This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in C...This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in Constantí(Tarra-gona,Catalonia).Through integrated analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans(PCDD/Fs)and metals across soil,vegetation,human tissues,and dietary matrices,the studies have shown:(1)PCDD/F concentrations decreased 75-96%in biological samples and dietary intake over 20 years,aligning with global emission reductions rather than HWI-4 operations;(2)metal trajectories showed arsenic intermittently exceeding carcinogenic thresholds in soils(1.1×10^(-4) risk index)and chromium accumulating in autopsy tissues(+16% in kidney),although without HWI-specific spatial gradi-ents;(3)systemic biomarkers revealed policy-driven declines—blood lead dropped 70% post-EU regulations,while mer-cury became undetectable in tissues post-2010.Health risk assessments confirmed that PCDD/F intake(0.122 pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day)remained still below WHO thresholds,with no attributable cancer risks for metals except legacy arsenic.The studies included in the program of surveillance show that PCDD/Fs and metals emissions by the HWI have meant a rather low contribution to population exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs compared to dietary and historical sources.How-ever,residual risks warrant attention.It mainly concerns chromium speciation and arsenic in soils,as well as the effects on vulnerable subpopulations and the synergistic effects among toxicants.Epidemiological studies are also required.展开更多
Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used...Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been doc...The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been documented.This study aims to answer the following questions:Will the typical soums in the SRB become more overgrazed in the future?What optimal strategy should be implemented?Multisource data were integrated and utilized to model the pastoral system of typical soums using a system dynamics approach.Future scenarios under three SSP-RCPs were projected using the model.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From upstream to downstream,rational scenarios for pastoral system transferred from SSP1-RCP2.6 to SSP2-RCP4.5,which reflect improved productivity at the expense of ecosystem stability.(2)Compared with that during the historical period of 2000-2020,the projected carrying capacity of the soums decreases by 15.2%-37.3%,whereas the number of livestock continues to increase.Consequently,the stocking rate is expected to increase from 0.32-1.16 during 2000-2020 to 1.26-2.02 during 2021-2050,indicating that rangeland will become more overloaded.(3)A livestock reduction strategy based on future livestock stock and grassland carrying capacity scenarios was proposed to maintain a dynamic forage-livestock equilibrium.It is suggested that reducing livestock is a practical option for harmonizing grassland conservation with livestock husbandry development.展开更多
The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large...The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.展开更多
Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy seas...Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy season), were performed on 16 physical and chemical parameters. The results show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.41 ± 0.4;moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 731.14 ± 611.98 μS·cm-1;moderately saline with an average rate of 1.56 ± 1.22. The average temperature of 28.07 ± 0.86°C is above the norm for all wells. All major ions are consistent with WHO standards except calcium and potassium. 41.67% of wells exceed the standard ammonium ion whose average was 1.43 ± 2.79 mg·L-1 nitrate and 100% with an average of 492.42 ± 434.02 mg·L-1. The ion concentrations are highest in the urban area and are higher in the dry season. The quality of the water sampled wells deteriorated. Several factors affect the degradation, namely the shallow wells, their proximity to toilet, the lack of sanitation and poor management of household waste. It will carry out a campaign to educate people to protect the immediate environment of the water points, avoiding the deposit of garbage and to provide the appropriate wells lids.展开更多
The Journal of Magnesium and Alloys(JMA)is actively dedicated to addressing crucial issues related to energy con-servation,emission reduction,energy crises,and sustainable development[1].Magnesium,recognized as the li...The Journal of Magnesium and Alloys(JMA)is actively dedicated to addressing crucial issues related to energy con-servation,emission reduction,energy crises,and sustainable development[1].Magnesium,recognized as the lightest com-mercial structural metal and a promising energy storage ma-terial,holds immense potential in contributing to strategic objectives such as achieving“carbon neutrality”and the“emission peak”,thus mitigating the ongoing energy cri-sis[2].JMA diligently reports on various research fronts,including magnesium-based structural materials,magnesium batteries,magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials,and magnesium-based superconducting super magnets[3].展开更多
Regulation of gonadal function by gonadotropic hormone (GtH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in Channa punctatus was significantly affected by nonlethal levels of Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. Under laboratory co...Regulation of gonadal function by gonadotropic hormone (GtH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in Channa punctatus was significantly affected by nonlethal levels of Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. Under laboratory conditions, the time-dependent decrease in serum GtH level was higher in Carbaryl-treated fish than in Metacid-50-treated fish. The situation was reversed in the field, with a higher inhibitory effect of Metacid-50 being recorded. On the other hand, pituitary GtH content and GnRH activity were inhibited to a greater extent by Metacid-50 than by Carbaryl under both field and laboratory conditions. The present findings highlight that even low doses of Metacid-50 and Carbaryl are effective enough to cause reproductive damage, as evidenced by homeostatic unbalance of the reproductive regulatory system. 1990 Academic Press. Inc.展开更多
