INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chem...INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).展开更多
The“Double First-Class”construction focuses on the development of disciplinary connotations and the improvement of talent cultivation quality,posing higher demands on the teaching mode and talent supply of public he...The“Double First-Class”construction focuses on the development of disciplinary connotations and the improvement of talent cultivation quality,posing higher demands on the teaching mode and talent supply of public health and preventive medicine disciplines.Environmental health,as a core course in public health and preventive medicine,directly relates to the cultivation of effective composite public health talents.Based on the core orientation of the“Double First-Class”construction and combining the talent cultivation and course characteristics of environmental health,this paper explores the significance of teaching reform and talent cultivation in environmental health from the perspective of“Double First-Class”construction.It also investigates the paths for teaching reform and talent cultivation from multiple dimensions,aiming to provide references for cultivating high-quality professionals who meet the needs of national public health development and ecological environmental protection.展开更多
In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramati...In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.展开更多
Emerging epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that ambient air pollution,such as particulate matter(PM),is associated with increased cardio-respiratory mortality and morbidity.1'2 Air pollution has been recog...Emerging epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that ambient air pollution,such as particulate matter(PM),is associated with increased cardio-respiratory mortality and morbidity.1'2 Air pollution has been recognized as the single biggest environmental risk factor for attributable burden of noncommunicable diseases(NCDs),3 which has provided strong rationale for actions reducing population exposure to air pollutants in particular countries or regions even on a global scale.The air quality in high-income countries has substantially improved over the past decades,while it has generally deteriorated in most low-and middle-income countries(LMICs;determined by the World Bank and based on gross national income per capita),under the settings of global urbanization and economic development.4 In addition,there has been rapid growth in prevalence of NCDs worldwide due to ageing and lifestyle changes,and NCDs are now the most common causes of death and disability globally.5 Thus,to synthesize and provide up-to-date evidence on health impact of air pollution,World Health Organization(WHO)has released the latest edition of global air quality guidelines-WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines(hereafter referred to as uAQGs(2021on September 22,2021,6 which has significant implications to future actions on air pollution control and disease management under the context of climate change and global health promotion.展开更多
Introduction: Environmental health is a rapidly evolving field, and professionals working in this field have to deal with increasingly complex environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, their skill develo...Introduction: Environmental health is a rapidly evolving field, and professionals working in this field have to deal with increasingly complex environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, their skill development is a key component in ascertaining their abilities to match work requirements to the satisfaction of their employers. Training and education of these professionals requires involvement of the relevant stakeholders to apt their technical skills in preparation of the role to be undertaken. Thus, the universities and other institutions of higher learning, in their efforts to improve graduate output should understand the labor market. Additionally, due to constant transformation and reorganization of strategies and plans by practitioner organizations, employers’ perspective in assessing graduates’ abilities and performance is necessary. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the employers’ perspectives on the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design involving employers and graduates of environmental health program of Moi University using mixed methods was carried out. Pretested semi structured paper questionnaires were administered to 45 employers, while online survey was carried out on 227 sampled graduates. In-depth interviews were further subjected to the graduates to corroborate issues raised. Quantitative data analysis was done using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 20 where the data was summarized using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Results: The overall employer assessment of the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands was satisfactory with 18 (46.1% 7 of the employers rating them as good). On self-assessment, 116 (61.7%) of the graduates reported not to have faced any skills competency challenge at their work place and only 57 (30.3%) reported adequacy in skills acquired during undergraduate training. From the in-depth interviews, the graduates applauded the current curriculum implementation strategy of Problem Based Learning (PBL) but faulted the infrastructural inadequacies for low competencies and inadequate skills. The in-depth interviews further revealed a picture of graduates struggling with skills’ mismatch in their job placement. Conclusion: The study revealed a good rating by employers on the graduates’ competency skills but a high proportion (69.7%) of graduates reported lack of adequate skills to match their work demands. Recommendations: Institutions of higher learning need to invest in infrastructural elements of curriculum implementation to boost more practical sessions for better skills’ acquisition that matches the industrial needs.展开更多
