This study aims at investigating the effects of foliar application of aqueous solutions of La3+and Ce3+nitrates on soybean plants(Glycine max).First,we observe that Triton HW 1000 surfactant at 0.01 vol%reduces drople...This study aims at investigating the effects of foliar application of aqueous solutions of La3+and Ce3+nitrates on soybean plants(Glycine max).First,we observe that Triton HW 1000 surfactant at 0.01 vol%reduces droplets contact angle and increases their drying time.Under greenhouse conditions,the foliar treatments do not affect chlorophyll content,plant height,number of leaves,number of pods,number of seeds per pod,and average seed weight.However,the treatments induce phytotoxicity since foliar injuries appear after the spraying.Microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy combined to scanning electron microscopy shows that the leaf lesions are positively correlated to accumulation of Ce and La on the leaf surface and also promote structural alteration to the epidermal cells.X-ray absorption near edge structure shows that the La and Ce nitrates are partially bio transformed into oxides by the leaves which might explain the harmful effects.展开更多
Precipitation isotope ratios(O and H)record the history of water phase transitions and fractionation processes during moisture transport and rainfall formation.Here,we evaluated the isotopic composition of precipitati...Precipitation isotope ratios(O and H)record the history of water phase transitions and fractionation processes during moisture transport and rainfall formation.Here,we evaluated the isotopic composition of precipitation over the central-southeastern region of Brazil at different timescales.Monthly isotopic compositions were associated with classical effects(rainfall amount,seasonality,and continentality),demonstrating the importance of vapor recirculation processes and different regional atmospheric systems(South American Convergence Zone-SACZ and Cold Fronts-CF).While moisture recycling and regional atmospheric processes may also be observed on a daily timescale,classical effects such as the amount effect were not strongly correlated(δ^(18)O-precipitation rate r≤-0.37).Daily variability revealed specific climatic features,such asδ^(18)O depleted values(~-6‰to-8‰)during the wet season were associated with strong convective activity and large moisture availability.Daily isotopic analysis revealed the role of different moisture sources and transport effects.Isotope ratios combined with d-excess explain how atmospheric recirculation processes interact with convective activity during rainfall formation processes.Our findings provide a new understanding of rainfall sampling timescales and highlight the importance of water isotopes to decipher key hydrometeorological processes in a complex spatial and temporal context in central-southeastern Brazil.展开更多
Existential state of solutes substantially affects the efficiency and direction of vari-ous chemical and biological processes,about which current consensus is still limited at macro and micro levels.At the trace level,...Existential state of solutes substantially affects the efficiency and direction of vari-ous chemical and biological processes,about which current consensus is still limited at macro and micro levels.At the trace level,solutes assume a pivotal role across a spectrum of criticalfields.However,their existential states,especially at inter-faces,remain largely elusive.Herein,an exceptional evolution of solute molecules is unveiled from micro to trace,solution to interface,with the aid of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,extinction,DLS and theoretical simulations.Given predom-inant existence of monomers within the solution,these aggregates dominate the interfacial behavior of solute molecules.Moreover,a universal,aggregate-controlled mechanism is demonstrated that aggregates triggered by cosolvent,which can dra-matically promote efficiency of catalytic reactions.The results provide novel insights into the interaction mechanisms between reactants and catalysts,potentially offering fresh perspectives for the manipulation of multiphase catalysis and related biological processes.展开更多
Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative,rod-shaped,polar flagellate,facultatively anaerobic,halophilic,bioluminescent marine bacteria that belongs to the family of Vibrionaceae,class,Gammaproteobacteria.This pathogenic orga...Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative,rod-shaped,polar flagellate,facultatively anaerobic,halophilic,bioluminescent marine bacteria that belongs to the family of Vibrionaceae,class,Gammaproteobacteria.This pathogenic organism is responsible for various diseases of vertebrates and invertebrates in marine habitats,including shrimp aquaculture.Various symptoms like lesions,gastroenteritis,skin ulcers,eye lesions,and tail rot have been observed due to V.harveyi infection.The pathogenic-ity mechanism of V.harveyi involves endotoxin lipopolysaccharide,extracellular proteases,and bacteriophage interaction.Hemolysin genes encoded extracellular hemolysin-like phospholipase B toxin could inactivate fish species via the caspase inactivation pathway,ultimately leading to apoptosis.In addition,VBNC(viable but nonculturable)cells are another basis of vibriosis outbreaks in the shrimp aquaculture sector.The extensive amount of antibiotic use promotes the generation of multidrug-resistant strains.Therefore,as an alternative strategy to combat V.harveyi infection,bacteriophages are utilized as a biocontrol agent.However,there is a lack of research on the immobilization and development of encapsulation strategies of V.harveyi-infecting bacteriophages which need to be studied further.In conclusion,the pathogenicity of V.harveyi and its biocontrol by bacteriophages has been documented in this review.展开更多
