Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well ...Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.展开更多
In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,accor...In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry,it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law,it is needed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level,it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively,and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights,thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises.展开更多
Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achie...Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.展开更多
The three important historical development stages of China from"standing up","getting rich"to"becoming strong"were analyzed deeply.Regional coordinated development policies and strategies...The three important historical development stages of China from"standing up","getting rich"to"becoming strong"were analyzed deeply.Regional coordinated development policies and strategies have also gone through the"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"mature stage".On this basis,the problems of the coordination of China s regional coordinated development and joint prevention and control for environmental protection in the new era,as well as suggestions for the next step were further analyzed.展开更多
Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can ...Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.展开更多
The planning environmental impact assessment （EIA） of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 20...The planning environmental impact assessment （EIA） of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 2012, which played important roles in guiding and planning the following transmission and transformation projects in environmental protection. In this paper, through the detail analysis on the objective and significance of the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid, legal basis and planning EIA practices, some suggestions and thinking about the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid were put forward.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to study rapid dechlodnation kinetics of 1,4-dichlorobenzene （1,4-DCB） by microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst. [ Method] Microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst was us...[Objective]The research aimed to study rapid dechlodnation kinetics of 1,4-dichlorobenzene （1,4-DCB） by microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst. [ Method] Microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst was used for dechlorination of chlorobenzene （CB） and 1,4-DCB to analyze dechlorination kinetics of 1,4-DCB. [ Result] Reductive dechlorination reaction of 1,4-DCB by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst was in accordance of the two-order reaction kinetics. Reaction rate constants of 1,4-DCB dechlorination at 35 and 50 ℃ were 0.037 6 and 0.151 mol/（ L . min）, and the activation energy was 76.66 kJ/mol. By microwave-assisted Raney Ni - AI alloy catalyst, dechlorination rate of 1,4- DCB reached 90% at 10 rain and 35 ℃. Moreover, two chlorine atoms were removed simultaneously, reaching the target of efficient dechlorination. [ Condusion] Oechlodnation of polychlodnated organic compounds by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst obtained good effect .展开更多
[ Objective] Based on salicylic acid culture solution, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to rapidly count E. coli in water. [Method] Because E. coli metabolism could produce polyatomic phenol （...[ Objective] Based on salicylic acid culture solution, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to rapidly count E. coli in water. [Method] Because E. coli metabolism could produce polyatomic phenol （mainly 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid） in salicylic acid culture solu- tion, and generated amount of polyatomic phenol was proportionate to the number of E. coli, we detected 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid by HPLC. Through linear relationship, the number of E. co/i was calculated, realizing fast counting of E. coli, and detection time only needed 3 h. [ Result] Linearity range of the method detecting E. coli was 5 × 10^4 -5 × 10^10cells/ml, and the detection limit was 1 × 10^4 cells/ml. [ Conclusion] HPLC method realized rapid counting of E. coil Key words E. coli; Fast counting; HPLC; Salicylic acid; China展开更多
The emission of greenhouse gas generated by energy activity had the maximum influence on total emission. We introduced research content and method of inventory for greenhouse gas generated by energy activity in Jiangs...The emission of greenhouse gas generated by energy activity had the maximum influence on total emission. We introduced research content and method of inventory for greenhouse gas generated by energy activity in Jiangsu in 2005 and 2010, and obtained finial results. According to the sum of green gas emission from various parts, greenhouse gas emission of energy activity in Jiangsu occupied 76% -79% of total emission in 2005 and 2010. Meanwhile, the problems encountering in preparation process of inventory were summed and deeply analyzed, such as data ob- taining and processing, inconsistent statistical channel and actual measurement of emission factor. Finally, some suggestions about carrying out provincial greenhouse gas inventory work of energy activity in the future were put forward.展开更多
