China-US strategic competition has intensified in recent years,and anti-China forces in the US have preached the“clash of civilizations”thesis and launched an ideological containment against China.They have also set...China-US strategic competition has intensified in recent years,and anti-China forces in the US have preached the“clash of civilizations”thesis and launched an ideological containment against China.They have also set up barriers to people-to-people exchanges between the two countries in an attempt to constitute a decoupling.Such actions have undermined the normal people-to-people exchanges between the two sides,aggravated bilateral relations,and made the two peoples perceive each other more negatively.In the face of US provocations,China firmly opposes and strongly condemns the restrictions imposed by American anti-China forces on bilateral people-to-people exchanges.Meanwhile,China will maintain its strategic focus,and,under the guidance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy,continue to promote normal people-topeople exchanges between the two countries and strive to develop China-US relations featuring coordination,cooperation and stability.展开更多
On February 20, the opening ceremony of the 2019 China-ASEAN Year of Media Exchanges took place in Beijing. In a congratulatory message to the event, Chinese President Xi Jinping said:“I hope the media from both side...On February 20, the opening ceremony of the 2019 China-ASEAN Year of Media Exchanges took place in Beijing. In a congratulatory message to the event, Chinese President Xi Jinping said:“I hope the media from both sides can serve as messengers of friendly exchanges, facilitators of pragmatic cooperation, guardians of harmonious coexistence and good storytellers on topics of peace and development to make great contributions to construction of a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future.”展开更多
Chinese Association for International Understanding,Here are our sincere congratulations to the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU).Founded under the gui...Chinese Association for International Understanding,Here are our sincere congratulations to the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU).Founded under the guidance of China’s policies of reform and opening-up,CAFIU has been conducting friendly people-to-people exchanges with countries around the world,which yielded fruitful results.展开更多
At the invitation of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung（FES） of Germany, Bill Center for Promotionand Development of Belt and Road Initiativeof Bosnia and Herzegovina and Green Home ofMontenegro, a delegation from China A...At the invitation of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung（FES） of Germany, Bill Center for Promotionand Development of Belt and Road Initiativeof Bosnia and Herzegovina and Green Home ofMontenegro, a delegation from China Associationfor International Understanding （CAFIU） ledby its Vice-President Ai Ping, also former Vice-Minister of the International Department of theCPC Central Committee paid a visit to the threecountries from May 3 to 12.展开更多
Chinese Association for International Understanding,On behalf of the Ehime Japan-China Association for Agricultural,Forestry and Aquacultural Exchanges,I would like to extend heartfelt congratulations to you for the 4...Chinese Association for International Understanding,On behalf of the Ehime Japan-China Association for Agricultural,Forestry and Aquacultural Exchanges,I would like to extend heartfelt congratulations to you for the 40th anniversary on September 28,2021,and pay tribute to your efforts in international exchanges.Japan and China are neighbors enjoying traditional friendship and facing each other across the sea.展开更多
The year 2024 was a pivotal year for achieving the objectives and tasks outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan.Confronted with a complex and severe situation characterized by intensified external pressures and increased ...The year 2024 was a pivotal year for achieving the objectives and tasks outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan.Confronted with a complex and severe situation characterized by intensified external pressures and increased internal di伍culties,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the whole Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to respond calmly and take comprehensive measures.As a result,the overall economy remained stable with signs of improvement and encouraging achievements.The year 2024 was also a crucial year for further deepening reform.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee outlined a blueprint for advancing comprehensive reforms in the new era,marking an important milestone for both honoring past achievements and moving forward into the future.展开更多
General Secretary Xi Jinping has-emphasized that finance is one of the matters of national significance and is crucial to achieving Chinese modernization.The capital account is an important area of China's financi...General Secretary Xi Jinping has-emphasized that finance is one of the matters of national significance and is crucial to achieving Chinese modernization.The capital account is an important area of China's financial reform and opening-up,as well as the building of a financially robust country.We should focus on increasing the supply of facilitation policies and services,controlling the pace of opening-up,improving the quality of openingup,and better serving Chinese modernization through the high-quality development of foreign exchange administration.Recently,to facilitate enterprises,individuals,and other entities in handling foreign exchange business under the capital account,the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE)has widely solicited views and suggestions from market participants.Based on their feedback,the SAFE has revised and released the Guidelines for the Foreign Exchange Business Under the Capital Account(2024)(hereinafter referred to as the new version of the Guidelines).展开更多