Introduction:In 2019,the Chinese State Council launched the“Healthy China Initiative(2019-2030)”,establishing explicit targets for residents’environmental and health literacy(EHL):reaching to 15%by 2022,to 25%,and ...Introduction:In 2019,the Chinese State Council launched the“Healthy China Initiative(2019-2030)”,establishing explicit targets for residents’environmental and health literacy(EHL):reaching to 15%by 2022,to 25%,and over 2030.To identify knowledge gaps and guide targeted interventions,Shanghai implemented five consecutive EHL surveys between 2020 and 2024.Methods:We employed a multi-stage random sampling design across five cross-sectional surveys.Associations with EHL levels were examined usingχ^(2) tests,one-way analysis of variance,generalized linear models,and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:Among 11,220 residents aged 15-69 years assessed using the Core Questionnaire for Assessing the EHL of Chinese Residents,mean EHL scores demonstrated steady improvement.Scores increased from 55.28±15.64 points in 2020 to 61.77±15.92 points(2021),62.13±17.14 points(2022),62.03±16.97 points(2023),and 63.14±18.21 points(2024)(P<0.001).The proportion achieving adequate EHL(≥70 points)increased correspondingly,with ageadjusted rates rising from 18.78%in 2020 to 30.18%(2021),33.22%(2022),33.84%(2023),and 42.88%(2024).Among the three primary dimensions,knowledge showed the greatest improvement,increasing from 7.12%to 39.93%.Participants surveyed in 2024 had 3.50-fold higher odds of achieving adequate EHL compared with those in 2020(odds ratio=3.50;95%confidence interval:3.07,4.00).Conclusions:Although educational attainment remained the primary determinant of EHL,targeted public health education campaigns significantly improved EHL among Shanghai residents between 2020 and 2024.展开更多
This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in C...This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in Constantí(Tarra-gona,Catalonia).Through integrated analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans(PCDD/Fs)and metals across soil,vegetation,human tissues,and dietary matrices,the studies have shown:(1)PCDD/F concentrations decreased 75-96%in biological samples and dietary intake over 20 years,aligning with global emission reductions rather than HWI-4 operations;(2)metal trajectories showed arsenic intermittently exceeding carcinogenic thresholds in soils(1.1×10^(-4) risk index)and chromium accumulating in autopsy tissues(+16% in kidney),although without HWI-specific spatial gradi-ents;(3)systemic biomarkers revealed policy-driven declines—blood lead dropped 70% post-EU regulations,while mer-cury became undetectable in tissues post-2010.Health risk assessments confirmed that PCDD/F intake(0.122 pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day)remained still below WHO thresholds,with no attributable cancer risks for metals except legacy arsenic.The studies included in the program of surveillance show that PCDD/Fs and metals emissions by the HWI have meant a rather low contribution to population exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs compared to dietary and historical sources.How-ever,residual risks warrant attention.It mainly concerns chromium speciation and arsenic in soils,as well as the effects on vulnerable subpopulations and the synergistic effects among toxicants.Epidemiological studies are also required.展开更多
Precision medicine, often termed “personalized medicine,” aims to enhance the categorization and timing of healthcare interventions by leveraging biological data and biomarkers at the molecular level, including dise...Precision medicine, often termed “personalized medicine,” aims to enhance the categorization and timing of healthcare interventions by leveraging biological data and biomarkers at the molecular level, including disease pathways, genet-ics, proteomics, and metabolomics (Schleidgen et al. 2013). Over the past decades, with the continuous advancement of omics technologies, numerous studies have utilized vari-ous methods such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteom-ics, and others to investigate personalized biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases including cancer, diabetes, asthma, and so on. In addition to genetics, environ-mental exposures profoundly affect human health, exhibiting significant intra-individual variability and influencing the success of interventions (Goetz and Schork 2018). Conse-quently, conducting comprehensive investigations into indi-vidual-level precise environmental exposures is valuable for understanding individual health and interactions with the environment.展开更多
This narrative review evaluates the impacts of climate change,referring to the long-term shifting of temperature that could have wide-ranging impacts on societies across the globe.Moreover,changes in climatic factors ...This narrative review evaluates the impacts of climate change,referring to the long-term shifting of temperature that could have wide-ranging impacts on societies across the globe.Moreover,changes in climatic factors could induce changes in environmental factors and/or the related health status in several ways,especially in tropical countries where both infectious and noninfectious diseases are prevalent.This review explores the relationships between diseases in tropical regions and climate change.An examination of the overall impacts of environmental factors in these countries highlights changes in health status and disease patterns related to food-borne and water-borne diseases,vectorborne diseases and remarkable noncommunicable diseases.Adaptation and mitigation measures,such as bolstering health systems and disease surveillance,are needed to address these findings.Resilience and public awareness are key components of effective policies,and cross-sector cooperation and sustainable financial practices are essential for improving health outcomes and combating diseases connected to climate change.展开更多
Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repe...Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens,and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators.Results Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene(2-OH-PHE)(β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene(β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene(4-OH-PHE)(β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OH-PYR)(β = 3.05% [95% CI:-4.66%,-1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE(β = 2.68% [95% CI:-4%,-1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE(β = 3% [95% CI:-4.68%,-1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.Conclusion Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health.Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.展开更多
Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and healt...Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and health/medical sciences,the impacts of physical,chemical,and biological environmental factors on human health are investigated.This includes identifying environmental factors detrimental to human health,evaluating human exposure characteristics to environmental factors,clarifying causal relationships between environmental exposure and health effects,analyzing the underlying biochemical mechanisms,linking environmental factors to the onset and progression of diseases,establishing exposure-response relationships,and determining effect thresholds.Ultimately,the results of environmental health research can serve as a scientific basis for formulating environmental management strategies and guiding prevention and intervention measures at both the public and individual levels.This paper summarizes the recent advances and future perspectives of environmental health research in China,as reported by a group of Chinese scientists who recently attended a workshop in Hainan,China.While it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this expansive field,it offers a glimpse into the significant progress made in understanding the health impacts of environmental factors over the past decade.Looking ahead,it is imperative not only to sustain efforts in studying the health effects of traditional environmental pollution,but also to prioritize research on the health impacts of emerging pollutants and climate change.展开更多
On May 5,2023,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)no longer posed a public health emergency of international concern(1).As restrictions associated with the epidemic ar...On May 5,2023,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)no longer posed a public health emergency of international concern(1).As restrictions associated with the epidemic are relaxed and a fresh policy cycle commences,China’s economy is expected to serve as a key driver of global economic postpandemic recovery.展开更多
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been invest...Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been investigated.In the present study,we assessed associations of major POPs exposure including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),with diabetes in Korean adults(n=1,295),a subset of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)Cycle 3(2015−2017).In the adult population,serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)and PCB167 showed an increased odds ratio(OR)for diabetes.When stratified by gender,associations became stronger and more consistent in women:In women,serum levels of OCPs including p,p′-DDT,p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p,p′-DDE),andΣOCPs and mono-ortho PCBs,such as PCB118 and PCB157,were significantly associated with diabetes.In the male participants,however,no significant positive associations were detected.When stratified by a cutoff age of 50 years,most studied POPs except PBDEs,i.e.,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,PCB118,PCB157,PCB167,PCB138,and PCB153,showed significant associations with diabetes,in the older adults.In the younger group,however,no measured POPs showed a significant positive association.Effects of endogenous sex hormones or interaction of POPs on aryl hydrocarbon receptors may partly explain the observed differences by gender and age,although further experimental confirmations should follow.Our findings show that POPs exposure at the current levels is associated with diabetes among general Korean adults,and such associations could be modified by gender and age.展开更多
An Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)was conducted for 2×150 MW Floating Photovoltaic(FPV)plants,based on the World Bank’s new Environmental and Social Framework(ESF).The project was the first of its kind fina...An Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)was conducted for 2×150 MW Floating Photovoltaic(FPV)plants,based on the World Bank’s new Environmental and Social Framework(ESF).The project was the first of its kind financed by the World Bank in Pakistan and was geared towards renewable energy development in the country.Key components of the project included the installation of high-density polyethylene floats,Photovoltaic(PV)panels,underwater transmission cables to floating or shoreline inverters and transformers,and overhead transmission lines to existing or new substations.The EIA was commissioned to identify all environmental,health,and safety challenges associated with the construction and operation of the FPV plants.A risk screening criterion based on the World Bank ESF was employed to identify these challenges,while a mitigation hierarchy and hierarchy of control were used in providing measures to address these challenges.The environmental challenges identified were pollution of surface water and degradation of aquatic habitat from bird droppings on the floating panels;changes to the thermal structure and evaporation rate of the water body as a result of decreased sunlight access;direct impacts of shading on fish and aquatic algae;impacts on migratory birds and their habitats;and impacts on fish movements due to the anchoring and cabling of the floats.Likewise,the project-specific occupational health and safety challenges identified were the risk of falling and drowning in the water during the installation and maintenance of the panels over the water.Mitigation measures were provided for the identified challenges.In conclusion,the construction and operation of FPV plants have environmental,health,and safety issues.It is therefore recommended that the mitigation measures provided should be incorporated into the earlier stages of the design and operation of future similar FPV plants around the world.展开更多
Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is o...Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.展开更多
As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate c...As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.展开更多
The global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs),such as cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,chronic respiratory diseases,and cancers,constitutes a paramount public health challenge of our time.While genetic ...The global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs),such as cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,chronic respiratory diseases,and cancers,constitutes a paramount public health challenge of our time.While genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors are established contributors,a substantial portion of chronic disease etiology remains unexplained[1].Increasingly,scientific evidence points to the pervasive role of environmental factors—the air we breathe,the water we drink,and the chemicals we encounter—as critical,yet often modifiable,determinants.展开更多
There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various di...There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various diseases[1−2].While these studies have provided the necessary epidemiological evidence for health authorities in policymaking,it is time to develop and implement tailored health interventions to protect the health and well-being of communities,and particularly that of vulnerable groups.展开更多
Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes(cVMSs)are widely used in industrial and consumer products because of their thermal stability,low reactivity,and reduced surface tension[1].Their extensive use has resulted in environme...Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes(cVMSs)are widely used in industrial and consumer products because of their thermal stability,low reactivity,and reduced surface tension[1].Their extensive use has resulted in environmental pollution globally.Recognized as very persistent and very bioaccumulative(vPvB),compounds such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4),decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5),and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane(D6)are regulated in the European Union[2]and are monitored worldwide.展开更多
基金supported by the commissioned project of the Department of Health and Immunization Planning under the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration(No.BX2024100800015)The preliminary study project on standardization of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(No.BZ2025-Q155)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82404299).
文摘INTRODUCTION Contemporary human living environments present complex and pervasive health risks,and environmental health challenges are becoming increasingly prominent.These risks encompass diverse domains,such as chemical factors(e.g.,heavy metals,nanomaterials,per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances),physical factors(e.g.,noise,radiation,and extreme weather)biological factors(e.g.,pathogenic microorganisms and parasites),natural disasters(e.g.,earthquakes and floods),and anthropogenic incidents(e.g.,chemical spills,fires,and explosions).
文摘The“Double First-Class”construction focuses on the development of disciplinary connotations and the improvement of talent cultivation quality,posing higher demands on the teaching mode and talent supply of public health and preventive medicine disciplines.Environmental health,as a core course in public health and preventive medicine,directly relates to the cultivation of effective composite public health talents.Based on the core orientation of the“Double First-Class”construction and combining the talent cultivation and course characteristics of environmental health,this paper explores the significance of teaching reform and talent cultivation in environmental health from the perspective of“Double First-Class”construction.It also investigates the paths for teaching reform and talent cultivation from multiple dimensions,aiming to provide references for cultivating high-quality professionals who meet the needs of national public health development and ecological environmental protection.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0206500)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘In recent decades, the ecological environment has been increasingly challenged by the development of global industrialization and urbanization all over the world, even as global attention for health has raised dramatically. Common global environmental issues, such as air pollution and noise pollution, are associated with lasting impacts on health and contribute significantly to the overall burden of disease. Moreover, a global disparity exists between the burden of such environmental health issues and the global resources available to address this issue. To alleviate the environmental health impacts and ensure a sustainable future for human beings, China has made an important contribution to improving access to ecological protection, environmental governance, patriotic health campaigns, smart city construction, and so on. Experiences gained in China may be useful for some other countries, particularly the low- and middle-income countries with limited sources.