On the basis of experimental works of planning environmental impact assessment, works of planning environmental impact assessment such as each of the city＇s special planning and development zone planning were compreh...On the basis of experimental works of planning environmental impact assessment, works of planning environmental impact assessment such as each of the city＇s special planning and development zone planning were comprehensively promoted in Wuhan City, which effectively promoted the adjustment of Wuhan industrial structure, the rational layout of functions and the efficient utilization of resources, and laid a solid foundation for Wuhan City to be the supporting point for the rise of central China. Here, the work carried out in Wuhan was reviewed, combined with the new requirements of the current ecological civilization construction in Wuhan City, and the framework, the key technical points and the important focuses of the carrying out of the tracking evaluation of planning environmental impact assessment were proposed.展开更多
From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact ...From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact assessment of ultra-low-emission thermal power projects were discussed from the aspects of evaluation criteria,evaluation grade and scope,pollution control technical lines,environmental benefit accounting,and total emission control,and corresponding recommendations were put forward.展开更多
Environmental protection challenges thermal power construction from respects of the reform of investment system, main industrial policies and plant site selection in China. Pollution control of thermal power plants is...Environmental protection challenges thermal power construction from respects of the reform of investment system, main industrial policies and plant site selection in China. Pollution control of thermal power plants is analyzed from the angles of increasingly stringent laws, regulations and standards as well as approval procedures of thermal power projects. The paper points out emphatically that the plant site selection of a thermal power project must satisfy various requirements of rules and regulations, development programme and environmental ftmctions, etc. Different criteria of dust, SO2, NOx and other pollutants control are enumerated speeially.展开更多
NH_(3)-SCR is an effective mean of NOxremoval in the non-electric industry, however, the high activation temperature and poor H_(2)O resistance of SCR catalysts posed a barrier to its application. In this work, a seri...NH_(3)-SCR is an effective mean of NOxremoval in the non-electric industry, however, the high activation temperature and poor H_(2)O resistance of SCR catalysts posed a barrier to its application. In this work, a series of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) catalysts were synthesized via a colloidal crystal template(CCT) method, and various characterizations were carried out to explore the physicochemical property of catalysts. The experiment results reveal that Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)/3DOM-TiO_(2) catalyst presents the excellent low-temperature catalytic activity of nearly 100% at 100℃. Furthermore, the enhanced H_(2)O resistance is achieved, certified by the unaffected NO remove at 150℃ in the participation of 15 vol% H_(2)O. The characterizations results exhibit that the improved dispersion of the active component and enhanced redox ability are conducive to the low-temperature catalytic activity. N_(2) adsorption and desorption experiments indicate that catalyst with 3DOM support possesses a larger pore diameter and specific surface area, which may weaken the condensation of H_(2)O in the microporosity of catalysts and improved the H_(2)O resistance of the catalyst. In situ DRIFTS results manifest that Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)/3DOM-TiO_(2) catalyst could not only absorb more NH_(3) and generate more surface-active sites, but inhibit the competitive adsorption between H_(2)O and SCR reactants.展开更多
An anion exchange membrane(AEM)is generally expected to possess high ion exchange capacity(IEC),low water uptake(WU),and high mechanical strength when applied to electrodialysis desalination.Among different types of A...An anion exchange membrane(AEM)is generally expected to possess high ion exchange capacity(IEC),low water uptake(WU),and high mechanical strength when applied to electrodialysis desalination.Among different types of AEMs,semi-interpenetrating polymer networks(SIPNs)have been suggested for their structural superiorities,i.e.,the tunable local density of ion exchange groups for IEC and the restrained leaching of hygroscopic groups by insolubility for WU.Unfortunately,the conventional SIPN AEMs still struggle to balances IEC,WU,and mechanical strength simultaneously,due to the lack of the compact crosslinking region.In this work,we proposed a novel SIPN structure of polyvinylidene difluoride/polyvinylimidazole/1,6-dibromohexane(PVDF/PVIm/DBH).On the one hand,DBH with two cationic groups of imidazole groups are introduced to enhance the ion conductivity,which is different from the conventional monofunctional modifier with only one cationic group.On the other hand,DBH has the ability to bridge with PVIm,where the mechanical strength of the resulting AEM is increased by the increase of crosslinking degree.Results show that a low WU of 38.1%to 62.6%,high IEC of 2.12—2.22 mmol·g^(-1),and excellent tensile strength of 3.54—12.35 MPa for PVDF/PVIm/DBH membrane are achieved.This work opens a new avenue for achieving the high-quality AEMs.展开更多
