Background：Paraoxonase 1（PON1） is an antioxidant enzyme that protects high-density lipoprotein（HDL） and low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.Limited studies have addressed the influenc of exercise on PON1 ac...Background：Paraoxonase 1（PON1） is an antioxidant enzyme that protects high-density lipoprotein（HDL） and low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.Limited studies have addressed the influenc of exercise on PON1 activity and its relationship with PON1 phenotypes.We investigated relationships between PON1-192 phenotypes,PON1 activity,aerobic exercise,and blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in middle-aged women.Methods：An exercise group（n=50） engaging in regular aerobic exercise and a control group（n=41） were selected from a subset of 300 Caucasian women that met the inclusion criteria.Serum PON1,salt-stimulated PON1（SSPON1）,and arylesterase（ARE） activities;cholesterol levels and ARE activities of total HDL and HDL subgroups（HDLs）（supernatants obtained by polyethylene glycol）;and blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined by standardized enzymatic methods.PON1-192 QQ（low activity）,QR（moderate activity）,and RR（high activity） phenotype groups were define using serum SSPON1/ARE activity ratios.The R-carries（RC） phenotype group consisted of the QR and RR groups combined.Results：All lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were greater in the exercise group than in the control group.Regardless of phenotype,no significan differences were observed between the exercise and control groups in terms of serum PON1,SSPON1,or ARE activity associated with HDLs（p〉 0.05）,whereas PON1 activities in QQ-phenotyped women in the exercise group were significant y higher than those in the control group（p〈0.01）,but not the RC group.A statistically significan interaction between PON1 phenotypes（QQ and RC groups） and exercise（exercise and control groups） on PON1 activity was found.Conclusion：These results showed that a regular aerobic exercise program can improve PON1 activity depending on PON1-192 phenotype,but not on lipid and lipoprotein levels,in middle-aged Turkish women.展开更多
The probiotic products market has experienced significant growth in recent years,driven by increasing consumer demand for health benefits.This demand is largely fueled by the widespread promotion of probiotic products...The probiotic products market has experienced significant growth in recent years,driven by increasing consumer demand for health benefits.This demand is largely fueled by the widespread promotion of probiotic products,and is compounded by relatively lax regulations regarding these products compared to those for drugs.In this study,we sought to evaluate the consistency of product labels and contents for probiotic supplements in the Turkish and USA markets.A total of 44 commercially available probiotic products were included in the analysis,comprising 40 products from Turkey and 4 from the USA.Shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed to determine the microbiological content and functional characteristics of the products.Additionally,we evaluated the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence genes in each product.Our findings showed that 38.6%of the products contained microorganisms not indicated on their labels,while 15.9%of products did not contain one or more of the probiotic microorganisms specified on their labels.Moreover,over half of the probiotic products(68.2%)were found to contain at least one resistance gene,and 40.9%of the products carried multiple virulence genes.Streptococcus thermophilus being the primary contributor to the detected virulence genes.This study is the first to examine the label and content discrepancies of probiotic products in the Turkish market and one of the largest to analyze resistance gene profiles of probiotic supplements in the literature.These findings may suggest a potential public health risk and the need for whole genome sequencing analysis of probiotic supplements.展开更多
基金supported by the Ege University Scientifi Research Projects Directorate(2006-BESYO-004)
文摘Background：Paraoxonase 1（PON1） is an antioxidant enzyme that protects high-density lipoprotein（HDL） and low-density lipoprotein against oxidation.Limited studies have addressed the influenc of exercise on PON1 activity and its relationship with PON1 phenotypes.We investigated relationships between PON1-192 phenotypes,PON1 activity,aerobic exercise,and blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in middle-aged women.Methods：An exercise group（n=50） engaging in regular aerobic exercise and a control group（n=41） were selected from a subset of 300 Caucasian women that met the inclusion criteria.Serum PON1,salt-stimulated PON1（SSPON1）,and arylesterase（ARE） activities;cholesterol levels and ARE activities of total HDL and HDL subgroups（HDLs）（supernatants obtained by polyethylene glycol）;and blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were determined by standardized enzymatic methods.PON1-192 QQ（low activity）,QR（moderate activity）,and RR（high activity） phenotype groups were define using serum SSPON1/ARE activity ratios.The R-carries（RC） phenotype group consisted of the QR and RR groups combined.Results：All lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were greater in the exercise group than in the control group.Regardless of phenotype,no significan differences were observed between the exercise and control groups in terms of serum PON1,SSPON1,or ARE activity associated with HDLs（p〉 0.05）,whereas PON1 activities in QQ-phenotyped women in the exercise group were significant y higher than those in the control group（p〈0.01）,but not the RC group.A statistically significan interaction between PON1 phenotypes（QQ and RC groups） and exercise（exercise and control groups） on PON1 activity was found.Conclusion：These results showed that a regular aerobic exercise program can improve PON1 activity depending on PON1-192 phenotype,but not on lipid and lipoprotein levels,in middle-aged Turkish women.
文摘The probiotic products market has experienced significant growth in recent years,driven by increasing consumer demand for health benefits.This demand is largely fueled by the widespread promotion of probiotic products,and is compounded by relatively lax regulations regarding these products compared to those for drugs.In this study,we sought to evaluate the consistency of product labels and contents for probiotic supplements in the Turkish and USA markets.A total of 44 commercially available probiotic products were included in the analysis,comprising 40 products from Turkey and 4 from the USA.Shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed to determine the microbiological content and functional characteristics of the products.Additionally,we evaluated the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence genes in each product.Our findings showed that 38.6%of the products contained microorganisms not indicated on their labels,while 15.9%of products did not contain one or more of the probiotic microorganisms specified on their labels.Moreover,over half of the probiotic products(68.2%)were found to contain at least one resistance gene,and 40.9%of the products carried multiple virulence genes.Streptococcus thermophilus being the primary contributor to the detected virulence genes.This study is the first to examine the label and content discrepancies of probiotic products in the Turkish market and one of the largest to analyze resistance gene profiles of probiotic supplements in the literature.These findings may suggest a potential public health risk and the need for whole genome sequencing analysis of probiotic supplements.