文摘Emerging epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that ambient air pollution,such as particulate matter(PM),is associated with increased cardio-respiratory mortality and morbidity.1'2 Air pollution has been recognized as the single biggest environmental risk factor for attributable burden of noncommunicable diseases(NCDs),3 which has provided strong rationale for actions reducing population exposure to air pollutants in particular countries or regions even on a global scale.The air quality in high-income countries has substantially improved over the past decades,while it has generally deteriorated in most low-and middle-income countries(LMICs;determined by the World Bank and based on gross national income per capita),under the settings of global urbanization and economic development.4 In addition,there has been rapid growth in prevalence of NCDs worldwide due to ageing and lifestyle changes,and NCDs are now the most common causes of death and disability globally.5 Thus,to synthesize and provide up-to-date evidence on health impact of air pollution,World Health Organization(WHO)has released the latest edition of global air quality guidelines-WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines(hereafter referred to as uAQGs(2021on September 22,2021,6 which has significant implications to future actions on air pollution control and disease management under the context of climate change and global health promotion.
文摘Introduction: Environmental health is a rapidly evolving field, and professionals working in this field have to deal with increasingly complex environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, their skill development is a key component in ascertaining their abilities to match work requirements to the satisfaction of their employers. Training and education of these professionals requires involvement of the relevant stakeholders to apt their technical skills in preparation of the role to be undertaken. Thus, the universities and other institutions of higher learning, in their efforts to improve graduate output should understand the labor market. Additionally, due to constant transformation and reorganization of strategies and plans by practitioner organizations, employers’ perspective in assessing graduates’ abilities and performance is necessary. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the employers’ perspectives on the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design involving employers and graduates of environmental health program of Moi University using mixed methods was carried out. Pretested semi structured paper questionnaires were administered to 45 employers, while online survey was carried out on 227 sampled graduates. In-depth interviews were further subjected to the graduates to corroborate issues raised. Quantitative data analysis was done using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 20 where the data was summarized using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Results: The overall employer assessment of the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands was satisfactory with 18 (46.1% 7 of the employers rating them as good). On self-assessment, 116 (61.7%) of the graduates reported not to have faced any skills competency challenge at their work place and only 57 (30.3%) reported adequacy in skills acquired during undergraduate training. From the in-depth interviews, the graduates applauded the current curriculum implementation strategy of Problem Based Learning (PBL) but faulted the infrastructural inadequacies for low competencies and inadequate skills. The in-depth interviews further revealed a picture of graduates struggling with skills’ mismatch in their job placement. Conclusion: The study revealed a good rating by employers on the graduates’ competency skills but a high proportion (69.7%) of graduates reported lack of adequate skills to match their work demands. Recommendations: Institutions of higher learning need to invest in infrastructural elements of curriculum implementation to boost more practical sessions for better skills’ acquisition that matches the industrial needs.
基金Supported by the Key Projects in the Three-Year Plan of Shanghai Municipal Public Health System(2023-2025)(No.GWV1-11.1-39)the National Disease Control and Prevention Administration Talent Project of Field Epidemiological Investigation(No.Y2023-28B)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Science and Youth Research Fund(No.20234Y0297).
文摘Introduction:In 2019,the Chinese State Council launched the“Healthy China Initiative(2019-2030)”,establishing explicit targets for residents’environmental and health literacy(EHL):reaching to 15%by 2022,to 25%,and over 2030.To identify knowledge gaps and guide targeted interventions,Shanghai implemented five consecutive EHL surveys between 2020 and 2024.Methods:We employed a multi-stage random sampling design across five cross-sectional surveys.Associations with EHL levels were examined usingχ^(2) tests,one-way analysis of variance,generalized linear models,and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results:Among 11,220 residents aged 15-69 years assessed using the Core Questionnaire for Assessing the EHL of Chinese Residents,mean EHL scores demonstrated steady improvement.Scores increased from 55.28±15.64 points in 2020 to 61.77±15.92 points(2021),62.13±17.14 points(2022),62.03±16.97 points(2023),and 63.14±18.21 points(2024)(P<0.001).The proportion achieving adequate EHL(≥70 points)increased correspondingly,with ageadjusted rates rising from 18.78%in 2020 to 30.18%(2021),33.22%(2022),33.84%(2023),and 42.88%(2024).Among the three primary dimensions,knowledge showed the greatest improvement,increasing from 7.12%to 39.93%.Participants surveyed in 2024 had 3.50-fold higher odds of achieving adequate EHL compared with those in 2020(odds ratio=3.50;95%confidence interval:3.07,4.00).Conclusions:Although educational attainment remained the primary determinant of EHL,targeted public health education campaigns significantly improved EHL among Shanghai residents between 2020 and 2024.