Lateral transportation of soil heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity o...Lateral transportation of soil heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity of heavy metals. A model for heavy metal migration simulation was developed based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. This model took into consideration the influence of soil p H value, soil particle size, runoff volume, sediment amount,concentration of water-soluble heavy metals dissolved in runoff and insoluble absorbed to the soil particles. This model was reasonable in Huanjiang watershed, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south China, covering an area of 273 km^2. The optimal drainage area threshold was determined by analyzing the effects of watershed subdivision on the simulation results to ensure the simulation accuracy. The main conclusions of this paper were:(1) watershed subdivision could affect simulation migration quantity of heavy metals;(2) the quantity of heavy metals transported by sediment accounted for 97%–99% of the total migration quantity in the study watershed. Therefore, sediment played the most important role in heavy metal migration;(3) the optimal drainage area threshold percentage to ensure high simulation accuracy was determined to be 2.01% of the total watershed;(4) with the optimal threshold percentage, this model could simulate the migration quantity of As, Pb and Cd accurately at the total watershed and subwatershed level. The results of this paper were useful for identifying the key regions with heavy metal migration.展开更多
Coagulation mechanisms of polyaluminum chloride(PACl) at various dosages were studied using a conventional jar test at different final and initial pH values during treating kaolin suspension. The optimal final pH and ...Coagulation mechanisms of polyaluminum chloride(PACl) at various dosages were studied using a conventional jar test at different final and initial pH values during treating kaolin suspension. The optimal final pH and dosages for PACl were obtained based on residual turbidity and zeta potential of flocs. The coagulation zones at various PACl dosages and solution p H values were developed and compared with those of alum. It is found that the optimal mechanism under acidic condition is charge neutralization, while alkaline condition will facilitate the coagulation of PACl. Both charge neutralization coagulation and sweep coagulation can achieve high coagulation efficiency under the alkaline condition ranging from final p H 7.0 to 10.0. Stabilization, charge neutralization destabilization, restabilization and sweep zones occur successively with increasing PACl dosages with the final p H values fixed at 7.0 and 8.0, but restabilization zone disappears at final p H 10.0. When the final p H is not controlled and consequently decreases with increasing PACl dosage, no typical sweep zone can be observed and the coagulant efficiency decreases at high PACl dosage. It seems that the final pH is more meaningful than the initial p H for coagulation. Charge neutralization coagulation efficiency is dominated by zeta potential of flocs and PACl precipitates. The charge neutralization and sweep coagulation zones of PACl are broader in the ranges of coagulant dosage and p H than those of alum. The results are helpful for us to treat water and wastewater using PACl and to understand the coagulation process of PACl.展开更多
Inoculation with efficient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with ...Inoculation with efficient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HMW-PAHs）, a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs, designated 1-18-1, was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil. Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries （A, B and F） at different transfers. The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth. The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8% and 96.2% after incubation for 8 days at 30℃, respectively; while the degradation rate of benzo[a]pyrene was only 65.1% after incubation for 28 days at 30℃. Totally, 108, 100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A, B, and E Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups, Bacteroidetes, ct-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, β-Proteobacteda and γ- Proteobacteria. Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） in the libraries. The predominant bacterial groups were α-Proteobacteria （19 OTUs, 48.7%）, γ-Proteobacteria （90TUs, 23.1%） and β-Proteobacteria （80TUs, 20.5%）. During the transfer process, the proportions of α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria increased greatly （from 47% to 93%）, while γ-Proteobacteda decreased from 32% （library A） to 6% （library F）; and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.展开更多
In this study,a MnOx@TiO2 core‐shell catalyst prepared by a two‐step method was used for the low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.The catalyst exhibits high activity,high stability,and exce...In this study,a MnOx@TiO2 core‐shell catalyst prepared by a two‐step method was used for the low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.The catalyst exhibits high activity,high stability,and excellent N2 selectivity.Furthermore,it displays better SO2 and H2O tolerance than its MnOx,TiO2,and MnOx/TiO2 counterparts.The prepared catalyst was characterized systematically by transmission electron microscopy,high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray diffraction,Raman,BET,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction analyses.The optimized MnOx@TiO2 catalyst exhibits an obvious core‐shell structure,where the TiO2 shell is evenly distributed over the MnOx nanorod core.The catalyst also presents abundant mesopores,Lewis‐acid sites,and high redox capability,all of which enhance its catalytic performance.According to the XPS results,the decrease in the number of Mn4+active centers after SO2 poisoning is significantly lower in MnOx@TiO2 than in MnOx/TiO2.The core‐shell structure is hence able to protect the catalytic active sites from H2O and SO2 poisoning.展开更多
