Pyrolysis technology has emerged as a promising method for converting waste polyurethane(WPU)from waste refrigerators into high-value chemicals.In this study,the copper(Cu)-assisted pyrolysis strategy was employed to ...Pyrolysis technology has emerged as a promising method for converting waste polyurethane(WPU)from waste refrigerators into high-value chemicals.In this study,the copper(Cu)-assisted pyrolysis strategy was employed to enhance the thermal degradation efficiency and product quality of WPU.Kinetic analysis revealed that the activation energy(E_(a)) of the Cu-assisted pyrolysis was 136.64 kJ·mol^(−1) and Cu-assisted pyrolysis was controlled by the combined processes of diffusion,nucleation and phase boundary reactions.Comprehensive product analysis,including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–mass spectrometry suggested that Cu promoted the cleavage of urethane bonds and accelerated the decarboxylation of isocyanates,increasing the yields of aniline and ethanol at lower temperatures.Meanwhile,Cu effectively suppressed the formation of halogenated and heterocyclic compounds by promoting the cleavage of C–X(X=Cl,F)bonds through electron transfer interactions.Thus,the E_(a) is decreased and the halogenated compounds is reduced.This work provides the theoretical basis for converting waste to high-valued products through co-pyrolysis techniques.展开更多
In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic developm...In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic development, but also damages the atmospheric environment. In the past year, China's atmospheric environment problems have occurred frequently, and the government has begun to pay attention to the improvement of the atmospheric environment. However, due to the limitation of many factors at this stage, there are still some problems to be solved in China's atmospheric environment monitoring. Only by identifying the root cause of the problem, formulating corresponding means and methods to improve the quality of monitoring, and effectively improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring, can environmental deterioration be further curbed, providing important data support for decision-makers at all levels, and finding a path to improve the quality of atmospheric environmental monitoring.展开更多
With the continuous development of social economy, the environmental pollution problem in our country is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the environmental protection and maintain the ecol...With the continuous development of social economy, the environmental pollution problem in our country is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the environmental protection and maintain the ecological environment in an all-round way. In the process of carrying out environmental protection work, the most indispensable and important component is environmental testing, which plays a multifaceted role. It not only plays an important role in environmental protection, but also plays an important and positive role in economic environment and people's health. With the deterioration of environmental problems, the role of environmental testing is more prominent. Environmental testing is a new research science with obvious comprehensive advantages and rich scientific contents. This is a very important driving force in the process of urban economic development. Relevant departments should pay more attention to environmental testing. From the actual point of view, appropriate and effective environmental protection measures should be taken to protect the ecological environment and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.展开更多
The current serious environmental pollution problem has seriously hindered the process of harmonious development between man and nature. Therefore, in order to further promote the harmonious development of man and nat...The current serious environmental pollution problem has seriously hindered the process of harmonious development between man and nature. Therefore, in order to further promote the harmonious development of man and nature, it is necessary to properly complete the environmental inspection work and effectively improve the environmental monitoring technology. At the same time, it is necessary to perfect and formulate relevant testing systems so that the environmental governance work can be relied on. The Environmental Protection Law stipulates that the subjective department of environmental protection administration under the State Council must establish an effective and perfect monitoring system, set scientific testing standards, and jointly establish an environmental testing network to improve the effectiveness of environmental management.展开更多
With the continuous growth of China's population and the rapid development of social economy, China's environmental pollution is characterized by diversity and complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to use app...With the continuous growth of China's population and the rapid development of social economy, China's environmental pollution is characterized by diversity and complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate biological detection technology to analyze the environmental pollution, which is helpful to understand the problem from ecological and biological perspectives.展开更多
At present, the problem of environmental loss is becoming more and more serious. In order to realize the sustainable development of the environment, it is necessary to increase the research of environmental monitoring...At present, the problem of environmental loss is becoming more and more serious. In order to realize the sustainable development of the environment, it is necessary to increase the research of environmental monitoring technology. If the environment is polluted, it will bring a series of chain reactions. If the specific pollution problem cannot be effectively controlled in a timely manner, it will seriously damage the entire ecosystem. At the same time, it will be irreversible. The environment on which people depend for their survival will also be adversely affected. If it continues to develop for a long time, it will be very disadvantageous to the development of the national economy as a whole. Based on this, this article focuses on the in-depth research and analysis of environmental testing technology and ecological sustainable development.展开更多
