Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitatio...Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.展开更多
We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journ...We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science The study's exploration of the effects of varying carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in Mc Ardle disease,a condition characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability,is a significant contribution to the field of sports science and metabolic disorders.展开更多
Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise tra...Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiovascular adaptations remains unclear.Methods:In this single-centred,randomized,parallel arm trial,19 recreationally active individuals underwent seven sessions of either supine with legs up(SUP;n=9,6 females)or upright with legs down(UP;n=10,7 females)aerobic training on a recumbent bike at 71±7%and 71±2%of peak work rate(WRpeak),respectively.The study aimed to test the effects of training with decreased muscle oxygenation on indices of muscle mitochondrial remodelling.Secondary outcomes included exercise performance,muscle oxygenation,and cardiovascular responses.Results:Secondary outcomes revealed significant interaction effects for time to fatigue(TTF)and WRpeak in the SUP group during supine testing,suggesting enhanced exercise tolerance and performance.No between group interaction effects were observed for upright testing.No clear effects on mitochondrial biogenesis were observed based on expression of mitochondrial protein subunits and transcriptional regulators.Acutely,HRpeak was lower during the SUP Test compared to the UP Test.No central cardiovascular adaptations were observed following training.Conclusions:Our exploratory analyses showed that supine aerobic training more effectively improves supine exercise tolerance and performance compared with upright training,despite no differences in measured proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these postural-specific training effects.Registration:clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04151095.展开更多
Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural an...Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.展开更多
It is well known that appropriate aerobic exercise can effectively alleviate fatty liver and enhance brain function.The concept of multi-organ crosstalk coordinating disease progression has become the current research...It is well known that appropriate aerobic exercise can effectively alleviate fatty liver and enhance brain function.The concept of multi-organ crosstalk coordinating disease progression has become the current research hot topic.However,there remains an urgent need to elucidate its specific mechanisms.This study aimed to explore the impact of a high-fat diet(HFD)on liver health and cognitive function,and to further uncover the regulatory effect of aerobic exercise by liver-specific activating transcription factor 3(Atf3)knockout(ATF3cKO)mice in a“liver-brain”axis mode.The 5-week-old C57BL/6 and ATF3cKO mice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks,and sequentially subjected to aerobic exercise intervention at the 20th week for another 12 consecutive weeks.Meanwhile,C57BL/6 mice were provided with a normal diet as the control group.The functional parameters of liver and brain of all mice were assessed.Cognitive capacity of all mice was assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM).Inflammatory factors in the serum and brain of mice were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of inflammasomes was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Additionally,the activation of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)signal pathways was analyzed by Western blotting.In this study,HFD impaired hepatic and brain functions,while aerobic exercise and liver-specific Atf3 knockout suppressed inflammatory factors in the peripheral circulation through hepatoprotective mechanisms,thereby attenuating cerebral inflammation and preserving neurological integrity,as well as mitigating HFD-induced cognitive decline.展开更多
L-Theanine(LTA)is a non-protein amino acid mainly found in tea plants with many beneficial effects.Exercise exerts a wide range of benefits in metabolic health.Here,we show that exercise or gastric lavage intervention...L-Theanine(LTA)is a non-protein amino acid mainly found in tea plants with many beneficial effects.Exercise exerts a wide range of benefits in metabolic health.Here,we show that exercise or gastric lavage intervention on mice with LTA improves diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice.Meanwhile,combinatory therapy shows that exercise and LTA synergistically improve obesity-related metabolic disorders and NASH phenotypes,including hepatic steatosis,inflammation,cell death and oxidative stress.In vivo studies indicate that LTA inhibits free fatty acid(FFA)-induced hepatocyte injury,including steatosis,oxidative stress and apoptosis.Knockdown of Nrf2 blunts the role of LTA in inhibiting FFA-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and dysfunction.Mechanistically,LTA increases theα-ketoglutarate(α-KG)level in hepatocytes,which increases the transcription of Nrf2 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter.Moreover,LTA promote the aboveα-KG/Nrf2 axis in synergy with exercise,thereby more efficiently inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and ameliorating diet-induced NASH in mice.Our results suggest that,through promoting theα-KG/Nrf2 axis-mediated anti-oxidative pathway,the combination of LTA and exercise may provide an effective measure for the prevention and control of NASH.展开更多
Background Regular exercise training provides significant health benefits among cancer survivors and is associated with lower breast cancer mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.Both exercise-induced factors secret...Background Regular exercise training provides significant health benefits among cancer survivors and is associated with lower breast cancer mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.Both exercise-induced factors secreted into circulation(exerkines)and bioactive molecules contained in skeletal muscle secretome have been proposed to affect the tumor microenvironment and mediate some of the anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise.This study utilized exercise-conditioned human serum obtained from breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and skeletal myotubes’secretome after mechanical loading to investigate their effects on breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods Breast cancer patients participated in a 12-week exercise training program during their chemotherapy,and blood serum was collected immediately before and after an exercise session in the 2nd and 12th weeks of training.Skeletal myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and subjected to mechanical stretching to collect their secretome(stretch medium(SM)).Hormone-sensitive Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7)and triple-negative M.D.Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231(MDA-MB-231)breast cancer cells were treated with either human serum or with the skeletal myotubes’secretome to examine their metabolic activity,migration,cytotoxicity levels and apoptosis regulation.Results The exercise-conditioned serum obtained from breast cancer patients who were subjected to the 12-week training during chemotherapy resulted in reduced metabolic activity(p<0.001)and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity(cytotoxicity)(p<0.001)in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells when compared with the control condition.Moreover,incubation of breast cancer cells with the post-exercise serum induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells,as indicated by increase in DNA damage and the percentage of necrotic cells(p<0.05)when compared to pre-exercise condition.Similarly,a significant decrease(p<0.001)was observed in the metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the SM,along with increased cytotoxicity(p<0.05),compared to the cells cultured with the regular growth media.Comparable though not as profound effects were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells when treated with the SM secretome.Furthermore,the expression of apoptosis-inducing Caspase-7(p<0.001)and Caspase-8(p<0.01)proteins was increased,whereas cell survival-regulating factors interleukin-8(IL-8)(p<0.001),superoxide dismutase-2(p<0.05),Fas cell surface death receptor(p<0.05),and vascular endothelial growth factor(p<0.01)were downregulated in the SM-treated MCF-7 cells.In addition,the migrating behavior of MCF-7 cells was diminished,and higher levels of DNA damage were observed in cells treated with either SM or non-stretch media.Conclusion Both exercise-conditioned serum of breast cancer patients and skeletal myotubes secretome after mechanical loading can reduce the metabolic activity,promote cell toxicity and DNA damage,modulate the protein expression of crucial cell survival-regulating factors,and lead to apoptosis in breast cancer cells.These findings suggest that even after cancer diagnosis,exercise may exert beneficial effects additive to chemotherapy against breast cancer prognosis.展开更多
Current scientific endeavours in the field of geroscience have begun to reveal how factors such as exercise could modulate the brain aging process.In this review,we ask how exercise could potentially modulate aging,an...Current scientific endeavours in the field of geroscience have begun to reveal how factors such as exercise could modulate the brain aging process.In this review,we ask how exercise could potentially modulate aging,and by extension,the development of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD).Furthermore,we discuss how exercise could mitigate the cascade of debilitating manifestations in AD.Mechanistically,we discuss how biomolecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and its cognate receptor,tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)could change during the life course and how its signalling pathways could be altered with exercise(acute sessions or chronic training).Tackling these questions could help the scientific and medical community mitigate age-related decline in terms of neurological functions.展开更多
Purpose:Regular exercise can reduce incidence and progression of breast cancer,but the mechanisms for such effects are not fully understood.The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms behind the protective...Purpose:Regular exercise can reduce incidence and progression of breast cancer,but the mechanisms for such effects are not fully understood.The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms behind the protective effects of exercise.Methods:We used a variety of rodent and human experimental model systems to determine whether exercise training can reduce tumor burden in breast cancer and to identify mechanism associated with any exercise training effects on tumor burden.Results:We show that voluntary wheel running slows tumor development in the mammary specific polyomavirus middle T antigen overexpression(MMTV-PyMT)mouse model of breast cancer but only when mice are not housed alone.We identify the proteoglycan decorin as a contraction-induced secretory factor that systemically increases in patients with breast cancer immediately following exercise.Moreover,high expression of decorin in tumors is associated with improved prognosis in patients,while treatment of breast cancer cells in vitro with decorin reduces cell proliferation.Notwithstanding,when we overexpressed decorin in murine muscle or injected recombinant decorin systemically into mouse models of breast cancer,elevated plasma decorin concentrations did not result in higher tumor decorin levels and tumor burden was not improved.Conclusion:Exercise training is anti-tumorigenic in a mouse model of luminal breast cancer,but the effect is abrogated by social isolation.The proteoglycan decorin is an exercise-induced secretory protein,and tumor decorin levels are positively associated with improved prognosis in patients.The hypothesis that elevated plasma decorin is a mechanism by which exercise training improves breast cancer progression in humans is not,however,supported by our pre-clinical data since elevated circulating decorin did not increase tumor decorin levels in these models.展开更多
Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers w...Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that th...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that the etiology of IBD is multifactorial,involving a complex interplay between host genetic susceptibility and environmental determinants.In recent years,non-pharmacological strategies such as physical exercise and vagus nerve stimulation have gained increasing attention as adjunctive therapeutic approaches.Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality,particularly in conditions characterized by autonomic dysfunction and diminished vagal tone.Conversely,vagotomy,by disrupting vagal control,abolishes parasympathetic reflexes and may potentiate inflammatory responses and exacerbate IBD symptomatology under stress conditions.Physical exercise has likewise been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated,accumulating evidence suggests that skeletal muscle contractions promote the secretion of myokines,with recognized anti-inflammatory properties.These myokines act on the intestinal microenvironment,conferring protection against malignant transformation and modulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota.In this review,we critically examine the interplay between physical exercise,vagus nerve stimulation,and vagotomy in the pathophysiology and management of IBD,with particular emphasis on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.展开更多
Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesit...Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.展开更多
Exercise is a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment,providing several benefits.Moreover,exercise is associated with a reduced risk for developing a range of cancers and for their recurrence,as well as with improvin...Exercise is a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment,providing several benefits.Moreover,exercise is associated with a reduced risk for developing a range of cancers and for their recurrence,as well as with improving survival,even though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Preclinical and clinical evidence shows that the acute effects of a single exercise session can suppress the growth of various cancer cell lines in vitro.This suppression is potentially due to altered concentrations of hormones(e.g.,insulin)and cytokines(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6)after exercise.These factors,known to be involved in tumorigenesis,may explain why exercise is associated with reduced cancer incidence,recurrence,and mortality.However,the effects of short-(<8 weeks)and long-term(≥8 weeks)exercise programs on cancer cells have been reported with mixed results.Although more research is needed,it appears that interventions incorporating both exercise and diet seem to have greater inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth in both apparently healthy subjects as well as in cancer patients.Although speculative,these suppressive effects on cancer cells may be driven by changes in body weight and composition as well as by a reduction in low-grade inflammation often associated with sedentary behavior,low muscle mass,and excess fat mass in cancer patients.Taken together,such interventions could alter the systemic levels of suppressive circulating factors,leading to a less favorable environment for tumorigenesis.While regular exercise and a healthy diet may establish a more cancer-suppressive environment,each acute bout of exercise provides a further“dose”of anticancer medicine.Therefore,integrating regular exercise could potentially play a significant role in cancer management,highlighting the need for future investigations in this promising area of research.展开更多
Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune condition whose prevalence is prominent in children and adolescents,resulting in insulin deficiency with a potential for long-term complications induced by glucotoxicity....Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune condition whose prevalence is prominent in children and adolescents,resulting in insulin deficiency with a potential for long-term complications induced by glucotoxicity.As an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attack insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas,leading up to complete or near-complete inability to control the blood glucose levels independently.The lack of glycemic control calls for lifelong exogenous insulin administration in conjunction with careful monitoring to control blood sugar levels and prevent acute and chronic health issues complications.Regular physical activity,notably resistance exercise(RE),may be beneficial in the glycemic management of this population,enhancement of muscle strength,and general health for the growing,development and maturation in children.The evidence depicting its benefits and safeguard for RE in pediatric T1DM patients remains underexamined.This mini-review seeks to synthesize qualitatively the current evidence on RE regarding its global effects on the T1DM in children.A search for peer-reviewed papers is carried out through primary databases,centering on publications that examined the physiological,metabolic,and psychosocial consequences of RE in children with T1DM.Emerging evidence indicates that RE is one potential method of safe and efficacious intervention to improve glycemic management,physical capacity,and quality of life.However,there is still some reluctance to this type of training in the pediatric population.The available research has not only refuted the belief that strength training was contraindicated in the pediatric population but also recommends its systematic practice to enjoy its benefits on the three spheres of health.Nevertheless,methodological differences and small population studies pose challenges to drawing firm conclusions.The review underscores other areas,including the need for standardizing protocols for including patients such as follow-ups and greater considerations for psychosocial effects of RE in this population.This minireview underlines the importance of RE in a global approach to pediatric diabetes care by providing practical insight for both clinicians and researchers.展开更多
Background:Stretching has wide appeal,but there seems to exist some mismatch between its purported applications and what the evidence shows.There is compelling evidence for some stretching applications,but for others,...Background:Stretching has wide appeal,but there seems to exist some mismatch between its purported applications and what the evidence shows.There is compelling evidence for some stretching applications,but for others,the evidence seems heterogeneous or unsupportive.The discrepancies even affect some systematic reviews,possibly due to heterogeneous eligibility criteria and search strategies.This consensus paper seeks to unify the divergent findings on stretching and its implications for both athletic performance and clinical practices by delivering evidence-based recommendations.Methods:A panel of 20 experts with a blend of practical experience and scholarly knowledge was assembled.The panel meticulously reviewed existing systematic reviews,defined key terminologies(e.g.,consensus definitions for different stretching modes),and crafted guidelines using a Delphi consensus approach(minimum required agreement:80%).The analysis focused on 8 topics,including stretching's acute and chronic(long-term)effects on range of motion,strength performance,muscle hypertrophy,stiffness,injury prevention,muscle recovery,posture correction,and cardiovascular health.Results:There was consensus that chronic and acute stretching(a)improves range of motion(although alternatives exist)and(b)reduces muscle stiffness(which may not always be desirable);the panel also agreed that chronic stretching(c)may promote vascular health,but more research is warranted.In contrast,consensus was found that stretch training does not(a)contribute substantively to muscle growth,(b)serve as an allencompassing injury prevention strategy,(c)improve posture,or(d)acutely enhance post-exercise recovery.Conclusion:These recommendations provide guidance for athletes and practitioners,highlighting research gaps that should be addressed to more comprehensively understand the full scope of stretching effects.展开更多