Series of Mn/TiO2 catalysts modified with various contents of Nd for low-temperature SCR were synthesized.It can be found that the appropriate amount of Nd can markedly reduce the take-off temperature of Mn/TiO2 catal...Series of Mn/TiO2 catalysts modified with various contents of Nd for low-temperature SCR were synthesized.It can be found that the appropriate amount of Nd can markedly reduce the take-off temperature of Mn/TiO2 catalyst to 80℃and NOx conversion is stabilized over 90%in the wide temperature range of 100-2600 C.0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti shows higher N2 selectivity and better SO2 resistance than Mn/Ti catalyst.The results reveal that Nd-doped Mn/TiO2 catalyst exhibits larger BET surface area and better dispersion of active component Mn2O3.XPS results indicate that the optimal 0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti sample possesses higher concentration of Mn4+and larger amount of adsorbed oxygen at the surface compared with the unmodified counterpart.In situ DRIFTS show that the surface acidity is evidently increased after adding Nd,especially,the Lewis acid sites,and the intermediate(-NH2)is more stable.The reaction mechanism over Mn/Ti and 0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti catalysts obey the Eley-Rideal(E-R)mechanisms under low temperature reaction conditions.H2-TPR results show that Nd-Mn/TiO2 catalyst exhibits better lowtemperature redox properties.展开更多
Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung. In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material, the cow dung was...Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung. In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material, the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined. The results indicated, pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 106 cfu/g dw at the beginning, died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50~C, and not detected at 54-68~C for 6-24 h heat treatment. Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination. Moreover, it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe, organic decomposition bacteria. During heat treatment, the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased, and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope, this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Project for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from Fixed Sources of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2020A060).
文摘Starting from the historical evolution of China s regional coordinated development policy and practice,three stages of"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"maturity stage",as well as the connotation,characteristics and content of implementing regional coordinated development strategy were analyzed.On this basis,from different aspects of industrial distribution,pollutant characteristics and regional environmental protection policy,the existing ecological and environmental protection problems in China s regional coordinated development in the new era were analyzed,and some suggestions for the next step were put forward.It is necessary to follow the"four ones"concept from the overall point of view,implement"three lines and one list"from the perspective of the width of the access red line,strengthen"joint prevention and control"from the perspective of the depth of regional regulation,deepen the"planning environmental impact assessment"from the perspective of the breadth of industrial distribution,and promote the"green-way model"from the perspective of ecological low carbon.
基金Supported by the Special Project for Research on Technical Policies on Atmospheric Pollution Reduction in 2016 of Ministry of Environmenta Protection(2016A067)
文摘In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry,it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law,it is needed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level,it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively,and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights,thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Project of Environmental Protection Public Welfare Industry (201509021)
文摘Environmental problems like haze have brought great pressure to current environmental protection management. On the one hand, plan EIA should be promoted further in all industries; on the other hand, the current achievements and methods of plan EIA should be summarized and innovated. And the EIA supervision and project access can be improved further through the coordination between plan EIA and project EIA. In this study, from the three levels of plan EIA policy framework, five problems of plan EIA in power sector were analyzed according to the current situation of plan EIA in power sector. Based on the present achievements, five macroscopic suggestions were proposed from the view of innovation accord- ing to the new environmental protection situation and requirements at present.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Plan(2016YFC0208102)Special Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Jiangsu Province(BA2020001)Special Project for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from Fixed Sources of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China in 2020(2020A060).
文摘The three important historical development stages of China from"standing up","getting rich"to"becoming strong"were analyzed deeply.Regional coordinated development policies and strategies have also gone through the"enlightenment stage","development stage"and"mature stage".On this basis,the problems of the coordination of China s regional coordinated development and joint prevention and control for environmental protection in the new era,as well as suggestions for the next step were further analyzed.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023,22208010)S&T Program of Hebei(24464301D)SINOPEC Group(24-ZS-0447).
