Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1...Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1.7) mBq·L-1, (0.3±0.1) mBq·L-1 and (1.6±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (2.8±2.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in rainwater. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4±4.1) mBq·L-1, (0.7±0.2) mBq·L-1 and (1.0±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0±1.8) m Bq·L-1, (1.0±0.5) mBq·L-1 and (2.8±2.2) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (1.4±0.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspheric 3H concentration in 1993～2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9±96.3) and (64.2±40.2) mBq·m-3, respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric 14C concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.展开更多
The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were...The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquat- ic environmental monitoring methods in China.展开更多
Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental...Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.展开更多
With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However...With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.展开更多
The changes of 109 analytical methods for surface water in the past 20 years since the implementation of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)were analyzed.Concidering with the analysis of sp...The changes of 109 analytical methods for surface water in the past 20 years since the implementation of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)were analyzed.Concidering with the analysis of specific items in the quality standard,it is suggested that the monograph method and the general method(the general method is moved to the standard collection of general rules and standards)can be combined when the analytical method is newly formulated and revised in the future;the limit table of the quality standard or pollution source emission standard is moved to the collection of general rules and standards,and the referenced analysis method standards are deleted.The description of analysis method standard is more succinct,and the structure of the whole ecological environment standard system is clearer.展开更多
The development of environmental water quality monitoring itself is difficult, and the content involved is extensive and complex. In order to carry out this work, people with certain professional ability are often nee...The development of environmental water quality monitoring itself is difficult, and the content involved is extensive and complex. In order to carry out this work, people with certain professional ability are often needed. At the same time, the development of this work is closely related to our daily life. If there is no scientific quality control of environmental water quality monitoring, it may have a great adverse impact on our life. Especially in the period of rapid economic development in China, it is more necessary to carry out environmental water quality monitoring. Based on this, this article attempts to analyze the relevant contents of environmental water quality monitoring quality control for reference only.展开更多
In the environment of continuous economic progress, there have been serious ecological and environmental problems, threatening the social economy and the continued development of mankind. Therefore, in recent years, e...In the environment of continuous economic progress, there have been serious ecological and environmental problems, threatening the social economy and the continued development of mankind. Therefore, in recent years, environmental protection has gradually attracted people's close attention. Therefore, people's requirements for environmental monitoring are also increasing. We should understand the key role of environmental monitoring in environmental protection, and adopt relevant strategies to improve the scientific and technological methods of environmental monitoring, so as to support the continuous growth of domestic economy and society.展开更多
With the continuous development and utilization of resources, the ecological environment has been destroyed more and more obviously, and natural disasters have also occurred. It is extremely important to improve the e...With the continuous development and utilization of resources, the ecological environment has been destroyed more and more obviously, and natural disasters have also occurred. It is extremely important to improve the environmental monitoring and protection mechanism. Environmental monitoring technology is to use scientific detection methods and means to accurately understand the pollution situation, provide a reliable basis for the prevention and control of pollution, and accurately predict the change of pollutants. In this paper, the application of environmental monitoring technology in environmental protection is studied in order to provide reference for relevant people.展开更多
In modern society, the level of science and technology changes with the changes of the times. Science and technology are widely used in various industries and also play a very important role. The online automatic dete...In modern society, the level of science and technology changes with the changes of the times. Science and technology are widely used in various industries and also play a very important role. The online automatic detection and monitoring system for environmental pollution sources is an embodiment of adopting advanced environmental protection technology. In practice, the system is mainly based on complex technologies such as computer technology and sensors to detect the source of pollutants. With the application of advanced technology for many times, the practical application of this system becomes more and more common. Based on this, this paper discusses the relevant contents of the online automatic monitoring and control management system for environmental pollution sources.展开更多