Interfacial host–vip complexation offers a versatile way to functionalize nanomaterials.However,the complicated interfacial environment and trace amounts of components present at the interface make the study of int...Interfacial host–vip complexation offers a versatile way to functionalize nanomaterials.However,the complicated interfacial environment and trace amounts of components present at the interface make the study of interfacial complexation very difficult.Herein,taking the advantages of near-single-molecule level sensitivity and molecular fingerprint of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS),we reveal that a cooperative effect between cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and methyl viologen(MV^(2+)2^(I−))in aggregating Au NPs originates from the cooperative adsorption of halide counter anions I^(−),MV^(2+),and CB[7]on Au NPs surface.Moreover,similar SERS peak shifts in the control experiments using CB[n]s but with smaller cavity sizes suggested the occurrence of the same vip complexations among CB[5],CB[6],and CB[7]with MV2+.Hence,an unconventional exclusive complexation model is proposed between CB[7]and MV^(2+)on the surface of Au NPs,distinct from the well-known 1:1 inclusion complexation model in aqueous solutions.In summary,new insights into the fundamental understanding of host–vip interactions at nanostructured interfaces were obtained by SERS,which might be useful for applications related to host–vip chemistry in engineered nanomaterials.展开更多
The visual integrity of mountains contributing to cultural landscapes as nature-culture attributes is often obscured by the vertical intrusive built environment,especially in bufer areas of protected heritage zones.Th...The visual integrity of mountains contributing to cultural landscapes as nature-culture attributes is often obscured by the vertical intrusive built environment,especially in bufer areas of protected heritage zones.Therefore,this study argued that even low/medium-rise buildings that inappropriately appear in the horizontal visual plane could be a factor increasing sensitivity to this panoramic view.An integrative tool–visual sensitivity assessment–consists of Viewshed and Skyline analysis considering the pedestrian’s visual limitation in identifying the sensitive areas of the mountain view corridor in the historic city of Chiang Mai.The visible mountain areas(VMAs)were determined as a baseline,and their relationship with the visible building areas(VBAs)was then examined using statistical correlation to defne a strong negative relationship as the visual sensitive areas in fve zones.The results showed that the bufer zone was found to have more areas with visual sensitivity values,but this varies depending on the characteristics of buildings and the assessment from the view corridor.Meanwhile,in height-restricted areas,such as historic area zone 5,there are some concerns about the visual intrusion,which necessitates continuous monitoring using the assessment result as a guideline.Incorporating the results into implementation could support cultural landscape conservation in Chiang Mai city.The method is applicable in historic cities with similar settings to produce the baseline for the built environment that is harmonious with the cultural and historical characteristics of the city and with respect to its broader setting.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)(407380/2016-7)the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) in framework of Multiuser Equipment grant (2015-19121-8)+1 种基金Young Researcher Awards (2015/05942-0)the Masters scholarship for E.S.Rodrigues (2017/16375-4)。
文摘This study aims at investigating the effects of foliar application of aqueous solutions of La3+and Ce3+nitrates on soybean plants(Glycine max).First,we observe that Triton HW 1000 surfactant at 0.01 vol%reduces droplets contact angle and increases their drying time.Under greenhouse conditions,the foliar treatments do not affect chlorophyll content,plant height,number of leaves,number of pods,number of seeds per pod,and average seed weight.However,the treatments induce phytotoxicity since foliar injuries appear after the spraying.Microprobe X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy combined to scanning electron microscopy shows that the leaf lesions are positively correlated to accumulation of Ce and La on the leaf surface and also promote structural alteration to the epidermal cells.X-ray absorption near edge structure shows that the La and Ce nitrates are partially bio transformed into oxides by the leaves which might explain the harmful effects.
基金funded by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP)under Process 2018/06666-4the International Atomic Energy Agency grant BRA-17984 under the initiative CRP-F31004“Stable isotopes in precipitation and paleoclimatic archives in tropical areas to improve regional hydrological and climatic impact models”+1 种基金BRA-23531 under the initiative CRP-F31006“Isotope Variability of Rain for Assessing Climate Change Impacts”FAPESP for the scholarship provided under the Process 2019/03467-3.
文摘Precipitation isotope ratios(O and H)record the history of water phase transitions and fractionation processes during moisture transport and rainfall formation.Here,we evaluated the isotopic composition of precipitation over the central-southeastern region of Brazil at different timescales.Monthly isotopic compositions were associated with classical effects(rainfall amount,seasonality,and continentality),demonstrating the importance of vapor recirculation processes and different regional atmospheric systems(South American Convergence Zone-SACZ and Cold Fronts-CF).While moisture recycling and regional atmospheric processes may also be observed on a daily timescale,classical effects such as the amount effect were not strongly correlated(δ^(18)O-precipitation rate r≤-0.37).Daily variability revealed specific climatic features,such asδ^(18)O depleted values(~-6‰to-8‰)during the wet season were associated with strong convective activity and large moisture availability.Daily isotopic analysis revealed the role of different moisture sources and transport effects.Isotope ratios combined with d-excess explain how atmospheric recirculation processes interact with convective activity during rainfall formation processes.Our findings provide a new understanding of rainfall sampling timescales and highlight the importance of water isotopes to decipher key hydrometeorological processes in a complex spatial and temporal context in central-southeastern Brazil.