The improvement in the level of economic development has promoted the improvement of people's quality of life. In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution problems, both the state, the government an...The improvement in the level of economic development has promoted the improvement of people's quality of life. In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution problems, both the state, the government and the broad masses of the people have paid more attention to the treatment of environmental pollution. The government departments have also actively constructed an ecological environment monitoring system. By strengthening the supervision of domestic environmental protection work, more competitive and reliable monitoring data can be obtained, thus stimulating people's awareness of environmental protection, realizing the optimal management of the domestic environment and promoting the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. In the following, the article specifically analyzes the role of ecological environment monitoring in ecological environment protection and development measures.展开更多
High-resolution satellites have great application potential in the field of environmental protection in China. Using high-resolution satellites can provide more scientific data support for environmental protection in ...High-resolution satellites have great application potential in the field of environmental protection in China. Using high-resolution satellites can provide more scientific data support for environmental protection in China and effectively improve the effectiveness of environmental protection in China. At present, China has applied high-resolution satellites in environmental data monitoring and remote sensing technology and adopted the application advantages of high-resolution satellites, which have gained higher application value in atmospheric environment monitoring, water environment monitoring and ecological protection environment monitoring in China. However, the current technology application in the field of environmental protection still exist problems in the application system, using high resolution satellite images, in the future to be able to learn in the process of environmental data monitoring data image to the processing of high accuracy, for our country environmental monitoring and protection planning decisions in the late work to provide more accurate data support. This paper mainly analyzes the application value of high-resolution satellite in different fields of environmental protection, and discusses the future development direction of this technology in the field of environmental protection, hoping to provide reference for improving the application value of high-resolution satellite in environmental protection work.展开更多
The combined application of mineral fertilizer and biochar significantly improves the passivation of heavy metal-contaminated soil,surpassing the effects of individual application.This study has reinforced the validat...The combined application of mineral fertilizer and biochar significantly improves the passivation of heavy metal-contaminated soil,surpassing the effects of individual application.This study has reinforced the validation of their passivation competence as soil remediation agents by examining the multifaceted role of potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer combined with rice husk-based biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures.The soil leaching column experiment,conducted based on the adsorption experiments,has facilitated our scrutiny of the passivation impacts of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)when introducing different proportions of mineral fertilizers and biochar into the soil.These results indicate that biochar’s adsorption efficiency for Cd and Pb is significantly improved at escalated pyrolytic temperature conditions in a single solution.The biochar generated at 700℃(C700)renders adsorption effectiveness of approximately 84.24%for Cd and 99.74%for Pb.Biochar conspicuously registers superior adsorption efficiency towards Pb relative to Cd.The mineral fertilizer,which achieves an adsorption efficiency of 97.76%for Cd,is identified as the main adsorbent for Cd,although its competence is slightly lower compared to C700 for Pb adsorption.Within a complex solution,biochar and mineral fertilizer show reduced Cd and Pb adsorption levels compared to single solutions.There is a keen competition for adsorption surfaces witnessed between Cd and Pb,with Pb’s distribution coefficient(Kd)notably outpacing that of Cd.The isothermal adsorption analyses depict that the mineral fertilizer follows the Langmuir model for Cd adsorption,while C700 conveys the Freundlich model for Pb adsorption.The soil leaching column experiment’s results signify that the composite passivation agents significantly outperform the individual passivation agents in efficiency.The combined application of biochar and mineral fertilizer minimizes the cumulative leaching of Cd and Pb,with the optimal soil remedy proportion for heavy metal contamination being 7∶3.In practical application,mindful consideration should be accorded to the deployment ratios of different passivation agents.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection course differs between the young and healthy and the elderly with co-morbidities.In the latter a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cytokin...Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection course differs between the young and healthy and the elderly with co-morbidities.In the latter a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cytokine storm has been described with an unrestrained renin-angiotensin(Ang)system(RAS).RAS inhibitors[Ang converting enzyme inhibitors and Ang II type 1 receptor(AT1R)blockers]while appearing appropriate in COVID-19,display enigmatic effects ranging from protection to harm.MicroRNA-155(miR-155)-induced translational repression of key cardiovascular(CV)genes(i.e.,AT1R)restrains SARS-CoV-2-engendered RAS hyperactivity to tolerable and SARS-CoV-2-protective CV phenotypes supporting a protective erythropoietin(EPO)evolutionary landscape.MiR-155’s disrupted repression of the AT1R 1166C-allele associates with adverse CV and COVID-19 outcomes,confirming its decisive role in RAS modulation.RAS inhibition disrupts this miR-155-EPO network by further lowering EPO and miR-155 in COVID-19 with co-morbidities,thereby allowing unimpeded RAS hyperactivity to progress precariously.Current pharmacological interventions in COVID-19 employing RAS inhibition should consider these complex but potentially detrimental miR-155/EPO-related effects.