文摘Phenol is extensively utilized in various industries involving paints,rubber,textiles,explosives,plastics,etc.Compared to the conventional distillation or extraction technologies,pervaporation(PV)membrane process can be operated at a low temperature and has a low energy consumption as well as a high separation efficiency for phenol recovery.Thus,to meet the high demand for phenol recovery,the application of PV has been encouraged,and reached a new level.The PV process is governed by the properties of the membrane materials that significantly influence the energy costs associated with the separation unit,and the membrane types include polymer membranes,inorganic membranes,and mixed matrix membranes.Although recent literatures show that PV membranes have been continuously updated,no review has reported the latest development about it.In this work,the material types,separation properties and preparation methods of hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery are summarized.Furthermore,the key preparation methods and application challenges associated with membranes are summarized,along with an overview of the opportunities and challenges posed by hydrophobic PV membranes for phenol recovery.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(2012BAC20B1003)the Key National Social Science Fund Project(12&ZD214)the Special Fund Project for the Scientific Research of the Environmental Protection Welfare Industry(201209001)
文摘The planning environmental impact assessment （EIA） of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 2012, which played important roles in guiding and planning the following transmission and transformation projects in environmental protection. In this paper, through the detail analysis on the objective and significance of the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid, legal basis and planning EIA practices, some suggestions and thinking about the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid were put forward.
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to study rapid dechlodnation kinetics of 1,4-dichlorobenzene （1,4-DCB） by microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst. [ Method] Microwave-assisted Raney Ni -AI alloy catalyst was used for dechlorination of chlorobenzene （CB） and 1,4-DCB to analyze dechlorination kinetics of 1,4-DCB. [ Result] Reductive dechlorination reaction of 1,4-DCB by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst was in accordance of the two-order reaction kinetics. Reaction rate constants of 1,4-DCB dechlorination at 35 and 50 ℃ were 0.037 6 and 0.151 mol/（ L . min）, and the activation energy was 76.66 kJ/mol. By microwave-assisted Raney Ni - AI alloy catalyst, dechlorination rate of 1,4- DCB reached 90% at 10 rain and 35 ℃. Moreover, two chlorine atoms were removed simultaneously, reaching the target of efficient dechlorination. [ Condusion] Oechlodnation of polychlodnated organic compounds by microwave-assisted Raney Ni- AI alloy catalyst obtained good effect .
基金Supported by Plan Item of National Bureau of Quality Inspection,China(2011QK345)Natural Science Foundation Item of Guangxi,China(Guikezi0728048)
文摘[ Objective] Based on salicylic acid culture solution, high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was used to rapidly count E. coli in water. [Method] Because E. coli metabolism could produce polyatomic phenol （mainly 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid） in salicylic acid culture solu- tion, and generated amount of polyatomic phenol was proportionate to the number of E. coli, we detected 2, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid by HPLC. Through linear relationship, the number of E. co/i was calculated, realizing fast counting of E. coli, and detection time only needed 3 h. [ Result] Linearity range of the method detecting E. coli was 5 × 10^4 -5 × 10^10cells/ml, and the detection limit was 1 × 10^4 cells/ml. [ Conclusion] HPLC method realized rapid counting of E. coil Key words E. coli; Fast counting; HPLC; Salicylic acid; China
基金Supported by Clean Development Mechanism Fund Item of China(2012040)National Science and Technology Support Plan Project,China(2012BAC20B1003)
文摘The emission of greenhouse gas generated by energy activity had the maximum influence on total emission. We introduced research content and method of inventory for greenhouse gas generated by energy activity in Jiangsu in 2005 and 2010, and obtained finial results. According to the sum of green gas emission from various parts, greenhouse gas emission of energy activity in Jiangsu occupied 76% -79% of total emission in 2005 and 2010. Meanwhile, the problems encountering in preparation process of inventory were summed and deeply analyzed, such as data ob- taining and processing, inconsistent statistical channel and actual measurement of emission factor. Finally, some suggestions about carrying out provincial greenhouse gas inventory work of energy activity in the future were put forward.
