW·cm-2 while sustaining stable operation for over 600 h.This work demonstrates dual role of CeO_(2) in enhancing activity and stability,establishing a design principle for high-performance electrocatalysts in energy conversion systems.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973087,52173170,22169012,51973032)the support from the Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2019201004)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212ACB203010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20212BAB204052)the support from the Graduate Innovation Funding of Nanchang University(YC2023-B015)。
文摘Enabling green-printed organic solar cells(OSCs)with high efficiency,stability and flexibility is significant to industrialization.In the green-printed process,the slow film-forming process always induces adverse crystallization kinetics with over-size aggregation.Besides,the unfavorable rheological property always leads to severe Marangoni effect and non-uniform morphology.Nowadays,optimization of rheological properties and crystallinity kinetics relies on external methods,but lacks an indepth understanding of the relationship between the green-printed process and intrinsic material characteristics.Herein,we employ a conjugation-extension strategy to realize the collaborative regulation of the rheological property and crystallization kinetics in green processing.The spin-coated device based on the new tetramer 4BTPOD(BTPOD:2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2'',3'':4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methaneylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile)achieves an outstanding efficiency of 18.49%for binary OSC and a top-level efficiency of 19.43%for ternary OSC.Furthermore,the rational conjugation extension strengthens the interchain interaction and prevents molecular rapid migration,thereby suppressing the over-size aggregation and Marangoni effect during the green-printed process.The resultant homogeneous film enables the first tetramer-based green-printed OSC with an outstanding efficiency of 17.57%.Moreover,the enhanced interchain entanglement endows OSCs with excellent photothermal stability and flexibility.This work provides a deep insight from intrinsic molecular characteristics into the optimization of rheological properties and crystallization kinetics for green-printed OSCs with high efficiency,stability and flexibility.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China: Strategic International lnnovation Cooperation (2024YFE0209400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (52402104 and 52373186)。
文摘The heavy p-doping effect and intrinsic defectsof tin-based perovskites are two major challenges, whichgreatly limit the device performance of tin-based perovskitesolar cells (PSCs). In this study, a novel n-type organic smallmolecule dopant, namely, NDI2HD-Br2, is proposed to sy-nergistically alleviate the intrinsic severe p-type self-dopingand passivate the Sn-related defects of tin-based perovskites.Specifically, the carbonyl groups (C=O) with high electrondensity in the NDI2HD-Br2 can donate additional electrons tothe perovskite band edge, resulting in the conversion of thetin-based perovskite from a p-type to a weak n-type semi-conductor (i.e., up-shifting the Fermi level by 0.15 eV). By thisway, we achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.01%with a high open-circuit voltage of 0.95 V for the tin-basedPSCs. Moreover, the NDI2HD-Br2 incorporated devices ex-hibit excellent long-term stability that maintains 81% of theinitial PCE after 1500 h of storage in a nitrogen environment.This study provides a new pathway to modulate electronicstructures and passivate intrinsic defects of tin-based per-ovskites for efficient and stable solar cells.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China:Strategic International Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE0209400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203083)+3 种基金Youth Science and Technology Top notch Talents Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education([2024]314)Guizhou Province Science and Technology Achievement Application and Industrialization Plan(Major Project)(2023-010)Guizhou Province Basic Research Program(ZK[2024]078)Specific Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou University(X2022009).
文摘Irreversible Zn plating/stripping and uncontrollable interface micro-environment fluctuation induced by competitive side reactions in the electrical double layer limit the reversibility of aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).Here,we propose the molecule-adsorption-induced interface micro-environment regulating the electrical double layer(EDL)to stabilize Zn electrode/electrolyte interface electrochemistry by adding the Ellagic acid(Ea)electrolyte.Specially,the preferential adsorption of Ea on the Zn(002)facet creates a unique physical barrier interface on the Zn surface via the strong interaction between the Ea molecule and Zn anode.The Ea-molecule-induced adsorption layer could simultaneously act as a H_(2)O/H^(+)-shielding interphase for suppressing side reactions and promoting homogeneous Zn^(2+)transport for compact Zn(002)deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetric cells demonstrated outstanding lifespans that cycled over 300 h under the periodic changes of current densities from 1 to 20 mA cm^(-2),and the Zn//Cu half cell delivered high Coulombic efficiency(99.53%)during 1000 cycles at 5 mA cm^(-2) with 1 mAh cm^(-2).Furthermore,the Zn//MnO_(2) full cells preserved 72.9%capacity even after 2000 cycles at 2 A g^(-1).This strategy opens a unique understanding of the relationship between electrical double layer regulation and highly efficient AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China:Strategic International Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE0209400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52222312,52173169,22461142139,52263027,22379060,52203311,and 52463021)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20231ZDH04036,20224ACB204007).
