This study presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure of the oxygen-deficient perovskite material Ca2FeGaO6-δ using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits significant porosity and irre...This study presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure of the oxygen-deficient perovskite material Ca2FeGaO6-δ using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits significant porosity and irregular grain morphology, with variations in grain size and growth. Unlike conventional perovskite structures, Ca2FeGaO6-δ shows non-uniform grain development, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies (δ). SEM analysis reveals that the irregularities in grain size and shape, coupled with the porous nature of the material, are likely to influence its functional properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural features of Ca2FeGaO6-δ, offering a foundation for understanding its potential applications in catalysis, sensors, and other technologies. The study highlights the critical role of microstructural characteristics in determining the material’s performance.展开更多
Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay betw...Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.展开更多
Bromate(BrO^(−)_(3))is a toxic disinfection byproduct frequently formed during ozonation in water treatment processes and is classified as a potential human carcinogen.Its effective removal from drinking water is ther...Bromate(BrO^(−)_(3))is a toxic disinfection byproduct frequently formed during ozonation in water treatment processes and is classified as a potential human carcinogen.Its effective removal from drinking water is therefore a pressing concern for public health and environmental safety.This study investigated the removal of BrO^(−)_(3)from water using the synthesized zeolite imidazolate framework(ZIF)-67 and ZIF-67/graphene oxide(GO)nanocomposites through a comparative approach.The morphology,composition,and crystallinity of both ZIFs were characterized.The effects of four independent parameters(initial BrO^(−)_(3)concentration,pH,adsorbent dose,and contact time)on BrO^(−)_(3)removal efficiency were examined.A strong correlation was observed between experimental and predicted values.GO enhanced BrO^(−)_(3)removal not only through synergistic interactions with ZIF-67 but also by improving dispersion and providing additional functional groups that facilitate electrostatic interactions and adsorption.The Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate both individual and interactive effects of the parameters on BrO^(−)_(3)removal,achieving an optimum removal efficiency of approximately 99.6%using 1.5 g/L of ZIF-67/GO at a pH value of 4 with an initial BrO^(−)_(3)concentration of 2 mg/L.The optimization process was further supported by desirability analysis.The BrO^(−)_(3)removal mechanisms are primarily attributed to porosity,electrostatic interactions,and adsorption onto active sites.Compared to ZIF-67 alone,ZIF-67/GO demonstrated superior anion removal efficiency,highlighting its potential for water treatment applications.展开更多
Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and s...Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and soil)and their individual contributions,particularly during on-and off-years,remain unclear.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of C fluxes from the canopy,culm,and soil(partitioned into heterotrophic,rhizome,and stump respiration)and their contributions to net ecosystem productivity(NEP)in a representative Moso bamboo forest in the subtropical region of China.The average annual NEP of the Moso bamboo forest was 7.31±2.76 t C·ha^(-1).Specifically,the canopy's annual net C uptake was 17.30±3.23 tC·ha^(-1),accounting for 237%of NEP.In contrast,C emissions from heterotrophs,culms,rhizomes,and stumps were 5.37±1.20,2.18±1.05,1.29±0.04,and 1.15±0.33 t C·ha^(-1),accounting for73%,30%,18%,and16%of NEP,respectively.The NEP,net cumulative C uptake in the canopy,and C emissions from the respiration of heterotrophs and stumps were all significantly higher during on-years when compared to off-years,whereas C emissions from bamboo culms displayed opposite trends.These findings offer a new approach for quantifying the C budgets of Moso bamboo forests and provide valuable insights into the C cycling processes in forest ecosystems.展开更多
To better understand the effects of ground-level ozone(O_(3))on nutrients and stoichiometry in different plant organs,urban tree species Celtis sinensis,Cyclocarya paliu-rus,Quercus acutissima,and Quercus nuttallii we...To better understand the effects of ground-level ozone(O_(3))on nutrients and stoichiometry in different plant organs,urban tree species Celtis sinensis,Cyclocarya paliu-rus,Quercus acutissima,and Quercus nuttallii were sub-jected to a constant exposure to charcoal-filtered air(CF),nonfiltered air(NF),or NF+40,60,or 80 nmol O_(3)mol^(-1)(NF40,NF60,and NF80)starting early in the summer of the growing season.At the end of summer,net CO_(2)assimila-tion rate(A),stomatal conductance(gs),leaf mass per area(LMA),and/or leaf greenness(SPAD)either were not sig-nificantly affected by elevated