文摘Existential state of solutes substantially affects the efficiency and direction of vari-ous chemical and biological processes,about which current consensus is still limited at macro and micro levels.At the trace level,solutes assume a pivotal role across a spectrum of criticalfields.However,their existential states,especially at inter-faces,remain largely elusive.Herein,an exceptional evolution of solute molecules is unveiled from micro to trace,solution to interface,with the aid of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,extinction,DLS and theoretical simulations.Given predom-inant existence of monomers within the solution,these aggregates dominate the interfacial behavior of solute molecules.Moreover,a universal,aggregate-controlled mechanism is demonstrated that aggregates triggered by cosolvent,which can dra-matically promote efficiency of catalytic reactions.The results provide novel insights into the interaction mechanisms between reactants and catalysts,potentially offering fresh perspectives for the manipulation of multiphase catalysis and related biological processes.
基金The authors are grateful to Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),a statutory body of the Department of Science&Technology,Govt.of India(Sanction Order No.CRG/2019/001750 dated 14th January,2020)for financial assistance.
文摘Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative,rod-shaped,polar flagellate,facultatively anaerobic,halophilic,bioluminescent marine bacteria that belongs to the family of Vibrionaceae,class,Gammaproteobacteria.This pathogenic organism is responsible for various diseases of vertebrates and invertebrates in marine habitats,including shrimp aquaculture.Various symptoms like lesions,gastroenteritis,skin ulcers,eye lesions,and tail rot have been observed due to V.harveyi infection.The pathogenic-ity mechanism of V.harveyi involves endotoxin lipopolysaccharide,extracellular proteases,and bacteriophage interaction.Hemolysin genes encoded extracellular hemolysin-like phospholipase B toxin could inactivate fish species via the caspase inactivation pathway,ultimately leading to apoptosis.In addition,VBNC(viable but nonculturable)cells are another basis of vibriosis outbreaks in the shrimp aquaculture sector.The extensive amount of antibiotic use promotes the generation of multidrug-resistant strains.Therefore,as an alternative strategy to combat V.harveyi infection,bacteriophages are utilized as a biocontrol agent.However,there is a lack of research on the immobilization and development of encapsulation strategies of V.harveyi-infecting bacteriophages which need to be studied further.In conclusion,the pathogenicity of V.harveyi and its biocontrol by bacteriophages has been documented in this review.
基金This work was financially supported by the NSFC(no.41876099,91427304,91227111,21722304,and 21971216)the Xiamen Science and Technology Project(no.3502Z20183002).
文摘Interfacial host–vip complexation offers a versatile way to functionalize nanomaterials.However,the complicated interfacial environment and trace amounts of components present at the interface make the study of interfacial complexation very difficult.Herein,taking the advantages of near-single-molecule level sensitivity and molecular fingerprint of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS),we reveal that a cooperative effect between cucurbit[7]uril(CB[7])and methyl viologen(MV^(2+)2^(I−))in aggregating Au NPs originates from the cooperative adsorption of halide counter anions I^(−),MV^(2+),and CB[7]on Au NPs surface.Moreover,similar SERS peak shifts in the control experiments using CB[n]s but with smaller cavity sizes suggested the occurrence of the same vip complexations among CB[5],CB[6],and CB[7]with MV2+.Hence,an unconventional exclusive complexation model is proposed between CB[7]and MV^(2+)on the surface of Au NPs,distinct from the well-known 1:1 inclusion complexation model in aqueous solutions.In summary,new insights into the fundamental understanding of host–vip interactions at nanostructured interfaces were obtained by SERS,which might be useful for applications related to host–vip chemistry in engineered nanomaterials.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP20KK0101,JP20F40066.
文摘The visual integrity of mountains contributing to cultural landscapes as nature-culture attributes is often obscured by the vertical intrusive built environment,especially in bufer areas of protected heritage zones.Therefore,this study argued that even low/medium-rise buildings that inappropriately appear in the horizontal visual plane could be a factor increasing sensitivity to this panoramic view.An integrative tool–visual sensitivity assessment–consists of Viewshed and Skyline analysis considering the pedestrian’s visual limitation in identifying the sensitive areas of the mountain view corridor in the historic city of Chiang Mai.The visible mountain areas(VMAs)were determined as a baseline,and their relationship with the visible building areas(VBAs)was then examined using statistical correlation to defne a strong negative relationship as the visual sensitive areas in fve zones.The results showed that the bufer zone was found to have more areas with visual sensitivity values,but this varies depending on the characteristics of buildings and the assessment from the view corridor.Meanwhile,in height-restricted areas,such as historic area zone 5,there are some concerns about the visual intrusion,which necessitates continuous monitoring using the assessment result as a guideline.Incorporating the results into implementation could support cultural landscape conservation in Chiang Mai city.The method is applicable in historic cities with similar settings to produce the baseline for the built environment that is harmonious with the cultural and historical characteristics of the city and with respect to its broader setting.