Background Physical activity can regulate and affect gene expression in multiple tissues and cells.Recently,with the development of next-generation sequencing,a large number of RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)-based gene expre...Background Physical activity can regulate and affect gene expression in multiple tissues and cells.Recently,with the development of next-generation sequencing,a large number of RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)-based gene expression profiles about physical activity have been shared in public resources;however,they are poorly curated and underutilized.To tackle this problem,we developed a data atlas of such data through comprehensive data collection,curation,and organization.Methods The data atlas,termed gene expression profiles of RNA-seq-based exercise responses(GEPREP),was built on a comprehensive collection of high-quality RNA-seq data on exercise responses.The metadata of each sample were manually curated.Data were uniformly processed and batch effects corrected.All the information was well organized in an easy-to-use website for free search,visualization,and download.Results GEPREP now includes 69 RNA-seq datasets of pre-and post-exercise,comprising 26 human datasets(1120 samples)and 43 mouse datasets(1006 samples).Specifically,there were 977(87.2%)human samples of skeletal muscle and 143(12.8%)human samples of blood.There were also samples across 9 mice tissues with skeletal muscle(359,35.7%)and brain(280,27.8%)accounting for the main fractions.Metadata—including subject,exercise interventions,sampling sites,and post-processing methods—are also included.The metadata and gene expression profiles are freely accessible at http://www.geprep.org.cn/.Conclusion GEPREP is a comprehensive data atlas of RNA-seq-based gene expression profiles responding to exercise.With its reliable annotations and user-friendly interfaces,it has the potential to deepen our understanding of exercise physiology.展开更多
1.IntroductionPassive movement is a 200+year-old manipulation involving the external movement of an individuals’limbs or body absent voluntary effort or muscle contraction.1The original application of passive movemen...1.IntroductionPassive movement is a 200+year-old manipulation involving the external movement of an individuals’limbs or body absent voluntary effort or muscle contraction.1The original application of passive movement was therapist-guided limb manipulation to increase range of motion and blood supply following acute and chronic injury.展开更多
Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential pr...Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential preventive effect of an active lifestyle was presumed a long time ago by some visionary scientists.展开更多
Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate s...Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.展开更多
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects,No.2022ZD0207600(to LZ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32070955(to LZ),U22A20301(to KFS)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515012197(to HO)Guangzhou Core Medical Disciplines Project,No.2021-2023(to HO)Key Research and Development Plan of Ningxia Hui Automomous Region,No.2022BEG01004(to KFS)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.202007030012(to KFS and LZ)。
文摘Cerebral ischemia is a major health risk that requires preventive approaches in addition to drug therapy.Physical exercise enhances neurogenesis and synaptogenesis,and has been widely used for functional rehabilitation after stroke.In this study,we determined whether exercise training before disease onset can alleviate the severity of cerebral ischemia.We also examined the role of exercise-induced circulating factors in these effects.Adult mice were subjected to 14 days of treadmill exercise training before surgery for middle cerebral artery occlusion.We found that this exercise pre-conditioning strategy effectively attenuated brain infarct area,inhibited gliogenesis,protected synaptic proteins,and improved novel object and spatial memory function.Further analysis showed that circulating adiponectin plays a critical role in these preventive effects of exercise.Agonist activation of adiponectin receptors by Adipo Ron mimicked the effects of exercise,while inhibiting receptor activation abolished the exercise effects.In summary,our results suggest a crucial role of circulating adiponectin in the effects of exercise pre-conditioning in protecting against cerebral ischemia and supporting the health benefits of exercise.
文摘We read with great interest the recent article by Valenzuela et al.1titled“Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability:Insights from McArdle disease”published in the Journal of Sport and Health Science The study's exploration of the effects of varying carbohydrate(CHO)doses on exercise capacity in Mc Ardle disease,a condition characterized by complete muscle glycogen unavailability,is a significant contribution to the field of sports science and metabolic disorders.
基金supported by funding provided to BJG from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERCgrant no.402635).
文摘Objectives:Aerobic exercise training can increase skeletal muscle mitochondrial content.Supine exercise training with legs above the heart potentially augments these increases.However,the impact of supine exercise training on mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiovascular adaptations remains unclear.Methods:In this single-centred,randomized,parallel arm trial,19 recreationally active individuals underwent seven sessions of either supine with legs up(SUP;n=9,6 females)or upright with legs down(UP;n=10,7 females)aerobic training on a recumbent bike at 71±7%and 71±2%of peak work rate(WRpeak),respectively.The study aimed to test the effects of training with decreased muscle oxygenation on indices of muscle mitochondrial remodelling.Secondary outcomes included exercise performance,muscle oxygenation,and cardiovascular responses.Results:Secondary outcomes revealed significant interaction effects for time to fatigue(TTF)and WRpeak in the SUP group during supine testing,suggesting enhanced exercise tolerance and performance.No between group interaction effects were observed for upright testing.No clear effects on mitochondrial biogenesis were observed based on expression of mitochondrial protein subunits and transcriptional regulators.Acutely,HRpeak was lower during the SUP Test compared to the UP Test.No central cardiovascular adaptations were observed following training.Conclusions:Our exploratory analyses showed that supine aerobic training more effectively improves supine exercise tolerance and performance compared with upright training,despite no differences in measured proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis.Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these postural-specific training effects.Registration:clinicaltrials.gov:NCT04151095.