文摘This comprehensive review synthesizes findings from the studies conducted for more than two decades to assess en-vironmental and human health impacts near Spain's first hazardous waste incinerator(HWI)located in Constantí(Tarra-gona,Catalonia).Through integrated analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans(PCDD/Fs)and metals across soil,vegetation,human tissues,and dietary matrices,the studies have shown:(1)PCDD/F concentrations decreased 75-96%in biological samples and dietary intake over 20 years,aligning with global emission reductions rather than HWI-4 operations;(2)metal trajectories showed arsenic intermittently exceeding carcinogenic thresholds in soils(1.1×10^(-4) risk index)and chromium accumulating in autopsy tissues(+16% in kidney),although without HWI-specific spatial gradi-ents;(3)systemic biomarkers revealed policy-driven declines—blood lead dropped 70% post-EU regulations,while mer-cury became undetectable in tissues post-2010.Health risk assessments confirmed that PCDD/F intake(0.122 pg WHO-TEQ/kg/day)remained still below WHO thresholds,with no attributable cancer risks for metals except legacy arsenic.The studies included in the program of surveillance show that PCDD/Fs and metals emissions by the HWI have meant a rather low contribution to population exposure to metals and PCDD/Fs compared to dietary and historical sources.How-ever,residual risks warrant attention.It mainly concerns chromium speciation and arsenic in soils,as well as the effects on vulnerable subpopulations and the synergistic effects among toxicants.Epidemiological studies are also required.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404365,82404278)Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0513200)+8 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332023042)Peking Union Medical College Graduate Innovation Fund(No.2019-1004-02)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M730317,and 2023T160066)the Open Project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health(No.202301)The special fund of State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants(SEPKL-EHIAEC-202205)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2022-JKCS-11)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-JB-003)China Medical Board(Grant No.15-230)China Prospective cohort study of Air pollution and health effects in Typical areas(C-PAT)(Grant No.MEE-EH-20190802).
文摘Precision medicine, often termed “personalized medicine,” aims to enhance the categorization and timing of healthcare interventions by leveraging biological data and biomarkers at the molecular level, including disease pathways, genet-ics, proteomics, and metabolomics (Schleidgen et al. 2013). Over the past decades, with the continuous advancement of omics technologies, numerous studies have utilized vari-ous methods such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteom-ics, and others to investigate personalized biomarkers and therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases including cancer, diabetes, asthma, and so on. In addition to genetics, environ-mental exposures profoundly affect human health, exhibiting significant intra-individual variability and influencing the success of interventions (Goetz and Schork 2018). Conse-quently, conducting comprehensive investigations into indi-vidual-level precise environmental exposures is valuable for understanding individual health and interactions with the environment.
基金supported by the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)E-Asia Joint Research Program 2021-2023:Climate change impact on natural and human systems(Nos.110/2021,N33A650979,and N33A670560).
文摘This narrative review evaluates the impacts of climate change,referring to the long-term shifting of temperature that could have wide-ranging impacts on societies across the globe.Moreover,changes in climatic factors could induce changes in environmental factors and/or the related health status in several ways,especially in tropical countries where both infectious and noninfectious diseases are prevalent.This review explores the relationships between diseases in tropical regions and climate change.An examination of the overall impacts of environmental factors in these countries highlights changes in health status and disease patterns related to food-borne and water-borne diseases,vectorborne diseases and remarkable noncommunicable diseases.Adaptation and mitigation measures,such as bolstering health systems and disease surveillance,are needed to address these findings.Resilience and public awareness are key components of effective policies,and cross-sector cooperation and sustainable financial practices are essential for improving health outcomes and combating diseases connected to climate change.
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2022YFE0134900,2023YFC3708305,2023YFC3708302)Strategy Priority Research Program(Category B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42477455,42077390).