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a chronic joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodelling.Despite its increasing prevalence,effective diagnostic,disease-limiting,and th...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a chronic joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodelling.Despite its increasing prevalence,effective diagnostic,disease-limiting,and therapeutic strategies remain unattainable.Recent studies have recognized the involvement of microRNA-155(miR-155)in the pathogenesis of OA and most of its risk factors while also identifying the antidiabetic drug metformin as a potential modulator of disease progression.MiR-155,a key endogenous regulator of the immune system,mechano-transduction,and multiple genetic pathways,interacts with OA targets of cellular energetic and circadian homeostasis,promoting systemic and local articular inflammation,cartilage matrix degradation,and chondrocyte apoptosis.Metformin,widely used for type 2 diabetes,has demonstrated anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative,and chondroprotective properties in OA,mainly through its activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B signalling.Enthrallingly,metformin targets the same cellular pathways as miR-155 with emerging evidence also suggesting miR-155 expression modulation,indicating synergistic,potentially disease-modifying effects in OA.This review highlights the central role of miR-155 in OA pathophysiology and its potential as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and progression.MiR-155 targeting-through microRNA therapeutics(mimics/antagomiRs)and/or metformin-could pave the way for innovative treatments,including novel articular delivery systems and cell-based therapies.展开更多
The Saxi tungsten deposit,located in the Laojunshan ore district of southeastern Yunnan Province,is a significant W-polymetallic deposit.The origins of tungstenbearing pegmatite dikes and quartz vein mineralization in...The Saxi tungsten deposit,located in the Laojunshan ore district of southeastern Yunnan Province,is a significant W-polymetallic deposit.The origins of tungstenbearing pegmatite dikes and quartz vein mineralization in the Saxi deposit remain poorly understood.This study employs in situ U-Pb dating of apatite from the altered granite,along with trace element and S-Pb isotopic analysis of arsenopyrite,to investigate the timing,source of ore-forming fluids and the mechanisms of tungsten enrichment.The apatite in the altered granite yields a U-Pb age of 147.0±4.0 Ma,indicating magmatic activity during the Early Cretaceous.Three generations of arsenopyrite(Apy)are identified:Apy-1 in the altered granite,Apy-2 in the pegmatite dikes and Apy-3 in the quartz veins.The S/Fe ratios for Apy-1,Apy-2 and Apy-3 range from 0.98 to 1.09,0.89 to 0.92 and 0.86 to 1.02,respectively(average 0.97),suggesting a magmatic-hydrothermal origin.Sulfur isotope values(δ^(34)S=4.29‰-8.11‰)indicate that it was likely sourced from deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids.Lead isotopic compositions of arsenopyrite suggest that the granitic parental magma is derived from the upper crust.These findings point to a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the vein-type tungsten mineralization,linked to a concealed magmatichydrothermal system in the Early Cretaceous.展开更多
The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterabil...The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterability; （3） provoke a release of COD from the biosolids, preferably transformed into biodegradable organics and （4） possibly destroy the filamentous micro-organisms responsible for sludge bulking. The experiments are carried out in a batch reactor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultrasonic apparatus consisted of a generator, a converter and a sonotrode, supplied by Alpha Ultrasonics under the brand name of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, at approximate concentration （DS/WAS） between 3.5 and 20g·L^-1. The release of COD from the WAS-phase into the filtrate phase is a function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of about 30% achievable at SE-values of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. A major fraction of the COD is transformed into biodegradable organics （BOD）. The reduction of DS-fraction of the sludge is equivalent to the COD-release rates. Although the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewaterability of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a slightly decreased dryness of the filter cake using vacuum filtration, and in increased values of the capillary suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewaterability is the result of considerably reduced floc sizes, offering an extended surface area. More surface water is bound （CST increases） and the filterability decreases due to clogging of the cake. To reach the same dryness as the untreated cake, the required dosage of poly-electrolyte increases proportionally with the level of ultrasound energy supplied. The ultrasonic reduction of filamentous WAS organisms is not conclusive and very little effect is seen at low intensities and short treatment durations. Microscopic analysis of the WAS identified the dominant presence of Actynomyces. Especially the release of COD and its transformation into BOD certainly merit further research.展开更多
