The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone(also known as the Main Mantle Thrust)in northern Pakistan.This section,thrust onto the continental ma...The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone(also known as the Main Mantle Thrust)in northern Pakistan.This section,thrust onto the continental margin between the Indian and Karakoram(Asian)plates,is predominantly composed of depleted harzburgites,dunites and chromitites.In this study,we conducted a thorough analysis of mineralogy,whole-rock geochemistry(major oxides,trace elements,PGE),and integrated Re-Os isotopic data from mantle-derived peridotites to understand their petrogenesis and melt evolution.These peridotites exhibit a depleted nature,characterized by a low modal composition of clinopyroxene,a wide forsterite content range in olivine(86.5 to 95.2),and a large variation in Cr#values(25.1–91.4).Their diverse whole-rock geochemistry further suggests varying degrees of partial melting.The Cpx-harzburgites show high average Al_(2)O_(3)(1.83 wt.%),CaO(2.27 wt.%),ΣREE(12.9 ppb),and^(187)Os/^(188)Os values between 0.13095 and 0.12571.On the other hand,the depleted harzburgites and dunites exhibit lower average Al_(2)O_(3)(0.57 wt.%and 0.14 wt.%,respectively),CaO concentration(0.59 wt.%and 0.21 wt.%,respectively),and∑REE concentrations,measured at 12.7 ppb and 8.9 ppb,respectively.The^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratios in the depleted harzburgites and dunites range from 0.12643 to 0.11777,indicating they are less radiogenic compared to the Cpx-harzburgites.The spoon-shaped rare earth elements(REE)patterns suggest that the Cpx-harzburgites underwent low degrees of partial melting(∼10%–15%),whereas the depleted harzburgites and dunites indicate somewhat higher degrees of partial melting(additional melting of the Cpx-harzburgites).The PGE abundances in these depleted harzburgites and dunites are linked to the partial melting of Cpx-harzburgites,resulting in a boninitic-like melt.Their low degree of melting and melt extraction suggests that Cpx-harzburgites initially formed at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR)spreading center or a distal fore-arc basin.In contrast,the depleted harzburgites and dunites were formed during a second phase of melting,followed by refertilization,closely associated with a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)setting.The Re-Os isotopic systematics of the Shangla Complex peridotites reveal model age clusters of ca.250 Ma and ca.450 Ma,potentially corresponding to significant tectonic events in the geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan,Rheic,and Proto-Tethyan oceans.展开更多
Plant diseases are a major cause of degraded fruit quality andyield losses. These losses can be significantly reduced with early detection ofdiseases to ensure their timely treatment, particularly in developing countr...Plant diseases are a major cause of degraded fruit quality andyield losses. These losses can be significantly reduced with early detection ofdiseases to ensure their timely treatment, particularly in developing countries.In this regard, an expert system based on deep learning model where the expertknowledge, particularly the one acquired by plant pathologist, is recursivelylearned by the system and is applied using a smart phone application for use inthe target field environment, is being proposed. In this paper, a robust diseasedetection method is developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN),where its powerful features extraction capabilities are leveraged to detectdiseases in images of fruits and leaves. The features extraction pipelines ofseveral state-of-the-art pretrained networks are fine-tuned to achieve optimaldetection performance. A novel dataset is collected from peach orchards andextensively augmented using both label-preserving and non-label-preservingtransformations. The augmented dataset is used to study the effects of finetuning the pretrained networks’ feature extraction pipeline as opposed tokeeping the network parameters unchanged. The CNN models, particularlyEfficientNet exhibited superior performance on the target dataset once theirfeature extraction pipelines are fine-tuned. The optimal model is able toachieve 96.6% average accuracy, 90% sensitivity and precision, and 98%specificity on the test set of images.展开更多
Smart healthcare integrates an advanced wave of information technology using smart devices to collect health-related medical science data.Such data usually exist in unstructured,noisy,incomplete,and heterogeneous form...Smart healthcare integrates an advanced wave of information technology using smart devices to collect health-related medical science data.Such data usually exist in unstructured,noisy,incomplete,and heterogeneous forms.Annotating these limitations remains an open challenge in deep learning to classify health conditions.In this paper,a long short-term memory(LSTM)based health condition prediction framework is proposed to rectify imbalanced and noisy data and transform it into a useful form to predict accurate health conditions.The imbalanced and scarce data is normalized