Precipitation plays a pivotal role in wet deposition,significantly affecting aerosol purification.The efficacy of precipitation in removing aerosols depends on its type and the characteristics of the particulates invo...Precipitation plays a pivotal role in wet deposition,significantly affecting aerosol purification.The efficacy of precipitation in removing aerosols depends on its type and the characteristics of the particulates involved.However,further research is necessary to fully understand how precipitation impacts PM_(2.5)components.This study utilized high-temporalresolution data on PM_(2.5),its components and meteorological factors to examine varying responses influenced by precipitation intensity and duration.The findings indicate that increased rainfall intensity and duration enhance PM_(2.5)and its constituents removal efficiency.Specifically,longer precipitation periods significantly improve PM_(2.5)purification,especially with drizzle and light rain.Moreover,there is a direct correlation between preprecipitation PM_(2.5)levels and its scavenging rates,with drizzle potentially exacerbating PM_(2.5)pollution under cleaner conditions(≤35μg/m^(3)).Seasonally,the efficacy of removing PM_(2.5)components varies notably in response to drizzle and light rain.In spring,higher PM_(2.5)levels after drizzlewere primarily due to increased organic carbon concentrations favored by higher relative humidity and lower pH conditions compared to other seasons,conducive to secondary organic aerosol production.Lower wind speeds and higher temperatures further contribute to water-soluble organic carbon accumulation.Daytime and nighttime precipitation exerted differing influences on PM_(2.5)components,particularly in spring where daytime drizzle and light rain significantly increased PM_(2.5)and its constituents,notably NO_(3)-,potentially associated with phase distribution changes between gas and aerosol phases in low-temperature,high-RH conditions compared to nighttime.These results propose a dualimpact mechanism of precipitation on PM_(2.5)and provide scientific basis for designing effective control strategies.展开更多
Water is a life resource, especially with the development of society, and the pollution of water quality is getting more and more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, peoples requiremen...Water is a life resource, especially with the development of society, and the pollution of water quality is getting more and more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, peoples requirements for water are getting higher and higher, so they pay more and more attention to the environment. If the water quality can be effectively monitored, it can provide an important reference for the next step of environmental protection, which not only realizes the protection of water quality and environment, but also ensures peoples health. It should be noted that water quality can be fully reflected through water quality monitoring, which provides a more scientific basis for further strengthening water resources management and protecting the environment. It should be noted that the pollution of water resources and environment has become more serious in recent years, so it is imperative and urgent to comprehensively strengthen the monitoring of water quality and protect water resources.展开更多
With the rapid development of social economy, the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious. In order to fundamentally improve the quality and efficiency of water environmental engineering construct...With the rapid development of social economy, the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious. In order to fundamentally improve the quality and efficiency of water environmental engineering construction, it is necessary to establish and improve the environmental monitoring quality assessment system and effectively control the water quality standard substances. Based on this, this paper analyzes the significance of the application of environmental monitoring quality control in the application of water quality standard substance, puts forward the problems existing in the current water environment monitoring, analyzes the current situation of environmental quality monitoring control and the application of water quality standard substance, and puts forward the application points of water quality standard substance in the quality control of environmental monitoring for reference.展开更多
In recent years, people's environmental awareness is stronger and stronger, at the same time, people pay more and more attention to the quality management of environmental monitoring. Compared with other domestic ...In recent years, people's environmental awareness is stronger and stronger, at the same time, people pay more and more attention to the quality management of environmental monitoring. Compared with other domestic monitoring technologies, the development trend of environmental monitoring quality management is slower, and the analysis efficiency is low. To some extent, it restricts the development of domestic environmental monitoring. Therefore, we should start with the specific situation of environmental monitoring work at this stage, and analyze it from different levels, so that environmental monitoring can be deepened, improved and developed.展开更多
