Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmenta...Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.展开更多
The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping ...The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”展开更多
This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the L...This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology.The treatments are either in-situ or exsitu,the latter requiring an initial dredging to transport the contaminated sediments to the management site.More in detail,four ex-situ remediation technologies based on landfilling,bioremediation,electrokinetic technique and soil washing were identified.These technologies are compared to an in-situ strategy currently under validation for enhancing bioremediation of the polluted sediments of the Bagnoli-Coroglio site.Our results indicate that the disposal in landfilling site is the worst option in most categories(e.g.,650 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment,considering the nearest landfilling site),followed by the bioremediation,mainly due to the high energy demand.Electrokinetic remediation,soil washing,and innovative in-situ technology represent the most sustainable options.In particular,the new in-situ technology appears to be the least impacting in all categories(e.g.,54 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment),although it is expected to require longer treatment time(estimated up to 12 months based on its potential efficiency).It can reduce the impact on climate change more than 12 times compared to the disposal and 7 times compared to bioremediation in addition to the possibility to avoid/reduce the dredging operations and the consequent dispersion of pollutants.The results open relevant perspectives towards more eco-sustainable and costly effective actions for the reclamation of contaminated marine sediments.展开更多
The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefit...The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.展开更多
Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key fac...Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.展开更多
Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,...Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.展开更多
Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sust...Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development.Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems,the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,particularly in water electrolysis(WE)for hydrogen production,remain insufficiently explored.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement,microenvironment regulation,and hydrogen production optimization,aiming to achieve low-energy consumption,high catalytic activity,and long-term stability in the generation of target products.Here,this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer,the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production,providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress.The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency,duty cycle,amplitude,and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance within PDE strategies,revealing the interrelationships among them.Finally,the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.展开更多
1 Initial construction of JESTwenty years ago, research on environmental science was extended beyond its initial scope including pollution source surveys, environmental pollution monitoring, and treatment of the ＂thr...1 Initial construction of JESTwenty years ago, research on environmental science was extended beyond its initial scope including pollution source surveys, environmental pollution monitoring, and treatment of the ＂three wastes＂ （waste water, waste gas, and solid waste） to a full concern with the behavior, tendencies and harmful effects of pollutants in the environment as well as the overall understanding of the ecosystem. Environmental scientists came to realize that the solutions to environmental problems and their fields of study could no longer be restricted to a particular region or country, but needed exchanges with foreign scholars and transnational cooperation between scientists. However, at that time,展开更多
Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science developed in the process of understanding and solving ecolog-ical and environmental problems.In order to tackle these problems,environmental science research is ex...Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science developed in the process of understanding and solving ecolog-ical and environmental problems.In order to tackle these problems,environmental science research is expected to reveal the source,behavior,fate,exposure,and risks of pollutants in the environment and develop potential solutions to control pollution.It provides the scientific basis for decision-makers to establish environmental and economic poli-cies,and promote concerted efforts for the sustainable development of society.Here,we articulate the development patterns,challenges,and future research needs of environmental science in China based on literature review and expert panel discussion.Environmental science research has evolved significantly in the past decade with an increas-ing diversity of environmental pollutants and health impacts,new technologies and methods,deepening fusion of multiple disciplines,and emerging solutions for pollution control.Its future development relies on the advances in our knowledge on the fate and transport of pollutants,regional environmental processes,ecotoxicological effects,environmental exposure and health effects,environmental analysis and monitoring,source control and reduction,environmental remediation,as well as environmental risk management.For each of these fields,we summarize the significant challenges and highlight the research demands for China.Based on the status quo of China’s environmen-tal science research and future needs,we provide recommendations to promote its future development,including encouraging innovation and interdisciplinary research,providing decision support for national needs,encouraging international collaboration,and improving collaboration mechanisms.展开更多
The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective ...The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.展开更多