文摘In the contemporary preparation of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the prevalent issue of hole transport layers(HTLs)materials is frequently incompatible with large-area deposition techniques.As the area increases,this results in nonuniform preparation of the HTLs,which significantly reduces the efficiency and reliability of the device at the module level.To tackle this significant challenge,we propose a strategy for a dual-fiber network structure based on polymer HTLs.This strategy involves the use of organic solar cell polymer donor material(PM6)and poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT),which are spontaneously interwoven into micronsized fiber crystals to establish efficient carrier transport channels.This unique structure not only accelerates charge extraction but also takes advantage of the inherent benefits of polymers,such as excellent printability and homogeneous film formation while enhancing the protection of the perovskite layers.The resulting devices demonstrate a VOC of 1.18 V and a champion PCE of 24.90%,which is higher than the pristine devices(the PCE is 22.87%).Moreover,due to the improved printing characteristics,the PSMs prepared by blade-coating also demonstrate a high PCE of 15.15%within an aperture area of 100 cm^(2).Additionally,this strategy significantly improves the operational stability,thermal stability,and humidity stability of the devices.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China:Strategic International Innovation Cooperation(2024YFE0209400)the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52373187)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB204006)
文摘The site activity,utilization,and mass transfer of single-atom catalysts(SACs)significantly influence oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)performance.However,optimizing and deeply evaluating their contributions to catalytic activity is challenging since the inherent interdependencies and trade-offs.Herein,a self-generating template tactic is proposed to fabricate N/S/P tri-doped hierarchical porous SACs with binary Zn/Fe isolated sites(Zn/Fe-NSPC).Benefiting from the porogenic effect of self-generated ZnS template,the modulation effect of N/S/P tri-doping,and auxiliary Zn sites for Fe sites,the optimized site microenvironment and efficient mass transfer channels are coupled in Zn/Fe-NSPC.Consequently,Zn/Fe-NSPC demonstrates excellent ORR performance in ampere-hour-scale zinc-air battery(ZAB)with a high capacity of 5.26 Ah at 1.0 A,and the further integrated ZAB pack delivers a peak power of 5.82 W.Comprehensive structural and electrochemical characterizations involving scanning electrochemical microscopy techniques and distribution of relaxation times analysis,reveal that the exceptional ORR properties of Zn/Fe-NSPC stem from the high site density(7.21×10^(19)site g^(-1) )and utilization(85.6%),high turnover frequency of1.51 e site^(-1)s^(-1)at 0.90 V,and rapid mass transfer.This work furnishes a promising method to optimize and evaluate siteactivity-utilization and mass transfer of electrocatalysts towards excellent electrochemical energy conversion properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52333006 and 52303232)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20242BAB20184)+1 种基金Graduate Innovation Fund of Jiangxi Province(YC2024-S267)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515110160).