O_(3)or were even higher in some cases during the summer compared with the CF or NF controls.LMA was significantly lower in autumn only after the highest O_(3)exposures.Compared to NF,NF40 caused a large increase in gs across species in late summer and more K and Mn in stems.At the end of the growing season,nutri-ent status and stoichiometric ratios in different organs were variously altered under O_(3)stress;many changes were large and often species-specific.Across O_(3)treatments,LMA was primarily associated with C and Mg levels in leaves and Ca levels in leaves and stems.NF40 enriched K,P,Fe,and Mn in stems,relative to NF,and NF60 enhanced Ca in leaves relative to CF and NF40.Moreover,NF resulted in a higher Ca/Mg ratio in leaves of Q.acutissima only,relative to the other O_(3)regimes.Interestingly,across species,O_(3)stress led to different nutrient modifications in different organs(stems+branches vs leaves).Thus,ambient and/or elevated O_(3)exposures can alter the dynamics and distribution of nutrients and disrupt stoichiometry in different organs in a species-specific manner.Changes in stoichiometry reflect an important defense mechanism in plants under O_(3),and O_(3)pollution adds more risk to ecological stoichiometries in urban areas.展开更多
Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the p...Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the publisher's production process.The published incorrect version and the corrected version of Fig.4 are given below.展开更多
The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP...The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited.However, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass（quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000） and bacterial ammonia oxidizers（quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009）. Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity（quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014）, and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms（quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001）. The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag＋ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag^＋ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.展开更多
How the morphology of captive-reared fish is affected by structural enrichment in their rearing tanks is not well understood.Some studies have suggested that deficiencies in rearing environments could produce inapprop...How the morphology of captive-reared fish is affected by structural enrichment in their rearing tanks is not well understood.Some studies have suggested that deficiencies in rearing environments could produce inappropriate body shape in salmonids(Vehanen and Huusko 2011).Garduho-Paz et al.(2010)have found significant differences in body and head shapes of 3-spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus,depending on whether fish were reared in an environment with just gravel or in an environment enriched with large stones and artificial plants.展开更多
Surface sediment samples were collected from 35 locations in Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined. Grain sizes, TOC （total organic carbon）, carbonate, mineralogical and e...Surface sediment samples were collected from 35 locations in Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined. Grain sizes, TOC （total organic carbon）, carbonate, mineralogical and environmental data were also determined. Multiple linear regression is applied to the data from the sediment sequential extractions to assess the relative importance of mineralogical and sedimentological factors in controlling heavy metal concentrations in individual chemical fractions （exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, residual） under different environmental conditions. The analysis shows that grain size, TOC, calcium carbonate and minerals clearly influence heavy metal concentrations. For the exchangeable fraction, clay, grain size and the mineral pyrite are the main factors, whereas for the reducible fraction, TOC is the main factor influencing concentrations ofZn, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr. For the oxidizable fraction, modelling shows that TOC is the main factor influencing Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr and Co concentrations. The residual fraction concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cr and Co were best predicted by the abundance of sand, with sand content having a negative effect on heavy metal concentrations in this fraction. The statistical techniques in environmental data interpretation are quite useful in cutting down the volume of the data and identifying identical classes which are statistically distinct.展开更多