through coding to gain consistency for accurate results using synthetic minority oversampling technique.The proposed model is optimized and ne-tuned in an end to end manner to select ideal parameters using tree parzen estimator to build a probabilistic model.The patient’s medication is pigeonholed to plot the diabetic condition’s risk factor through an algorithm to classify blood glucose metrics using a modern surveillance error grid method.The proposed model can efciently train,validate,and test noisy data by obtaining consistent results around 90%over the state of the art machine and deep learning techniques and overcoming the insufciency in training data through transfer learning.The overall results of the proposed model are further tested with secondary datasets to verify model sustainability.展开更多
By using the basic(or q)-Calculus many subclasses of analytic and univalent functions have been generalized and studied from different viewpoints and perspectives.In this paper,we aim to define certain new subclasses ...By using the basic(or q)-Calculus many subclasses of analytic and univalent functions have been generalized and studied from different viewpoints and perspectives.In this paper,we aim to define certain new subclasses of an analytic function.We then give necessary and sufficient conditions for each of the defined function classes.We also study necessary and sufficient conditions for a function whose coefficients are probabilities of q-Poisson distribution.To validate our results,some known consequences are also given in the form of Remarks and Corollaries.展开更多
The putative Jambil meta-carbonatites of Swat,northern Pakistan,occur as discrete intrusions into the Proterozoic Manglaur Formation,which are difficult to be distinguished from nearby calc-silicate marble because bot...The putative Jambil meta-carbonatites of Swat,northern Pakistan,occur as discrete intrusions into the Proterozoic Manglaur Formation,which are difficult to be distinguished from nearby calc-silicate marble because both rock types experienced regional metamorphism during Himalayan orogenesis that resulted in similar mosaic textures and mineral assemblages.Carbonatites are often significant repositories of economic mineral resources and,therefore,are important to be distinguished from calc-silicate marble.We present new geochemical and geochronology data to distinguish between the two rock types and interpret the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Jambil metacarbonatites.Whole rock chemical data from the Jambil meta-carbonatites show characteristically high rare earth element(REE),Sr contents and lack of negative Eu anomaly,consistent with average calcio-carbonatite values worldwide and an igneous origin.More than 0.5 wt.% SrO in the metacarbonatites and SrO> 0.15 wt.% in constituent rock forming calcite are discriminating signatures of the Jambil meta-carbonatites.Chemically,the Jambil meta-carbonatites are relatively depleted in Rb,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr and Hf,relatively enriched in Ba,Th,Sr,and have a high LREE/HREE ratio when normalized to primitive mantle.Their carbon and oxygen isotope compositions vary from-3.5‰ to-4.3‰and from 9.7‰ to 12.3‰,respectively.These geochemical characteristics indicate generation of the carbonatites through small degree of partial melting from a carbonated eclogitic source.In-situ,U/Pb analysis of titanite indicates that the Jambil meta-carbonatites were emplacement at 438 ±3 Ma.When combined with regional geological observations,we interpret the emplacement of the Jambil metacarbonatites to have taken place during the Silurian back arc extension within greater Gondwana and mark a transition from a compressional tectonic regime,brought about by collision of microcontinental blocks along the northern margin of Gondwana,to post-orogenic extension in the waning stages of the pre-Himalayan Ordovician orogeny.Finally,in-situ ^(208)Pb/^(232)Th monazite dates(40.3-27.6Ma) extracted from the meta-carbonatites are consistent with the Cenozoic metamorphism of the area.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to deliver a better perception of the project success,and how reporting system might increase the probability of project success in construction projects in UAE.Further,it aims at explorin...The purpose of this paper is to deliver a better perception of the project success,and how reporting system might increase the probability of project success in construction projects in UAE.Further,it aims at exploring the relationship between effective reporting system in terms of the characteristic of its outputs(mainly effectiveness of financial reporting system)and project success.Semi-structured interviews with a number of interior auditors,accountants,and chief financial officers(CFOs)from different corporations in construction sector in UAE in order to recognize how effective reporting system in terms of the characteristic of its outputs(broad scope,timeliness,aggregation,and integration)might contribute to increase the probability of project success.There are several success factors in construction projects in UAE,thus it is