The rapid development of social economy has caused different degrees of pollution to the ecological environment, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. In order to improve this situation...The rapid development of social economy has caused different degrees of pollution to the ecological environment, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. In order to improve this situation and promote the harmonious development of economy and environment, we must do a good job in environmental monitoring. By monitoring the types and contents of substances in the ecological environment, we can obtain valuable data, and then compare them with the requirements of relevant standards and take reasonable solutions to ensure the quality level of the ecological environment. In actual work, the operation and implementation of monitoring will be affected by personnel, equipment and environment, which will limit the normal development of some work. Therefore, relevant departments should intensify the research on ecological environment monitoring and formulate scientific and effective countermeasures for existing problems.展开更多
In the aspect of environmental protection, the application of environmental monitoring technology is a powerful weapon for the development of China's environmental protection cause and also enhances the influence ...In the aspect of environmental protection, the application of environmental monitoring technology is a powerful weapon for the development of China's environmental protection cause and also enhances the influence of environmental policies. However, in the face of the current environmental situation, relevant departments should comprehensively deal with the factors of social development, strengthen the quality control of environmental monitoring, continuously improve the monitoring methods and systems, effectively improve the quality of personnel, and effectively guarantee the quality of environmental monitoring in our country. Environmental problems are complicated by the complexity of China's national economy. The geological and hydrological network is uneven and the monitoring environment is extremely harsh, and the research and application of environmental monitoring technology is extremely important. Based on this, this paper briefly describes several commonly used environmental monitoring technologies in China. At the same time, it is pointed out that the status quo of environmental monitoring highlights the problems existing in the application of relevant monitoring technologies, and the quality control methods of environmental monitoring technologies are briefly analyzed for reference only.展开更多
With the development of socialist market economy towards sustainability, the state and relevant departments put forward higher requirements for the quality level of environmental supervision and monitoring work, which...With the development of socialist market economy towards sustainability, the state and relevant departments put forward higher requirements for the quality level of environmental supervision and monitoring work, which requires relevant departments to continuously optimize the contents of environmental supervision and monitoring system on the original basis and work out a coordinated operation mechanism of the two tasks. Based on this, this paper takes the concept of environmental supervision and environmental monitoring as the breakthrough point, puts forward the internal relationship between environmental supervision and monitoring, analyzes the current implementation status of the two tasks, and puts forward specific measures to promote the coordinated operation of environmental supervision and environmental monitoring, in order to provide theoretical help for relevant departments.展开更多
The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping ...The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”展开更多
Previous studies have often focused on monitoring grassland growth as the primary target of remote sensing investigations on grassland ecological restoration in the northern Tibetan Plateau,overlooking the crucial rol...Previous studies have often focused on monitoring grassland growth as the primary target of remote sensing investigations on grassland ecological restoration in the northern Tibetan Plateau,overlooking the crucial role played by gravel in the ecological restoration of these grasslands.This study utilizes supervised classification and segmentation techniques based on machine learning to extract gravel morphology profiles from field-sampled plot images and calculate their characteristic parameters.Employing a multivariate linear approach combined with Principal Component Analysis(PCA),a model for inferring gravel characteristic parameters is constructed.Statistical features,particle size characteristics,and spatial distribution patterns of gravel are analyzed.Results reveal that gravel predominantly exhibit sub-rounded shapes,with 80%classified as fine gravel.The coefficients of determination(R2)between gravel particle size and coverage,perimeter,and area are 0.444,0.724,and 0.557,respectively,indicating linear relationships.The cumulative contribution rate of the top five remote sensing factors is 95.44%,with the first geological factor contributing 77.64%,collectively reflecting the primary information of the 20 factors used.Modeling shows that areas with larger gravel particle sizes correspond to increased perimeter and coverage.Gravels in the Nagqu Prefecture of northern Xizang have a particle size range of 4-8 mm,primarily comprising fine gravel which accounts for 94.61%.These findings provide a scientific basis for extracting gravel characteristic parameters and understanding their spatial distribution variations in the northern Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China ...Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.展开更多