Togo’s economy is heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, anomalies in precipitation can have a significant impact on crop yields, affecting food production and security. Thus, monitoring anomalous clima...Togo’s economy is heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, anomalies in precipitation can have a significant impact on crop yields, affecting food production and security. Thus, monitoring anomalous climate conditions in Togo through the combination of precipitation satellite-based data and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) help anticipate the development of drought scenarios or excessive rainfall, allowing farmers to adjust their strategies and minimize losses. Continuous and adequate spatial monitoring of these climate anomalies provided by satellite-based products can be central to an effective early warning system (EWS) implementation in Togo. Precipitation satellite-based products have been presented invaluable tools for assessing droughts and , offering timely and comprehensive data that supports a wide range of applications. In this study, we applied the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall product, a unified satellite global precipitation product developed by NASA, to identify and characterize the severity of dry and wet climate events in Togo during the period from 2001 to 2019. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), as the main index recommended by the World Meteorological Organization to monitor drought wide world, was selected as the reference index to monitor dry and wet climate events across Togo regions. The results show two distinct major climate periods in Togo in the timeframe analyzed (2001-2019), one dominated by wet events from 2008 to 2010, and a second marked by severe and extreme dry events from 2013 to 2015;MERG rainfall and SPI combination were able to capture these events consistently.展开更多
Beryl is the commercial source of beryllium and several varieties of it are valued as a gemstone.To contribute to understanding the mechanism of beryl formation,we carried out detailed geological,petrographical,and ge...Beryl is the commercial source of beryllium and several varieties of it are valued as a gemstone.To contribute to understanding the mechanism of beryl formation,we carried out detailed geological,petrographical,and geochemical investigations on beryl mineralization occurrences in the Zabara-Wadi El Gemal(Z-WG)region.This region is an NW-SE trending tract that includes six berylhosting areas.The green gem variety of beryl(emerald)is restricted to phlogopite schist,pegmatite,and quartz veins.Prismatic hexagonal emerald crystals are well-developed in phlogopite schist and pegmatite.The gem variety emerald examined is sodic and Cr-dominant.It contains high concentrations of chromophore transition elements ordering Cr(up to 1511 ppm)>V(up to 242 ppm)>Sc(up to 245 ppm),giving rise to its vivid green color,refl ecting mafic-ultramafic source contribution.Among the investigated emeralds,the Sikait area contains the highest BeO(av.10.76wt.%)concentration.The compositional variability of emeralds is most likely attributed to the contribution from the host rocks.This is revealed by the examined emerald mineralization,for instance;the Abu Rusheid area(one of the best areas exposing rare metal-bearing granitoids)possesses the highest average of trace and REEs concentrations.In contrast,Um Kabu emerald has the highest contents of Co(av.20 ppm),Ni(av.299 ppm),MgO(av.8.2wt.%),Fe_(2)O_(3)(av.3.12wt.%),and CaO(avg.3.4wt.%)relative to other areas,which may be linked to contribution of ultramafic rocks exposed there.The proposed mechanism we suggest for emerald genesis is metasomatic interaction between felsic intrusions,that are enriched with K,Na,Be,Li,and B,with mafic-ultramafic rocks that are enriched in Cr,V,Mg,Fe,and Ca.This interaction is marked by the formation of phlogopite schist,the growth of emerald crystals,and desilicated pegmatite.展开更多
Erosion as a natural process produces soils, which are very important natural resources for the fest land plant- and animal kingdoms. Loss of the soil cover reduces agricultural production, biodiversity, and the role ...Erosion as a natural process produces soils, which are very important natural resources for the fest land plant- and animal kingdoms. Loss of the soil cover reduces agricultural production, biodiversity, and the role of soil as a filter for infiltrating water to replenish the groundwater. It also threatens the food supplies. The knowledge of erosion rates of rocks and terrains is important for developing proactive measures to protect soils from erosion and loss. In this study, erosion rates of catchment areas were calculated based on dams’ catchment extensions and the sediment loads transported by flood flows into dams’ lakes. The study results show that the chemically, via floodwater, transported quantities of materials are negligible compared to the solid materials transported by the water. It calculates erosion rates ranging from 0.013 to 0.212 mm/yr (13 - 212 m/10<sup>6</sup> yr) for the different catchment areas. Erosion rates in Jordan are, generally, higher than those calculated for the different parts of the world ranging from 2.5 to 60 m/10<sup>6</sup> yr. This fact can be explained by the very steep topography, calcareous rock cover of the catchment areas and the barren rock exposures.展开更多