Driving forces on the landscape require regional management and/or local actions, together with other external factors. To operationalize this approach, this paper carried out a comparative analysis of the naturalness...Driving forces on the landscape require regional management and/or local actions, together with other external factors. To operationalize this approach, this paper carried out a comparative analysis of the naturalness dynamics of the Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watershed, based on land use/cover changes and a structural indicator of the landscape, over the 10-year (2004-2014), as support opportunities for improving its environmental planning and management. Land use/cover dynamics were obtained based on screen digitizing of LandSat imagery, using polygon manual digitalization. Naturalness scenarios of the watersheds, over the 10-year (2004-2014), were obtained based on Urbanity Indicator, which evaluates how much the natural landscapes are dominated by altered systems. The total area of watersheds showed a predominantly scenario, induced by anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural expansion areas, mainly by conversion of other land use/cover types in sugarcane cultivation. Despite the increase in natural vegetation areas, over the 10-year (2004-2014), Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watersheds are far from a sustainable condition. However Jacaré-Guaçu watershed presents a scenario of more committed naturalness due to the increase in Urbanity Index values ≥ 0.7. The historical process of land use occupation for agricultural production remains the main driving force of naturalness changes, occupying more than 70% of the total area of watersheds. These results have significant implications for fast urbanizing municipalities in providing key information about long term land use impact on the watershed structure and function, making it possible for policy makers, scientists and stakeholders to identify land uses which are hindered or enhanced under various scenarios of land use change over the time, and making it possible to explore the trade-offs between them to improve watershed management.展开更多
Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recen...Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.展开更多
Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere couplin...Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere coupling and the individual roles of each factor, but the synergistic effect of the two factors remains unclear. This study considers the covariation of evapotranspiration and precipitation to assess evapotranspiration–precipitation(ET–P) coupling across northern China,exploring its spatial variations and their linkage to water and heat factors. Our findings reveal a transition from strongly positive coupling in the northwest to weakly negative coupling in the southeast, peaking in spring. These spatial variations are attributable to water(soil moisture) and heat(air temperature), which explain 39% and 25% of the variability,respectively. The aridity index(AI), a water–heat synergy factor, is the dominant factor, explaining 66% of the spatial variation in ET–P coupling. As the AI increases, ET–P coupling shifts from strongly positive to weakly negative, with an AI around 0.7. This shift is determined by a shift in the evapotranspiration–lifting condensation level(LCL) coupling under an AI change. Regions with an AI below 0.7 experience water-limited evapotranspiration, where increased soil moisture enhances evapotranspiration, reduces sensible heat(H), and lowers the LCL, resulting in a negative ET–LCL coupling.Conversely, regions with an AI above 0.7 experience energy-limited evapotranspiration, where the positive ET–LCL coupling reflects a positive H–LCL coupling or a positive impact of the LCL on evapotranspiration. This analysis advances our understanding of the intricate influences of multifactor surface interactions on the spatial variations of land–atmosphere coupling.展开更多
In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant ...In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant statistical fluctuations.These issues can lead to potential failures in peak-searching-based identification methods.To address the low precision associated with short-duration measurements of radionuclides,this paper proposes an identification algorithm that leverages heterogeneous spectral transfer to develop a low-count energy spectral identification model.Comparative experiments demonstrated that transferring samples from 26 classes of simulated heterogeneous gamma spectra aids in creating a reliable model for measured gamma spectra.With only 10%of target domain samples used for training,the accuracy on real low-count spectral samples was 95.56%.This performance shows a significant improvement over widely employed full-spectrum analysis methods trained on target domain samples.The proposed method also exhibits strong generalization capabilities,effectively mitigating overfitting issues in low-count energy spectral classification under short-duration measurements.展开更多
Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vit...Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vital,particularly in indigenous contexts.This study explores the spatial agency approach within tactical urbanism,emphasizing low-technology techniques,indigenous knowledge,and decentralized design as active elements in transforming public spaces.It aims to review recent trends and alternative tactical strategies in indigenous settings while identifying the attributes and mechanisms that contribute to the creation of sustainable public spaces through spatial agency.Employing an interpretive qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,the research focuses on the Open-Air Lab in Dakar,Senegal(Codesign Lab,Paolo Cascone).This project,a small-scale public infrastructure initiative born from participatory design,exemplifies a hybrid model that combines traditional craftsmanship,low-tech digital fabrication,and environmentally conscious solutions.The findings indicate that framing spatial agency as an actor-network process brings marginalized actors and practices to the forefront,fostering empowerment,social synergy,and climate-responsive design.The study advocates for a shift in tactical urban design from ephemeral placemaking toward long-term,adaptive strategies grounded in local materiality,community engagement,knowledge systems,and decentralized networks.These insights reshape the understanding of urban adaptability and provide practical guidance for architects and planners aiming to create inclusive,climate-resilient public spaces in indigenous and Global South contexts.展开更多
The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study ...The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).展开更多