基金financial support from the general electric (GE) healthcareAustralian Research Council Discovery Project (DP200101476)+5 种基金in parts by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants (R01 AR077604, R01 EB002524, R01 AR079431, P41 EB02706)Stanford Graduate FellowshipThe University of Queensland Graduate ScholarshipNational Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Fellowship (#1194937)Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance at Stanford Universitythe Joe and Clara Tsai Foundation
文摘Background While Nordic hamstring exercise(NHE)training has been shown to reduce hamstring strains,the muscle-specific adaptations to NHE across the 4 hamstrings remain unclear.This study investigates architectural and microstructural adaptations of the biceps femoris short head(BFsh),biceps femoris long head(BFlh),semitendinosus(ST),and semimembranosus(SM)in response to an NHE intervention.Methods Eleven subjects completed 9 weeks of supervised NHE training followed by 3 weeks of detraining.Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at pre-training,post-training,and detraining to assess architectural(volume,fiber tract length,and fiber tract angle)and microstructural(axial(AD),mean(MD),radial(RD)diffusivities,and fractional anisotropy(FA))parameters of the 4 hamstrings.Results NHE training induced significant but non-uniform hamstring muscle hypertrophy(BFsh:22%,BFlh:9%,ST:26%,SM:6%)and fiber tract length increase(BFsh:11%,BFlh:7%,ST:18%,SM:10%).AD(5%),MD(4%),and RD(5%)showed significant increases,but fiber tract angle and FA remained unchanged.After detraining,only ST showed a significant reduction(8%)in volume,which remained higher than the pre-training value.While fiber tract lengths returned to baseline,AD,MD,and RD remained higher than pre-training levels for all hamstrings.Conclusion The 9-week NHE training substantially increased hamstring muscle volume with greater hypertrophy in ST and BFsh.Hypertrophy was accompanied by increases in fiber tract lengths and cross-sections(increased RD).After 3 weeks of detraining,fiber tract length gains across all hamstrings declined,emphasizing the importance of sustained training to maintain all the protective adaptations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471186 and 31771318)the 14th Five-Year-Plan Advantageous and Characteristic Disciplines(Groups)of Colleges and Universities in Hubei Province for Exercise and Brain Science+1 种基金as well as the Leading Talent Program and Innovative Start-up Foundation from Wuhan Sports University to Ning Chensupported by the Hubei Natural Science Foundation(2022CFB929)and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732727)to Tong Wu.
文摘It is well known that appropriate aerobic exercise can effectively alleviate fatty liver and enhance brain function.The concept of multi-organ crosstalk coordinating disease progression has become the current research hot topic.However,there remains an urgent need to elucidate its specific mechanisms.This study aimed to explore the impact of a high-fat diet(HFD)on liver health and cognitive function,and to further uncover the regulatory effect of aerobic exercise by liver-specific activating transcription factor 3(Atf3)knockout(ATF3cKO)mice in a“liver-brain”axis mode.The 5-week-old C57BL/6 and ATF3cKO mice were fed with HFD for 32 weeks,and sequentially subjected to aerobic exercise intervention at the 20th week for another 12 consecutive weeks.Meanwhile,C57BL/6 mice were provided with a normal diet as the control group.The functional parameters of liver and brain of all mice were assessed.Cognitive capacity of all mice was assessed by the Morris water maze(MWM).Inflammatory factors in the serum and brain of mice were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the expression of inflammasomes was detected by immunohistochemistry(IHC).Additionally,the activation of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)signal pathways was analyzed by Western blotting.In this study,HFD impaired hepatic and brain functions,while aerobic exercise and liver-specific Atf3 knockout suppressed inflammatory factors in the peripheral circulation through hepatoprotective mechanisms,thereby attenuating cerebral inflammation and preserving neurological integrity,as well as mitigating HFD-induced cognitive decline.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82571021,32070751 and 31871435)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(25ZR1401328)the Program for Overseas High-level talents at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(TP2022100)。
文摘L-Theanine(LTA)is a non-protein amino acid mainly found in tea plants with many beneficial effects.Exercise exerts a wide range of benefits in metabolic health.Here,we show that exercise or gastric lavage intervention on mice with LTA improves diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)in mice.Meanwhile,combinatory therapy shows that exercise and LTA synergistically improve obesity-related metabolic disorders and NASH phenotypes,including hepatic steatosis,inflammation,cell death and oxidative stress.In vivo studies indicate that LTA inhibits free fatty acid(FFA)-induced hepatocyte injury,including steatosis,oxidative stress and apoptosis.Knockdown of Nrf2 blunts the role of LTA in inhibiting FFA-induced hepatocyte oxidative stress and dysfunction.Mechanistically,LTA increases theα-ketoglutarate(α-KG)level in hepatocytes,which increases the transcription of Nrf2 by inducing active DNA demethylation on its promoter.Moreover,LTA promote the aboveα-KG/Nrf2 axis in synergy with exercise,thereby more efficiently inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and ameliorating diet-induced NASH in mice.Our results suggest that,through promoting theα-KG/Nrf2 axis-mediated anti-oxidative pathway,the combination of LTA and exercise may provide an effective measure for the prevention and control of NASH.
基金the Biochemical Imaging Center at UmeåUniversity and the National Microscopy Infrastructure(VR-RFI 2019-00217),for providing assistance in microscopy.
