First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee memb...First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,展开更多
Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coas...Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.展开更多
The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy f...The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.展开更多
There have been a very limited number of systematic studies on PM_(2.5)compositions and their source contribution in Southeast Asia.This study aims to explore the characteristics of PM_(2.5)composition collected in Ch...There have been a very limited number of systematic studies on PM_(2.5)compositions and their source contribution in Southeast Asia.This study aims to explore the characteristics of PM_(2.5)composition collected in Chiang Mai(Thailand)during La Nina and El Nino years and to apportion their sources during smoke haze and non-haze periods.The average PM_(2.5)concentration of smoke haze episode in 2019(El Nino)was much higher than in 2017(La Nina).The ratios of organic carbon(OC)to elemental carbon(EC),as well as K(biomass burning(BB)tracer)to PM_(2.5),were higher during smoke haze episodes in 2019 than in 2017 indicating a significant influence from BB.The ratios of secondary organic carbon(SOC)levels to primary organic carbon(POC)levels during smoke haze episodes were higher than those in non-haze period,which indicated greater SOC contributions or more photo-oxidation of precursors in haze episodes with high ambient temperatures.However,the ratios of soil markers(Ca and Mg)during non-haze period were high implying that soil source contributed more to PM_(2.5)concentrations when there less BB occurred.The positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model revealed that the source of BB,characterized by high K fractions,was the largest contributor during smoke haze episodes accounting for 50%(2017)and 79%(2019).Climate conditions influence meteorological patterns,particularly during incidences of extreme weather such as droughts,which affect the scale and frequency of open burning and thus air pollution levels.展开更多
Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides...Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides limited insights into the internal mechanisms and pathways for achieving green transformation of agricultural clusters.To address the challenges in international research on the collaborative green transformation of entire agricultural value chains,a theoretical analysis framework is constructed in this study,which is characterized by“point-line-plane three-layer embeddedness and four-force interaction,”positioning green innovation as a pivotal entry point.Through social network analysis,this study examines the processes and mechanisms underlying the collaborative green transformation of agricultural clusters and proposes viable pathways for implementation using the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster as a case study.The research findings are as follows:(1)The green transformation of agricultural clusters includes the green transformation of cluster behavior actors(point),formation of a green innovation network(line),construction of a green environment(plane),and embedded integration and coordinated transformation of the three.Green innovations generated by leading enterprises,universities,and research institutions serve as the foundation for this transformation,whereas farmers'adoption of these innovations forms the basis,and government policies provide regulatory environment to ensure successful implementation.The transformation is realized through green collaborative innovation and governance,achieving the“three-layer embeddedness.”(2)Under the influence of four driving forces,namely,market-driven mechanisms,environmental regulations,green innovation,and multidimensional proximity,actors at various levels form and embed green innovation networks that are integrated into regional environments through institutional constraints.This results in a“five-in-one”system of collaborative green innovation and governance encompassing enterprises,industries,technologies,institutions,and spatial dimensions,which constitute the internal mechanisms for the green transformation and upgrading of agricultural clusters.(3)Building on the“three-layer and four-force”framework,this study proposes pathways for achieving the green transformation of agricultural clusters,thereby providing theoretical insights and policy recommendations for developing countries to foster green agricultural clusters and enhance their agricultural sectors'international competitiveness.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the helminth intermediate host,Anentome(A.)helena,populations from northern Thailand and reveal the effect of parasitic infection on snail hos...Objective:To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the helminth intermediate host,Anentome(A.)helena,populations from northern Thailand and reveal the effect of parasitic infection on snail host populations.Methods:A.helena was collected throughout river drainages from northern Thailand and investigated for larval trematode infection.Seventy-three A.helena specimens were used to examine and re-construct the molecular phylogenetics(neighbour-joining,maximum likelihood,and Bayesian inference methods),genetic diversity,and population structure based on the concatenated datasets of COI and 16S rRNA(1178 bp).Results:The infection of zoogonid cercariae,heterophyid metacercariae,and echinostome metacercariae in the snail was found from 2 localities,including Mae Sa and Mae Pu Kha populations,with a total prevalence of 6.7%and 16.3%,respectively.The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network revealed three main clades and three haplogroups for each region(COI and 16S rRNA).High levels of genetic diversity in terms of haplotype diversity were found in parasitic infected populations.Conclusions:This is the first time that Echinostoma mekongi has been discovered from A.helena in northern Thailand.The results also showed that parasitic infection can affect the population genetic structure of the snail intermediate host,A.helena.Moreover,habitat and historical demographic changes could be other important factors that can affect the degree of population genetic structure in A.helena.Understanding the population structure of intermediate host species can inform parasite transmission dynamics and is useful for the creation of effective public health management strategies.展开更多