The effects of different arsenic （As） treatments on spatial pattern of radial oxygen loss （ROL）, iron （Fe） plaque formation and As accumulation in rice were investigated using three rice genotypes, planted under...The effects of different arsenic （As） treatments on spatial pattern of radial oxygen loss （ROL）, iron （Fe） plaque formation and As accumulation in rice were investigated using three rice genotypes, planted under greenhouse conditions. Arsenic was applied to soil at 50 and 100 mg/kg, with untreated soil used as a control having an average As concentration of 8.5 mg/kg. It was demonstrated that the ratio of ROL in root tips to that at the root base slightly decreased with increasing As concentration, suggesting that the spatial ROL patterns in these groups may be shifted from the “tight” barrier towards the “partial” barrier form. Furthermore, increasing As concentration led to a increase in Fe plaque formation on root surfaces. In addition, root As concentrations of genotypes in 50 and 100 mg/kg As treatments were significantly higher than that of control treatment （P〈0.05）. Grain As concentration of genotype Nanyangzhan （with lower ROL） was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of genotype CNT87059-3 with higher ROL.展开更多
Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable ...Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)supply is the most important factor affecting yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco(FCT).A field experiment and an in situ incubation method were used to study the effects of soil N mineralization in the ...Nitrogen(N)supply is the most important factor affecting yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco(FCT).A field experiment and an in situ incubation method were used to study the effects of soil N mineralization in the later stages of growth on yield and nicotine content of FCT in Fenggang and Jinsha,Guizhou Province.The yield and market value of FCT at Fenggang were much lower than those at Jinsha.However,the nicotine content of middle and upper leaves was much higher at Fenggang than at Jinsha when the same rate of fertilizer N was applied,which might be due to a higher N supply capacity at the Fenggang site.At later stages of growth(7-16 weeks after transplanting),the soil net N mineralization at Fenggang(56 kg N ha^(-1))was almost double that at Jinsha(30 kg N ha^(-1)).While soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N were almost exhausted by the plants or leached 5 weeks after transplanting,the N taken up at the later growth stages at Fenggang were mainly derived from soil N mineralization,which contributed to a high nicotine content in the upper leaves.The order of soil N contribution to N buildup in different leaves was:upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves.Thus,soil N mineralization at late growth stages was an important factor affecting N accumulation and therefore the nicotine content in the upper leaves.展开更多
Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline material generated from the production of alumina in which bauxite is dissolved in caustic soda.Approximately 4.4 billion tons of bauxite residues are either stockpiled or landfill...Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline material generated from the production of alumina in which bauxite is dissolved in caustic soda.Approximately 4.4 billion tons of bauxite residues are either stockpiled or landfilled,creating environmental risks either from the generation of dust or migration of filtrates.High alkalinity is the critical factor restricting complete utilization of bauxite residues,whilst the application of alkaline regulation agents is costly and difficult to apply widely.For now,current industrial wastes,such as waste acid,ammonia nitrogen wastewater,waste gypsum and biomass,have become major problems restricting the development of the social economy.Regulation of bauxite residues alkalinity by industrial waste was proposed to achieve‘waste control by waste’with good economic and ecological benefits.This review will focus on the origin and transformation of alkalinity in bauxite residues using typical industrial waste.It will propose key research directions with an emphasis on alkaline regulation by industrial waste,whilst also providing a scientific reference point for their potential use as amendments to enhance soil formation and establish vegetation on bauxite residue disposal areas(BRDAs)following large-scale disposal.展开更多
文摘This study presents a detailed investigation of the microstructure of the oxygen-deficient perovskite material Ca2FeGaO6-δ using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The material exhibits significant porosity and irregular grain morphology, with variations in grain size and growth. Unlike conventional perovskite structures, Ca2FeGaO6-δ shows non-uniform grain development, which can be attributed to the presence of oxygen vacancies (δ). SEM analysis reveals that the irregularities in grain size and shape, coupled with the porous nature of the material, are likely to influence its functional properties. These findings provide valuable insights into the structural features of Ca2FeGaO6-δ, offering a foundation for understanding its potential applications in catalysis, sensors, and other technologies. The study highlights the critical role of microstructural characteristics in determining the material’s performance.