We investigated the characteristics of ambient particles and their relationships with various environmental factors, including gaseous pollutants （CI-h, non-methane hydrocarbons （NMHC）, total hydrocarbons （THC）, ...We investigated the characteristics of ambient particles and their relationships with various environmental factors, including gaseous pollutants （CI-h, non-methane hydrocarbons （NMHC）, total hydrocarbons （THC）, NOx, CO, SO2）, meteorological parameters （humidity, temperature）, and time （day/night, workday/weekend）. We used an electrical low-pressure cascade impactor to measure the number and size distributions of ambient particles （0.007-10 ~m） that were collected approximately 1 km northwest of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan between February and May 2007. The number concentrations of particles were enhanced through photochemical reactions during the day. In addition, high traffic flow during workdays increased the formation of particulates. Except for SO2, all of the gaseous pollutants we studied （CH4, NMHC, THC, NOx, CO） correlated positively with the total number concentrations of ambient particles during daytime, indicating that they might contribute to the particulate burden. The poorer relationship between the SO2 level and the total number concentration of particles suggests that SO2 might participate indirectly in the nucleation process during particle formation, The high enrichment factors for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn, which mostly comprised the ultrafine particles （diameter： 〈 0.1 Ixm） and fine particles （diameter： 0.1-1 ~tm）, presumably arose from emissions from traffic and high technology factories. Heterogeneous reactions on solid particles might play a role in the removal of SOx and NOx from the atmosphere. Sulfides and nitrides can further react with these local pollutants, forming specific Cu-containing compounds： Cut （39%）, CuSO4 （34%）, and Cu（NO3）2 （27%）, within the ambient particles in this industrial area.展开更多
This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers...This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advances made possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw the undertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean-ice-atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming.展开更多
Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remedi...Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.展开更多
First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee memb...First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface w...Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.展开更多
As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate c...As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.展开更多
The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civi...The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.展开更多
Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural re...Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077299,and U21A20290)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the Ordos Key Research and Development Program(No.YF20240037).
文摘Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.
文摘The authors regret that in 1.2.Instruments section of the article,when describing the principle of TiH300,the original content of“Briefly,ambient HONO was first absorbed by deionized water in a two-channel stripping coil.The absorbed liquid nitrite was mixed with sulfanilamide,N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride,and hydrogen chloride solution to form the azo dye derivative.”
基金support in the literature analysis.This study has been carried out in the framework of the project funded by EU entitled“Bioremediation of contaminated sediments in coastal areas of exindustrial sites-LIFE SEDREMED”(No.LIFE20 ENV/IT/000572).
文摘This study compares the environmental sustainability of five alternatives for the remediation of marine sediments of one of the most polluted coastal sites in Europe(Bagnoli-Coroglio bay,Mediterranean Sea),using the Life Cycle Assessment(LCA)methodology.The treatments are either in-situ or exsitu,the latter requiring an initial dredging to transport the contaminated sediments to the management site.More in detail,four ex-situ remediation technologies based on landfilling,bioremediation,electrokinetic technique and soil washing were identified.These technologies are compared to an in-situ strategy currently under validation for enhancing bioremediation of the polluted sediments of the Bagnoli-Coroglio site.Our results indicate that the disposal in landfilling site is the worst option in most categories(e.g.,650 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment,considering the nearest landfilling site),followed by the bioremediation,mainly due to the high energy demand.Electrokinetic remediation,soil washing,and innovative in-situ technology represent the most sustainable options.In particular,the new in-situ technology appears to be the least impacting in all categories(e.g.,54 kg CO_(2) eq./t of treated sediment),although it is expected to require longer treatment time(estimated up to 12 months based on its potential efficiency).It can reduce the impact on climate change more than 12 times compared to the disposal and 7 times compared to bioremediation in addition to the possibility to avoid/reduce the dredging operations and the consequent dispersion of pollutants.The results open relevant perspectives towards more eco-sustainable and costly effective actions for the reclamation of contaminated marine sediments.
文摘The surge in environmental pollution in recent years driven by numerous pollutants has necessitated the search for efficient removal methods.Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly technique that provides multiple benefits over conventional methods of removing contaminants.Despite the numerous benefits of this technique,it has certain limitations that can be addressed by incorporating nanoparticles to improve its effectiveness.This review paper aims to explore the impact of heavy metal pollution on plants and human health.It highlights the role and mechanism of nanoparticles in enhancing phytoremediation,their application in the detection of heavy metals,and the strategies for the safe disposal of phytoremediation biomass.Biosynthesized nanoparticles are eco-friendly and non-toxic,with applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Nanoparticles can be used in the form of nano biosensors like smartphone-operated wireless sensors made from Cinnamomum camphora,enabling efficient detection of heavy metal ions.According to the studies,nanoparticles remove 80%–97%of heavy metals by various methods like reduction,precipitation,adsorption,etc.The phytoremediation biomass disposal can be done by heat treatment,phytomining,and microbial treatment with some modifications to further enhance their results.Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly technique but requires further research and integration with biomass energy production to overcome scalability challenges and ensure safe biomass disposal.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(No.3502Z20227232)the STS Project of Fujian-CAS(No.2023T3018)Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.322GJHZ2022035MI).