文摘Objective The study aim was to investigate the effects of exposure to multiple environmental organic pollutants on cardiopulmonary health with a focus on the potential mediating role of oxidative stress.Methods A repeated-measures randomized crossover study involving healthy college students in Beijing was conducted. Biological samples, including morning urine and venous blood, were collected to measure concentrations of 29 typical organic pollutants, including hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(OH-PAHs), bisphenol A and its substitutes, phthalates and their metabolites, parabens,and five biomarkers of oxidative stress. Health assessments included blood pressure measurements and lung function indicators.Results Urinary concentrations of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene(2-OH-PHE)(β = 4.35% [95% confidence interval(CI): 0.85%, 7.97%]), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene(β = 3.44% [95% CI: 0.19%, 6.79%]), and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene(4-OH-PHE)(β = 5.78% [95% CI: 1.27%, 10.5%]) were significantly and positively associated with systolic blood pressure. Exposures to 1-hydroxypyrene(1-OH-PYR)(β = 3.05% [95% CI:-4.66%,-1.41%]), 2-OH-PHE(β = 2.68% [95% CI:-4%,-1.34%]), and 4-OH-PHE(β = 3% [95% CI:-4.68%,-1.29%]) were negatively associated with the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second to forced vital capacity. These findings highlight the adverse effects of exposure to multiple pollutants on cardiopulmonary health. Biomarkers of oxidative stress, including 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and extracellular superoxide dismutase, mediated the effects of multiple OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.Conclusion Exposure to multiple organic pollutants can adversely affect cardiopulmonary health.Oxidative stress is a key mediator of the effects of OH-PAHs on blood pressure and lung function.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFC3702600).
文摘Environmental health research aims to identify environmental conditions suitable for the healthy living and reproduction of human beings.Through the interdisciplinary research bridging environmental sciences and health/medical sciences,the impacts of physical,chemical,and biological environmental factors on human health are investigated.This includes identifying environmental factors detrimental to human health,evaluating human exposure characteristics to environmental factors,clarifying causal relationships between environmental exposure and health effects,analyzing the underlying biochemical mechanisms,linking environmental factors to the onset and progression of diseases,establishing exposure-response relationships,and determining effect thresholds.Ultimately,the results of environmental health research can serve as a scientific basis for formulating environmental management strategies and guiding prevention and intervention measures at both the public and individual levels.This paper summarizes the recent advances and future perspectives of environmental health research in China,as reported by a group of Chinese scientists who recently attended a workshop in Hainan,China.While it is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of this expansive field,it offers a glimpse into the significant progress made in understanding the health impacts of environmental factors over the past decade.Looking ahead,it is imperative not only to sustain efforts in studying the health effects of traditional environmental pollution,but also to prioritize research on the health impacts of emerging pollutants and climate change.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3702700 to XS)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(grant numbers 82025030 and 82222063 to XS).
文摘On May 5,2023,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared that the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)no longer posed a public health emergency of international concern(1).As restrictions associated with the epidemic are relaxed and a fresh policy cycle commences,China’s economy is expected to serve as a key driver of global economic postpandemic recovery.
基金supported by grants from the National Institute of Environmental Research funded by the Ministry of Environment(MOE)of Korea(NIER-2019-01-02-082)National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea(NRF-2020R1A2C3011269 and NRF-2022R1C1C2006982).
文摘Exposure to persistent organic pollutants(POPs)has been reported as a potential risk factor for diabetes in adults.However,effect modifications by sex and age,especially among Asian populations,have seldom been investigated.In the present study,we assessed associations of major POPs exposure including organochlorine pesticides(OCPs),polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),and polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs),with diabetes in Korean adults(n=1,295),a subset of the Korean National Environmental Health Survey(KoNEHS)Cycle 3(2015−2017).In the adult population,serum levels of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes(DDTs)and PCB167 showed an increased odds ratio(OR)for diabetes.When stratified by gender,associations became stronger and more consistent in women:In women,serum levels of OCPs including p,p′-DDT,p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene(p,p′-DDE),andΣOCPs and mono-ortho PCBs,such as PCB118 and PCB157,were significantly associated with diabetes.In the male participants,however,no significant positive associations were detected.When stratified by a cutoff age of 50 years,most studied POPs except PBDEs,i.e.,p,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDE,PCB118,PCB157,PCB167,PCB138,and PCB153,showed significant associations with diabetes,in the older adults.In the younger group,however,no measured POPs showed a significant positive association.Effects of endogenous sex hormones or interaction of POPs on aryl hydrocarbon receptors may partly explain the observed differences by gender and age,although further experimental confirmations should follow.Our findings show that POPs exposure at the current levels is associated with diabetes among general Korean adults,and such associations could be modified by gender and age.