Tagore's journey to becoming a global promoter of East-West cultural exchange offers valuable insights for contemporary global cultural exchange."tree you can 66‘A barely reach your arms around grows from a ...Tagore's journey to becoming a global promoter of East-West cultural exchange offers valuable insights for contemporary global cultural exchange."tree you can 66‘A barely reach your arms around grows from a tiny shoot.A nine-story tower begins as a heap of earth."This ancient Chinese saying echoes the profound and evolving relationship between Rabindranath Tagore and Chinese culture,and his infuence on world culture.Over the past century,this relationship has become a classic topic in the history of Sino-Indian cultural exchange and global cultural exchange,with timeless research value that scholars from different eras,countries."展开更多
2023 was the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 2oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,and it was a year of economic recovery and development following the transition period of COVID-19...2023 was the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 2oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,and it was a year of economic recovery and development following the transition period of COVID-19 prevention and control in the past three years.Over the past year,under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,China has withstood external pressures,overcome internal difficulties,and achieved a recovery in the economy.High-quality development has been steadily promoted,and solid steps have been taken in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.展开更多
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council are committed to enhancing foreign exchange services for expatriates within China's borders.On March 7,2024,the General Office of the...The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council are committed to enhancing foreign exchange services for expatriates within China's borders.On March 7,2024,the General Office of the State Council unveiled the Opinions on Further Optimizing Payment Services to Elevate Payment Convenience.展开更多
Wish the Chinese Opera Festival in Paris becomes a door that will never be closed,so that the Chinese opera can bloom colorfully on the world stage,helping the people with various ethnic and cultural backgrounds get t...Wish the Chinese Opera Festival in Paris becomes a door that will never be closed,so that the Chinese opera can bloom colorfully on the world stage,helping the people with various ethnic and cultural backgrounds get to know and understand each other in the ocean of art,and jointly witness and protect the diversity and prosperity of the human civilization.展开更多
River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by gen...River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.展开更多
International exchange is an important part of China’s educational opening up,cooperation,and connection with other countries.It also serves as a unique strategic resource,helping to develop and consolidate mutual po...International exchange is an important part of China’s educational opening up,cooperation,and connection with other countries.It also serves as a unique strategic resource,helping to develop and consolidate mutual political trust,diplomatic exchange,economic and trade relations,cultural exchange and educational cooperation between China and other countries in the world,thereby enhancing China’s international image.We have seen positive contributions made to our progress towards peace among peoples,and noted the irreplaceable role played by China.International educational exchange is an important part of global international student flows.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up,China has experienced a development process in education from language students to students at all levels and from quantity to quality.The change in the type of international students studying in China and of Chinese students studying abroad reflects the Chinese spirit and the broadening the appeal of China’s programs.It can be interpreted as the fulfillment of the“Chinese Dream,”contributing to national revitalization.The trade imbalance between exporting countries and destination countries in international educational exchange has been reduced.展开更多
Generative artificial intelligence,represented by large language models,holds vast application scenarios and significant development potential in the field of language teaching.This study employs large language models...Generative artificial intelligence,represented by large language models,holds vast application scenarios and significant development potential in the field of language teaching.This study employs large language models such as ChatGPT4o,ERNIE Bot,and Spark Cognition to explore how they empower teachers in international Chinese language teaching through practical cases.It focuses on various aspects of international Chinese language teaching and language skills training,examining the application effects of large language models in generating tailored teaching content and converting textual content into multimodal teaching materials.Finally,the study proposes that teachers should rationally recognize the opportunities and challenges that large language models bring to the teaching ecosystem,while acknowledging the models’efficiency in empowering teachers’instruction,it is crucial to fully recognize their essential tool nature,uphold teachers’subjectivity,and pay close attention to the boundaries of their development and application.展开更多
The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for th...The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for the market service for green energy consumers.This study proposed a two-stage feature extraction approach for green energy consumers leveraging clustering and termfrequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)algorithms within a knowledge graph framework to provide an information basis that supports the green development of the retail electricity market.First,the multi-source heterogeneous data of green energy consumers under an actual market environment is systematically introduced and the information is categorized into discrete,interval,and relational features.A clustering algorithm was employed to extract features of the trading behavior of green energy consumers in the first stage using the parameter data of green retail electricity contracts.Then,TF-IDF algorithm was applied in the second stage to extract features for green energy consumers in different clusters.