文摘Anammox bacteria in constructed wetlands(CWs)play pivotal role in sustainable nitrogen transformation,yet existing studies lack comprehensive analysis of environmental gradients and microbial interactions,both key factors in anammox bacteria enrichment.This study investigated the mechanisms driving anammox bacteria enrichment in lab-scale simulated CWs treating high-nitrogen wastewater,focusing on bacterial community re-sponses across wetland layers with various strategies,including continuous up-flow influent,nitrogen loading increase,effluent recirculation,intermittent influent,and anammox bacteria inoculation.Results showed that total relative and absolute abundances of anammox bacteria ranged from 0.77%to 12.50%and from 0.13 to 6.46×10^(7) copies/g,respectively.Dissolved oxygen and pH had significant positive correlations with the absolute abundance of anammox bacteria,while organic matter and nitrate negatively impacted their relative abundance.Permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that spatial heterogeneity explained more variation in anammox bacteria abundance(43.44%)compared to operational strategies(8.58%).In terms of microbial interactions,60 dominant species exhibited potential correlations with anammox bacteria,comprising 170 interactions(105 positive and 65 negative),which suggested that anammox bacteria generally foster cooperative relationships with dominant bacteria.Notably,significant interspecies interactions were observed between Candidatus Kuenenia(dominant anammox bacteria in CWs)and species within the genera Chitinivibrio-nia and Anaerolineaceae,suggesting that microbial interactions primarily manifest as indirect facilitative effects rather than direct mutualistic relationships.Given that the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio in CWs were<50%,this study inferred that environmental gradients have greater influence on anammox bacteria than microbial interactions.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2024ZD1200200).
文摘Oil-fired construction machinery(OCM)is a major source of urban air pollutants and CO_(2) emissions,and elec-trification is a crucial pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s dual carbon goals;however,its feasibility has not been fully explored.This study uses data envelopment analysis and the analytic hierarchy process to establish a development potential index,covering technical efficiency,economic cost,application sce-narios,and charging time and range,with an empirical analysis conducted in Beijing.The findings indicated the high feasibility of replacing OCM with electric alternatives,especially within the low-power range.Based on 2023 registered coding dat1,it is projected that by 2030,electrification could reduce regional average con-centrations of CO,NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and VOCs by 12.2%to 56.4%and reduce CO_(2) by 11.7%to 56.9%.Owing to economic considerations,small-and medium-sized machinery are particularly feasible for electrification.Key recommendations include prioritizing the electrification of forklifts,lifting platforms,and small-sized machinery in high-emission areas,particularly in central urban districts.Policies such as carbon taxes,carbon markets,and performance grading systems are suggested to incentivize electrification,along with expanding high-emission restriction zones and improving energy infrastructure to support widespread electrification.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2024ZXJ03C06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52476192,No.52106237)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2022E027)Technology Project of China Datang Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd(No.DTKC-2024-20610).
文摘Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development.Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems,the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,particularly in water electrolysis(WE)for hydrogen production,remain insufficiently explored.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement,microenvironment regulation,and hydrogen production optimization,aiming to achieve low-energy consumption,high catalytic activity,and long-term stability in the generation of target products.Here,this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer,the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production,providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress.The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency,duty cycle,amplitude,and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance within PDE strategies,revealing the interrelationships among them.Finally,the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.
基金JES is financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.21024806,21224005)the Publishing Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (the year of 2009,2010,2011)
文摘1 Initial construction of JESTwenty years ago, research on environmental science was extended beyond its initial scope including pollution source surveys, environmental pollution monitoring, and treatment of the ＂three wastes＂ （waste water, waste gas, and solid waste） to a full concern with the behavior, tendencies and harmful effects of pollutants in the environment as well as the overall understanding of the ecosystem. Environmental scientists came to realize that the solutions to environmental problems and their fields of study could no longer be restricted to a particular region or country, but needed exchanges with foreign scholars and transnational cooperation between scientists. However, at that time,
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006).