文摘Growing climate change concerns have intensified the focus on agribusiness sustainability,driving an urgent energy transition to improve production efficiency and mitigate environmental harm.The complex interplay between energy efficiency and energy consumption highlights the essential role of strategic energy policies in ensuring sustainable development.This study used the Double-Log regression model with bootstrap resampling to examine the rebound effect in the energy transition of agribusiness focusing on five Latin American countries including Brazil,Argentina,Uruguay,Colombia,and Mexico based on the agricultural sector data during 2010–2022.The findings revealed that the rebound effect significantly influences energy transition,with varying degrees of impact across agricultural sectors.This study identified partial rebound effect across all five countries,with elasticity coefficient varying from 9.63%(Colombia’s coffee sector)to 89.12%(Brazil’s livestock sector).In Brazil’s sugarcane sector,nonrenewable energy,agricultural employment,and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption,while in livestock sector,energy consumption was affected by CH_(4)emissions,income and well-being of farmers,water consumption,and water conservation practices.In Mexico’s livestock sector,CH_(4)emissions,nonrenewable energy,and water conservation practices were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Argentina’s sugarcane sector,pesticides,NO_(2)emissions,renewable energy,and agricultural employment were the key factors affecting energy consumption,while renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and water consumption were the key factors affecting energy consumption in livestock sector.In Uruguay’s livestock sector,non-renewable energy,income and well-being of farmers,and irrigation efficiency were the key factors affecting energy consumption.In Colombia’coffee sector,NO_(2)emissions and irrigation efficiency were identified as key factors influencing energy consumption.Finally,this study reinforces the importance of aligning energy transition with Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),ensuring that energy efficiency gains do not inadvertently increase energy consumption or environmental degradation.
文摘Bromate(BrO^(−)_(3))is a toxic disinfection byproduct frequently formed during ozonation in water treatment processes and is classified as a potential human carcinogen.Its effective removal from drinking water is therefore a pressing concern for public health and environmental safety.This study investigated the removal of BrO^(−)_(3)from water using the synthesized zeolite imidazolate framework(ZIF)-67 and ZIF-67/graphene oxide(GO)nanocomposites through a comparative approach.The morphology,composition,and crystallinity of both ZIFs were characterized.The effects of four independent parameters(initial BrO^(−)_(3)concentration,pH,adsorbent dose,and contact time)on BrO^(−)_(3)removal efficiency were examined.A strong correlation was observed between experimental and predicted values.GO enhanced BrO^(−)_(3)removal not only through synergistic interactions with ZIF-67 but also by improving dispersion and providing additional functional groups that facilitate electrostatic interactions and adsorption.The Box-Behnken design was employed to evaluate both individual and interactive effects of the parameters on BrO^(−)_(3)removal,achieving an optimum removal efficiency of approximately 99.6%using 1.5 g/L of ZIF-67/GO at a pH value of 4 with an initial BrO^(−)_(3)concentration of 2 mg/L.The optimization process was further supported by desirability analysis.The BrO^(−)_(3)removal mechanisms are primarily attributed to porosity,electrostatic interactions,and adsorption onto active sites.Compared to ZIF-67 alone,ZIF-67/GO demonstrated superior anion removal efficiency,highlighting its potential for water treatment applications.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32125027,31930075)Zhejiang A&F University Research and Development Fund(No.2022LFR006).