Phytoremediation is one of the cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies used to remove contaminants from contaminated soils,which has been intensively studied during the last decade.Presently,few economi...Phytoremediation is one of the cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies used to remove contaminants from contaminated soils,which has been intensively studied during the last decade.Presently,few economical and effective remediation methods are available for the remediation of Pb contaminated sites.This study was conducted to assess the potential of 19 plants growing on contaminated sites in Pb mine area.Plants and associated soil samples were collected and analyzed for total metal concentrati...展开更多
This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was cali...This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.展开更多
This work presents taboratory studies on the degradation of triazophos in intertidat sediment. The overall degradations were found to follow the first-order decay model. After being incubated for 6 d, the percentage o...This work presents taboratory studies on the degradation of triazophos in intertidat sediment. The overall degradations were found to follow the first-order decay model. After being incubated for 6 d, the percentage of degradations of triazophos in unsterilized and sterilized sediments were 94.5% and 20.5%, respectively. Between the temperatures of 15℃ and 35℃, the observed degradation rate constant（kob,d） enhanced as the incubation temperature increased. Triazophos in sediment degraded faster under aerobic condition than under anaerobic one. The water content of sediment had little influence on the degradation when it was in the range of 50%-100%. The values of kobsd decreased with increasing initial concentration of triazophos in sediment, which could result from the microorganism inhibition by triazophos. Four major degradation products, o, o-diethyl phosphorothioic acid, monoethyl phosphorothioic acid, phosphorothioic acid, and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1, 2,4-triazole, were tentatively identified as their corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The possible degradation pathway of triazophos in intertidal sediment was proposed. The results revealed that triazophos in intertidal sediment was relatively unstable and coutd be easily degraded.展开更多
Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia fab...Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.展开更多
A novel method for on-site determination of trace iron was developed using membrane preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Fe（II）-ferrozine complex was reacted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB...A novel method for on-site determination of trace iron was developed using membrane preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Fe（II）-ferrozine complex was reacted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） to form a Fe（II）-ferrozine-CTAB paired compound, which was collected on a membrane by filtration under vacuum. The membrane was immersed in 2 mL of ethanol-nitric acid and the absorbance of the solution measured for quantitative analysis. Various factors affecting the iron collection and determination were investigated. With different sample preconcentration volumes, the range of determination was broadened to 0.5-120 ~tg/L. The detection limit of this method reached 0.19 ktg/L and the recoveries were between 97.2 and 109% when the concentration enrichment was about 45. The relative standard deviation （n = 7） was 1.9% for samples containing 10 ~g/L Fe. Twelve seawater samples were analyzed on-site using the proposed method, and two were also analyzed in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No significant difference was shown between the two methods by the Student＇s t-test. The method has also been used on-site for iron enrichment experiments with phytoplankton and concluded to be simple, accurate and inexpensive.展开更多
An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simu...An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simulation and comparison experiments.The results showed that the nitrate could be separated and enriched from the waters efficiently by using the improved method.Being simple and practical in operation principle and procedures,cost-economic,and highly efficient in nitrate separation/enrichment,the method met the requirements of δ 15 N mass spectrum analysis and would lay a foundation for the application of 15 N isotope tracing approach to the research on non-point source pollution in watershed.展开更多
A field experiment with winter wheat （Triticum aestivurn L.） was conducted on a silt loam calcaric endorusti-ustic Cambosols derived from the Yellow River alluvial deposits in Henan, China, from 2001 to 2002 to eval...A field experiment with winter wheat （Triticum aestivurn L.） was conducted on a silt loam calcaric endorusti-ustic Cambosols derived from the Yellow River alluvial deposits in Henan, China, from 2001 to 2002 to evaluate N recovery and agronomic performance of different mineral coated fertilizers （MiCFs） compared to normal urea used in wheat cropping systems under field conditions. Five treatments, including CK （check, no N fertilizer）, urea and three different MiCFs at an equivalent N application rate were established in a randomized complete block design. N release from MiCFs in soil was more synchronous with the N requirement of wheat throughout the growth stages than that from urea, with grain yield of the MiCF treatments significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of the treatment urea. Correspondingly, the N recovery rate was greater for all MiCFs compared to urea, increasing from 32.8% up to 50.1%. Due to its high recovery and low cost, use of the mineral coated N fertilizers was recommended instead of the polymer coated N fertilizers.展开更多