The rapid emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT),immersive technologies,and spatial devices is transforming architecture by changing the built environment from a passive backdrop to an active participant in user act...The rapid emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT),immersive technologies,and spatial devices is transforming architecture by changing the built environment from a passive backdrop to an active participant in user activities.This shift creates complex sociotechnical networks and leads to what we call intelligent places adaptive systems that respond to user behavior,environmental signals,and interactions with architectural components.This study investigates how advanced material foundations and embedded technological objects shape human-building interactions and drive adaptive behaviors in intelligent place systems.We test the hypothesis that integrating virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR),and spatial sensors within smart materials creates continuous real-time feedback loops.These loops are expected to enhance user engagement,spatial adaptability,and environmental responsiveness.Employing a qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,augmented by AI-assisted image analysis,we explore recent trends in smart building design through two projects:the Spatially Intelligent Arts Centre in Geelong,Australia,and the iPortals network of interactive spatial components.The findings indicate that intelligent places are open,dynamic,and continually evolving systems.Technological objects mediate multiloop feedback among users,materials,and building automation,enabling more autonomous,energy-efficient,and responsive environments.This study contributes a conceptual framework for understanding how technological objects and their material Foundations mediate human-building interactions in intelligent places.Future research should consider scalability across different architectural contexts and explore the sociocultural impacts on diverse user groups.展开更多
Oasis soils in Tunisia are characterized by low soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks,primarily due to their coarse texture and intensive irrigation practices.In the Gataaya Oasis,soils receive 3.000 to 4.000 L/m^(2) annuall...Oasis soils in Tunisia are characterized by low soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks,primarily due to their coarse texture and intensive irrigation practices.In the Gataaya Oasis,soils receive 3.000 to 4.000 L/m^(2) annually through submersion irrigation,leading to a rapid decline in SOC stocks.Despite their sandy texture,which promotes good water infiltration,these soils are enriched with clay,dissolved materials,and fertilizers in deeper horizons.This study aimed to assess SOC content in the Gataaya Oasis soils,investigate the transport of labile carbon in drainage water,and clarify the destiny of this transported carbon.Soil samples were collected systematically at three depths(0–10,10–20,and 20–30 cm),focusing on the top 30 cm depth,which is most affected by amendments.Two sampling points(P1 and P2)were selected,i.e.,P1 profile near the trunk of date palms(with manure input)and P2 profile between two adjacent date palms(without manure input).Water samples were collected from drainage systems within the oasis(W1,W2,and W3)and outside the oasis(W4).A laboratory experiment simulating manure application and irrigation was conducted to complement field observations.Physical-chemical analyses revealed a significant decrease in SOC stocks with soil depths.In P1 profile,SOC stocks declined from 17.71 t/hm^(2) at the 0–10 cm depth to 7.80 t/hm^(2) at the 20–30 cm depth.In P2 profile,SOC stocks were lower,decreasing from 6.73 t/hm^(2) at the 0–10 cm depth to 3.57 t/hm^(2) at the 20–30 cm depth.Labile carbon content in drainage water increased outside the oasis,with chemical oxygen demand(COD)values rising from 73 mg/L in W1 water sample to 290 mg/L in W4 water sample,indicating cumulative leaching effects from surrounding oases.The laboratory experiment confirmed field observations,showing a decline in soil organic matter(SOM)content from 3.27%to 2.62%after 12 irrigations,highlighting the vulnerability of SOC stocks to intensive irrigation.This study underscores the low SOC stocks in the Gataaya Oasis soils and their rapid depletion under successive irrigations.The findings provide insights into the dynamics of labile carbon transport and its contribution to regional carbon cycling,offering valuable information for sustainable soil management and ecological protection in arid ecosystems.展开更多
Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Stu...Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Studying wind dynamics in this area provides insights into the conditions and processes driving desertification,including sand erosion,transport,and deposition.This study focuses on the dune sands in eastern Morocco,analyzing their granulometric properties to better understand transport mechanisms and wind dynamics in the region.Granulometric analysis was performed on various sand deposits to investigate aeolian transformations in the area.The results show that the sand deposits in the eastern region consist primarily of a well-sorted dominant granulometric fraction,along with a minor fraction.The sand grains range in size from very fine to medium(150 to 218.8μm)and are classified as having good to fairly good sorting(36 to 114.2μm).The grain size symmetry varies from weak to strong,with a range of−0.34 to 0,indicating a tendency toward either finer or coarser grains.The grain size distribution varies,ranging from platykurtic to very leptokurtic(0.7 to 2.15).The deposits display a unimodal distribution with a minor tail on both sides of the dominant mode,suggesting significant wind deflation.Five particle size classes were identified,reflecting the sands’evolution under wind dynamics.展开更多
Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with th...Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with their physical properties,external conditions,and degradation.Meanwhile,due to the limitation of testing resources,epistemic uncertainties stemming from the small samples are present in TPS reliability modeling.However,current TPS reliability modeling methods face challenges in characterizing the relationships among reliability and physical properties,external conditions,degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.Therefore,under the framework of belief reliability theory,a TPS reliability model is constructed,which takes into account the physical principle,external conditions,performance degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.A reliability simulation algorithm is proposed to calculate TPS reliability.Through a case study and comparison analysis,the proposed method is validated as more effective than the existing method.Additionally,reliability sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the sensitive factors of reliability under the condition of small samples,through which suggestions are provided for TPS functional design and improvement.展开更多
Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)have enormous potential for future applications in electric vehi-cles,portable/wearable electronic gadgets,etc.However,to accelerate ZHSC technology towards market applications,it...Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)have enormous potential for future applications in electric vehi-cles,portable/wearable electronic gadgets,etc.However,to accelerate ZHSC technology towards market applications,it is necessary to overcome research challenges such as Zn dendrites,low Zn utilization,and all-climate adaptability,as well as to streamline the device assembly process.In this study,we propose a new strategy for the facile construction of ZHSC via two porous carbon fabrics and a Zn plating solution.The cathode and current collector of the device are both porous graphitized carbon fabric(PGCF)pre-pared by high-temperature activation of K2 FeO_(4),and the Li_(2)ZnCl_(4)·9H_(2)O electrolyte is verified to possess excellent Zn plating/stripping efficiency and inhibition of Zn dendrite growth in a Zn-Zn symmetric cell model.As a result,the assembled ZHSC has the maximum energy density of 2.02 mWh cm^(−2)and the highest power density of 11.47 mW cm^(−2),and it can operate for 30,000 cycles without capacity degrada-tion.Furthermore,the destruction of the hydrogen bonding network by the high concentration of Cl−at low temperatures endows it with low freezing point properties and excellent ionic activity at low tem-peratures.The device also operated reliably at-60℃,with a maximum areal capacity of 1.15 mAh cm^(−2).This research offers new findings and insights for the development of high-performance ultra-cryogenic ZHSC devices.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its ...Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.展开更多
A total of fifty (50) samples of water from Lake Fitri (Chad), with 25 samples per island (Domoro and Maguite). The aim of this study was to analyze the bacteriological, biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the...A total of fifty (50) samples of water from Lake Fitri (Chad), with 25 samples per island (Domoro and Maguite). The aim of this study was to analyze the bacteriological, biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the water in Lake Fitri in Chad. Standard microbiology methods were used. Isolated strains of enterobacteria were characterized by API 20E and API Staph galleries and confirmed by API Web. Antibiotic resistance was performed according to the recommendations of the antibiogram committee (CA-SFM, 2019). Physico-chemical analysis of the water was carried out by (Rodier, 2009). The microbiological results revealed an abundance on the Domoro islands (5.37.106 ± 1.5.105 and 1.97.105 ± 4.94.104), successively for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli) and on the Maguite Islands (4.71.106 ± 7.14.105 and 2.32.105 ± 2.86.104), alternately for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli). The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests using the API 20E and API Staph galleries and their proposed numerical profile analyzed using Api software and confirmed by Api Web confirmed the contamination of the waters of Lake Fitri by pathogenic strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. The results of the antibiogram carried out show the emergence of certain resistances to Tobramycin, Flucytosine and Teicoplanin. The average levels of BOD5, COD, SS, Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2) for Domoro Island were 32.14 ± 2.37 mg/L, 423.86 ± 4.78 mg/L, 65.42 ± 2.27 mg/L, 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L and 3.32 ± 1.48 mg/L respectively. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri must therefore be rigorously treated before consumption.展开更多
文摘This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in Constantí(Tarra-gona,Catalonia).Through integrated analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans(PCDD/Fs)and metals across soil,vegetation,human tissues,and dietary matrices,the studies have shown:(1)PCDD/F concentrations decreased 75-96%in biological samples and dietary intake over 20 years,aligning with global emission reductions rather than HWI-4 operations;(2)metal trajectories showed arsenic intermittently exceeding carcinogenic thresholds in soils(1.1×10^(-4) risk index)and chromium accumulating in autopsy tissues(+16% in kidney),although without HWI-specific spatial gradi-ents;(3)systemic biomarkers revealed policy-driven declines—blood lead dropped 70% post-EU regulations,while mer-cury became undetectable in tissues post-2010.Health risk assessments confirmed that PCDD/F intake(0.122 pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day)remained still below WHO thresholds,with no attributable cancer risks for metals except legacy arsenic.The studies included in the program of surveillance show that PCDD/Fs and metals emissions by the HWI have meant a rather low contribution to population exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs compared to dietary and historical sources.How-ever,residual risks warrant attention.It mainly concerns chromium speciation and arsenic in soils,as well as the effects on vulnerable subpopulations and the synergistic effects among toxicants.Epidemiological studies are also required.
文摘Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32161143025,No.42371283,No.W2412155National Key R&D Program of China,No.2022YFE0119200。
文摘The Selenge River Basin(SRB)in Mongolia has faced ecosystem degradation because of climate change and overloading.The dynamics of the pastoral system and the extent of overload under future scenarios have not been documented.This study aims to answer the following questions:Will the typical soums in the SRB become more overgrazed in the future?What optimal strategy should be implemented?Multisource data were integrated and utilized to model the pastoral system of typical soums using a system dynamics approach.Future scenarios under three SSP-RCPs were projected using the model.The conclusions are as follows:(1)From upstream to downstream,rational scenarios for pastoral system transferred from SSP1-RCP2.6 to SSP2-RCP4.5,which reflect improved productivity at the expense of ecosystem stability.(2)Compared with that during the historical period of 2000-2020,the projected carrying capacity of the soums decreases by 15.2%-37.3%,whereas the number of livestock continues to increase.Consequently,the stocking rate is expected to increase from 0.32-1.16 during 2000-2020 to 1.26-2.02 during 2021-2050,indicating that rangeland will become more overloaded.(3)A livestock reduction strategy based on future livestock stock and grassland carrying capacity scenarios was proposed to maintain a dynamic forage-livestock equilibrium.It is suggested that reducing livestock is a practical option for harmonizing grassland conservation with livestock husbandry development.