文摘Moso bamboo(Phyllostachys edulis)forests are a vital resource in subtropical China,known for their high carbon(C)sequestration capacity.However,the dynamic processes of C fluxes within each component(canopy,culm,and soil)and their individual contributions,particularly during on-and off-years,remain unclear.A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the dynamics of C fluxes from the canopy,culm,and soil(partitioned into heterotrophic,rhizome,and stump respiration)and their contributions to net ecosystem productivity(NEP)in a representative Moso bamboo forest in the subtropical region of China.The average annual NEP of the Moso bamboo forest was 7.31±2.76 t C·ha^(-1).Specifically,the canopy's annual net C uptake was 17.30±3.23 tC·ha^(-1),accounting for 237%of NEP.In contrast,C emissions from heterotrophs,culms,rhizomes,and stumps were 5.37±1.20,2.18±1.05,1.29±0.04,and 1.15±0.33 t C·ha^(-1),accounting for73%,30%,18%,and16%of NEP,respectively.The NEP,net cumulative C uptake in the canopy,and C emissions from the respiration of heterotrophs and stumps were all significantly higher during on-years when compared to off-years,whereas C emissions from bamboo culms displayed opposite trends.These findings offer a new approach for quantifying the C budgets of Moso bamboo forests and provide valuable insights into the C cycling processes in forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.42107299).
文摘To better understand the effects of ground-level ozone(O_(3))on nutrients and stoichiometry in different plant organs,urban tree species Celtis sinensis,Cyclocarya paliu-rus,Quercus acutissima,and Quercus nuttallii were sub-jected to a constant exposure to charcoal-filtered air(CF),nonfiltered air(NF),or NF+40,60,or 80 nmol O_(3)mol^(-1)(NF40,NF60,and NF80)starting early in the summer of the growing season.At the end of summer,net CO_(2)assimila-tion rate(A),stomatal conductance(gs),leaf mass per area(LMA),and/or leaf greenness(SPAD)either were not sig-nificantly affected by elevated O_(3)or were even higher in some cases during the summer compared with the CF or NF controls.LMA was significantly lower in autumn only after the highest O_(3)exposures.Compared to NF,NF40 caused a large increase in gs across species in late summer and more K and Mn in stems.At the end of the growing season,nutri-ent status and stoichiometric ratios in different organs were variously altered under O_(3)stress;many changes were large and often species-specific.Across O_(3)treatments,LMA was primarily associated with C and Mg levels in leaves and Ca levels in leaves and stems.NF40 enriched K,P,Fe,and Mn in stems,relative to NF,and NF60 enhanced Ca in leaves relative to CF and NF40.Moreover,NF resulted in a higher Ca/Mg ratio in leaves of Q.acutissima only,relative to the other O_(3)regimes.Interestingly,across species,O_(3)stress led to different nutrient modifications in different organs(stems+branches vs leaves).Thus,ambient and/or elevated O_(3)exposures can alter the dynamics and distribution of nutrients and disrupt stoichiometry in different organs in a species-specific manner.Changes in stoichiometry reflect an important defense mechanism in plants under O_(3),and O_(3)pollution adds more risk to ecological stoichiometries in urban areas.
文摘Publisher Correction to:Journal of Forestry Research(2025)36:29 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-025-01823-0 In Fig.4c of this article,the lower part of the figure was unintentionally cropped and incomplete during the publisher's production process.The published incorrect version and the corrected version of Fig.4 are given below.
基金supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany(Research unit Nano Umwelt,funding code 03X0150C)
文摘The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, limited.However, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass（quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000） and bacterial ammonia oxidizers（quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009）. Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity（quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014）, and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms（quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001）. The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag＋ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag^＋ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.
基金The authors are grateful to E.Garcia-Galea,B.Elvira,and S.Dougherty for lab and analysis assistance and to the team from the animal facilities of the Faculty of Biology for their help in the maintenance of aquaria.The authors are grateful to 3 anonymous reviewers and V.Bonet for the English review.
文摘How the morphology of captive-reared fish is affected by structural enrichment in their rearing tanks is not well understood.Some studies have suggested that deficiencies in rearing environments could produce inappropriate body shape in salmonids(Vehanen and Huusko 2011).Garduho-Paz et al.(2010)have found significant differences in body and head shapes of 3-spine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus,depending on whether fish were reared in an environment with just gravel or in an environment enriched with large stones and artificial plants.