The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tiss...The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.展开更多
The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, ...The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.展开更多
Phytoplankton group-specific growth and microzooplankton grazing were determined seasonally using the dilution technique with high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） in the Xiamen Bay, a subtropical bay in sou...Phytoplankton group-specific growth and microzooplankton grazing were determined seasonally using the dilution technique with high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） in the Xiamen Bay, a subtropical bay in southeast China, between May 2003 and February 2004. The results showed that growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from 0.71 to 2.2 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in May. Mierozooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in August. Microzooplankton grazing impact ranged from 39% to 95% on total phytoplankton Chl a biomass, and 65% to 181% on primary production. The growth and grazing rates of each phytoplankton group varied, the highest growth rate （up to 3.3 d^-1 ） was recorded for diatoms in August, while the maximum grazing rate （ up to 2.1 d ^-1 ） was recorded for chlorophytes in February in the inner bay. Among main phytoplankton groups, grazing pressure of microzooplankton ranged from 10% to 83% on Chl a biomass, and from 14% to 151% on primary production. The highest grazing pressure on biomass was observed for cryptophytes （83%） in August, while the maximum grazing pressure on primary production was observed for eyanobacteria （up to 151% ） in December in the inner bay. Net growth rates of larger phytoplanktons （diatoms and dinoflagellates） were higher than those of smaller groups （ prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cyanobacteria）. Relative preference index showed that microzooplankton grazed preferentially on prasinophytes and avoided to harvest diatoms in cold seasons （December and February）.展开更多
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examin...The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root lengths, and hyphal length densities were determined. The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium. Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments, but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application. AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added, and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition, respectively. Shoot and root uptake of P, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased, but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%, with inoculation, when P was added. P addition reduced shoot P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake of AM plants, but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones. AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil, and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil, however, P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.展开更多
Monitoring data are often used to identify stormwater runoff characteristics and in stormwater runoff modelling without consideration of their inherent uncertainties. Integrated with discrete sample analysis and error...Monitoring data are often used to identify stormwater runoff characteristics and in stormwater runoff modelling without consideration of their inherent uncertainties. Integrated with discrete sample analysis and error propagation analysis, this study attempted to quantify the uncertainties of discrete chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （TSS） concentration, stormwater flowrate, stormwater event volumes, COD event mean concentration （EMC）, and COD event loads in terms of flow measurement, sample collection, storage and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the uncertainties due to sample collection, storage and laboratory analysis of COD from stormwater runoff are 13.99%, 19.48% and 12.28%. Meanwhile, flow measurement uncertainty was 12.82%, and the sample collection uncertainty of TSS from stormwater runoff was 31.63%. Based on the law of propagation of uncertainties, the uncertainties regarding event flow volume, COD EMC and COD event loads were quantified as 7.03%, 10.26% and 18.47%.展开更多
Abundance, carbon biomass and composition of picoplankton along a transect (fromthe Pearl River estuary to Dongsha Island) in the northern South China Sea were measured by flow cytom-etry (FCM); and the vertical struc...Abundance, carbon biomass and composition of picoplankton along a transect (fromthe Pearl River estuary to Dongsha Island) in the northern South China Sea were measured by flow cytom-etry (FCM); and the vertical structure, composition variation, relationship between heterotrophic and au-totrophic picoplankton as well as the controlling mechanism of diel variation were studied. Results showedthat along the horizontal direction, both Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryote (PEUK) were highest inabundance and dominated autotrophic picoplankton in the Pearl River estuary, but decreased展开更多
We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP an...We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta.We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2,6,24,48,96,and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT.In the hepatopancreas,ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2,24,and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals.AKP activity was also higher after 2 h,but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged.The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure.In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT,ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure,whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure.Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h.Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph.SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.展开更多
文摘First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,
文摘Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70371020)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.D0410005).
