Background Digital Twins are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of industries to manage complex systems.As digital twins become more sophisticated,there is an increased need for effective training and learning...Background Digital Twins are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of industries to manage complex systems.As digital twins become more sophisticated,there is an increased need for effective training and learning systems.Teachers,project leaders,and tool vendors encounter challenges while teaching and training their students,co-workers,and users.Methods In this study,we propose a new method for training users in using digital twins by proposing a gamified and virtual environment.We present an overall architecture and discuss its practical realization.Results We propose a set of future challenges that we consider critical to enabling a more effective learning/training approach.展开更多
Innovative label-free microspectroscopy,which can simultaneously collect Brillouin and Raman signals,is used to characterize the viscoelastic properties and chemical composition of living cells with sub-micrometric re...Innovative label-free microspectroscopy,which can simultaneously collect Brillouin and Raman signals,is used to characterize the viscoelastic properties and chemical composition of living cells with sub-micrometric resolution.The unprecedented statistical accuracy of the data combined with the high-frequency resolution and the high contrast of the recently built experimental setup permits the study of single living cells immersed in their buffer solution by contactless measurements.The Brillouin signal is deconvoluted in the buffer and the cell components,thereby revealing the mechanical heterogeneity inside the cell.In particular,a 20%increase is observed in the elastic modulus passing from the plasmatic membrane to the nucleus as distinguished by comparison with the Raman spectroscopic marker.Brillouin line shape analysis is even more relevant for the comparison of cells under physiological and pathological conditions.Following oncogene expression,cells show an overall reduction in the elastic modulus(15%)and apparent viscosity(50%).In a proof-of-principle experiment,the ability of this spectroscopic technique to characterize subcellular compartments and distinguish cell status was successfully tested.The results strongly support the future application of this technique for fundamental issues in the biomedical field.展开更多
The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete c...The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete community. We offer evidence that relationships and behavior co-evolve in a student dormitory, based on monthly surveys and location tracking through resident cellular phones over a period of nine months. We demonstrate that a Markov jump process could capture the co-evolution in terms of the rates at which resi- dents visit places and friends. Our co-evolution model will be useful in bridging sensor networks data and organizational dynamics theories, simulating different ways to shape behavior and relationships, and turning mobile phone data into data products.展开更多
The design,analysis,fabrication,and characterization of two distinct MEMS rotational structures are provided;these structures include a classical symmetrical lancet structure and a novel symmetrical C-shaped structure...The design,analysis,fabrication,and characterization of two distinct MEMS rotational structures are provided;these structures include a classical symmetrical lancet structure and a novel symmetrical C-shaped structure provided with a tilted arm,and both are actuated by thermal actuators.Our proposed C-shaped structure implemented a curved beam mechanism to enhance the movement delivered by the thermal actuators.The geometrical parameters of our proposed device were optimized using the design of experiment(DOE)method.Furthermore,the analytical modeling based on Castigliano’s second theorem and the simulations based on the finite element method(FEM)were used to predict the behavior of the symmetrical C-shaped structure;the results were in good agreement with each other.The MEMS-based rotational structures were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator(SOI)wafers using bulk micromachining technology and deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)processes.The fabricated devices underwent experimental characterization;our results showed that our proposed MEMS rotational structure exhibited a 28%improvement in the delivered displacement compared to the symmetrical lancet structure.Furthermore,the experimental results showed good agreement with those obtained from numerical analysis.Our proposed structures have potential applications in a variety of MEMS devices,including accelerometers,gyroscopes,and resonators,due to their ability to maximize displacement and thus enhance sensitivity.展开更多
Aim:This study aimed to compare mini-invasive liver resection(MILR)(laparoscopic/robotic approach)and open liver resection(OLR)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in elderly patients with regard to clinical and oncologic...Aim:This study aimed to compare mini-invasive liver resection(MILR)(laparoscopic/robotic approach)and open liver resection(OLR)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in elderly patients with regard to clinical and oncological outcomes through a comprehensive systematic review.Methods:The MEDLINE and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched from 2009 to December 2019 to identify relevant English written studies comparing MILR and OLR.The main endpoints were Child-Pugh score,serum total bilirubin level,comorbidity,presence/absence of cirrhosis,minor/major resection,challenge segment approach,operative time,estimated intraoperative blood loss,liver failure rate,morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification,length of hospital stay(LOS),postoperative mortality,number of lesions,tumor size,readmission rate,recurrence rate and survival at 1,3 and 5 years after operation.Meta-analyses provided pooled relative risks and mean differences for these outcomes.Cut-off for"elderly age"was set at 65 years old.Results:Eight studies that evaluated 3051 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC,with 950 undergoing MILR and 2101 OLR,were included after the screening process.Blood loss,morbidity,and LOS showed statistical significance in favor of MILR.In particular,with respect to OLR,MILR decreased on average blood loss by 161.43 mL(95%CI:250.24-72.61),risk of morbidity by 42%(P<0.01),LOS by 4 days(95%CI:7-2),postoperative mortality risk by 47%(although not significantly,P=0.06).Major resections were significantly more common in the OLR group(P<0.0001).Recurrence,although not significant(P=0.06),must also be emphasized.The two surgical approaches were comparable with regard to the other outcomes investigated.Conclusion:Meta-analyses confirmed the advantages of MILR in terms of short perioperative outcomes,where it may promote the extension of liver resection to HCC patients with borderline liver function.MILR may be considered an important treatment option with significant benefits in the elderly and fragile patients.However,large well-designed prospective comparative studies or randomized controlled trials would be necessary to further confirm our conclusions.展开更多
文摘Background Digital Twins are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of industries to manage complex systems.As digital twins become more sophisticated,there is an increased need for effective training and learning systems.Teachers,project leaders,and tool vendors encounter challenges while teaching and training their students,co-workers,and users.Methods In this study,we propose a new method for training users in using digital twins by proposing a gamified and virtual environment.We present an overall architecture and discuss its practical realization.Results We propose a set of future challenges that we consider critical to enabling a more effective learning/training approach.