very hard to capture all these factors in one paper.Hence,this paper is not considering all project success factors rather it focuses on the characteristic of outputs of the reporting system generally and the financial reporting system particularly(broad scope,timeliness,aggregation,and integration),as most of the studies in the literature considered the reporting system as a key factor of project success.This paper adds to both project management and accounting research by evidencing results from an exploration how effective reporting might impact the project success,with valuable implications for standard officials,customers,investors,stakeholders,sponsors,shareholders,CFOs,project developer,consultants,internal auditors,and accounting academics.The effective reporting system in United Arab Emirates(UAE)construction projects enables possessors,customers,and contractors of projects to get timely information about the progress of project in a brief and significant format which in turn improve the decision-making process and contribute to project success.This paper implies a contribution for both project management literature and accounting research by investigative the effectiveness of reporting system in project successes from historical point of view and contemporary point of view.展开更多
The present study has been carried out to determine the chromian spinel and platinum group elements(PGEs)geochemistry of podiform chromitites of Dargai Complex which provides significant information regarding the mant...The present study has been carried out to determine the chromian spinel and platinum group elements(PGEs)geochemistry of podiform chromitites of Dargai Complex which provides significant information regarding the mantlecrust transition zone(MTZ)to mantle section during the emplacement and genesis of ophiolitic complexes.The mineral chemistry and platinum group elements(PGEs)were analysed using the Electron Probe Micro Analyzer(EPMA)and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).Chromian spinels in the high-Cr chromitites(Cr#>60),harzburgite and mantle dunites have much higher Cr#values in the range of 78.4 to 81.9,72.2 to 77.5 and 79.8 to 82.6,respectively.However,the chromian spinels in the high-Al chromitites(Cr#<60)and MTZ dunites have much lower Cr#values in the range of 47.5 to 52.9 and 46.7 to 49.4,respectively.Based on behaviours of PGEs,the chemical differences are reflected in these two types of chromitites.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021RC4055)Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring,during the Postdoctoral research of the first author(Zaheen Ullah,Assistant Professor,University of Swat,Pakistan)at the Central South University,Changsha,China.
文摘The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone(also known as the Main Mantle Thrust)in northern Pakistan.This section,thrust onto the continental margin between the Indian and Karakoram(Asian)plates,is predominantly composed of depleted harzburgites,dunites and chromitites.In this study,we conducted a thorough analysis of mineralogy,whole-rock geochemistry(major oxides,trace elements,PGE),and integrated Re-Os isotopic data from mantle-derived peridotites to understand their petrogenesis and melt evolution.These peridotites exhibit a depleted nature,characterized by a low modal composition of clinopyroxene,a wide forsterite content range in olivine(86.5 to 95.2),and a large variation in Cr#values(25.1–91.4).Their diverse whole-rock geochemistry further suggests varying degrees of partial melting.The Cpx-harzburgites show high average Al_(2)O_(3)(1.83 wt.%),CaO(2.27 wt.%),ΣREE(12.9 ppb),and^(187)Os/^(188)Os values between 0.13095 and 0.12571.On the other hand,the depleted harzburgites and dunites exhibit lower average Al_(2)O_(3)(0.57 wt.%and 0.14 wt.%,respectively),CaO concentration(0.59 wt.%and 0.21 wt.%,respectively),and∑REE concentrations,measured at 12.7 ppb and 8.9 ppb,respectively.The^(187)Os/^(188)Os ratios in the depleted harzburgites and dunites range from 0.12643 to 0.11777,indicating they are less radiogenic compared to the Cpx-harzburgites.The spoon-shaped rare earth elements(REE)patterns suggest that the Cpx-harzburgites underwent low degrees of partial melting(∼10%–15%),whereas the depleted harzburgites and dunites indicate somewhat higher degrees of partial melting(additional melting of the Cpx-harzburgites).The PGE abundances in these depleted harzburgites and dunites are linked to the partial melting of Cpx-harzburgites,resulting in a boninitic-like melt.Their low degree of melting and melt extraction suggests that Cpx-harzburgites initially formed at a mid-ocean ridge(MOR)spreading center or a distal fore-arc basin.In contrast,the depleted harzburgites and dunites were formed during a second phase of melting,followed by refertilization,closely associated with a supra-subduction zone(SSZ)setting.The Re-Os isotopic systematics of the Shangla Complex peridotites reveal model age clusters of ca.250 Ma and ca.450 Ma,potentially corresponding to significant tectonic events in the geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan,Rheic,and Proto-Tethyan oceans.