文摘The marine environment provides rich and varied resources and services or functions for human’s produc-tion and life. Many countries have competitively exploited and utilized sea and ocean to develop marine economy for someyears. The over-exploitation of marine environment and the overuse of marine resources have led to resource degradation,environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction. Considering the depletion of coastal environmental resources dur-ing planning, governing and decision-making is an important measure to promote the harmonious and sustainabledevelopment of coastal environmental resources and social economy, the main precondition of which is that the depletionof coastal environmental resources by human activities has been monetarily evaluated. Firstly, this paper summarizesrelevant references in this field and analyzes different sorts of depletion of coastal environmental resources caused byhuman activities and the necessity and importance of the monetary evaluation. Finally, this paper extensively discussesthe corresponding evaluation models of the depletion of marine mineral resources, marine organism resources, mari-time transport resources, intertidal zones and shallow seas, and marine environmental functions and services includingenvironmental capacity, gas regulation, disturbance prevention, recreation and biodiversity.
基金supported by Chiang Mai University (CMU),Thailand。
文摘There have been a very limited number of systematic studies on PM_(2.5)compositions and their source contribution in Southeast Asia.This study aims to explore the characteristics of PM_(2.5)composition collected in Chiang Mai(Thailand)during La Nina and El Nino years and to apportion their sources during smoke haze and non-haze periods.The average PM_(2.5)concentration of smoke haze episode in 2019(El Nino)was much higher than in 2017(La Nina).The ratios of organic carbon(OC)to elemental carbon(EC),as well as K(biomass burning(BB)tracer)to PM_(2.5),were higher during smoke haze episodes in 2019 than in 2017 indicating a significant influence from BB.The ratios of secondary organic carbon(SOC)levels to primary organic carbon(POC)levels during smoke haze episodes were higher than those in non-haze period,which indicated greater SOC contributions or more photo-oxidation of precursors in haze episodes with high ambient temperatures.However,the ratios of soil markers(Ca and Mg)during non-haze period were high implying that soil source contributed more to PM_(2.5)concentrations when there less BB occurred.The positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model revealed that the source of BB,characterized by high K fractions,was the largest contributor during smoke haze episodes accounting for 50%(2017)and 79%(2019).Climate conditions influence meteorological patterns,particularly during incidences of extreme weather such as droughts,which affect the scale and frequency of open burning and thus air pollution levels.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41971222,No.42371218Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project,No.2023BJJ013Key Research Project of Higher Education Think Tank in Henan Province,No.2022ZKYJ06。
文摘Promoting the green transformation of agricultural clusters represents an effective strategy to address pressing issues related to agricultural resources and environmental concerns.However,existing literature provides limited insights into the internal mechanisms and pathways for achieving green transformation of agricultural clusters.To address the challenges in international research on the collaborative green transformation of entire agricultural value chains,a theoretical analysis framework is constructed in this study,which is characterized by“point-line-plane three-layer embeddedness and four-force interaction,”positioning green innovation as a pivotal entry point.Through social network analysis,this study examines the processes and mechanisms underlying the collaborative green transformation of agricultural clusters and proposes viable pathways for implementation using the Shouguang vegetable industrial cluster as a case study.The research findings are as follows:(1)The green transformation of agricultural clusters includes the green transformation of cluster behavior actors(point),formation of a green innovation network(line),construction of a green environment(plane),and embedded integration and coordinated transformation of the three.Green innovations generated by leading enterprises,universities,and research institutions serve as the foundation for this transformation,whereas farmers'adoption of these innovations forms the basis,and government policies provide regulatory environment to ensure successful implementation.The transformation is realized through green collaborative innovation and governance,achieving the“three-layer embeddedness.”(2)Under the influence of four driving forces,namely,market-driven mechanisms,environmental regulations,green innovation,and multidimensional proximity,actors at various levels form and embed green innovation networks that are integrated into regional environments through institutional constraints.This results in a“five-in-one”system of collaborative green innovation and governance encompassing enterprises,industries,technologies,institutions,and spatial dimensions,which constitute the internal mechanisms for the green transformation and upgrading of agricultural clusters.(3)Building on the“three-layer and four-force”framework,this study proposes pathways for achieving the green transformation of agricultural clusters,thereby providing theoretical insights and policy recommendations for developing countries to foster green agricultural clusters and enhance their agricultural sectors'international competitiveness.
