Rapid growth in nature-based and super-premium tourism has increased environmental pressures on protected destinations such as Labuan Bajo and Komodo National Park(KNP)in Indonesia,raising concerns about biodiversity ...Rapid growth in nature-based and super-premium tourism has increased environmental pressures on protected destinations such as Labuan Bajo and Komodo National Park(KNP)in Indonesia,raising concerns about biodiversity conservation and responsible visitor behavior.Understanding how visitors value and support green tourism initiatives is therefore essential for designing effective and acceptable sustainability policies.This study explores visitor preferences and willingness to pay(WTP)for green tourism initiatives in Labuan Bajo and KNP,a renowned super-premium tourism destination in Indonesia.A choice experiment was employed to ascertain which green tourism options visitors prioritize.A total of 600 visitors completed surveys presenting different tourism scenarios.The data were then analyzed using statistical models to estimate to what extent visitors are willing to pay for each option.The study's primary focus was on five key aspects:green hotels,sustainable transportation,locally sourced products,environmental footprint reduction,and communication with locals.Three hypothetical scenarios were developed:Scenario 1 with a focus on eco-friendly accommodations;Scenario 2 with an emphasis on sustainable transportation and local engagement;and Scenario 3 with comprehensive green tourism initiatives.The findings showed robust support from visitors and clear WTP for programs such as green hotels,public transport,local food,and improved waste management.The findings also highlighted the significance of enhancing awareness regarding the protection of Komodo dragons and marine ecosystems as part of sustainable tourism.This study significantly contributes to the literature by quantifying visitor preferences within a United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)world heritage site and shows the potential for policies that support environmentally and socially responsible tourism in biodiversity-rich areas.展开更多
A fundamental objective within ecotoxicology lies in understanding and predicting effects of contaminants. This ob- jective is made more challenging when global climate change is considered as an environmental stress ...A fundamental objective within ecotoxicology lies in understanding and predicting effects of contaminants. This ob- jective is made more challenging when global climate change is considered as an environmental stress that co-occurs with con- taminant exposure. In this multi-stressor context, evolutionary processes are particularly important. In this paper, we consider several non-＂omic＂ approaches wherein evolutionary responses to stress have been studied and discuss those amenable to a mul- tiple stressor context. Specifically, we discuss common-garden designs, artificial and quasi-natural selection, and the estimation of adaptive potential using quantitative genetics as methods for studying evolutionary responses to contaminants and climate change in the absence of expensive molecular tools. While all approaches shed light on potential evolutionary impacts of stressor exposure, they also have limitations. These include logistical constraints, difficulty extrapolating to real systems, and responses tied strongly to specific taxa, populations, and/or testing conditions. The most effective way to lessen these inherent limitations is likely through inclusion of complementary physiological and molecular tools, when available. We believe that an evolutionary context to the study of contaminants and global climate change is a high priority in ecotoxicology and we outline methods that can be implemented by almost any researcher but will also provide valuable insights [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 690-701, 2015].展开更多
文摘Rapid growth in nature-based and super-premium tourism has increased environmental pressures on protected destinations such as Labuan Bajo and Komodo National Park(KNP)in Indonesia,raising concerns about biodiversity conservation and responsible visitor behavior.Understanding how visitors value and support green tourism initiatives is therefore essential for designing effective and acceptable sustainability policies.This study explores visitor preferences and willingness to pay(WTP)for green tourism initiatives in Labuan Bajo and KNP,a renowned super-premium tourism destination in Indonesia.A choice experiment was employed to ascertain which green tourism options visitors prioritize.A total of 600 visitors completed surveys presenting different tourism scenarios.The data were then analyzed using statistical models to estimate to what extent visitors are willing to pay for each option.The study's primary focus was on five key aspects:green hotels,sustainable transportation,locally sourced products,environmental footprint reduction,and communication with locals.Three hypothetical scenarios were developed:Scenario 1 with a focus on eco-friendly accommodations;Scenario 2 with an emphasis on sustainable transportation and local engagement;and Scenario 3 with comprehensive green tourism initiatives.The findings showed robust support from visitors and clear WTP for programs such as green hotels,public transport,local food,and improved waste management.The findings also highlighted the significance of enhancing awareness regarding the protection of Komodo dragons and marine ecosystems as part of sustainable tourism.This study significantly contributes to the literature by quantifying visitor preferences within a United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)world heritage site and shows the potential for policies that support environmentally and socially responsible tourism in biodiversity-rich areas.
文摘A fundamental objective within ecotoxicology lies in understanding and predicting effects of contaminants. This ob- jective is made more challenging when global climate change is considered as an environmental stress that co-occurs with con- taminant exposure. In this multi-stressor context, evolutionary processes are particularly important. In this paper, we consider several non-＂omic＂ approaches wherein evolutionary responses to stress have been studied and discuss those amenable to a mul- tiple stressor context. Specifically, we discuss common-garden designs, artificial and quasi-natural selection, and the estimation of adaptive potential using quantitative genetics as methods for studying evolutionary responses to contaminants and climate change in the absence of expensive molecular tools. While all approaches shed light on potential evolutionary impacts of stressor exposure, they also have limitations. These include logistical constraints, difficulty extrapolating to real systems, and responses tied strongly to specific taxa, populations, and/or testing conditions. The most effective way to lessen these inherent limitations is likely through inclusion of complementary physiological and molecular tools, when available. We believe that an evolutionary context to the study of contaminants and global climate change is a high priority in ecotoxicology and we outline methods that can be implemented by almost any researcher but will also provide valuable insights [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 690-701, 2015].