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated based on the actual operational data in a southern province of China.It is shown that the most significant discrepancy between the retail trading behaviors of green energy consumers is the power share of green retail packages,whose averaged values are 25.64%,50%,39.66%,and 24.89%in four different clusters,respectively.Additionally,power supply bureaus and electricity retail companies affects the behavior of the green energy consumers most significantly.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played a significant role in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF).To study TCM diagnosis of CHF,a total of 278 Chinese clinical research articles on the study...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played a significant role in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF).To study TCM diagnosis of CHF,a total of 278 Chinese clinical research articles on the study of CHF syndromes in recent 40 years retrieved from Web of Science,Scopus,Pub Med,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,Cq VIP,and Sino Med.According to cumulative frequency analysis,network analysis,and hierarchical cluster analysis,the study found the distribution of CHF syndromes was syndrome of qi deficiency with blood stasis,syndrome of qi and yin deficiency,syndrome of yang deficiency with water flooding,syndrome of heart blood stasis obstruction,syndrome of turbid phlegm,and syndrome of collapse due to primordial yang deficiency.The syndrome elements on location of illness were heart,kidney,lung,and spleen.The syndrome elements on nature of illness were qi deficiency,blood stasis,yang deficiency,yin deficiency,water retention,and turbid phlegm.These findings can provide reference to the research on diagnosis and treatment of CHF,and contribute to the study on syndrome standardization and objective research of TCM diagnosis.展开更多
A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))and NaClO was often used in water treatment.A novel UVA-LED(_(365) nm)-activated mixed ClO_(2)/NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this stud...A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))and NaClO was often used in water treatment.A novel UVA-LED(_(365) nm)-activated mixed ClO_(2)/NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this study.Carbamazepine(CBZ)was selected as the target pollutant.Compared with the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2) process,the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can improve the degradation of CBZ,with the rate constant increasing from 2.11×10^(−4) sec^(−1) to 2.74×10^(−4) sec^(−1).In addition,the consumption of oxidants in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process(73.67%)can also be lower than that of UVA_(365)/NaClO(86.42%).When the NaClO ratio increased,both the degradation efficiency of CBZ and the consumption of oxidants can increase in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process.The solution pH can affect the contribution of NaClO in the total oxidant ratio.When the pH range of 6.0-8.0,the combination process can generate more active species to promote the degradation of CBZ.The change of active species with oxidant molar ratio was investigated in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process.When ClO_(2) acted as the main oxidant,HO·and Cl·were the main active species,while when NaClO was the main oxidant,ClO·played a role in the system.Both chloride ion(Cl^(-)),bicarbonate ion(HCO_(3)^(-)),and nitrate ion(NO_(3)^(-))can promote the reaction system.As the concentration of NaClO in the reaction solution increased,the generation of chlorates will decrease.The UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can effectively control the formation of volatile disinfection by-products(DBPs),and with the increase of ClO_(2) dosage,the formation of DBPs can also decrease.展开更多
文摘China-US strategic competition has intensified in recent years,and anti-China forces in the US have preached the“clash of civilizations”thesis and launched an ideological containment against China.They have also set up barriers to people-to-people exchanges between the two countries in an attempt to constitute a decoupling.Such actions have undermined the normal people-to-people exchanges between the two sides,aggravated bilateral relations,and made the two peoples perceive each other more negatively.In the face of US provocations,China firmly opposes and strongly condemns the restrictions imposed by American anti-China forces on bilateral people-to-people exchanges.Meanwhile,China will maintain its strategic focus,and,under the guidance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy,continue to promote normal people-topeople exchanges between the two countries and strive to develop China-US relations featuring coordination,cooperation and stability.
文摘On February 20, the opening ceremony of the 2019 China-ASEAN Year of Media Exchanges took place in Beijing. In a congratulatory message to the event, Chinese President Xi Jinping said:“I hope the media from both sides can serve as messengers of friendly exchanges, facilitators of pragmatic cooperation, guardians of harmonious coexistence and good storytellers on topics of peace and development to make great contributions to construction of a closer China-ASEAN community with a shared future.”
文摘Chinese Association for International Understanding,Here are our sincere congratulations to the 40th anniversary of the establishment of Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU).Founded under the guidance of China’s policies of reform and opening-up,CAFIU has been conducting friendly people-to-people exchanges with countries around the world,which yielded fruitful results.
文摘At the invitation of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung（FES） of Germany, Bill Center for Promotionand Development of Belt and Road Initiativeof Bosnia and Herzegovina and Green Home ofMontenegro, a delegation from China Associationfor International Understanding （CAFIU） ledby its Vice-President Ai Ping, also former Vice-Minister of the International Department of theCPC Central Committee paid a visit to the threecountries from May 3 to 12.