基金financially supported by the Human Resource Development in Science Project(Science Achievement Scholarship of Thailand,SAST)partially supported by Chiang Mai University.
文摘Objective:To investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the helminth intermediate host,Anentome(A.)helena,populations from northern Thailand and reveal the effect of parasitic infection on snail host populations.Methods:A.helena was collected throughout river drainages from northern Thailand and investigated for larval trematode infection.Seventy-three A.helena specimens were used to examine and re-construct the molecular phylogenetics(neighbour-joining,maximum likelihood,and Bayesian inference methods),genetic diversity,and population structure based on the concatenated datasets of COI and 16S rRNA(1178 bp).Results:The infection of zoogonid cercariae,heterophyid metacercariae,and echinostome metacercariae in the snail was found from 2 localities,including Mae Sa and Mae Pu Kha populations,with a total prevalence of 6.7%and 16.3%,respectively.The phylogenetic tree and haplotype network revealed three main clades and three haplogroups for each region(COI and 16S rRNA).High levels of genetic diversity in terms of haplotype diversity were found in parasitic infected populations.Conclusions:This is the first time that Echinostoma mekongi has been discovered from A.helena in northern Thailand.The results also showed that parasitic infection can affect the population genetic structure of the snail intermediate host,A.helena.Moreover,habitat and historical demographic changes could be other important factors that can affect the degree of population genetic structure in A.helena.Understanding the population structure of intermediate host species can inform parasite transmission dynamics and is useful for the creation of effective public health management strategies.
基金supported by the NationalBasic Research Program of China(No.2002CB412310)the Yunnan Science and Technology Human DevelopmentProgram(No.2006py01-41)+1 种基金the Yunnan Science andTechnology Cooperation Programm(No.2005Y10)the Yunnan Environmental Science Development Program.
文摘Phytoremediation is one of the cost-effective and environmental friendly technologies used to remove contaminants from contaminated soils,which has been intensively studied during the last decade.Presently,few economical and effective remediation methods are available for the remediation of Pb contaminated sites.This study was conducted to assess the potential of 19 plants growing on contaminated sites in Pb mine area.Plants and associated soil samples were collected and analyzed for total metal concentrati...
文摘This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province, China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data on ten storms. The data on eight storms in 2002 were used for calibration while data on two storms were used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0.99 and 0.98 for runoff, 0.94 and 0.95 for the peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0.76 for the sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak runoff rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivity and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.
文摘This work presents taboratory studies on the degradation of triazophos in intertidat sediment. The overall degradations were found to follow the first-order decay model. After being incubated for 6 d, the percentage of degradations of triazophos in unsterilized and sterilized sediments were 94.5% and 20.5%, respectively. Between the temperatures of 15℃ and 35℃, the observed degradation rate constant（kob,d） enhanced as the incubation temperature increased. Triazophos in sediment degraded faster under aerobic condition than under anaerobic one. The water content of sediment had little influence on the degradation when it was in the range of 50%-100%. The values of kobsd decreased with increasing initial concentration of triazophos in sediment, which could result from the microorganism inhibition by triazophos. Four major degradation products, o, o-diethyl phosphorothioic acid, monoethyl phosphorothioic acid, phosphorothioic acid, and 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1, 2,4-triazole, were tentatively identified as their corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The possible degradation pathway of triazophos in intertidal sediment was proposed. The results revealed that triazophos in intertidal sediment was relatively unstable and coutd be easily degraded.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (No. 2007CB407304).
文摘Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.