文摘On the basis of experimental works of planning environmental impact assessment, works of planning environmental impact assessment such as each of the city＇s special planning and development zone planning were comprehensively promoted in Wuhan City, which effectively promoted the adjustment of Wuhan industrial structure, the rational layout of functions and the efficient utilization of resources, and laid a solid foundation for Wuhan City to be the supporting point for the rise of central China. Here, the work carried out in Wuhan was reviewed, combined with the new requirements of the current ecological civilization construction in Wuhan City, and the framework, the key technical points and the important focuses of the carrying out of the tracking evaluation of planning environmental impact assessment were proposed.
基金Supported by Special Project for Research on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution from Fire Coal in 2018 of Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China(2018A030)
文摘From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact assessment of ultra-low-emission thermal power projects were discussed from the aspects of evaluation criteria,evaluation grade and scope,pollution control technical lines,environmental benefit accounting,and total emission control,and corresponding recommendations were put forward.
文摘Environmental protection challenges thermal power construction from respects of the reform of investment system, main industrial policies and plant site selection in China. Pollution control of thermal power plants is analyzed from the angles of increasingly stringent laws, regulations and standards as well as approval procedures of thermal power projects. The paper points out emphatically that the plant site selection of a thermal power project must satisfy various requirements of rules and regulations, development programme and environmental ftmctions, etc. Different criteria of dust, SO2, NOx and other pollutants control are enumerated speeially.
基金Project supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3500601)。
文摘NH_(3)-SCR is an effective mean of NOxremoval in the non-electric industry, however, the high activation temperature and poor H_(2)O resistance of SCR catalysts posed a barrier to its application. In this work, a series of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) catalysts were synthesized via a colloidal crystal template(CCT) method, and various characterizations were carried out to explore the physicochemical property of catalysts. The experiment results reveal that Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)/3DOM-TiO_(2) catalyst presents the excellent low-temperature catalytic activity of nearly 100% at 100℃. Furthermore, the enhanced H_(2)O resistance is achieved, certified by the unaffected NO remove at 150℃ in the participation of 15 vol% H_(2)O. The characterizations results exhibit that the improved dispersion of the active component and enhanced redox ability are conducive to the low-temperature catalytic activity. N_(2) adsorption and desorption experiments indicate that catalyst with 3DOM support possesses a larger pore diameter and specific surface area, which may weaken the condensation of H_(2)O in the microporosity of catalysts and improved the H_(2)O resistance of the catalyst. In situ DRIFTS results manifest that Ce_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)/3DOM-TiO_(2) catalyst could not only absorb more NH_(3) and generate more surface-active sites, but inhibit the competitive adsorption between H_(2)O and SCR reactants.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023,22208010)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project(Z221100002722002)+3 种基金Bingtuan Science and Technology Program(2022DB025)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222015)Sinopec Group(323034)the long-term from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of PRC。
文摘An anion exchange membrane(AEM)is generally expected to possess high ion exchange capacity(IEC),low water uptake(WU),and high mechanical strength when applied to electrodialysis desalination.Among different types of AEMs,semi-interpenetrating polymer networks(SIPNs)have been suggested for their structural superiorities,i.e.,the tunable local density of ion exchange groups for IEC and the restrained leaching of hygroscopic groups by insolubility for WU.Unfortunately,the conventional SIPN AEMs still struggle to balances IEC,WU,and mechanical strength simultaneously,due to the lack of the compact crosslinking region.In this work,we proposed a novel SIPN structure of polyvinylidene difluoride/polyvinylimidazole/1,6-dibromohexane(PVDF/PVIm/DBH).On the one hand,DBH with two cationic groups of imidazole groups are introduced to enhance the ion conductivity,which is different from the conventional monofunctional modifier with only one cationic group.On the other hand,DBH has the ability to bridge with PVIm,where the mechanical strength of the resulting AEM is increased by the increase of crosslinking degree.Results show that a low WU of 38.1%to 62.6%,high IEC of 2.12—2.22 mmol·g^(-1),and excellent tensile strength of 3.54—12.35 MPa for PVDF/PVIm/DBH membrane are achieved.This work opens a new avenue for achieving the high-quality AEMs.