基金supported by the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2012ZD51043)‘‘Fanzhou’’ Youth Scientifc Funds(No.20100504)
文摘The structure and characteristics of a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are introduced.Due to the diffculties of control methods and the easily damaged characteristics,control systems for the large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin are diffcult to be controlled quickly and accurately with a classical PID algorithm.Considering the dynamic state characteristics of the environmental simulation test chamber,a lumped parameter model of the control system is established to accurately control the multiple parameters of the environmental chamber and a fuzzy control algorithm combined with expert-PID decision is introduced into the temperature,pressure,and rotation speed control systems.Both simulations and experimental results have shown that compared with classical PID control,this fuzzy-expert control method can decrease overshoot as well as enhance the capacity of anti-dynamic disturbance with robustness.It can also resolve the contradiction between rapidity and small overshoot,and is suitable for application in a large multi-parameter environmental simulation cabin control system.
文摘Water supply is a global problem. A study was conducted on twelve (12) traditional wells water in Daba Dagnogo and Gnipi 2 to determine their physico-chemical quality. Two sampling campaigns (dry season and rainy season), were performed on 16 physical and chemical parameters. The results show that the water is acidic with an average pH of 6.41 ± 0.4;moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 731.14 ± 611.98 μS·cm-1;moderately saline with an average rate of 1.56 ± 1.22. The average temperature of 28.07 ± 0.86°C is above the norm for all wells. All major ions are consistent with WHO standards except calcium and potassium. 41.67% of wells exceed the standard ammonium ion whose average was 1.43 ± 2.79 mg·L-1 nitrate and 100% with an average of 492.42 ± 434.02 mg·L-1. The ion concentrations are highest in the urban area and are higher in the dry season. The quality of the water sampled wells deteriorated. Several factors affect the degradation, namely the shallow wells, their proximity to toilet, the lack of sanitation and poor management of household waste. It will carry out a campaign to educate people to protect the immediate environment of the water points, avoiding the deposit of garbage and to provide the appropriate wells lids.
文摘The Journal of Magnesium and Alloys(JMA)is actively dedicated to addressing crucial issues related to energy con-servation,emission reduction,energy crises,and sustainable development[1].Magnesium,recognized as the lightest com-mercial structural metal and a promising energy storage ma-terial,holds immense potential in contributing to strategic objectives such as achieving“carbon neutrality”and the“emission peak”,thus mitigating the ongoing energy cri-sis[2].JMA diligently reports on various research fronts,including magnesium-based structural materials,magnesium batteries,magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials,and magnesium-based superconducting super magnets[3].
文摘Regulation of gonadal function by gonadotropic hormone (GtH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in Channa punctatus was significantly affected by nonlethal levels of Metacid-50 and Carbaryl. Under laboratory conditions, the time-dependent decrease in serum GtH level was higher in Carbaryl-treated fish than in Metacid-50-treated fish. The situation was reversed in the field, with a higher inhibitory effect of Metacid-50 being recorded. On the other hand, pituitary GtH content and GnRH activity were inhibited to a greater extent by Metacid-50 than by Carbaryl under both field and laboratory conditions. The present findings highlight that even low doses of Metacid-50 and Carbaryl are effective enough to cause reproductive damage, as evidenced by homeostatic unbalance of the reproductive regulatory system. 1990 Academic Press. Inc.
基金Financial support was provided by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)the Sao Paulo Research Foundation(FAPESP).
文摘Driving forces on the landscape require regional management and/or local actions, together with other external factors. To operationalize this approach, this paper carried out a comparative analysis of the naturalness dynamics of the Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watershed, based on land use/cover changes and a structural indicator of the landscape, over the 10-year (2004-2014), as support opportunities for improving its environmental planning and management. Land use/cover dynamics were obtained based on screen digitizing of LandSat imagery, using polygon manual digitalization. Naturalness scenarios of the watersheds, over the 10-year (2004-2014), were obtained based on Urbanity Indicator, which evaluates how much the natural landscapes are dominated by altered systems. The total area of watersheds showed a predominantly scenario, induced by anthropogenic agricultural and non-agricultural expansion areas, mainly by conversion of other land use/cover types in sugarcane cultivation. Despite the increase in natural vegetation areas, over the 10-year (2004-2014), Jacaré-Guaçu and Jacaré-Pepira watersheds are far from a sustainable condition. However Jacaré-Guaçu watershed presents a scenario of more committed naturalness due to the increase in Urbanity Index values ≥ 0.7. The historical process of land use occupation for agricultural production remains the main driving force of naturalness changes, occupying more than 70% of the total area of watersheds. These results have significant implications for fast urbanizing municipalities in providing key information about long term land use impact on the watershed structure and function, making it possible for policy makers, scientists and stakeholders to identify land uses which are hindered or enhanced under various scenarios of land use change over the time, and making it possible to explore the trade-offs between them to improve watershed management.
文摘Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.