文摘Surface sediment samples were collected from 35 locations in Sulaibikhat Bay, Kuwait. Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined. Grain sizes, TOC （total organic carbon）, carbonate, mineralogical and environmental data were also determined. Multiple linear regression is applied to the data from the sediment sequential extractions to assess the relative importance of mineralogical and sedimentological factors in controlling heavy metal concentrations in individual chemical fractions （exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, residual） under different environmental conditions. The analysis shows that grain size, TOC, calcium carbonate and minerals clearly influence heavy metal concentrations. For the exchangeable fraction, clay, grain size and the mineral pyrite are the main factors, whereas for the reducible fraction, TOC is the main factor influencing concentrations ofZn, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr. For the oxidizable fraction, modelling shows that TOC is the main factor influencing Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr and Co concentrations. The residual fraction concentrations of Zn, Ni, Cr and Co were best predicted by the abundance of sand, with sand content having a negative effect on heavy metal concentrations in this fraction. The statistical techniques in environmental data interpretation are quite useful in cutting down the volume of the data and identifying identical classes which are statistically distinct.
文摘Togo’s economy is heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture. Therefore, anomalies in precipitation can have a significant impact on crop yields, affecting food production and security. Thus, monitoring anomalous climate conditions in Togo through the combination of precipitation satellite-based data and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) help anticipate the development of drought scenarios or excessive rainfall, allowing farmers to adjust their strategies and minimize losses. Continuous and adequate spatial monitoring of these climate anomalies provided by satellite-based products can be central to an effective early warning system (EWS) implementation in Togo. Precipitation satellite-based products have been presented invaluable tools for assessing droughts and , offering timely and comprehensive data that supports a wide range of applications. In this study, we applied the Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) rainfall product, a unified satellite global precipitation product developed by NASA, to identify and characterize the severity of dry and wet climate events in Togo during the period from 2001 to 2019. The Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), as the main index recommended by the World Meteorological Organization to monitor drought wide world, was selected as the reference index to monitor dry and wet climate events across Togo regions. The results show two distinct major climate periods in Togo in the timeframe analyzed (2001-2019), one dominated by wet events from 2008 to 2010, and a second marked by severe and extreme dry events from 2013 to 2015;MERG rainfall and SPI combination were able to capture these events consistently.
文摘Beryl is the commercial source of beryllium and several varieties of it are valued as a gemstone.To contribute to understanding the mechanism of beryl formation,we carried out detailed geological,petrographical,and geochemical investigations on beryl mineralization occurrences in the Zabara-Wadi El Gemal(Z-WG)region.This region is an NW-SE trending tract that includes six berylhosting areas.The green gem variety of beryl(emerald)is restricted to phlogopite schist,pegmatite,and quartz veins.Prismatic hexagonal emerald crystals are well-developed in phlogopite schist and pegmatite.The gem variety emerald examined is sodic and Cr-dominant.It contains high concentrations of chromophore transition elements ordering Cr(up to 1511 ppm)>V(up to 242 ppm)>Sc(up to 245 ppm),giving rise to its vivid green color,refl ecting mafic-ultramafic source contribution.Among the investigated emeralds,the Sikait area contains the highest BeO(av.10.76wt.%)concentration.The compositional variability of emeralds is most likely attributed to the contribution from the host rocks.This is revealed by the examined emerald mineralization,for instance;the Abu Rusheid area(one of the best areas exposing rare metal-bearing granitoids)possesses the highest average of trace and REEs concentrations.In contrast,Um Kabu emerald has the highest contents of Co(av.20 ppm),Ni(av.299 ppm),MgO(av.8.2wt.%),Fe_(2)O_(3)(av.3.12wt.%),and CaO(avg.3.4wt.%)relative to other areas,which may be linked to contribution of ultramafic rocks exposed there.The proposed mechanism we suggest for emerald genesis is metasomatic interaction between felsic intrusions,that are enriched with K,Na,Be,Li,and B,with mafic-ultramafic rocks that are enriched in Cr,V,Mg,Fe,and Ca.This interaction is marked by the formation of phlogopite schist,the growth of emerald crystals,and desilicated pegmatite.