文摘Environmental science is an interdisciplinary science developed in the process of understanding and solving ecolog-ical and environmental problems.In order to tackle these problems,environmental science research is expected to reveal the source,behavior,fate,exposure,and risks of pollutants in the environment and develop potential solutions to control pollution.It provides the scientific basis for decision-makers to establish environmental and economic poli-cies,and promote concerted efforts for the sustainable development of society.Here,we articulate the development patterns,challenges,and future research needs of environmental science in China based on literature review and expert panel discussion.Environmental science research has evolved significantly in the past decade with an increas-ing diversity of environmental pollutants and health impacts,new technologies and methods,deepening fusion of multiple disciplines,and emerging solutions for pollution control.Its future development relies on the advances in our knowledge on the fate and transport of pollutants,regional environmental processes,ecotoxicological effects,environmental exposure and health effects,environmental analysis and monitoring,source control and reduction,environmental remediation,as well as environmental risk management.For each of these fields,we summarize the significant challenges and highlight the research demands for China.Based on the status quo of China’s environmen-tal science research and future needs,we provide recommendations to promote its future development,including encouraging innovation and interdisciplinary research,providing decision support for national needs,encouraging international collaboration,and improving collaboration mechanisms.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52270106 and 22266021)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(grant No.202202AG050005)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(grant No.202201AT070116).
文摘The application of industrial solid wastes as environmentally functional materials for air pollutants control has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential to reduce air pollution in a cost-effective manner.In this review,we investigate the development of industrialwaste-based functional materials for various gas pollutant removal and consider the relevant reaction mechanism according to different types of industrial solid waste.We see a recent effort towards achieving high-performance environmental functional materials via chemical or physical modification,in which the active components,pore size,and phase structure can be altered.The review will discuss the potential of using industrial solid wastes,these modified materials,or synthesized materials from raw waste precursors for the removal of air pollutants,including SO_(2),NO_(x),Hg^(0),H_(2)S,VOCs,and CO_(2).The challenges still need to be addressed to realize this potential and the prospects for future research fully.The suggestions for future directions include determining the optimal composition of these materials,calculating the real reaction rate and turnover frequency,developing effective treatment methods,and establishing chemical component databases of raw industrial solid waste for catalysts/adsorbent preparation.
基金the "National" Science Council of Taiwan (NSC:96-2113-M-007-029-MY) for financial support
文摘We investigated the characteristics of ambient particles and their relationships with various environmental factors, including gaseous pollutants （CI-h, non-methane hydrocarbons （NMHC）, total hydrocarbons （THC）, NOx, CO, SO2）, meteorological parameters （humidity, temperature）, and time （day/night, workday/weekend）. We used an electrical low-pressure cascade impactor to measure the number and size distributions of ambient particles （0.007-10 ~m） that were collected approximately 1 km northwest of Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan between February and May 2007. The number concentrations of particles were enhanced through photochemical reactions during the day. In addition, high traffic flow during workdays increased the formation of particulates. Except for SO2, all of the gaseous pollutants we studied （CH4, NMHC, THC, NOx, CO） correlated positively with the total number concentrations of ambient particles during daytime, indicating that they might contribute to the particulate burden. The poorer relationship between the SO2 level and the total number concentration of particles suggests that SO2 might participate indirectly in the nucleation process during particle formation, The high enrichment factors for Zn, Pb, Cu, and Mn, which mostly comprised the ultrafine particles （diameter： 〈 0.1 Ixm） and fine particles （diameter： 0.1-1 ~tm）, presumably arose from emissions from traffic and high technology factories. Heterogeneous reactions on solid particles might play a role in the removal of SOx and NOx from the atmosphere. Sulfides and nitrides can further react with these local pollutants, forming specific Cu-containing compounds： Cut （39%）, CuSO4 （34%）, and Cu（NO3）2 （27%）, within the ambient particles in this industrial area.
文摘This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s. The review begins with the first International Polar Year （IPY） in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advances made possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw the undertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean-ice-atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52100184,and U22A20617).