基金supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2014AA06A513)the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation+2 种基金the Project of Heavy Metal Risk Warning and Phytoremediation in Mining Concentrated Area(No.GJHZ201308)the Special Fund for Environment Protection Research in the Public Interest(No.201409044)the Study on Heavy Metal Accumulation Risk and Early Warning in Typical Ore Concentration Area(No.201111020-4)
文摘Lateral transportation of soil heavy metals in rainfall events could significantly increase the scope of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a model with high accuracy to simulate the migration quantity of heavy metals. A model for heavy metal migration simulation was developed based on the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. This model took into consideration the influence of soil p H value, soil particle size, runoff volume, sediment amount,concentration of water-soluble heavy metals dissolved in runoff and insoluble absorbed to the soil particles. This model was reasonable in Huanjiang watershed, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, south China, covering an area of 273 km^2. The optimal drainage area threshold was determined by analyzing the effects of watershed subdivision on the simulation results to ensure the simulation accuracy. The main conclusions of this paper were:(1) watershed subdivision could affect simulation migration quantity of heavy metals;(2) the quantity of heavy metals transported by sediment accounted for 97%–99% of the total migration quantity in the study watershed. Therefore, sediment played the most important role in heavy metal migration;(3) the optimal drainage area threshold percentage to ensure high simulation accuracy was determined to be 2.01% of the total watershed;(4) with the optimal threshold percentage, this model could simulate the migration quantity of As, Pb and Cd accurately at the total watershed and subwatershed level. The results of this paper were useful for identifying the key regions with heavy metal migration.
基金Supported by the Special Funds of Technological Development for Scientific Research Institutes from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2010EG111022,2011EG111307,2012EG111122)the Program for Overseas Talents(OTP-2013-015)the Program for Innovative Research Team(IG201204N)from Beijing Academy of Science and Technology
文摘Coagulation mechanisms of polyaluminum chloride(PACl) at various dosages were studied using a conventional jar test at different final and initial pH values during treating kaolin suspension. The optimal final pH and dosages for PACl were obtained based on residual turbidity and zeta potential of flocs. The coagulation zones at various PACl dosages and solution p H values were developed and compared with those of alum. It is found that the optimal mechanism under acidic condition is charge neutralization, while alkaline condition will facilitate the coagulation of PACl. Both charge neutralization coagulation and sweep coagulation can achieve high coagulation efficiency under the alkaline condition ranging from final p H 7.0 to 10.0. Stabilization, charge neutralization destabilization, restabilization and sweep zones occur successively with increasing PACl dosages with the final p H values fixed at 7.0 and 8.0, but restabilization zone disappears at final p H 10.0. When the final p H is not controlled and consequently decreases with increasing PACl dosage, no typical sweep zone can be observed and the coagulant efficiency decreases at high PACl dosage. It seems that the final pH is more meaningful than the initial p H for coagulation. Charge neutralization coagulation efficiency is dominated by zeta potential of flocs and PACl precipitates. The charge neutralization and sweep coagulation zones of PACl are broader in the ranges of coagulant dosage and p H than those of alum. The results are helpful for us to treat water and wastewater using PACl and to understand the coagulation process of PACl.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KSCS2-YW-G-055-01)the High-Tech Research and Development Program(863)of China(No.2006AA06Z316)the Program of Beijing Academy of Science Technology(No.IE012009610019-1)
文摘Inoculation with efficient microbes had been proved to be the most important way for the bioremediation of polluted environments. For the treatment of abandoned site of Beijing Coking Chemical Plant contaminated with high level of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （HMW-PAHs）, a bacterial consortium capable of degrading HMW-PAHs, designated 1-18-1, was enriched and screened from HMW-PAHs contaminated soil. Its degrading ability was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the community structure was investigated by construction and analyses of the 16S rRNA gene clone libraries （A, B and F） at different transfers. The results indicated that 1-18-1 was able to utilize pyrene, fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene as sole carbon and energy source for growth. The degradation rate of pyrene and fluoranthene reached 82.8% and 96.2% after incubation for 8 days at 30℃, respectively; while the degradation rate of benzo[a]pyrene was only 65.1% after incubation for 28 days at 30℃. Totally, 108, 100 and 100 valid clones were randomly selected and sequenced from the libraries A, B, and E Phylogenetic analyses showed that all the clones could be divided into 5 groups, Bacteroidetes, ct-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, β-Proteobacteda and γ- Proteobacteria. Sequence similarity analyses showed total 39 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） in the libraries. The predominant bacterial groups were α-Proteobacteria （19 OTUs, 48.7%）, γ-Proteobacteria （90TUs, 23.1%） and β-Proteobacteria （80TUs, 20.5%）. During the transfer process, the proportions of α-Proteobacteria and β-Proteobacteria increased greatly （from 47% to 93%）, while γ-Proteobacteda decreased from 32% （library A） to 6% （library F）; and Bacteroidetes group disappeared in libraries B and F.