基金Supported by State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science(MEL)Funds(No.MELRI1001)
文摘A novel method for on-site determination of trace iron was developed using membrane preconcentration and spectrophotometric detection. Fe（II）-ferrozine complex was reacted with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide （CTAB） to form a Fe（II）-ferrozine-CTAB paired compound, which was collected on a membrane by filtration under vacuum. The membrane was immersed in 2 mL of ethanol-nitric acid and the absorbance of the solution measured for quantitative analysis. Various factors affecting the iron collection and determination were investigated. With different sample preconcentration volumes, the range of determination was broadened to 0.5-120 ~tg/L. The detection limit of this method reached 0.19 ktg/L and the recoveries were between 97.2 and 109% when the concentration enrichment was about 45. The relative standard deviation （n = 7） was 1.9% for samples containing 10 ~g/L Fe. Twelve seawater samples were analyzed on-site using the proposed method, and two were also analyzed in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. No significant difference was shown between the two methods by the Student＇s t-test. The method has also been used on-site for iron enrichment experiments with phytoplankton and concluded to be simple, accurate and inexpensive.
基金supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Fujian Province,China,under theproject No. 2002H009
文摘An improved method,suitable for collecting nitrate from surface waters in the watershed for 15 N isotope tracing analysis,was developed on the basis of the anion exchange coupled with diffusion through systematic simulation and comparison experiments.The results showed that the nitrate could be separated and enriched from the waters efficiently by using the improved method.Being simple and practical in operation principle and procedures,cost-economic,and highly efficient in nitrate separation/enrichment,the method met the requirements of δ 15 N mass spectrum analysis and would lay a foundation for the application of 15 N isotope tracing approach to the research on non-point source pollution in watershed.
基金Project supported by the Scientific and Technologic Foundation of Henan Province (No. 30201).
文摘A field experiment with winter wheat （Triticum aestivurn L.） was conducted on a silt loam calcaric endorusti-ustic Cambosols derived from the Yellow River alluvial deposits in Henan, China, from 2001 to 2002 to evaluate N recovery and agronomic performance of different mineral coated fertilizers （MiCFs） compared to normal urea used in wheat cropping systems under field conditions. Five treatments, including CK （check, no N fertilizer）, urea and three different MiCFs at an equivalent N application rate were established in a randomized complete block design. N release from MiCFs in soil was more synchronous with the N requirement of wheat throughout the growth stages than that from urea, with grain yield of the MiCF treatments significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that of the treatment urea. Correspondingly, the N recovery rate was greater for all MiCFs compared to urea, increasing from 32.8% up to 50.1%. Due to its high recovery and low cost, use of the mineral coated N fertilizers was recommended instead of the polymer coated N fertilizers.
文摘The oysters ( Saccostrea cuculiata ) were collected from four stations around Xiamen Island (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong" an Bay, Huangcuo). The relation between the level of petroleum hydrocarbon in whole tissue and the contents of glutathione (GSH), the activity of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in digestive gland and gill were investigated. The results showed: (1) The contents of petroleum hydrocarbon in oyster collected from four stations (Lundu Port, Xinglin Bay, Tong'an Bay, Huangcuo) were 380.68, 112.34, 27.31, 20.37μg/g wet weight, respectively; (2) the activity of Se-GPx and GST in digestive gland was lower than that in gill, and the content of GSH seemed reversibly; (3) among the four stations, both Se-GPx and GST activity of digestive gland and gill in Saccostrea cuculiata sampled from the four stations showed a good correlation with whole tissue petroleum hydrocarbon, could be as biomarkers of sea oil pollution.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40730846 40521003)
文摘The size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass, and the spatial and temporal variations in abundance of Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryotes (PEUK) were measured in the Taiwan Strait during three cruises (August 1997, February-March 1998, and August 1998). The results show that picophytoplankton and nanophytoplankton dominate the phytoplankton biomass, in average of 38% and 40%, respectively. SYN and PEUK varied over time in abundance and carbon biomass, greater in summer than in winter, in range of (7.70–209.2)×106 and (0.75–15.4)×106 cells/cm2 in the abundance, and 1.93–52.3 and 1.57–32.4 μgC/cm2 in the carbon biomass, for SYN and PEUK, respectively. The horizontal distributions of both groups were diurnal but heterogeneous in abundance, depending on the groups and layer of depths. Temperature is the key controlling factor for picophytoplankton distribution (especially in winter) in the Strait.