文摘Chinese Association for International Understanding,On behalf of the Ehime Japan-China Association for Agricultural,Forestry and Aquacultural Exchanges,I would like to extend heartfelt congratulations to you for the 40th anniversary on September 28,2021,and pay tribute to your efforts in international exchanges.Japan and China are neighbors enjoying traditional friendship and facing each other across the sea.
文摘The year 2024 was a pivotal year for achieving the objectives and tasks outlined in the 14th Five-Year Plan.Confronted with a complex and severe situation characterized by intensified external pressures and increased internal di伍culties,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core united and led the whole Party and the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to respond calmly and take comprehensive measures.As a result,the overall economy remained stable with signs of improvement and encouraging achievements.The year 2024 was also a crucial year for further deepening reform.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee outlined a blueprint for advancing comprehensive reforms in the new era,marking an important milestone for both honoring past achievements and moving forward into the future.
文摘General Secretary Xi Jinping has-emphasized that finance is one of the matters of national significance and is crucial to achieving Chinese modernization.The capital account is an important area of China's financial reform and opening-up,as well as the building of a financially robust country.We should focus on increasing the supply of facilitation policies and services,controlling the pace of opening-up,improving the quality of openingup,and better serving Chinese modernization through the high-quality development of foreign exchange administration.Recently,to facilitate enterprises,individuals,and other entities in handling foreign exchange business under the capital account,the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE)has widely solicited views and suggestions from market participants.Based on their feedback,the SAFE has revised and released the Guidelines for the Foreign Exchange Business Under the Capital Account(2024)(hereinafter referred to as the new version of the Guidelines).
文摘Tagore's journey to becoming a global promoter of East-West cultural exchange offers valuable insights for contemporary global cultural exchange."tree you can 66‘A barely reach your arms around grows from a tiny shoot.A nine-story tower begins as a heap of earth."This ancient Chinese saying echoes the profound and evolving relationship between Rabindranath Tagore and Chinese culture,and his infuence on world culture.Over the past century,this relationship has become a classic topic in the history of Sino-Indian cultural exchange and global cultural exchange,with timeless research value that scholars from different eras,countries."
文摘2023 was the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 2oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,and it was a year of economic recovery and development following the transition period of COVID-19 prevention and control in the past three years.Over the past year,under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core,China has withstood external pressures,overcome internal difficulties,and achieved a recovery in the economy.High-quality development has been steadily promoted,and solid steps have been taken in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.
文摘The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council are committed to enhancing foreign exchange services for expatriates within China's borders.On March 7,2024,the General Office of the State Council unveiled the Opinions on Further Optimizing Payment Services to Elevate Payment Convenience.
文摘Wish the Chinese Opera Festival in Paris becomes a door that will never be closed,so that the Chinese opera can bloom colorfully on the world stage,helping the people with various ethnic and cultural backgrounds get to know and understand each other in the ocean of art,and jointly witness and protect the diversity and prosperity of the human civilization.
基金Three Gorges Follow-up Work Fund,Grant/Award Number:WE0161A042024National Key Research Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2024YFC3210900。
文摘River ethics,a significant advancement inspired by Chinese President XI Jinping's ecological civilization thought,embodies the philosophical essence of river governance and represents a legacy of innovation by generations of water resources professionals.Rooted in river ecology,it offers a framework for advancing modern water governance systems and capabilities.This paper examines eight dimensions of river ethics to provide actionable recommendations:enhancing knowledge systems on water,rivers,and lakes;addressing critical challenges in water governance to strengthen the foundational role of water authorities in ensuring water security,resource management,ecological sustainability and environmental protection;optimizing water project planning to mitigate ecological impacts;ensuring high standards in the lifecycle management of water projects;refining water diversion strategies for precise scheduling;utilizing ecosystem complexity for river and lake restoration;implementing tiered management of water-related disasters;and driving reforms to modernize water governance systems and mechanisms.
文摘International exchange is an important part of China’s educational opening up,cooperation,and connection with other countries.It also serves as a unique strategic resource,helping to develop and consolidate mutual political trust,diplomatic exchange,economic and trade relations,cultural exchange and educational cooperation between China and other countries in the world,thereby enhancing China’s international image.We have seen positive contributions made to our progress towards peace among peoples,and noted the irreplaceable role played by China.International educational exchange is an important part of global international student flows.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up,China has experienced a development process in education from language students to students at all levels and from quantity to quality.The change in the type of international students studying in China and of Chinese students studying abroad reflects the Chinese spirit and the broadening the appeal of China’s programs.It can be interpreted as the fulfillment of the“Chinese Dream,”contributing to national revitalization.The trade imbalance between exporting countries and destination countries in international educational exchange has been reduced.