基金jointly supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42230611)the Meteorological Joint Fund (Grant No.U2142208)+2 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research (STEP) program (grant no.2019QZKK0102)the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42005071)the Gansu Province Key Talent Project (Grant No.2023RCXM37)。
文摘Northern China is a prominent “hotspot” for land–atmosphere interactions, with substantial gradients in both moisture and thermal conditions. Previous studies have identified a link between land–atmosphere coupling and the individual roles of each factor, but the synergistic effect of the two factors remains unclear. This study considers the covariation of evapotranspiration and precipitation to assess evapotranspiration–precipitation(ET–P) coupling across northern China,exploring its spatial variations and their linkage to water and heat factors. Our findings reveal a transition from strongly positive coupling in the northwest to weakly negative coupling in the southeast, peaking in spring. These spatial variations are attributable to water(soil moisture) and heat(air temperature), which explain 39% and 25% of the variability,respectively. The aridity index(AI), a water–heat synergy factor, is the dominant factor, explaining 66% of the spatial variation in ET–P coupling. As the AI increases, ET–P coupling shifts from strongly positive to weakly negative, with an AI around 0.7. This shift is determined by a shift in the evapotranspiration–lifting condensation level(LCL) coupling under an AI change. Regions with an AI below 0.7 experience water-limited evapotranspiration, where increased soil moisture enhances evapotranspiration, reduces sensible heat(H), and lowers the LCL, resulting in a negative ET–LCL coupling.Conversely, regions with an AI above 0.7 experience energy-limited evapotranspiration, where the positive ET–LCL coupling reflects a positive H–LCL coupling or a positive impact of the LCL on evapotranspiration. This analysis advances our understanding of the intricate influences of multifactor surface interactions on the spatial variations of land–atmosphere coupling.
基金supported by the National Defense Fundamental Research Project(No.JCKY2022404C005)the Nuclear Energy Development Project(No.23ZG6106)+1 种基金the Sichuan Scientific and Technological Achievements Transfer and Transformation Demonstration Project(No.2023ZHCG0026)the Mianyang Applied Technology Research and Development Project(No.2021ZYZF1005)。
文摘In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant statistical fluctuations.These issues can lead to potential failures in peak-searching-based identification methods.To address the low precision associated with short-duration measurements of radionuclides,this paper proposes an identification algorithm that leverages heterogeneous spectral transfer to develop a low-count energy spectral identification model.Comparative experiments demonstrated that transferring samples from 26 classes of simulated heterogeneous gamma spectra aids in creating a reliable model for measured gamma spectra.With only 10%of target domain samples used for training,the accuracy on real low-count spectral samples was 95.56%.This performance shows a significant improvement over widely employed full-spectrum analysis methods trained on target domain samples.The proposed method also exhibits strong generalization capabilities,effectively mitigating overfitting issues in low-count energy spectral classification under short-duration measurements.
文摘Climate crises necessitate adaptive,cost-effective,and community-driven strategies to enhance urban resilience.Tactical urban design,which includes temporary and experimental interventions,is becoming increasingly vital,particularly in indigenous contexts.This study explores the spatial agency approach within tactical urbanism,emphasizing low-technology techniques,indigenous knowledge,and decentralized design as active elements in transforming public spaces.It aims to review recent trends and alternative tactical strategies in indigenous settings while identifying the attributes and mechanisms that contribute to the creation of sustainable public spaces through spatial agency.Employing an interpretive qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,the research focuses on the Open-Air Lab in Dakar,Senegal(Codesign Lab,Paolo Cascone).This project,a small-scale public infrastructure initiative born from participatory design,exemplifies a hybrid model that combines traditional craftsmanship,low-tech digital fabrication,and environmentally conscious solutions.The findings indicate that framing spatial agency as an actor-network process brings marginalized actors and practices to the forefront,fostering empowerment,social synergy,and climate-responsive design.The study advocates for a shift in tactical urban design from ephemeral placemaking toward long-term,adaptive strategies grounded in local materiality,community engagement,knowledge systems,and decentralized networks.These insights reshape the understanding of urban adaptability and provide practical guidance for architects and planners aiming to create inclusive,climate-resilient public spaces in indigenous and Global South contexts.
基金supported by the Académie Hassan Ⅱ des Sciences et Techniques(Rabat,Morocco)as part of the AP-2018 project.
文摘The aim of this article is to study and reveal the mineralogical composition of dune sands from the Bouarfa Figuiget region(eastern Morocco)and to find the potential source of these dune sands.The mineralogical study was made by combining field studies to collect samples and determine the facies of the surrounding area with labortory studies,including geochemical analysis(DRX analysis),morphoscopic study of the sands under a binocular magnifying glass according to the fractions making up these sands,heavy mineral extraction and analysis under a microscope,and calcimetric analysis.The results revealed two main categories of minerals in sandy deposits:light and heavy minerals.These include quartz,plagioclase feldspar,calcite platelets,and fragments of greyish,greenish,and whitish rock.Quartz was the dominant mineral.Heavy minerals include dark(opaque)minerals such as garnet,tourmaline,epidote,zircon,rutile,and rock fragments.This composition is the result of erosion,transport,and deposition processes in the crystalline sandstone and sedimentary formations of the eastern High Atlas,which feed the study area via aeolian pathways,including winds from ERG CHBI.The quartz grains in the dune sands of the eastern region,accumulated by wind action,are mainly round,matte grains of aeolian origin.The mineral associations observed show the presence of two types of sandy deposits:(1)Sand dominated by matte,round quartz grains(fraction 225μm),associated with accessory minerals(garnet,tourmaline,zircon,rutile,kyanite,and epidote),oxides(magnetite and ilmenite),and rock fragments of mixed mineral,crystalline,and sedimentary origin.(2)Totally dominant matte round quartz sand associated with iron oxides and a few rock fragments(fractions 142μm,180μm and 357μm).Sand with fraction 225μm consists almost entirely of quartz(8%)with garnets and a few rock fragments.These results suggest that the variation in the composition of the dune sands in the study area depends on the nature of the granulometric fraction studied,and therefore on the variety of sources feeding the sands studied(Chott Tigri,crystalline and sedimentary formations of the Eastern High Atlas).