To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) po...To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) pollution control strategies.However,currently widely-used methods,such as statistical models and numerical models,exhibit inherent limitations in identifying OPS in a timely and accurate manner.In this study,we developed a novel approach to identify OPS based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting model,Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)al-gorithm,and volatile organic compound(VOC)photochemical decay adjustment,using the meteorology and speciated pollutant monitoring data as the input.By comparing the difference in SHAP values between base sce-nario and precursor reduction scenario for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and VOCs,OPS was divided into NO_(x)-limited,VOCs-limited and transition regime.Using the long-lasting O_(3) pollution episode in the autumn of 2022 at the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)as an example,we demonstrated large spatiotemporal heterogeneities of OPS over the GBA,which were generally shifted from NO_(x)-limited to VOCs-limited from September to October and more inclined to be VOCs-limited at the central and NO_(x)-limited in the peripheral areas.This study developed an innovative OPS identification method by comparing the difference in SHAP value before and after precursor emission reduction.Our method enables the accurate identification of OPS in the time scale of seconds,thereby providing a state-of-the-art tool for the rapid guidance of spatial-specific O_(3) control strategies.展开更多
文摘Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1.7) mBq·L-1, (0.3±0.1) mBq·L-1 and (1.6±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (2.8±2.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in rainwater. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4±4.1) mBq·L-1, (0.7±0.2) mBq·L-1 and (1.0±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0±1.8) m Bq·L-1, (1.0±0.5) mBq·L-1 and (2.8±2.2) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (1.4±0.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspheric 3H concentration in 1993～2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9±96.3) and (64.2±40.2) mBq·m-3, respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric 14C concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.
基金Supported by Study on Water Environment Quality Monitoring Technological Method (2009ZX07527-001)Chongqing Natural Science Fund (CSTC,2009B137391)
文摘The development of Chinese system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was summarized. The existing problem of the system of aquatic environmental monitoring methods was analyzed. At last, some suggestions were made on setting and implementing the system of aquat- ic environmental monitoring methods in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41376190,41531179,41421001 and 41601425)the Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Marine Bureau(No.Hu Hai Ke2016-05)the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project,State Oceanic Administration of the People’s Republic of China(Nos.201505008 and 201305027)
文摘Water quality is critical to ensure that marine resources and the environment are utilized in a sustainable manner. The objective of this study is therefore to investigate the optimum placement of marine environmental monitoring sites to monitor water quality in Shanghai, China. To improve the mapping or estimation accuracy of the areas with different water quality grades, the monitoring sites were fixed in transition bands between areas of different grades rather than in other positions. Following bidirectional optimization method, first, 18 candidate sites were selected by filtering out specific site categories. Second, three of these were, in turn, eliminated because of the rule defined by the changes in the areas of water quality grades and by the standard deviation of the interpolation errors of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) and phosphate(PO_4-P). Furthermore, indicator kriging was employed to depict the transition bands between different water quality grades whenever new sampling sites were added. The four optimization projects of the newly added sites reveal that, all optimized sites were distributed in the transition bands of different water grades, and at the same time in the areas where the historical sites were sparsely distributed. New sites were also found in the overlap region of different transition bands. Additional sites were especially required in these regions to discriminate the boundaries of different water quality grades. Using the bidirectional optimization method of the monitoring sites, the boundaries of different water quality grades could be determined with a higher precision. As a result, the interpolation errors of DIN and PO_4-P could theoretically decrease.
文摘With the rapid development of the city,the concept of ecological environment has been integrated into everyone’s heart.In the new era,people also have higher requirements for the quality of living environment.However,at this stage,with the development of urbanization and industrialization,the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious.Therefore,we must do a good job in urban environmental monitoring,pay attention to the protection of urban environment,design and implement effective governance methods,so as to improve the quality of environmental governance.This article analyzes the problems in urban environmental monitoring,and formulates reasonable treatment methods and suggestions.
文摘The changes of 109 analytical methods for surface water in the past 20 years since the implementation of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002)were analyzed.Concidering with the analysis of specific items in the quality standard,it is suggested that the monograph method and the general method(the general method is moved to the standard collection of general rules and standards)can be combined when the analytical method is newly formulated and revised in the future;the limit table of the quality standard or pollution source emission standard is moved to the collection of general rules and standards,and the referenced analysis method standards are deleted.The description of analysis method standard is more succinct,and the structure of the whole ecological environment standard system is clearer.