In this work,microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans)in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash.Three proce...In this work,microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans)in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash.Three process additives(NaOH,Na2 HPO4,H2 O),temperatures(150℃,185℃,220℃)and reaction times(1 h,2 h,3 h)were investigated to identify their effect on the disposal of fly ash samples through orthogonal experiments.High-resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(HRGC/MS)was applied to determine the PCDD/F concentrations in MSWI fly ash.The experimental results revealed that 83.7%of total PCDD/Fs was degraded.Reaction temperature was the most important factor for the degradation of the total PCDD/Fs.Both direct destruction and chlorination reactions(the chlorination degree of PCDFs increased)took part in the degradation of PCDD/Fs in fly ash,which was a new discovery.Several PCDD/F indexes determined by the concentration of indicative congeners were found to quantitatively characterize the dioxin toxicity of the fly ash.Furthermore,heavy metals in the fly ash sample were solidified using microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment,which provided an experimental basis for the simultaneous disposal of dioxins and heavy metals.Thus,the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process should be considered for the future disposal of MSWI fly ash.展开更多
An active pipe-embedded building envelope, which is an external wall or roof with pipes embedded inside, was presented. This structure may utilize the circulating water in the pipe to transfer heat or coolth inside di...An active pipe-embedded building envelope, which is an external wall or roof with pipes embedded inside, was presented. This structure may utilize the circulating water in the pipe to transfer heat or coolth inside directly. This kind of structure is named ＂active pipe-embedded building envelope＂ due to dealing with the thermal energy actively inside the structure mass by circulating water. This structure not only deals with thermal energy before the external disturbance becomes cooling/heating load by using the circulating water, but also may use low-grade energy sources such as evaporative cooling, solar energy, and geothermal energy. In the meantime, this structure can also improve the indoor thermal comfort by tempering the internal wall surface temperature variation due to the thermal removal in the mass. This work further presents the thermal performance of this structure under a typical hot summer weather condition by comparing it with that of the conventional external wall/roof with numerical simulation. The results show that this pipe-embedded structure may reduce the external heat transfer significantly and reduce the internal wall surface temperature for improving thermal comfort. This work also presents the effects of the water temperature and the pipe spacing on the heat transfer of this structure. The internal surface heat transfer may reduce by about 2.6 W/mE when the water temperature reduces by 1℃ as far as a brick wall with pipes embedded inside is concerned. When the pipe spacing reduces by 50 mm, the internal wall surface heat flux can also reduce by about 2.3 W/m2.展开更多
To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden...To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes(probability) of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects: corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault; the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts' opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipeline in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately.展开更多
The key point for rational allocation of emergency resources is to match the oil spill response capacity with the risk of oil spill. This paper proposes an innovative risk-based model for quantitative regional emergen...The key point for rational allocation of emergency resources is to match the oil spill response capacity with the risk of oil spill. This paper proposes an innovative risk-based model for quantitative regional emergency resource allocation, which comprehensively analyzes the factors such as oil spill probability, hazard consequences, oil properties, weathering process and operation efficiency, etc. The model calculates three major resources, i.e., mechanical recovery, dispersion and absorption, according to the results of risk assessment. In a field application in Xiaohu Port, Guangzhou, China, and the model achieved scientific and rational allocation of emergency resources by matching the assessed risk with the regional capacity, and allocating emergency resources according to capability target. The model is considered to be beneficial to enhancing the resource efficiency and may contribute to the planning of capacity-building programs in high-risk areas.展开更多
The use of technical HCH （1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane）, DDT （dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane） and lindane in Heilongjiang River Basin （HRB） of China was studied. Between 1952 and 1984 the total usage ...The use of technical HCH （1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane）, DDT （dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane） and lindane in Heilongjiang River Basin （HRB） of China was studied. Between 1952 and 1984 the total usage in the HRB was 108900 t for technical HCH, and 4900 t for DDT, respectively, and the use of DDT due to dicofol application in the HRB was 220 t from 1984 to 2003. The usage of lindane in HRB was 109 t from 1991 to 2000. The results show that the highest technical HCH use （41800 t） in HRB was on maize, accounting for 38.3% of the total usage on all crops, followed by the use on wheat （28000 t, 25.7%） and on soybean （26600 t, 24.4%）. The highest DDT use （2300 t） was on soybean, accounting for 46.8% of the total usage on all crops, followed by the use on maize （1500 t, 31.3%） and on sorghum （600 t, 13.2%）. The major use of lindane was mainly on wheat. Gridded usage inventories of these three OCPs （organochlorine pesticides）, in HRB with a 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude resolution have been created by using different gridded cropland as surrogates. Some soil samples have also been collected in HRB. Data of usage and soil concentrations of 5： HCH in HRB match quite well to those in Shanghai region, and much higher soil concentration of 5： DDT in Shanghai region could be due to much heavier dicofol use in this region.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QE042)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741856)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172093).