文摘The rapid emergence of the Internet of Things(IoT),immersive technologies,and spatial devices is transforming architecture by changing the built environment from a passive backdrop to an active participant in user activities.This shift creates complex sociotechnical networks and leads to what we call intelligent places adaptive systems that respond to user behavior,environmental signals,and interactions with architectural components.This study investigates how advanced material foundations and embedded technological objects shape human-building interactions and drive adaptive behaviors in intelligent place systems.We test the hypothesis that integrating virtual reality(VR),augmented reality(AR),and spatial sensors within smart materials creates continuous real-time feedback loops.These loops are expected to enhance user engagement,spatial adaptability,and environmental responsiveness.Employing a qualitative methodology that includes case studies and content analysis,augmented by AI-assisted image analysis,we explore recent trends in smart building design through two projects:the Spatially Intelligent Arts Centre in Geelong,Australia,and the iPortals network of interactive spatial components.The findings indicate that intelligent places are open,dynamic,and continually evolving systems.Technological objects mediate multiloop feedback among users,materials,and building automation,enabling more autonomous,energy-efficient,and responsive environments.This study contributes a conceptual framework for understanding how technological objects and their material Foundations mediate human-building interactions in intelligent places.Future research should consider scalability across different architectural contexts and explore the sociocultural impacts on diverse user groups.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Tunisia.
文摘Oasis soils in Tunisia are characterized by low soil organic carbon(SOC)stocks,primarily due to their coarse texture and intensive irrigation practices.In the Gataaya Oasis,soils receive 3.000 to 4.000 L/m^(2) annually through submersion irrigation,leading to a rapid decline in SOC stocks.Despite their sandy texture,which promotes good water infiltration,these soils are enriched with clay,dissolved materials,and fertilizers in deeper horizons.This study aimed to assess SOC content in the Gataaya Oasis soils,investigate the transport of labile carbon in drainage water,and clarify the destiny of this transported carbon.Soil samples were collected systematically at three depths(0–10,10–20,and 20–30 cm),focusing on the top 30 cm depth,which is most affected by amendments.Two sampling points(P1 and P2)were selected,i.e.,P1 profile near the trunk of date palms(with manure input)and P2 profile between two adjacent date palms(without manure input).Water samples were collected from drainage systems within the oasis(W1,W2,and W3)and outside the oasis(W4).A laboratory experiment simulating manure application and irrigation was conducted to complement field observations.Physical-chemical analyses revealed a significant decrease in SOC stocks with soil depths.In P1 profile,SOC stocks declined from 17.71 t/hm^(2) at the 0–10 cm depth to 7.80 t/hm^(2) at the 20–30 cm depth.In P2 profile,SOC stocks were lower,decreasing from 6.73 t/hm^(2) at the 0–10 cm depth to 3.57 t/hm^(2) at the 20–30 cm depth.Labile carbon content in drainage water increased outside the oasis,with chemical oxygen demand(COD)values rising from 73 mg/L in W1 water sample to 290 mg/L in W4 water sample,indicating cumulative leaching effects from surrounding oases.The laboratory experiment confirmed field observations,showing a decline in soil organic matter(SOM)content from 3.27%to 2.62%after 12 irrigations,highlighting the vulnerability of SOC stocks to intensive irrigation.This study underscores the low SOC stocks in the Gataaya Oasis soils and their rapid depletion under successive irrigations.The findings provide insights into the dynamics of labile carbon transport and its contribution to regional carbon cycling,offering valuable information for sustainable soil management and ecological protection in arid ecosystems.
基金supported by the Académie Hassan Ⅱ des Sciences et Techniques(Rabat,Morocco)as part of the AP-2018 project.
文摘Morocco,like many arid countries,is facing desertification,particularly in its southern and southeastern regions.A clear indication of this process is the movement of sand dunes in the southern part of the country.Studying wind dynamics in this area provides insights into the conditions and processes driving desertification,including sand erosion,transport,and deposition.This study focuses on the dune sands in eastern Morocco,analyzing their granulometric properties to better understand transport mechanisms and wind dynamics in the region.Granulometric analysis was performed on various sand deposits to investigate aeolian transformations in the area.The results show that the sand deposits in the eastern region consist primarily of a well-sorted dominant granulometric fraction,along with a minor fraction.The sand grains range in size from very fine to medium(150 to 218.8μm)and are classified as having good to fairly good sorting(36 to 114.2μm).The grain size symmetry varies from weak to strong,with a range of−0.34 to 0,indicating a tendency toward either finer or coarser grains.The grain size distribution varies,ranging from platykurtic to very leptokurtic(0.7 to 2.15).The deposits display a unimodal distribution with a minor tail on both sides of the dominant mode,suggesting significant wind deflation.Five particle size classes were identified,reflecting the sands’evolution under wind dynamics.