文摘The development of environmental water quality monitoring itself is difficult, and the content involved is extensive and complex. In order to carry out this work, people with certain professional ability are often needed. At the same time, the development of this work is closely related to our daily life. If there is no scientific quality control of environmental water quality monitoring, it may have a great adverse impact on our life. Especially in the period of rapid economic development in China, it is more necessary to carry out environmental water quality monitoring. Based on this, this article attempts to analyze the relevant contents of environmental water quality monitoring quality control for reference only.
文摘In the environment of continuous economic progress, there have been serious ecological and environmental problems, threatening the social economy and the continued development of mankind. Therefore, in recent years, environmental protection has gradually attracted people's close attention. Therefore, people's requirements for environmental monitoring are also increasing. We should understand the key role of environmental monitoring in environmental protection, and adopt relevant strategies to improve the scientific and technological methods of environmental monitoring, so as to support the continuous growth of domestic economy and society.
文摘With the continuous development and utilization of resources, the ecological environment has been destroyed more and more obviously, and natural disasters have also occurred. It is extremely important to improve the environmental monitoring and protection mechanism. Environmental monitoring technology is to use scientific detection methods and means to accurately understand the pollution situation, provide a reliable basis for the prevention and control of pollution, and accurately predict the change of pollutants. In this paper, the application of environmental monitoring technology in environmental protection is studied in order to provide reference for relevant people.
文摘In modern society, the level of science and technology changes with the changes of the times. Science and technology are widely used in various industries and also play a very important role. The online automatic detection and monitoring system for environmental pollution sources is an embodiment of adopting advanced environmental protection technology. In practice, the system is mainly based on complex technologies such as computer technology and sensors to detect the source of pollutants. With the application of advanced technology for many times, the practical application of this system becomes more and more common. Based on this, this paper discusses the relevant contents of the online automatic monitoring and control management system for environmental pollution sources.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42175124)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.23YFS0383)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.2023CDSN-18).
文摘Precipitation plays a pivotal role in wet deposition,significantly affecting aerosol purification.The efficacy of precipitation in removing aerosols depends on its type and the characteristics of the particulates involved.However,further research is necessary to fully understand how precipitation impacts PM_(2.5)components.This study utilized high-temporalresolution data on PM_(2.5),its components and meteorological factors to examine varying responses influenced by precipitation intensity and duration.The findings indicate that increased rainfall intensity and duration enhance PM_(2.5)and its constituents removal efficiency.Specifically,longer precipitation periods significantly improve PM_(2.5)purification,especially with drizzle and light rain.Moreover,there is a direct correlation between preprecipitation PM_(2.5)levels and its scavenging rates,with drizzle potentially exacerbating PM_(2.5)pollution under cleaner conditions(≤35μg/m^(3)).Seasonally,the efficacy of removing PM_(2.5)components varies notably in response to drizzle and light rain.In spring,higher PM_(2.5)levels after drizzlewere primarily due to increased organic carbon concentrations favored by higher relative humidity and lower pH conditions compared to other seasons,conducive to secondary organic aerosol production.Lower wind speeds and higher temperatures further contribute to water-soluble organic carbon accumulation.Daytime and nighttime precipitation exerted differing influences on PM_(2.5)components,particularly in spring where daytime drizzle and light rain significantly increased PM_(2.5)and its constituents,notably NO_(3)-,potentially associated with phase distribution changes between gas and aerosol phases in low-temperature,high-RH conditions compared to nighttime.These results propose a dualimpact mechanism of precipitation on PM_(2.5)and provide scientific basis for designing effective control strategies.
文摘Water is a life resource, especially with the development of society, and the pollution of water quality is getting more and more serious. At the same time, with the improvement of living standards, peoples requirements for water are getting higher and higher, so they pay more and more attention to the environment. If the water quality can be effectively monitored, it can provide an important reference for the next step of environmental protection, which not only realizes the protection of water quality and environment, but also ensures peoples health. It should be noted that water quality can be fully reflected through water quality monitoring, which provides a more scientific basis for further strengthening water resources management and protecting the environment. It should be noted that the pollution of water resources and environment has become more serious in recent years, so it is imperative and urgent to comprehensively strengthen the monitoring of water quality and protect water resources.