文摘Constructing ideal P-i-N-like network morphology and extending exciton diffusion length(L_(D))are considered bottleneck factors to further improve the power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic photovoltaics(OPVs).However,simultaneous optimizations of the vertical phase separation morphology and L_(D)have rarely been reported.In this work,we apply a gradient thermal-annealing strategy to efficiently regulate the molecular stacking orientation and crystallinity of the polymer donor.The ordered molecular stacking significantly improves the exciton diffusion paths and enlarges the L_(D)from 19.47 nm(PM6-control)to 24.96 nm(PM6-target),enabling efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport.Moreover,the optimized crystallinity behavior inhibited PM6 film erosion from the upper acceptor solution.It ensured controlled donor-acceptor interpenetration,forming the desired pseudo planar heterojunction(PPHJ)structure.Eventually,benefiting from the ideal vertical morphology and the prolonged L_(D),the printing PPHJ(target)device achieves an outstanding PCE of 18.20%with suppressed non-radiative recombination losses(0.212 eV)and enhanced fill factor(78.2%),which is one of the top values for the reported eco-friendly printing binary OPVs.This study demonstrates a simple but feasible method to further improve the performance of polymer solar cells.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1203304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272081,52162007,and 52163032)+1 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbonene Materials(No.2024SSY05101)Jiangxi Province Talent Team Plan(No.20243BCE51008).
文摘Carbon nanotube fibers(CNTFs),which hold a transformative potential across fields from aerospace to wearable electronics,have been reported as superstrong fibers,while the fabrication of continuous fibers with excellent strength remains a challenge.Herein,we proposed a mixed carbon-source strategy that engineered carbon nanotube(CNT)aerogels with optimally aligned and controlled-entanglement CNT bundles,ensuring structural uniformity and enabling densification into highly oriented architectures via chlorosulfonic acid-assisted stretching,thus yielding continuous high-performance CNTFs.These continuous CNTFs exhibited superior tensile strength(4.10±0.17 N·tex^(-1),exceeding T1100),modulus(268±16 N·tex^(-1),1.4 times of T1100),thermal conductivity(400 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),over 30 times of T1100)and electrical conductivity(1480 S·m^(2)·kg^(-1)),along with exceptional flexibility indicated by knot-strength retention exceeding 45%.Comprehensive multi-point assessments confirmed that this method yielded a remarkable uniformity in both structural and functional properties across kilometer-scale lengths.These findings highlight the crucial role of nanotube alignment and interfacial engineering in enabling the scalable industrial implementation of high-performance CNTFs.
文摘Energy consumption in urban environment in the EU accounts for about 40%of the total energy consumption,and the majority of this energy is utilised for heating and air conditioning of buildings.Hence the process of insulating and retrofitting of relatively old buildings is essential to enhance the thermal performance and hence contribute to energy and carbon emission reduction.There is a need to enhance people’s engagement and education in relation to such issues to inspire and encourage positive actions and investment from the public.This paper presents an approach of combining a novel training process using a low-cost infrared thermal camera with small scale building model to promote DIY(Do-It-Yourself)infrared survey for the public to evaluate the performance of their own homes in order to identify any issues related to insulation or air leaks from the building envelop to encourage them to take corrective actions.The work included the engagement of 50 people to survey their own homes to capture the technical findings as well as their personal reaction and feedback.The results show that 88%of participants have found the educational session helpful to understand the infrared thermography;and 92%have considered the infrared camera to be an effective tool to indicate location of heat losses.Additionally,90%of participants trust that the thermal camera has helped them to identify insulation defects that cause heat losses in their homes.Moreover,84%believe that the thermal imaging has convinced them to think more seriously about the heat losses of their homes and what they could do to improve that.The experimental thermography surveys have shown that many houses have limitations in terms of thermal insulation which have been identified by the participants.This DIY interaction has provided enhanced public engagement and energy awareness via the use of the technology.The financial issues are also found to be critical,as none of the participants would have done the survey if they had to pay for it.Hence,this paper provides a solution for households with limited budgets.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U20A20128,52163019 and 51963016)the support from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20224ACB214006 and 20232ACB204005)。
文摘At present,the development of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)is progressing rapidly,but the issue of poor stability remains a significant challenge.Achieving a stable precursor solution is crucial for the large-scale production of high-quality PSC films.In this study,we successfully developed a strategy to improve the long-term stability of the precursor solution and improve device performance by employing 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium di-n-butyl phosphate(BMIMBP)as an anti-aging additive.The BP−component inhibits the reactivity of I−and formamidinium ion through multiple chemical bonds,thereby stabilizing the precursor solution.In addition,the BMIM+component,which contains an amino group,can form two-dimensional perovskite internally,further enhancing the device stability.This strategy provides valuable guidance for achieving long-term stability in solar cells.