文摘Pyrolysis technology has emerged as a promising method for converting waste polyurethane(WPU)from waste refrigerators into high-value chemicals.In this study,the copper(Cu)-assisted pyrolysis strategy was employed to enhance the thermal degradation efficiency and product quality of WPU.Kinetic analysis revealed that the activation energy(E_(a)) of the Cu-assisted pyrolysis was 136.64 kJ·mol^(−1) and Cu-assisted pyrolysis was controlled by the combined processes of diffusion,nucleation and phase boundary reactions.Comprehensive product analysis,including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and thermogravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–mass spectrometry suggested that Cu promoted the cleavage of urethane bonds and accelerated the decarboxylation of isocyanates,increasing the yields of aniline and ethanol at lower temperatures.Meanwhile,Cu effectively suppressed the formation of halogenated and heterocyclic compounds by promoting the cleavage of C–X(X=Cl,F)bonds through electron transfer interactions.Thus,the E_(a) is decreased and the halogenated compounds is reduced.This work provides the theoretical basis for converting waste to high-valued products through co-pyrolysis techniques.
文摘In the process of human society's progress, it also profoundly affects the surrounding environment. Many industries have air pollution problems. Traditional industry not only promotes China's economic development, but also damages the atmospheric environment. In the past year, China's atmospheric environment problems have occurred frequently, and the government has begun to pay attention to the improvement of the atmospheric environment. However, due to the limitation of many factors at this stage, there are still some problems to be solved in China's atmospheric environment monitoring. Only by identifying the root cause of the problem, formulating corresponding means and methods to improve the quality of monitoring, and effectively improving the accuracy and timeliness of environmental monitoring, can environmental deterioration be further curbed, providing important data support for decision-makers at all levels, and finding a path to improve the quality of atmospheric environmental monitoring.
文摘With the continuous development of social economy, the environmental pollution problem in our country is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must strengthen the environmental protection and maintain the ecological environment in an all-round way. In the process of carrying out environmental protection work, the most indispensable and important component is environmental testing, which plays a multifaceted role. It not only plays an important role in environmental protection, but also plays an important and positive role in economic environment and people's health. With the deterioration of environmental problems, the role of environmental testing is more prominent. Environmental testing is a new research science with obvious comprehensive advantages and rich scientific contents. This is a very important driving force in the process of urban economic development. Relevant departments should pay more attention to environmental testing. From the actual point of view, appropriate and effective environmental protection measures should be taken to protect the ecological environment and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.
文摘The current serious environmental pollution problem has seriously hindered the process of harmonious development between man and nature. Therefore, in order to further promote the harmonious development of man and nature, it is necessary to properly complete the environmental inspection work and effectively improve the environmental monitoring technology. At the same time, it is necessary to perfect and formulate relevant testing systems so that the environmental governance work can be relied on. The Environmental Protection Law stipulates that the subjective department of environmental protection administration under the State Council must establish an effective and perfect monitoring system, set scientific testing standards, and jointly establish an environmental testing network to improve the effectiveness of environmental management.
文摘With the continuous growth of China's population and the rapid development of social economy, China's environmental pollution is characterized by diversity and complexity. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate biological detection technology to analyze the environmental pollution, which is helpful to understand the problem from ecological and biological perspectives.
文摘At present, the problem of environmental loss is becoming more and more serious. In order to realize the sustainable development of the environment, it is necessary to increase the research of environmental monitoring technology. If the environment is polluted, it will bring a series of chain reactions. If the specific pollution problem cannot be effectively controlled in a timely manner, it will seriously damage the entire ecosystem. At the same time, it will be irreversible. The environment on which people depend for their survival will also be adversely affected. If it continues to develop for a long time, it will be very disadvantageous to the development of the national economy as a whole. Based on this, this article focuses on the in-depth research and analysis of environmental testing technology and ecological sustainable development.
文摘The improvement in the level of economic development has promoted the improvement of people's quality of life. In the face of increasingly severe environmental pollution problems, both the state, the government and the broad masses of the people have paid more attention to the treatment of environmental pollution. The government departments have also actively constructed an ecological environment monitoring system. By strengthening the supervision of domestic environmental protection work, more competitive and reliable monitoring data can be obtained, thus stimulating people's awareness of environmental protection, realizing the optimal management of the domestic environment and promoting the implementation of the sustainable development strategy. In the following, the article specifically analyzes the role of ecological environment monitoring in ecological environment protection and development measures.