文摘With the rapid development of social economy, the problem of water pollution is becoming more and more serious. In order to fundamentally improve the quality and efficiency of water environmental engineering construction, it is necessary to establish and improve the environmental monitoring quality assessment system and effectively control the water quality standard substances. Based on this, this paper analyzes the significance of the application of environmental monitoring quality control in the application of water quality standard substance, puts forward the problems existing in the current water environment monitoring, analyzes the current situation of environmental quality monitoring control and the application of water quality standard substance, and puts forward the application points of water quality standard substance in the quality control of environmental monitoring for reference.
文摘In recent years, people's environmental awareness is stronger and stronger, at the same time, people pay more and more attention to the quality management of environmental monitoring. Compared with other domestic monitoring technologies, the development trend of environmental monitoring quality management is slower, and the analysis efficiency is low. To some extent, it restricts the development of domestic environmental monitoring. Therefore, we should start with the specific situation of environmental monitoring work at this stage, and analyze it from different levels, so that environmental monitoring can be deepened, improved and developed.
文摘The rapid development of social economy has caused different degrees of pollution to the ecological environment, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the country. In order to improve this situation and promote the harmonious development of economy and environment, we must do a good job in environmental monitoring. By monitoring the types and contents of substances in the ecological environment, we can obtain valuable data, and then compare them with the requirements of relevant standards and take reasonable solutions to ensure the quality level of the ecological environment. In actual work, the operation and implementation of monitoring will be affected by personnel, equipment and environment, which will limit the normal development of some work. Therefore, relevant departments should intensify the research on ecological environment monitoring and formulate scientific and effective countermeasures for existing problems.
文摘In the aspect of environmental protection, the application of environmental monitoring technology is a powerful weapon for the development of China's environmental protection cause and also enhances the influence of environmental policies. However, in the face of the current environmental situation, relevant departments should comprehensively deal with the factors of social development, strengthen the quality control of environmental monitoring, continuously improve the monitoring methods and systems, effectively improve the quality of personnel, and effectively guarantee the quality of environmental monitoring in our country. Environmental problems are complicated by the complexity of China's national economy. The geological and hydrological network is uneven and the monitoring environment is extremely harsh, and the research and application of environmental monitoring technology is extremely important. Based on this, this paper briefly describes several commonly used environmental monitoring technologies in China. At the same time, it is pointed out that the status quo of environmental monitoring highlights the problems existing in the application of relevant monitoring technologies, and the quality control methods of environmental monitoring technologies are briefly analyzed for reference only.
文摘With the development of socialist market economy towards sustainability, the state and relevant departments put forward higher requirements for the quality level of environmental supervision and monitoring work, which requires relevant departments to continuously optimize the contents of environmental supervision and monitoring system on the original basis and work out a coordinated operation mechanism of the two tasks. Based on this, this paper takes the concept of environmental supervision and environmental monitoring as the breakthrough point, puts forward the internal relationship between environmental supervision and monitoring, analyzes the current implementation status of the two tasks, and puts forward specific measures to promote the coordinated operation of environmental supervision and environmental monitoring, in order to provide theoretical help for relevant departments.