文摘In this study,a MnOx@TiO2 core‐shell catalyst prepared by a two‐step method was used for the low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3.The catalyst exhibits high activity,high stability,and excellent N2 selectivity.Furthermore,it displays better SO2 and H2O tolerance than its MnOx,TiO2,and MnOx/TiO2 counterparts.The prepared catalyst was characterized systematically by transmission electron microscopy,high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy,X‐ray diffraction,Raman,BET,X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy,NH3 temperature‐programmed desorption and H2 temperature‐programmed reduction analyses.The optimized MnOx@TiO2 catalyst exhibits an obvious core‐shell structure,where the TiO2 shell is evenly distributed over the MnOx nanorod core.The catalyst also presents abundant mesopores,Lewis‐acid sites,and high redox capability,all of which enhance its catalytic performance.According to the XPS results,the decrease in the number of Mn4+active centers after SO2 poisoning is significantly lower in MnOx@TiO2 than in MnOx/TiO2.The core‐shell structure is hence able to protect the catalytic active sites from H2O and SO2 poisoning.
基金Project supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of Jiangsu Province(BE2017716)National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0603201)Environmental Nonprofit Industry Research subject(2016YFC0208102)。
文摘Series of Mn/TiO2 catalysts modified with various contents of Nd for low-temperature SCR were synthesized.It can be found that the appropriate amount of Nd can markedly reduce the take-off temperature of Mn/TiO2 catalyst to 80℃and NOx conversion is stabilized over 90%in the wide temperature range of 100-2600 C.0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti shows higher N2 selectivity and better SO2 resistance than Mn/Ti catalyst.The results reveal that Nd-doped Mn/TiO2 catalyst exhibits larger BET surface area and better dispersion of active component Mn2O3.XPS results indicate that the optimal 0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti sample possesses higher concentration of Mn4+and larger amount of adsorbed oxygen at the surface compared with the unmodified counterpart.In situ DRIFTS show that the surface acidity is evidently increased after adding Nd,especially,the Lewis acid sites,and the intermediate(-NH2)is more stable.The reaction mechanism over Mn/Ti and 0.1 Nd-Mn/Ti catalysts obey the Eley-Rideal(E-R)mechanisms under low temperature reaction conditions.H2-TPR results show that Nd-Mn/TiO2 catalyst exhibits better lowtemperature redox properties.
文摘Various kinds of pathogenic bacteria derived from the intestinal tract of animals exist in compost material like cow dung. In order to sterilize the pathogenic bacteria completely in compost material, the cow dung was put into a heat treatment machine in pilot plan, and harmless condition in short time was examined. The results indicated, pathogenic indicator bacteria such as coliform bacteria, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and salmonella were all 106 cfu/g dw at the beginning, died rapidly when cow dung temperature rose to above 50~C, and not detected at 54-68~C for 6-24 h heat treatment. Coliform bacteria and salmonella in heated cow dung were not detected by re-growth culture and enrichment culture examination. Moreover, it was hardly influenced on the fermentation ability of composting microbe, organic decomposition bacteria. During heat treatment, the mesophile decreased rapidly and the thermophile stabilized or increased, and the most of composting microbe were bacillus in cow dung by fluorescence microscope, this indicated that bacillus was dominator and composting microbe in composting process.