基金supported by the steady supports scientific research of Key Laboratory of Defense Science and Technology,China(No.WDZC20220105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775020,62073009,U20B2002)the Science Challenge Project,China(No.TZ2018007)。
文摘Thermal Protection System(TPS)with thick tiles,low thermal conductivity,and a short re-entry stage stands as a critical element within reusable aircraft,whose reliability is related to the function and changes with their physical properties,external conditions,and degradation.Meanwhile,due to the limitation of testing resources,epistemic uncertainties stemming from the small samples are present in TPS reliability modeling.However,current TPS reliability modeling methods face challenges in characterizing the relationships among reliability and physical properties,external conditions,degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.Therefore,under the framework of belief reliability theory,a TPS reliability model is constructed,which takes into account the physical principle,external conditions,performance degradation,and epistemic uncertainties.A reliability simulation algorithm is proposed to calculate TPS reliability.Through a case study and comparison analysis,the proposed method is validated as more effective than the existing method.Additionally,reliability sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the sensitive factors of reliability under the condition of small samples,through which suggestions are provided for TPS functional design and improvement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.51902041).
文摘Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)have enormous potential for future applications in electric vehi-cles,portable/wearable electronic gadgets,etc.However,to accelerate ZHSC technology towards market applications,it is necessary to overcome research challenges such as Zn dendrites,low Zn utilization,and all-climate adaptability,as well as to streamline the device assembly process.In this study,we propose a new strategy for the facile construction of ZHSC via two porous carbon fabrics and a Zn plating solution.The cathode and current collector of the device are both porous graphitized carbon fabric(PGCF)pre-pared by high-temperature activation of K2 FeO_(4),and the Li_(2)ZnCl_(4)·9H_(2)O electrolyte is verified to possess excellent Zn plating/stripping efficiency and inhibition of Zn dendrite growth in a Zn-Zn symmetric cell model.As a result,the assembled ZHSC has the maximum energy density of 2.02 mWh cm^(−2)and the highest power density of 11.47 mW cm^(−2),and it can operate for 30,000 cycles without capacity degrada-tion.Furthermore,the destruction of the hydrogen bonding network by the high concentration of Cl−at low temperatures endows it with low freezing point properties and excellent ionic activity at low tem-peratures.The device also operated reliably at-60℃,with a maximum areal capacity of 1.15 mAh cm^(−2).This research offers new findings and insights for the development of high-performance ultra-cryogenic ZHSC devices.
文摘Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) widespread in sub-Saharan Africa and mostly affects school going children. Côte d’Ivoire is one of the most vulnerable countries to schistosomiasis, and its prevalence varies by region. This cross-sectional survey was conducted in schools in the Upper Sassandra region to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of school children regarding schistosomiasis. In total, 354 students participated in the survey. Our results showed that, compared to the girls, the boys had a higher level of knowledge about schistosomiasis OR = 1.605 and p = 0.05. Regarding the signs, symptoms, and modes of transmission and prevention of schistosomiasis, the participants reported a low level of knowledge p > 0.05 and OR 1. In conclusion, it is important to target health messages in schools to reach the most vulnerable students effectively. This initiative aims to provide children with basic knowledge and skills in the transmission of schistosomiasis.
文摘A total of fifty (50) samples of water from Lake Fitri (Chad), with 25 samples per island (Domoro and Maguite). The aim of this study was to analyze the bacteriological, biochemical and physico-chemical quality of the water in Lake Fitri in Chad. Standard microbiology methods were used. Isolated strains of enterobacteria were characterized by API 20E and API Staph galleries and confirmed by API Web. Antibiotic resistance was performed according to the recommendations of the antibiogram committee (CA-SFM, 2019). Physico-chemical analysis of the water was carried out by (Rodier, 2009). The microbiological results revealed an abundance on the Domoro islands (5.37.106 ± 1.5.105 and 1.97.105 ± 4.94.104), successively for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli) and on the Maguite Islands (4.71.106 ± 7.14.105 and 2.32.105 ± 2.86.104), alternately for total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT), and thermotolerant coliform (E. coli). The results obtained after incubation of the biochemical tests using the API 20E and API Staph galleries and their proposed numerical profile analyzed using Api software and confirmed by Api Web confirmed the contamination of the waters of Lake Fitri by pathogenic strains of E. coli, Staphylococcus and Salmonella spp. The results of the antibiogram carried out show the emergence of certain resistances to Tobramycin, Flucytosine and Teicoplanin. The average levels of BOD5, COD, SS, Nitrate (NO3) and Nitrite (NO2) for Domoro Island were 32.14 ± 2.37 mg/L, 423.86 ± 4.78 mg/L, 65.42 ± 2.27 mg/L, 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/L and 3.32 ± 1.48 mg/L respectively. The water from the islands of Lake Fitri must therefore be rigorously treated before consumption.