文摘The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”
基金funded by the Major R&D and Achievement Transformation Projects of Xizang(CGZH2024000416)Science and Technology Program of Xizang(XZ202402ZD0001)Major R&D and Achievement Transformation Projects of Qinghai(2022-QY-224)。
文摘Previous studies have often focused on monitoring grassland growth as the primary target of remote sensing investigations on grassland ecological restoration in the northern Tibetan Plateau,overlooking the crucial role played by gravel in the ecological restoration of these grasslands.This study utilizes supervised classification and segmentation techniques based on machine learning to extract gravel morphology profiles from field-sampled plot images and calculate their characteristic parameters.Employing a multivariate linear approach combined with Principal Component Analysis(PCA),a model for inferring gravel characteristic parameters is constructed.Statistical features,particle size characteristics,and spatial distribution patterns of gravel are analyzed.Results reveal that gravel predominantly exhibit sub-rounded shapes,with 80%classified as fine gravel.The coefficients of determination(R2)between gravel particle size and coverage,perimeter,and area are 0.444,0.724,and 0.557,respectively,indicating linear relationships.The cumulative contribution rate of the top five remote sensing factors is 95.44%,with the first geological factor contributing 77.64%,collectively reflecting the primary information of the 20 factors used.Modeling shows that areas with larger gravel particle sizes correspond to increased perimeter and coverage.Gravels in the Nagqu Prefecture of northern Xizang have a particle size range of 4-8 mm,primarily comprising fine gravel which accounts for 94.61%.These findings provide a scientific basis for extracting gravel characteristic parameters and understanding their spatial distribution variations in the northern Tibetan Plateau.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41975156)and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Oxidative potential(OP)can be used as an indicator of the health risks of particulate matter in the air.To study the variation and sources of OP,we conducted an observation of PM_(2.5) in a megacity in southern China in winter and spring of 2021.The results show that the average concentration of PM_(2.5) decreased by 47%from winter to spring,while volume-normalized and mass-normalized OP(i.e.,OP_(v) and OP_(m))increased by 6%and 69%,respectively.It suggests that the decline of PM_(2.5) may not necessarily decrease the health risks and the intrinsic toxicity of PM_(2.5).Variations of OP_(v) and OP_(m) among different periods were related to the different source contributions and environmental conditions.The positive matrix factorization model was used to identify the major sources of OP_(v).OP_(v) was mainly contributed by biomass burning/industrial emissions(29%),soil/road dust(20%),secondary sulfate(14%),and coal combustion(13%)in winter.Different major sources were resolved to be secondary sulfate(36%),biological sources(21%),and marine vessels(20%)in spring,presenting the substantial contribution of biological sources.The analysis shows strong associations between OP_(v) and both live and dead bacteria,further confirming the important contribution of bioaerosols to the enhancement of OP.This study highlights the importance of understanding OP in ambient PM_(2.5) in terms of public health impact and provides a new insight into the biological contribution to OP.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111360003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42465008 and 42105164)+2 种基金Yunnan Science and Technology Department Project(No.202501AT070239)Yunnan Science and Technology Department Youth Project(No.202401AU070202)Xianyang Rapid Response Decision Support Project for Ozone(No.YZ2024-ZB019).
文摘To curb the worsening tropospheric ozone(O_(3))pollution problem in China,a rapid and accurate identification of O_(3)-precursor sensitivity(OPS)is a crucial prerequisite for formulating effective contingency O_(3) pollution control strategies.However,currently widely-used methods,such as statistical models and numerical models,exhibit inherent limitations in identifying OPS in a timely and accurate manner.In this study,we developed a novel approach to identify OPS based on eXtreme Gradient Boosting model,Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)al-gorithm,and volatile organic compound(VOC)photochemical decay adjustment,using the meteorology and speciated pollutant monitoring data as the input.By comparing the difference in SHAP values between base sce-nario and precursor reduction scenario for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and VOCs,OPS was divided into NO_(x)-limited,VOCs-limited and transition regime.Using the long-lasting O_(3) pollution episode in the autumn of 2022 at the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)as an example,we demonstrated large spatiotemporal heterogeneities of OPS over the GBA,which were generally shifted from NO_(x)-limited to VOCs-limited from September to October and more inclined to be VOCs-limited at the central and NO_(x)-limited in the peripheral areas.This study developed an innovative OPS identification method by comparing the difference in SHAP value before and after precursor emission reduction.Our method enables the accurate identification of OPS in the time scale of seconds,thereby providing a state-of-the-art tool for the rapid guidance of spatial-specific O_(3) control strategies.