文摘Plant diseases are a major cause of degraded fruit quality andyield losses. These losses can be significantly reduced with early detection ofdiseases to ensure their timely treatment, particularly in developing countries.In this regard, an expert system based on deep learning model where the expertknowledge, particularly the one acquired by plant pathologist, is recursivelylearned by the system and is applied using a smart phone application for use inthe target field environment, is being proposed. In this paper, a robust diseasedetection method is developed based on convolutional neural network (CNN),where its powerful features extraction capabilities are leveraged to detectdiseases in images of fruits and leaves. The features extraction pipelines ofseveral state-of-the-art pretrained networks are fine-tuned to achieve optimaldetection performance. A novel dataset is collected from peach orchards andextensively augmented using both label-preserving and non-label-preservingtransformations. The augmented dataset is used to study the effects of finetuning the pretrained networks’ feature extraction pipeline as opposed tokeeping the network parameters unchanged. The CNN models, particularlyEfficientNet exhibited superior performance on the target dataset once theirfeature extraction pipelines are fine-tuned. The optimal model is able toachieve 96.6% average accuracy, 90% sensitivity and precision, and 98%specificity on the test set of images.
基金supported by Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2020/87),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Smart healthcare integrates an advanced wave of information technology using smart devices to collect health-related medical science data.Such data usually exist in unstructured,noisy,incomplete,and heterogeneous forms.Annotating these limitations remains an open challenge in deep learning to classify health conditions.In this paper,a long short-term memory(LSTM)based health condition prediction framework is proposed to rectify imbalanced and noisy data and transform it into a useful form to predict accurate health conditions.The imbalanced and scarce data is normalized through coding to gain consistency for accurate results using synthetic minority oversampling technique.The proposed model is optimized and ne-tuned in an end to end manner to select ideal parameters using tree parzen estimator to build a probabilistic model.The patient’s medication is pigeonholed to plot the diabetic condition’s risk factor through an algorithm to classify blood glucose metrics using a modern surveillance error grid method.The proposed model can efciently train,validate,and test noisy data by obtaining consistent results around 90%over the state of the art machine and deep learning techniques and overcoming the insufciency in training data through transfer learning.The overall results of the proposed model are further tested with secondary datasets to verify model sustainability.
文摘By using the basic(or q)-Calculus many subclasses of analytic and univalent functions have been generalized and studied from different viewpoints and perspectives.In this paper,we aim to define certain new subclasses of an analytic function.We then give necessary and sufficient conditions for each of the defined function classes.We also study necessary and sufficient conditions for a function whose coefficients are probabilities of q-Poisson distribution.To validate our results,some known consequences are also given in the form of Remarks and Corollaries.