文摘Erosion as a natural process produces soils, which are very important natural resources for the fest land plant- and animal kingdoms. Loss of the soil cover reduces agricultural production, biodiversity, and the role of soil as a filter for infiltrating water to replenish the groundwater. It also threatens the food supplies. The knowledge of erosion rates of rocks and terrains is important for developing proactive measures to protect soils from erosion and loss. In this study, erosion rates of catchment areas were calculated based on dams’ catchment extensions and the sediment loads transported by flood flows into dams’ lakes. The study results show that the chemically, via floodwater, transported quantities of materials are negligible compared to the solid materials transported by the water. It calculates erosion rates ranging from 0.013 to 0.212 mm/yr (13 - 212 m/10<sup>6</sup> yr) for the different catchment areas. Erosion rates in Jordan are, generally, higher than those calculated for the different parts of the world ranging from 2.5 to 60 m/10<sup>6</sup> yr. This fact can be explained by the very steep topography, calcareous rock cover of the catchment areas and the barren rock exposures.
基金Projects(41201493,31300815)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effects of different arsenic （As） treatments on spatial pattern of radial oxygen loss （ROL）, iron （Fe） plaque formation and As accumulation in rice were investigated using three rice genotypes, planted under greenhouse conditions. Arsenic was applied to soil at 50 and 100 mg/kg, with untreated soil used as a control having an average As concentration of 8.5 mg/kg. It was demonstrated that the ratio of ROL in root tips to that at the root base slightly decreased with increasing As concentration, suggesting that the spatial ROL patterns in these groups may be shifted from the “tight” barrier towards the “partial” barrier form. Furthermore, increasing As concentration led to a increase in Fe plaque formation on root surfaces. In addition, root As concentrations of genotypes in 50 and 100 mg/kg As treatments were significantly higher than that of control treatment （P〈0.05）. Grain As concentration of genotype Nanyangzhan （with lower ROL） was significantly higher （P〈0.05） than that of genotype CNT87059-3 with higher ROL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41701587)
文摘Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.
基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovation Research Team in University(No.IRT0511)
文摘Nitrogen(N)supply is the most important factor affecting yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco(FCT).A field experiment and an in situ incubation method were used to study the effects of soil N mineralization in the later stages of growth on yield and nicotine content of FCT in Fenggang and Jinsha,Guizhou Province.The yield and market value of FCT at Fenggang were much lower than those at Jinsha.However,the nicotine content of middle and upper leaves was much higher at Fenggang than at Jinsha when the same rate of fertilizer N was applied,which might be due to a higher N supply capacity at the Fenggang site.At later stages of growth(7-16 weeks after transplanting),the soil net N mineralization at Fenggang(56 kg N ha^(-1))was almost double that at Jinsha(30 kg N ha^(-1)).While soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N were almost exhausted by the plants or leached 5 weeks after transplanting,the N taken up at the later growth stages at Fenggang were mainly derived from soil N mineralization,which contributed to a high nicotine content in the upper leaves.The order of soil N contribution to N buildup in different leaves was:upper leaves>middle leaves>lower leaves.Thus,soil N mineralization at late growth stages was an important factor affecting N accumulation and therefore the nicotine content in the upper leaves.
基金Projects(41877551,41842020)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(201509048)supported by the Environmental Protection’s Special Scientific Research for Chinese Public Welfare Industry
文摘Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline material generated from the production of alumina in which bauxite is dissolved in caustic soda.Approximately 4.4 billion tons of bauxite residues are either stockpiled or landfilled,creating environmental risks either from the generation of dust or migration of filtrates.High alkalinity is the critical factor restricting complete utilization of bauxite residues,whilst the application of alkaline regulation agents is costly and difficult to apply widely.For now,current industrial wastes,such as waste acid,ammonia nitrogen wastewater,waste gypsum and biomass,have become major problems restricting the development of the social economy.Regulation of bauxite residues alkalinity by industrial waste was proposed to achieve‘waste control by waste’with good economic and ecological benefits.This review will focus on the origin and transformation of alkalinity in bauxite residues using typical industrial waste.It will propose key research directions with an emphasis on alkaline regulation by industrial waste,whilst also providing a scientific reference point for their potential use as amendments to enhance soil formation and establish vegetation on bauxite residue disposal areas(BRDAs)following large-scale disposal.