基金The National Natural Science Foundatisn of China under contract Nos 40730846 and 40521003the National Basic Key Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (China GLOBEC-IMBER Program) under contract No.2006CB400604
文摘Phytoplankton group-specific growth and microzooplankton grazing were determined seasonally using the dilution technique with high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） in the Xiamen Bay, a subtropical bay in southeast China, between May 2003 and February 2004. The results showed that growth rates of phytoplankton ranged from 0.71 to 2.2 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in May. Mierozooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 d^-1 with the highest value occurred in the inner bay in August. Microzooplankton grazing impact ranged from 39% to 95% on total phytoplankton Chl a biomass, and 65% to 181% on primary production. The growth and grazing rates of each phytoplankton group varied, the highest growth rate （up to 3.3 d^-1 ） was recorded for diatoms in August, while the maximum grazing rate （ up to 2.1 d ^-1 ） was recorded for chlorophytes in February in the inner bay. Among main phytoplankton groups, grazing pressure of microzooplankton ranged from 10% to 83% on Chl a biomass, and from 14% to 151% on primary production. The highest grazing pressure on biomass was observed for cryptophytes （83%） in August, while the maximum grazing pressure on primary production was observed for eyanobacteria （up to 151% ） in December in the inner bay. Net growth rates of larger phytoplanktons （diatoms and dinoflagellates） were higher than those of smaller groups （ prasinophytes, chlorophytes and cyanobacteria）. Relative preference index showed that microzooplankton grazed preferentially on prasinophytes and avoided to harvest diatoms in cold seasons （December and February）.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40401031)
文摘The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal （AM） fungus （Glomus mosseae） and phosphorus （P） addition （100 mg/kg soil） on arsenic （As） uptake by maize plants （Zea mays L.） from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included. Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As, P, and other nutrients, AM colonization, root lengths, and hyphal length densities were determined. The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium. Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments, but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application. AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added, and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition, respectively. Shoot and root uptake of P, Mn, Cu, and Zn increased, but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%, with inoculation, when P was added. P addition reduced shoot P, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn uptake of AM plants, but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones. AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil, and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil, however, P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50778098)the Youth Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science&Technology(No.2007F3093)
文摘Monitoring data are often used to identify stormwater runoff characteristics and in stormwater runoff modelling without consideration of their inherent uncertainties. Integrated with discrete sample analysis and error propagation analysis, this study attempted to quantify the uncertainties of discrete chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total suspended solids （TSS） concentration, stormwater flowrate, stormwater event volumes, COD event mean concentration （EMC）, and COD event loads in terms of flow measurement, sample collection, storage and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the uncertainties due to sample collection, storage and laboratory analysis of COD from stormwater runoff are 13.99%, 19.48% and 12.28%. Meanwhile, flow measurement uncertainty was 12.82%, and the sample collection uncertainty of TSS from stormwater runoff was 31.63%. Based on the law of propagation of uncertainties, the uncertainties regarding event flow volume, COD EMC and COD event loads were quantified as 7.03%, 10.26% and 18.47%.
基金This work was supported by a grant from NSFC(No.40076031,49825162)and"973"fund(Grant No.G2000078504)
文摘Abundance, carbon biomass and composition of picoplankton along a transect (fromthe Pearl River estuary to Dongsha Island) in the northern South China Sea were measured by flow cytom-etry (FCM); and the vertical structure, composition variation, relationship between heterotrophic and au-totrophic picoplankton as well as the controlling mechanism of diel variation were studied. Results showedthat along the horizontal direction, both Synechococcus (SYN) and picoeukaryote (PEUK) were highest inabundance and dominated autotrophic picoplankton in the Pearl River estuary, but decreased
基金Supported by the Committee of Xiamen Science and Technology,Xiamen,China (No.502Z20055024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20877034)the Innovation Team Foundation of Jimei University (No.2008A001)
文摘We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of the superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor supertexta.We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2,6,24,48,96,and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT.In the hepatopancreas,ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2,24,and 96 h post-exposure compared with the control animals.AKP activity was also higher after 2 h,but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged.The concentration of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure.In the hemolymph of animals exposed to TBT,ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure,whereas AKP activity was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure.Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h.Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph.SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone.