基金financial support from the National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan。
文摘The putative Jambil meta-carbonatites of Swat,northern Pakistan,occur as discrete intrusions into the Proterozoic Manglaur Formation,which are difficult to be distinguished from nearby calc-silicate marble because both rock types experienced regional metamorphism during Himalayan orogenesis that resulted in similar mosaic textures and mineral assemblages.Carbonatites are often significant repositories of economic mineral resources and,therefore,are important to be distinguished from calc-silicate marble.We present new geochemical and geochronology data to distinguish between the two rock types and interpret the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the Jambil metacarbonatites.Whole rock chemical data from the Jambil meta-carbonatites show characteristically high rare earth element(REE),Sr contents and lack of negative Eu anomaly,consistent with average calcio-carbonatite values worldwide and an igneous origin.More than 0.5 wt.% SrO in the metacarbonatites and SrO> 0.15 wt.% in constituent rock forming calcite are discriminating signatures of the Jambil meta-carbonatites.Chemically,the Jambil meta-carbonatites are relatively depleted in Rb,Nb,Ta,Ti,Zr and Hf,relatively enriched in Ba,Th,Sr,and have a high LREE/HREE ratio when normalized to primitive mantle.Their carbon and oxygen isotope compositions vary from-3.5‰ to-4.3‰and from 9.7‰ to 12.3‰,respectively.These geochemical characteristics indicate generation of the carbonatites through small degree of partial melting from a carbonated eclogitic source.In-situ,U/Pb analysis of titanite indicates that the Jambil meta-carbonatites were emplacement at 438 ±3 Ma.When combined with regional geological observations,we interpret the emplacement of the Jambil metacarbonatites to have taken place during the Silurian back arc extension within greater Gondwana and mark a transition from a compressional tectonic regime,brought about by collision of microcontinental blocks along the northern margin of Gondwana,to post-orogenic extension in the waning stages of the pre-Himalayan Ordovician orogeny.Finally,in-situ ^(208)Pb/^(232)Th monazite dates(40.3-27.6Ma) extracted from the meta-carbonatites are consistent with the Cenozoic metamorphism of the area.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to deliver a better perception of the project success,and how reporting system might increase the probability of project success in construction projects in UAE.Further,it aims at exploring the relationship between effective reporting system in terms of the characteristic of its outputs(mainly effectiveness of financial reporting system)and project success.Semi-structured interviews with a number of interior auditors,accountants,and chief financial officers(CFOs)from different corporations in construction sector in UAE in order to recognize how effective reporting system in terms of the characteristic of its outputs(broad scope,timeliness,aggregation,and integration)might contribute to increase the probability of project success.There are several success factors in construction projects in UAE,thus it is very hard to capture all these factors in one paper.Hence,this paper is not considering all project success factors rather it focuses on the characteristic of outputs of the reporting system generally and the financial reporting system particularly(broad scope,timeliness,aggregation,and integration),as most of the studies in the literature considered the reporting system as a key factor of project success.This paper adds to both project management and accounting research by evidencing results from an exploration how effective reporting might impact the project success,with valuable implications for standard officials,customers,investors,stakeholders,sponsors,shareholders,CFOs,project developer,consultants,internal auditors,and accounting academics.The effective reporting system in United Arab Emirates(UAE)construction projects enables possessors,customers,and contractors of projects to get timely information about the progress of project in a brief and significant format which in turn improve the decision-making process and contribute to project success.This paper implies a contribution for both project management literature and accounting research by investigative the effectiveness of reporting system in project successes from historical point of view and contemporary point of view.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41325007)State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources(MSFGPMR03)during the PhD studies of the first author in the China University of Geosciences,Wuhan,China.
文摘The present study has been carried out to determine the chromian spinel and platinum group elements(PGEs)geochemistry of podiform chromitites of Dargai Complex which provides significant information regarding the mantlecrust transition zone(MTZ)to mantle section during the emplacement and genesis of ophiolitic complexes.The mineral chemistry and platinum group elements(PGEs)were analysed using the Electron Probe Micro Analyzer(EPMA)and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer(ICP-MS).Chromian spinels in the high-Cr chromitites(Cr#>60),harzburgite and mantle dunites have much higher Cr#values in the range of 78.4 to 81.9,72.2 to 77.5 and 79.8 to 82.6,respectively.However,the chromian spinels in the high-Al chromitites(Cr#<60)and MTZ dunites have much lower Cr#values in the range of 47.5 to 52.9 and 46.7 to 49.4,respectively.Based on behaviours of PGEs,the chemical differences are reflected in these two types of chromitites.