文摘Controlling heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil has been a significant challenge.These heavy metals seriously threaten the surrounding ecological environment and human health.The effective assessment and remediation of heavy metals in agricultural soils are crucial.These two aspects support each other,forming a close and complete decisionmaking chain.Therefore,this review systematically summarizes the distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution,the correlation between soil and crop heavy metal contents,the presence pattern and migration and transformation mode of heavy metals in the soil-crop system.The advantages and disadvantages of the risk evaluation tools and models of heavy metal pollution in farmland are further outlined,which provides important guidance for an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of heavymetal pollution in farmland soils and the assessment of the environmental risk.Soil remediation strategies involve multiple physical,chemical,biological and even combined technologies,and this paper compares the potential and effect of the above current remediation technologies in heavy metal polluted farmland soils.Finally,the main problems and possible research directions of future heavy metal risk assessment and remediation technologies in agricultural soils are prospected.This review provides new ideas for effective assessment and selection of remediation technologies based on the characterization of soil heavy metals.
文摘First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3710000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42277078 and 42307118).
文摘Abandoned mines,especially pyrite-rich ones,release acid mine drainage(AMD)with high acidity and excessive amounts of heavy metals,threatening regional ecosystems.Six samples of mine drainage,nine samples of surface water,and twelve samples of sediment were analyzed in this case study of the Dashu pyrite mine in southwest China.A comprehensive analysis of the pollution levels,pollution sources,and potential hazards of eight metals(Ni,Cd,Cu,Zn,Fe,Al,Pb,and Mn)that exceeded regulatory standardswas conducted bymonitoring 24 conventional and characteristic indicators.Ultimately,this research evaluated the environmental hazards associated with abandonedmine water using the"pressure-response"model,thereby providing valuable insights for the effective protection of the environment in mining regions.The primary pollutants in mine water were determined to be SO_(4)^(2−),Fe,and Mn,with concentrations of 7700,1450,and 6.78mg/L,respectively.A clear"source-sink"dynamic was observed between themine water and the surrounding water system.surface water was primarily polluted by Ni and Mn,while water system sediments were primarily polluted by Cu and Hg.Ion ratio and Pearson correlation analyses indicated heavy metals in surface water and sediments originated from the same AMD source.The"pressureresponse"model was used to assess the environmental hazards of water from abandoned mines.Mines W1,W2,W5,and W6 were classified as high-risk,while W3 and W4 were medium-risk.This study offers a novel approach and valuable reference for identifying and classifying environmental risks in abandoned mines and targeting AMD treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82025030,No.72394404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3702700)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control of China(No.DQGG0401).
文摘As global greenhouse gases continue rising,the urgency of more ambitious action is clearer than ever before.China is the world’s biggest emitter of greenhouse gases and one of the countries affected most by climate change.The evidence about the impacts of climate change on the environment and human health may encourage China to take more decisive action to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate impacts.
文摘The legacy of United States cluster munition use in Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War is residual bomblets that unexpectedly detonate years later, killing and injuring children, farmers, and other civilians. Cluster munitions release dozens of smaller bomblets that rain deadly ammunition on troops, armored tanks, and vegetation, effectively striking broad sections of war zone landscapes in one launch. While many bomblets detonate immediately, others fail to detonate and can lie dormant on the ground for years. The primary objectives of this study were to document the long-term consequences and impacts of the US Air Force bombing of Laos and Cambodia during the Second Indochina War (1959 to 1973). The historical lessons learned by United States should be shared with Russia and Ukraine governments and military. These countries need to discontinue the use of cluster bombs to prevent additional people living along the Russia-Ukraine border from having to live and die with the consequences of unexploded ordnance, including cluster bombs, for the next century.
文摘Earth is moving through a period of extreme uncertainty as global climates change,natural disasters become more frequent and severe,and governments grapple with the difficulty these issues pose for managing natural resources and people.Nowhere are these challenges more pressing than across the world's drylands,where a combination of hotter drier climates challenge food security,sustainable food production and often fuel unrest and political instability.It is against this backdrop that Fu and Stafford Smith,two global leaders in dryland science draw on>80 years of collective wisdom on drylands to describe how humans and natural processes intersect in an era of global change(Fu and Stafford Smith,2024).