文摘An Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA)was conducted for 2×150 MW Floating Photovoltaic(FPV)plants,based on the World Bank’s new Environmental and Social Framework(ESF).The project was the first of its kind financed by the World Bank in Pakistan and was geared towards renewable energy development in the country.Key components of the project included the installation of high-density polyethylene floats,Photovoltaic(PV)panels,underwater transmission cables to floating or shoreline inverters and transformers,and overhead transmission lines to existing or new substations.The EIA was commissioned to identify all environmental,health,and safety challenges associated with the construction and operation of the FPV plants.A risk screening criterion based on the World Bank ESF was employed to identify these challenges,while a mitigation hierarchy and hierarchy of control were used in providing measures to address these challenges.The environmental challenges identified were pollution of surface water and degradation of aquatic habitat from bird droppings on the floating panels;changes to the thermal structure and evaporation rate of the water body as a result of decreased sunlight access;direct impacts of shading on fish and aquatic algae;impacts on migratory birds and their habitats;and impacts on fish movements due to the anchoring and cabling of the floats.Likewise,the project-specific occupational health and safety challenges identified were the risk of falling and drowning in the water during the installation and maintenance of the panels over the water.Mitigation measures were provided for the identified challenges.In conclusion,the construction and operation of FPV plants have environmental,health,and safety issues.It is therefore recommended that the mitigation measures provided should be incorporated into the earlier stages of the design and operation of future similar FPV plants around the world.
基金the Project to Carry Out International Expert Consultation and Promote the Alignment of China's Occupational Health with International High-Standard Technical Rules(2024-2025)which is funded by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.H20240785).
文摘Agricultural workers are among the most vulnerable groups facing occupational health risks,yet their protection remains insufficient globally.Despite employing nearly one-third of the global workforce,agriculture is one of the most hazardous sectors,with risks intensified by climate change and limited regulatory coverage.This commentary examines emerging challenges,research gaps,and policy directions,with a focus on international frameworks and China's recent experiences.While initiatives like Healthy China 2030 and pilot projects using international tools have advanced rural occupational health,major barriers persist,especially for precarious and informal agricultural workers.Strengthening national actions and international coordination is urgently needed.Reviving the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health would help bridge the gap between global commitments and local implementation.Protecting agricultural workers is essential for promoting human rights,advancing public health resilience,and achieving sustainable development goals related to health,labor,and food security.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030,No.72394404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.
文摘The global burden of chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs),such as cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,chronic respiratory diseases,and cancers,constitutes a paramount public health challenge of our time.While genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors are established contributors,a substantial portion of chronic disease etiology remains unexplained[1].Increasingly,scientific evidence points to the pervasive role of environmental factors—the air we breathe,the water we drink,and the chemicals we encounter—as critical,yet often modifiable,determinants.
文摘There have been an increasing number of studies on climate change and population health over the past 20 years,with most focusing on health risk assessment,targeting different locations and populations with various diseases[1−2].While these studies have provided the necessary epidemiological evidence for health authorities in policymaking,it is time to develop and implement tailored health interventions to protect the health and well-being of communities,and particularly that of vulnerable groups.
基金supported by the Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan(grant number:GWVI-11.1-39).
文摘Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes(cVMSs)are widely used in industrial and consumer products because of their thermal stability,low reactivity,and reduced surface tension[1].Their extensive use has resulted in environmental pollution globally.Recognized as very persistent and very bioaccumulative(vPvB),compounds such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane(D4),decamethylcyclopentasiloxane(D5),and dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane(D6)are regulated in the European Union[2]and are monitored worldwide.