文摘Generative artificial intelligence,represented by large language models,holds vast application scenarios and significant development potential in the field of language teaching.This study employs large language models such as ChatGPT4o,ERNIE Bot,and Spark Cognition to explore how they empower teachers in international Chinese language teaching through practical cases.It focuses on various aspects of international Chinese language teaching and language skills training,examining the application effects of large language models in generating tailored teaching content and converting textual content into multimodal teaching materials.Finally,the study proposes that teachers should rationally recognize the opportunities and challenges that large language models bring to the teaching ecosystem,while acknowledging the models’efficiency in empowering teachers’instruction,it is crucial to fully recognize their essential tool nature,uphold teachers’subjectivity,and pay close attention to the boundaries of their development and application.
基金support by the Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Power Exchange Center Co.,Ltd.(No.GDKJXM20222599)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52207104)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515010426).
文摘The rapid development of electricity retail market has prompted an increasing number of electricity consumers to sign green electricity contracts with retail electricity companies,which poses greater challenges for the market service for green energy consumers.This study proposed a two-stage feature extraction approach for green energy consumers leveraging clustering and termfrequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)algorithms within a knowledge graph framework to provide an information basis that supports the green development of the retail electricity market.First,the multi-source heterogeneous data of green energy consumers under an actual market environment is systematically introduced and the information is categorized into discrete,interval,and relational features.A clustering algorithm was employed to extract features of the trading behavior of green energy consumers in the first stage using the parameter data of green retail electricity contracts.Then,TF-IDF algorithm was applied in the second stage to extract features for green energy consumers in different clusters.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed approach was validated based on the actual operational data in a southern province of China.It is shown that the most significant discrepancy between the retail trading behaviors of green energy consumers is the power share of green retail packages,whose averaged values are 25.64%,50%,39.66%,and 24.89%in four different clusters,respectively.Additionally,power supply bureaus and electricity retail companies affects the behavior of the green energy consumers most significantly.
基金financed by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81803996)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment(No.21DZ2271000)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played a significant role in the prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure(CHF).To study TCM diagnosis of CHF,a total of 278 Chinese clinical research articles on the study of CHF syndromes in recent 40 years retrieved from Web of Science,Scopus,Pub Med,Embase,CNKI,Wanfang Data,Cq VIP,and Sino Med.According to cumulative frequency analysis,network analysis,and hierarchical cluster analysis,the study found the distribution of CHF syndromes was syndrome of qi deficiency with blood stasis,syndrome of qi and yin deficiency,syndrome of yang deficiency with water flooding,syndrome of heart blood stasis obstruction,syndrome of turbid phlegm,and syndrome of collapse due to primordial yang deficiency.The syndrome elements on location of illness were heart,kidney,lung,and spleen.The syndrome elements on nature of illness were qi deficiency,blood stasis,yang deficiency,yin deficiency,water retention,and turbid phlegm.These findings can provide reference to the research on diagnosis and treatment of CHF,and contribute to the study on syndrome standardization and objective research of TCM diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52170006)。
文摘A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide(ClO_(2))and NaClO was often used in water treatment.A novel UVA-LED(_(365) nm)-activated mixed ClO_(2)/NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this study.Carbamazepine(CBZ)was selected as the target pollutant.Compared with the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2) process,the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can improve the degradation of CBZ,with the rate constant increasing from 2.11×10^(−4) sec^(−1) to 2.74×10^(−4) sec^(−1).In addition,the consumption of oxidants in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process(73.67%)can also be lower than that of UVA_(365)/NaClO(86.42%).When the NaClO ratio increased,both the degradation efficiency of CBZ and the consumption of oxidants can increase in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process.The solution pH can affect the contribution of NaClO in the total oxidant ratio.When the pH range of 6.0-8.0,the combination process can generate more active species to promote the degradation of CBZ.The change of active species with oxidant molar ratio was investigated in the UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process.When ClO_(2) acted as the main oxidant,HO·and Cl·were the main active species,while when NaClO was the main oxidant,ClO·played a role in the system.Both chloride ion(Cl^(-)),bicarbonate ion(HCO_(3)^(-)),and nitrate ion(NO_(3)^(-))can promote the reaction system.As the concentration of NaClO in the reaction solution increased,the generation of chlorates will decrease.The UVA_(365)/ClO_(2)/NaClO process can effectively control the formation of volatile disinfection by-products(DBPs),and with the increase of ClO_(2) dosage,the formation of DBPs can also decrease.