文摘High-resolution satellites have great application potential in the field of environmental protection in China. Using high-resolution satellites can provide more scientific data support for environmental protection in China and effectively improve the effectiveness of environmental protection in China. At present, China has applied high-resolution satellites in environmental data monitoring and remote sensing technology and adopted the application advantages of high-resolution satellites, which have gained higher application value in atmospheric environment monitoring, water environment monitoring and ecological protection environment monitoring in China. However, the current technology application in the field of environmental protection still exist problems in the application system, using high resolution satellite images, in the future to be able to learn in the process of environmental data monitoring data image to the processing of high accuracy, for our country environmental monitoring and protection planning decisions in the late work to provide more accurate data support. This paper mainly analyzes the application value of high-resolution satellite in different fields of environmental protection, and discusses the future development direction of this technology in the field of environmental protection, hoping to provide reference for improving the application value of high-resolution satellite in environmental protection work.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(22NSFSC0191,22NSFSC3990)。
文摘The combined application of mineral fertilizer and biochar significantly improves the passivation of heavy metal-contaminated soil,surpassing the effects of individual application.This study has reinforced the validation of their passivation competence as soil remediation agents by examining the multifaceted role of potassium-silicon-calcium mineral fertilizer combined with rice husk-based biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures.The soil leaching column experiment,conducted based on the adsorption experiments,has facilitated our scrutiny of the passivation impacts of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)when introducing different proportions of mineral fertilizers and biochar into the soil.These results indicate that biochar’s adsorption efficiency for Cd and Pb is significantly improved at escalated pyrolytic temperature conditions in a single solution.The biochar generated at 700℃(C700)renders adsorption effectiveness of approximately 84.24%for Cd and 99.74%for Pb.Biochar conspicuously registers superior adsorption efficiency towards Pb relative to Cd.The mineral fertilizer,which achieves an adsorption efficiency of 97.76%for Cd,is identified as the main adsorbent for Cd,although its competence is slightly lower compared to C700 for Pb adsorption.Within a complex solution,biochar and mineral fertilizer show reduced Cd and Pb adsorption levels compared to single solutions.There is a keen competition for adsorption surfaces witnessed between Cd and Pb,with Pb’s distribution coefficient(Kd)notably outpacing that of Cd.The isothermal adsorption analyses depict that the mineral fertilizer follows the Langmuir model for Cd adsorption,while C700 conveys the Freundlich model for Pb adsorption.The soil leaching column experiment’s results signify that the composite passivation agents significantly outperform the individual passivation agents in efficiency.The combined application of biochar and mineral fertilizer minimizes the cumulative leaching of Cd and Pb,with the optimal soil remedy proportion for heavy metal contamination being 7∶3.In practical application,mindful consideration should be accorded to the deployment ratios of different passivation agents.
文摘Severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection course differs between the young and healthy and the elderly with co-morbidities.In the latter a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cytokine storm has been described with an unrestrained renin-angiotensin(Ang)system(RAS).RAS inhibitors[Ang converting enzyme inhibitors and Ang II type 1 receptor(AT1R)blockers]while appearing appropriate in COVID-19,display enigmatic effects ranging from protection to harm.MicroRNA-155(miR-155)-induced translational repression of key cardiovascular(CV)genes(i.e.,AT1R)restrains SARS-CoV-2-engendered RAS hyperactivity to tolerable and SARS-CoV-2-protective CV phenotypes supporting a protective erythropoietin(EPO)evolutionary landscape.MiR-155’s disrupted repression of the AT1R 1166C-allele associates with adverse CV and COVID-19 outcomes,confirming its decisive role in RAS modulation.RAS inhibition disrupts this miR-155-EPO network by further lowering EPO and miR-155 in COVID-19 with co-morbidities,thereby allowing unimpeded RAS hyperactivity to progress precariously.Current pharmacological interventions in COVID-19 employing RAS inhibition should consider these complex but potentially detrimental miR-155/EPO-related effects.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a chronic joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation,synovial inflammation,and subchondral bone remodelling.Despite its increasing prevalence,effective diagnostic,disease-limiting,and therapeutic strategies remain unattainable.Recent studies have recognized the involvement of microRNA-155(miR-155)in the pathogenesis of OA and most of its risk factors while also identifying the antidiabetic drug metformin as a potential modulator of disease progression.MiR-155,a key endogenous regulator of the immune system,mechano-transduction,and multiple genetic pathways,interacts with OA targets of cellular energetic and circadian homeostasis,promoting systemic and local articular inflammation,cartilage matrix degradation,and chondrocyte apoptosis.Metformin,widely used for type 2 diabetes,has demonstrated anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative,and chondroprotective properties in OA,mainly through its activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-B signalling.Enthrallingly,metformin targets the same cellular pathways as miR-155 with emerging evidence also suggesting miR-155 expression modulation,indicating synergistic,potentially disease-modifying effects in OA.This review highlights the central role of miR-155 in OA pathophysiology and its potential as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and progression.MiR-155 targeting-through microRNA therapeutics(mimics/antagomiRs)and/or metformin-could pave the way for innovative treatments,including novel articular delivery systems and cell-based therapies.