文摘Background Regular exercise training provides significant health benefits among cancer survivors and is associated with lower breast cancer mortality and reduced risk of recurrence.Both exercise-induced factors secreted into circulation(exerkines)and bioactive molecules contained in skeletal muscle secretome have been proposed to affect the tumor microenvironment and mediate some of the anti-carcinogenic effects of exercise.This study utilized exercise-conditioned human serum obtained from breast cancer patients during chemotherapy and skeletal myotubes’secretome after mechanical loading to investigate their effects on breast cancer cells in vitro.Methods Breast cancer patients participated in a 12-week exercise training program during their chemotherapy,and blood serum was collected immediately before and after an exercise session in the 2nd and 12th weeks of training.Skeletal myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes and subjected to mechanical stretching to collect their secretome(stretch medium(SM)).Hormone-sensitive Michigan Cancer Foundation-7(MCF-7)and triple-negative M.D.Anderson-Metastatic Breast-231(MDA-MB-231)breast cancer cells were treated with either human serum or with the skeletal myotubes’secretome to examine their metabolic activity,migration,cytotoxicity levels and apoptosis regulation.Results The exercise-conditioned serum obtained from breast cancer patients who were subjected to the 12-week training during chemotherapy resulted in reduced metabolic activity(p<0.001)and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity(cytotoxicity)(p<0.001)in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells when compared with the control condition.Moreover,incubation of breast cancer cells with the post-exercise serum induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells,as indicated by increase in DNA damage and the percentage of necrotic cells(p<0.05)when compared to pre-exercise condition.Similarly,a significant decrease(p<0.001)was observed in the metabolic activity of MCF-7 cells treated with the SM,along with increased cytotoxicity(p<0.05),compared to the cells cultured with the regular growth media.Comparable though not as profound effects were observed in MDA-MB-231 cells when treated with the SM secretome.Furthermore,the expression of apoptosis-inducing Caspase-7(p<0.001)and Caspase-8(p<0.01)proteins was increased,whereas cell survival-regulating factors interleukin-8(IL-8)(p<0.001),superoxide dismutase-2(p<0.05),Fas cell surface death receptor(p<0.05),and vascular endothelial growth factor(p<0.01)were downregulated in the SM-treated MCF-7 cells.In addition,the migrating behavior of MCF-7 cells was diminished,and higher levels of DNA damage were observed in cells treated with either SM or non-stretch media.Conclusion Both exercise-conditioned serum of breast cancer patients and skeletal myotubes secretome after mechanical loading can reduce the metabolic activity,promote cell toxicity and DNA damage,modulate the protein expression of crucial cell survival-regulating factors,and lead to apoptosis in breast cancer cells.These findings suggest that even after cancer diagnosis,exercise may exert beneficial effects additive to chemotherapy against breast cancer prognosis.
文摘Current scientific endeavours in the field of geroscience have begun to reveal how factors such as exercise could modulate the brain aging process.In this review,we ask how exercise could potentially modulate aging,and by extension,the development of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD).Furthermore,we discuss how exercise could mitigate the cascade of debilitating manifestations in AD.Mechanistically,we discuss how biomolecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)and its cognate receptor,tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)could change during the life course and how its signalling pathways could be altered with exercise(acute sessions or chronic training).Tackling these questions could help the scientific and medical community mitigate age-related decline in terms of neurological functions.
基金supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP1194141)supported by project grants from the NHMRC (APP1042465, APP1041760, and APP1156511)。
文摘Purpose:Regular exercise can reduce incidence and progression of breast cancer,but the mechanisms for such effects are not fully understood.The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms behind the protective effects of exercise.Methods:We used a variety of rodent and human experimental model systems to determine whether exercise training can reduce tumor burden in breast cancer and to identify mechanism associated with any exercise training effects on tumor burden.Results:We show that voluntary wheel running slows tumor development in the mammary specific polyomavirus middle T antigen overexpression(MMTV-PyMT)mouse model of breast cancer but only when mice are not housed alone.We identify the proteoglycan decorin as a contraction-induced secretory factor that systemically increases in patients with breast cancer immediately following exercise.Moreover,high expression of decorin in tumors is associated with improved prognosis in patients,while treatment of breast cancer cells in vitro with decorin reduces cell proliferation.Notwithstanding,when we overexpressed decorin in murine muscle or injected recombinant decorin systemically into mouse models of breast cancer,elevated plasma decorin concentrations did not result in higher tumor decorin levels and tumor burden was not improved.Conclusion:Exercise training is anti-tumorigenic in a mouse model of luminal breast cancer,but the effect is abrogated by social isolation.The proteoglycan decorin is an exercise-induced secretory protein,and tumor decorin levels are positively associated with improved prognosis in patients.The hypothesis that elevated plasma decorin is a mechanism by which exercise training improves breast cancer progression in humans is not,however,supported by our pre-clinical data since elevated circulating decorin did not increase tumor decorin levels in these models.
基金supported by funds from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0904500 to LX, 2023YFA1800400 to LX, and 2018YFE0113500 to JX)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82301777 to MG, 32222024 to LX, 32325024 to XM, 32071148 to LX, and 91957116 to CX)+6 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21140904300 to XM and 22ZR1421200 to LX)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2017-01-07-00-09-E00042 to JX)Key Project of 2022 Higher Education Scientific Research Planning Project of China Association of Higher Education (22TY0218 to FS)Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education (22YJC890023 to FS)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20230219 to MG)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M741183 to MG)ECNU public platform for Innovation (011).