基金PAT(Autonomous Province of Trento)(GP/PAT/2012)‘Grandi Progetti 2012’Project‘MaDEleNA’the European Commission under the EU Horizon 2020 Programme Grant Agreement No:644852,PROTEUSfinancial support from Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali.
文摘Innovative label-free microspectroscopy,which can simultaneously collect Brillouin and Raman signals,is used to characterize the viscoelastic properties and chemical composition of living cells with sub-micrometric resolution.The unprecedented statistical accuracy of the data combined with the high-frequency resolution and the high contrast of the recently built experimental setup permits the study of single living cells immersed in their buffer solution by contactless measurements.The Brillouin signal is deconvoluted in the buffer and the cell components,thereby revealing the mechanical heterogeneity inside the cell.In particular,a 20%increase is observed in the elastic modulus passing from the plasmatic membrane to the nucleus as distinguished by comparison with the Raman spectroscopic marker.Brillouin line shape analysis is even more relevant for the comparison of cells under physiological and pathological conditions.Following oncogene expression,cells show an overall reduction in the elastic modulus(15%)and apparent viscosity(50%).In a proof-of-principle experiment,the ability of this spectroscopic technique to characterize subcellular compartments and distinguish cell status was successfully tested.The results strongly support the future application of this technique for fundamental issues in the biomedical field.
基金Supported by the Army Research Laboratory of USA (No.W911NF-09-2-0053)Air Force Office of Scientific Research of USA (No.FA9550-10-1-0122)Bruno Lepri's research is funded by PERSI project inside the Marie Curie Cofund 7th Framework
文摘The co-evolution of social relationships and individual behavior in time and space has important implications, but is poorly understood because of the difficulty of closely tracking the everyday life of a com- plete community. We offer evidence that relationships and behavior co-evolve in a student dormitory, based on monthly surveys and location tracking through resident cellular phones over a period of nine months. We demonstrate that a Markov jump process could capture the co-evolution in terms of the rates at which resi- dents visit places and friends. Our co-evolution model will be useful in bridging sensor networks data and organizational dynamics theories, simulating different ways to shape behavior and relationships, and turning mobile phone data into data products.
基金supported by the project“MONolithic STRain Engineering platform for TWO-Dimensional materials(MONSTRE 2D)”funded by the MIUR Progetti di Ricerca di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale(PRIN)Bando 2017-grant 2017 Prot.2017KFMJ8E.
文摘The design,analysis,fabrication,and characterization of two distinct MEMS rotational structures are provided;these structures include a classical symmetrical lancet structure and a novel symmetrical C-shaped structure provided with a tilted arm,and both are actuated by thermal actuators.Our proposed C-shaped structure implemented a curved beam mechanism to enhance the movement delivered by the thermal actuators.The geometrical parameters of our proposed device were optimized using the design of experiment(DOE)method.Furthermore,the analytical modeling based on Castigliano’s second theorem and the simulations based on the finite element method(FEM)were used to predict the behavior of the symmetrical C-shaped structure;the results were in good agreement with each other.The MEMS-based rotational structures were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator(SOI)wafers using bulk micromachining technology and deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)processes.The fabricated devices underwent experimental characterization;our results showed that our proposed MEMS rotational structure exhibited a 28%improvement in the delivered displacement compared to the symmetrical lancet structure.Furthermore,the experimental results showed good agreement with those obtained from numerical analysis.Our proposed structures have potential applications in a variety of MEMS devices,including accelerometers,gyroscopes,and resonators,due to their ability to maximize displacement and thus enhance sensitivity.
文摘Aim:This study aimed to compare mini-invasive liver resection(MILR)(laparoscopic/robotic approach)and open liver resection(OLR)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in elderly patients with regard to clinical and oncological outcomes through a comprehensive systematic review.Methods:The MEDLINE and Cochrane Library electronic databases were systematically searched from 2009 to December 2019 to identify relevant English written studies comparing MILR and OLR.The main endpoints were Child-Pugh score,serum total bilirubin level,comorbidity,presence/absence of cirrhosis,minor/major resection,challenge segment approach,operative time,estimated intraoperative blood loss,liver failure rate,morbidity according to the Clavien-Dindo classification,length of hospital stay(LOS),postoperative mortality,number of lesions,tumor size,readmission rate,recurrence rate and survival at 1,3 and 5 years after operation.Meta-analyses provided pooled relative risks and mean differences for these outcomes.Cut-off for"elderly age"was set at 65 years old.Results:Eight studies that evaluated 3051 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC,with 950 undergoing MILR and 2101 OLR,were included after the screening process.Blood loss,morbidity,and LOS showed statistical significance in favor of MILR.In particular,with respect to OLR,MILR decreased on average blood loss by 161.43 mL(95%CI:250.24-72.61),risk of morbidity by 42%(P<0.01),LOS by 4 days(95%CI:7-2),postoperative mortality risk by 47%(although not significantly,P=0.06).Major resections were significantly more common in the OLR group(P<0.0001).Recurrence,although not significant(P=0.06),must also be emphasized.The two surgical approaches were comparable with regard to the other outcomes investigated.Conclusion:Meta-analyses confirmed the advantages of MILR in terms of short perioperative outcomes,where it may promote the extension of liver resection to HCC patients with borderline liver function.MILR may be considered an important treatment option with significant benefits in the elderly and fragile patients.However,large well-designed prospective comparative studies or randomized controlled trials would be necessary to further confirm our conclusions.