基金Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Project(grant no.202202AG050006)National Natural Science Foundation project(grant No.42272078)Yunnan Fundamental Research Project(grant No.202401CF070094).
文摘The Saxi tungsten deposit,located in the Laojunshan ore district of southeastern Yunnan Province,is a significant W-polymetallic deposit.The origins of tungstenbearing pegmatite dikes and quartz vein mineralization in the Saxi deposit remain poorly understood.This study employs in situ U-Pb dating of apatite from the altered granite,along with trace element and S-Pb isotopic analysis of arsenopyrite,to investigate the timing,source of ore-forming fluids and the mechanisms of tungsten enrichment.The apatite in the altered granite yields a U-Pb age of 147.0±4.0 Ma,indicating magmatic activity during the Early Cretaceous.Three generations of arsenopyrite(Apy)are identified:Apy-1 in the altered granite,Apy-2 in the pegmatite dikes and Apy-3 in the quartz veins.The S/Fe ratios for Apy-1,Apy-2 and Apy-3 range from 0.98 to 1.09,0.89 to 0.92 and 0.86 to 1.02,respectively(average 0.97),suggesting a magmatic-hydrothermal origin.Sulfur isotope values(δ^(34)S=4.29‰-8.11‰)indicate that it was likely sourced from deep magmatic-hydrothermal fluids.Lead isotopic compositions of arsenopyrite suggest that the granitic parental magma is derived from the upper crust.These findings point to a magmatic-hydrothermal origin for the vein-type tungsten mineralization,linked to a concealed magmatichydrothermal system in the Early Cretaceous.
文摘The present paper reports on extensive investigations using an ultrasomc treatment ot WAS, to study its potential to meet one or all of four objectives： （1） reduce WAS quantities; （2） achieve a better dewaterability; （3） provoke a release of COD from the biosolids, preferably transformed into biodegradable organics and （4） possibly destroy the filamentous micro-organisms responsible for sludge bulking. The experiments are carried out in a batch reactor of volume up to 2.3L. The ultrasonic apparatus consisted of a generator, a converter and a sonotrode, supplied by Alpha Ultrasonics under the brand name of Telsonic. Three different sludge kinds were tested, at approximate concentration （DS/WAS） between 3.5 and 20g·L^-1. The release of COD from the WAS-phase into the filtrate phase is a function of the specific energy-input SE with yields of about 30% achievable at SE-values of 30000 kJ·kg^-1. A major fraction of the COD is transformed into biodegradable organics （BOD）. The reduction of DS-fraction of the sludge is equivalent to the COD-release rates. Although the dry solids content （DS） is reduced, the dewaterability of the sludge is not improved. This reflects itself in a slightly decreased dryness of the filter cake using vacuum filtration, and in increased values of the capillary suction time （CST）. This more difficult dewaterability is the result of considerably reduced floc sizes, offering an extended surface area. More surface water is bound （CST increases） and the filterability decreases due to clogging of the cake. To reach the same dryness as the untreated cake, the required dosage of poly-electrolyte increases proportionally with the level of ultrasound energy supplied. The ultrasonic reduction of filamentous WAS organisms is not conclusive and very little effect is seen at low intensities and short treatment durations. Microscopic analysis of the WAS identified the dominant presence of Actynomyces. Especially the release of COD and its transformation into BOD certainly merit further research.
基金Supported by the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51621005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51676172)
文摘In this work,microwave treatment was introduced to a hydrothermal treatment process to degrade PCDD/Fs(Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans)in municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash.Three process additives(NaOH,Na2 HPO4,H2 O),temperatures(150℃,185℃,220℃)and reaction times(1 h,2 h,3 h)were investigated to identify their effect on the disposal of fly ash samples through orthogonal experiments.High-resolution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(HRGC/MS)was applied to determine the PCDD/F concentrations in MSWI fly ash.The experimental results revealed that 83.7%of total PCDD/Fs was degraded.Reaction temperature was the most important factor for the degradation of the total PCDD/Fs.Both direct destruction and chlorination reactions(the chlorination degree of PCDFs increased)took part in the degradation of PCDD/Fs in fly ash,which was a new discovery.Several PCDD/F indexes determined by the concentration of indicative congeners were found to quantitatively characterize the dioxin toxicity of the fly ash.Furthermore,heavy metals in the fly ash sample were solidified using microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment,which provided an experimental basis for the simultaneous disposal of dioxins and heavy metals.Thus,the microwave-assisted hydrothermal process should be considered for the future disposal of MSWI fly ash.