文摘Background: Resistance exercise leads to improved muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Yet how circadian rhythm impacts exercise outcomes and its molecular transduction remains elusive.Methods: Human volunteers were subjected to 4 weeks of resistance training protocols at different times of day to assess training outcomes and their associations with myokine irisin.Based on rhythmicity of Fibronectin type III domain containing 5(FNDC5/irisin),we trained wild type and FNDC5 knockout mice at late active phase(high FNDC5/irisin level)or late rest phase(low FNDC5/irisin level)to analyze exercise benefits on muscle function and metabolic homeostasis.Molecular analysis was performed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FNDC5 rhythmicity and downstream signaling transduction in skeletal muscle.Results: In this study,we showed that regular resistance exercises performed at different times of day resulted in distinct training outcomes in humans,including exercise benefits and altered plasma metabolomics.We found that muscle FNDC5/irisin levels exhibit rhythmicity.Consistent with human data,compared to late rest phase(low irisin level),mice trained chronically at late active phase(high irisin level)gained more muscle capacity along with improved metabolic fitness and metabolomics/lipidomics profiles under a high-fat diet,whereas these differences were lost in FNDC5 knockout mice.Mechanistically,Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 1(BMAL1)and Peroxisome proliferative activated receptor,gamma,coactivator 1 alpha 4(PGC1α4)induce FNDC5/irisin transcription and rhythmicity,and the signaling is transduced viaαV integrin in muscle.Conclusion: Together,our results offered novel insights that exercise performed at distinct times of day determines training outcomes and metabolic benefits through the rhythmic regulation of the BMAL1/PGC1α4-FNDC5/irisin axis.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that the etiology of IBD is multifactorial,involving a complex interplay between host genetic susceptibility and environmental determinants.In recent years,non-pharmacological strategies such as physical exercise and vagus nerve stimulation have gained increasing attention as adjunctive therapeutic approaches.Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality,particularly in conditions characterized by autonomic dysfunction and diminished vagal tone.Conversely,vagotomy,by disrupting vagal control,abolishes parasympathetic reflexes and may potentiate inflammatory responses and exacerbate IBD symptomatology under stress conditions.Physical exercise has likewise been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated,accumulating evidence suggests that skeletal muscle contractions promote the secretion of myokines,with recognized anti-inflammatory properties.These myokines act on the intestinal microenvironment,conferring protection against malignant transformation and modulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota.In this review,we critically examine the interplay between physical exercise,vagus nerve stimulation,and vagotomy in the pathophysiology and management of IBD,with particular emphasis on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.
基金supported by Brazilian agencies CAPES(Finance Code 001)CNPq through PQ productivity scholarship.
文摘Here we compare the efficacy of anti-obesity drugs alone or combined with exercise training on body weight and exercise capacity of obese patients.Randomized clinical trials that assessed the impact of any anti-obesity drug alone or combined with exercise training on body weight,body fat,fat-free mass and cardiorespiratory fitness in obese patients were retrieved from Pubmed and EMBASE up to May 2024.Risk of bias assessment was performed with RoB 2.0,and the GRADE approach assessed the certainty of evidence(CoE)of each main outcome.We included four publications summing up 202 patients.Two publications used orlistat as an anti-obesity drug treatment,while the other two adopted GLP-1 receptor agonist(liraglutide or tirzepatide)as a pharmacotherapy for weight management.Orlistat combined with exercise was superior to change body weight(mean difference(MD):−2.27 kg;95%CI:−2.86 to−1.69;CoE:very low),fat mass(MD:−2.89;95%CI:−3.87 to−1.91;CoE:very low),fat-free mass(MD:0.56;95%CI:0.40–0.72;CoE:very low),and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.64;95%CI:2.52–2.76;CoE:very low).GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs combined with exercise had a great effect on body weight(MD:−3.96 kg;95%CI:−5.07 to−2.85;CoE:low),fat mass(MD:−1.76;95%CI:−2.24 to−1.27;CoE:low),fat-free mass(MD:0.50;95%CI:−0.98 to 1.98;CoE:very low)and VO_(2)Peak(MD:2.47;95%CI:1.31–3.63;CoE:very low).The results reported here suggest that exercise training remains an important approach in weight management when combined with pharmacological treatment.
文摘Exercise is a therapeutic approach in cancer treatment,providing several benefits.Moreover,exercise is associated with a reduced risk for developing a range of cancers and for their recurrence,as well as with improving survival,even though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Preclinical and clinical evidence shows that the acute effects of a single exercise session can suppress the growth of various cancer cell lines in vitro.This suppression is potentially due to altered concentrations of hormones(e.g.,insulin)and cytokines(e.g.,tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6)after exercise.These factors,known to be involved in tumorigenesis,may explain why exercise is associated with reduced cancer incidence,recurrence,and mortality.However,the effects of short-(<8 weeks)and long-term(≥8 weeks)exercise programs on cancer cells have been reported with mixed results.Although more research is needed,it appears that interventions incorporating both exercise and diet seem to have greater inhibitory effects on cancer cell growth in both apparently healthy subjects as well as in cancer patients.Although speculative,these suppressive effects on cancer cells may be driven by changes in body weight and composition as well as by a reduction in low-grade inflammation often associated with sedentary behavior,low muscle mass,and excess fat mass in cancer patients.Taken together,such interventions could alter the systemic levels of suppressive circulating factors,leading to a less favorable environment for tumorigenesis.While regular exercise and a healthy diet may establish a more cancer-suppressive environment,each acute bout of exercise provides a further“dose”of anticancer medicine.Therefore,integrating regular exercise could potentially play a significant role in cancer management,highlighting the need for future investigations in this promising area of research.