基金Project(51178201) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(2011CDB292) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China
文摘An active pipe-embedded building envelope, which is an external wall or roof with pipes embedded inside, was presented. This structure may utilize the circulating water in the pipe to transfer heat or coolth inside directly. This kind of structure is named ＂active pipe-embedded building envelope＂ due to dealing with the thermal energy actively inside the structure mass by circulating water. This structure not only deals with thermal energy before the external disturbance becomes cooling/heating load by using the circulating water, but also may use low-grade energy sources such as evaporative cooling, solar energy, and geothermal energy. In the meantime, this structure can also improve the indoor thermal comfort by tempering the internal wall surface temperature variation due to the thermal removal in the mass. This work further presents the thermal performance of this structure under a typical hot summer weather condition by comparing it with that of the conventional external wall/roof with numerical simulation. The results show that this pipe-embedded structure may reduce the external heat transfer significantly and reduce the internal wall surface temperature for improving thermal comfort. This work also presents the effects of the water temperature and the pipe spacing on the heat transfer of this structure. The internal surface heat transfer may reduce by about 2.6 W/mE when the water temperature reduces by 1℃ as far as a brick wall with pipes embedded inside is concerned. When the pipe spacing reduces by 50 mm, the internal wall surface heat flux can also reduce by about 2.3 W/m2.
基金the Marine Public Welfare Research Project of China (No. 201205012)Preferential Funding of Tianjin
文摘To the potential oil-spill risk caused by offshore pipeline more attention has been paid after the Dalian oil spill incident from oil-pipeline explosion. Since then an issue about how to prevent and control the sudden oil-spill from the offshore pipeline has been raised. In this paper, we proposed an optimized model to analyze the main causes(probability) of spill and the consequence with the fuzzy comprehensive assessment model. Considering the complicated assessment process for oil-spill, the assessment factor system involving the spill probability and consequence was established based on the operative manual and statistic leakage/damage data of offshore pipeline in order to estimate the integrated spill risk score automatically. The evaluated factors of spill probability could be grouped into five aspects: corrosion, fatigue, national damage, third party, and operational fault; the consequence evaluated factors of spill included hazard of oil and impact-controlling capability. With some modifications based on experts' opinions, each of the evaluated factors in our work was developed with a relative weight and evaluation criterion. A test example for an offshore pipeline in the Bohai waters was described to show how the model can be used for an actual case in more detail. By using the oil-spill risk assessment model, it is easy to determine the risk level associated with the ongoing activity and management level and hence to take the risk mitigation action immediately.
基金The Twelfth Five-Year National Science and Technology Support Program under contract No.2012BAC14B06the National Key R&D Program Marine Environmental Safety Guarantee Special Project under contract No.2016YFC1402306
文摘The key point for rational allocation of emergency resources is to match the oil spill response capacity with the risk of oil spill. This paper proposes an innovative risk-based model for quantitative regional emergency resource allocation, which comprehensively analyzes the factors such as oil spill probability, hazard consequences, oil properties, weathering process and operation efficiency, etc. The model calculates three major resources, i.e., mechanical recovery, dispersion and absorption, according to the results of risk assessment. In a field application in Xiaohu Port, Guangzhou, China, and the model achieved scientific and rational allocation of emergency resources by matching the assessed risk with the regional capacity, and allocating emergency resources according to capability target. The model is considered to be beneficial to enhancing the resource efficiency and may contribute to the planning of capacity-building programs in high-risk areas.
文摘The use of technical HCH （1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane）, DDT （dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane） and lindane in Heilongjiang River Basin （HRB） of China was studied. Between 1952 and 1984 the total usage in the HRB was 108900 t for technical HCH, and 4900 t for DDT, respectively, and the use of DDT due to dicofol application in the HRB was 220 t from 1984 to 2003. The usage of lindane in HRB was 109 t from 1991 to 2000. The results show that the highest technical HCH use （41800 t） in HRB was on maize, accounting for 38.3% of the total usage on all crops, followed by the use on wheat （28000 t, 25.7%） and on soybean （26600 t, 24.4%）. The highest DDT use （2300 t） was on soybean, accounting for 46.8% of the total usage on all crops, followed by the use on maize （1500 t, 31.3%） and on sorghum （600 t, 13.2%）. The major use of lindane was mainly on wheat. Gridded usage inventories of these three OCPs （organochlorine pesticides）, in HRB with a 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude resolution have been created by using different gridded cropland as surrogates. Some soil samples have also been collected in HRB. Data of usage and soil concentrations of 5： HCH in HRB match quite well to those in Shanghai region, and much higher soil concentration of 5： DDT in Shanghai region could be due to much heavier dicofol use in this region.