文摘Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is an autoimmune condition whose prevalence is prominent in children and adolescents,resulting in insulin deficiency with a potential for long-term complications induced by glucotoxicity.As an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attack insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas,leading up to complete or near-complete inability to control the blood glucose levels independently.The lack of glycemic control calls for lifelong exogenous insulin administration in conjunction with careful monitoring to control blood sugar levels and prevent acute and chronic health issues complications.Regular physical activity,notably resistance exercise(RE),may be beneficial in the glycemic management of this population,enhancement of muscle strength,and general health for the growing,development and maturation in children.The evidence depicting its benefits and safeguard for RE in pediatric T1DM patients remains underexamined.This mini-review seeks to synthesize qualitatively the current evidence on RE regarding its global effects on the T1DM in children.A search for peer-reviewed papers is carried out through primary databases,centering on publications that examined the physiological,metabolic,and psychosocial consequences of RE in children with T1DM.Emerging evidence indicates that RE is one potential method of safe and efficacious intervention to improve glycemic management,physical capacity,and quality of life.However,there is still some reluctance to this type of training in the pediatric population.The available research has not only refuted the belief that strength training was contraindicated in the pediatric population but also recommends its systematic practice to enjoy its benefits on the three spheres of health.Nevertheless,methodological differences and small population studies pose challenges to drawing firm conclusions.The review underscores other areas,including the need for standardizing protocols for including patients such as follow-ups and greater considerations for psychosocial effects of RE in this population.This minireview underlines the importance of RE in a global approach to pediatric diabetes care by providing practical insight for both clinicians and researchers.
文摘Background:Stretching has wide appeal,but there seems to exist some mismatch between its purported applications and what the evidence shows.There is compelling evidence for some stretching applications,but for others,the evidence seems heterogeneous or unsupportive.The discrepancies even affect some systematic reviews,possibly due to heterogeneous eligibility criteria and search strategies.This consensus paper seeks to unify the divergent findings on stretching and its implications for both athletic performance and clinical practices by delivering evidence-based recommendations.Methods:A panel of 20 experts with a blend of practical experience and scholarly knowledge was assembled.The panel meticulously reviewed existing systematic reviews,defined key terminologies(e.g.,consensus definitions for different stretching modes),and crafted guidelines using a Delphi consensus approach(minimum required agreement:80%).The analysis focused on 8 topics,including stretching's acute and chronic(long-term)effects on range of motion,strength performance,muscle hypertrophy,stiffness,injury prevention,muscle recovery,posture correction,and cardiovascular health.Results:There was consensus that chronic and acute stretching(a)improves range of motion(although alternatives exist)and(b)reduces muscle stiffness(which may not always be desirable);the panel also agreed that chronic stretching(c)may promote vascular health,but more research is warranted.In contrast,consensus was found that stretch training does not(a)contribute substantively to muscle growth,(b)serve as an allencompassing injury prevention strategy,(c)improve posture,or(d)acutely enhance post-exercise recovery.Conclusion:These recommendations provide guidance for athletes and practitioners,highlighting research gaps that should be addressed to more comprehensively understand the full scope of stretching effects.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Social Development Science and Technology Reach Project(22dz1204600)Shanghai Sports Science and Technology Program(24C002)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0803800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200515,32271226)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai outstanding academic leaders plan(21XD1403200).
文摘Background Physical activity can regulate and affect gene expression in multiple tissues and cells.Recently,with the development of next-generation sequencing,a large number of RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)-based gene expression profiles about physical activity have been shared in public resources;however,they are poorly curated and underutilized.To tackle this problem,we developed a data atlas of such data through comprehensive data collection,curation,and organization.Methods The data atlas,termed gene expression profiles of RNA-seq-based exercise responses(GEPREP),was built on a comprehensive collection of high-quality RNA-seq data on exercise responses.The metadata of each sample were manually curated.Data were uniformly processed and batch effects corrected.All the information was well organized in an easy-to-use website for free search,visualization,and download.Results GEPREP now includes 69 RNA-seq datasets of pre-and post-exercise,comprising 26 human datasets(1120 samples)and 43 mouse datasets(1006 samples).Specifically,there were 977(87.2%)human samples of skeletal muscle and 143(12.8%)human samples of blood.There were also samples across 9 mice tissues with skeletal muscle(359,35.7%)and brain(280,27.8%)accounting for the main fractions.Metadata—including subject,exercise interventions,sampling sites,and post-processing methods—are also included.The metadata and gene expression profiles are freely accessible at http://www.geprep.org.cn/.Conclusion GEPREP is a comprehensive data atlas of RNA-seq-based gene expression profiles responding to exercise.With its reliable annotations and user-friendly interfaces,it has the potential to deepen our understanding of exercise physiology.
文摘1.IntroductionPassive movement is a 200+year-old manipulation involving the external movement of an individuals’limbs or body absent voluntary effort or muscle contraction.1The original application of passive movement was therapist-guided limb manipulation to increase range of motion and blood supply following acute and chronic injury.
基金supported in part by NIH Grant No. U01 TR002004 (REACH project)Research by TP and CFL is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, ISCIII)+3 种基金Fondos FEDER (grant numbers PI22/00201 (TP)PI20/00645 and PI23/00396 (CF-L))Research by CFL is also funded by ISCIII (FORT23/00023)Research by AL and CF-L is funded by Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds (WKOF) as part of the World Cancer Research Fund International grant programme (IIG_FULL_2021_007).
文摘Regular physical activity is associated with lower adult cancer incidence and mortality,1 with this protective association seemingly independent of important risk factors (high body weight, smoking).2 The potential preventive effect of an active lifestyle was presumed a long time ago by some visionary scientists.
文摘Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.
