In contrast to glaciological studies in Mexico,periglacial studies are very recent and limited to the analysis of the general permafrost cover in the high mountains of the country.Although some of the studies on the r...In contrast to glaciological studies in Mexico,periglacial studies are very recent and limited to the analysis of the general permafrost cover in the high mountains of the country.Although some of the studies on the reconstruction of Pleistocene glaciers in Mexico mention the existence of rock glaciers,to date no work has been done to study their physical properties or determining their state of conservation.Since rock glaciers are the most important visible indicators of mountain permafrost(along with features such as gelifluction lobes and patterned ground)and given that the“Nevado”rock glacier is the main example of its kind in Mexico,this study analyzes its internal temperature and assesses its state of conservation.The investigation was carried out by drilling and thermal monitoring of rock profiles as well as air.The results indicate that at present,the“Nevado”seems to lack permafrost inside.Although there is evidence of surface freezing during the winter months in the upper part of the rock glacier,in the lower portion it is almost unnoticed;and in both parts the internal temperature shows a tendency towards positive values as depth increases,a situation that predominates throughout the year.In addition,according to the records of the climatological station located in the lower part of the rock glacier,although the annual rainfall regime could be favorable for the formation and feeding of interstitial or segregated ice,the air temperature conditions throughout the year prevent permanent freezing.The sum of the above determines that at present the“Nevado”could be considered as an inactive and relict-type rock glacier;the presence of vegetation on the surface of the debris that make it up corroborates its inactivity.展开更多
Cobalt-based catalysts were regarded as highly effective for pollutant degradation through peroxymono-sulfate activation.Nevertheless,conventional synthesis methods for cobalt-based catalysts were associ-ated with iss...Cobalt-based catalysts were regarded as highly effective for pollutant degradation through peroxymono-sulfate activation.Nevertheless,conventional synthesis methods for cobalt-based catalysts were associ-ated with issues of cobalt ion leakage,which posed a risk of secondary environmental contamination.Addressing this issue,a novel cobalt-based catalyst,CoS nanoparticles,was biosynthesized by Shewanella algae and designated as SA@CoS.SA@CoS,a nanoflower coated with proteins/peptides,contained a sig-nificant number of sulfur vacancies.Compared to chemically synthesized CoS,SA@CoS exhibited lower cobalt ion release(0.13 mg/L)and higher catalytic activity.Based on this,SA@CoS was employed to de-grade Rhodamine B(RhB)and tetracycline(TC)by activating peroxymonosulfate.The results indicated that the degradation efficiencies of RhB and TC could reach 99.9%and 90.5%within 10 min,respec-tively.Further analyses revealed that both radical(·O_(2)^(-),·OH and SO_(4)^(·-))and non-radical(_(1)O_(2))pathways were involved in the degradation of RhB and TC,with the non-radical pathway dominating the degra-dation process.This work not only offered a facile approach for the biosynthesis of stable cobalt-based catalysts,but also underscored the immense potential of biogenic nano-catalysts in the realm of environ-mental remediation.展开更多
Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive exa...Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.展开更多
Thetechnical,economic,and environmental performance of solar hot-water(SWH)systems for Swedish residential apartments—where approximately 80%of household energy is devoted to space heating and sanitary hotwater produ...Thetechnical,economic,and environmental performance of solar hot-water(SWH)systems for Swedish residential apartments—where approximately 80%of household energy is devoted to space heating and sanitary hotwater production—was assessed.Two collector types,flat plate(FP)and evacuated tube(ET),were simulated in TSOL Pro 5.5 for five major cities(Stockholm,Goteborg,Malmo,Uppsala,Linkoping).Climatic data and cold-water temperatures were sourced fromMeteonorm7.1,and economic parameters were derived fromrecent national statistics and literature.All calculations explicitly accounted for heat losses from collectors,storage tanks,and internal and external piping systems,and established solar-fraction equations and NPV methodology were applied.Sensitivity analyseswere conducted to determine optimal collector area and hot-water storage volume.Additionally,a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis(10,000 iterations,±10%)and break-even subsidy/carbon-credit assessments were performed.The discount rate for NPV calculations was set at 0% for capital interest with a 5%reinvestment return over a 25-year lifespan.The highest annual solar heat yield(8017.5 kWh)was obtained in Malmo with 32 m^(2) of ET collectors,meeting 52.7%of total heating demand.Annual CO_(2) emissions were avoided by FP and ET systems by approximately~9.07 and~10.55 tonnes,respectively.Economic analysis showed that no payback was achieved without government allowance;however,at a$0.05/m^(2) allowance,positive NPV was exhibited at all stations.Lower levelized heat costs were delivered by FP systems,while ET systems demonstrated consistent superiority under climatic and economic variability according to the Monte Carlo analysis.Optimal design parameters were identified as 32 collectors and a 1680 L heating buffer tank,and Sankey diagrams highlighted collector losses as the dominant inefficiency.It was concluded that properly designed SWH systems,when supported by targeted subsidies,can significantly reduce fossil-fuel demand and CO_(2) emissions in Swedish residential buildings.This work provides the first city-specific technical–economic–environmental dataset for Sweden,establishes a foundation for a national solar-heating atlas,and informs policymaking toward 100%renewable energy targets;beyond the baseline evaluation,explicit subsidy and carbon-price thresholds,quantified uncertainty ranges,and loss-flow visualizations are also provided,reinforcing the robustness and policy relevance of the findings.展开更多
Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tra...Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.展开更多
The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss...The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss from rice production in China reached approximately 2.6×109 kg from 2011 to 2015,and we demonstrate that adoption of the mechanically dense transplanting technique by producers is an effective method to reduce N loss from rice cropping systems without suffering a yield penalty.展开更多
On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modem urban road traffic development planning, the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme, the exte...On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modem urban road traffic development planning, the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme, the extended scheme and the environmental protection scheme. This study from different perspectives designed the alternatives for Changchun＇s county-level road and urban road system planning, and used the method of System Dynamics to simulate, optimize and analyze those alternatives. Thereafter, some methods including the correlation function method were used to comprehensively assess and rank those alternatives for recommending two best alternatives with the consideration to the indicators, such as the total emission amount of CO, the total emission amount of nitrogen oxides, the noise value, the road construction cost, the fossil oil consumption and the traffic capacity. The result showed that the study would provide substantial supports for decision-makers to make more scientific decisions and promote the sustainable urban traffic in Changchun City.展开更多
In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relatio...In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.展开更多
Vascular endothelium plays an important role in regulating vascular homeostasis. Over the past years, it has become clear that endothelial dysfunction is a key event of pathophysiological changes in the initiation and...Vascular endothelium plays an important role in regulating vascular homeostasis. Over the past years, it has become clear that endothelial dysfunction is a key event of pathophysiological changes in the initiation and progression of injuries induced by extreme environmental factors. The present review summarizes current understanding of vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by hypoxia, cold and heat, and provides the information for prevention and treatment of environmental exposure injuries.展开更多
Brackish water (BW) desalination is a primary path to relieve the shortage of water. As one of the BW desalination methods, reverse osmosis (RO) technology has advantage for both technology and process procedure. The ...Brackish water (BW) desalination is a primary path to relieve the shortage of water. As one of the BW desalination methods, reverse osmosis (RO) technology has advantage for both technology and process procedure. The expounding of this research studied or reviewed recent years, reverse osmosis membrane, energy recovery, new energy and application technology in BW desalination of RO at home and abroad. Wind power and solar energy can be combined with energy recovery device for RO. The research also explains that BW desalination by RO is practical and feasible in some areas in China.展开更多
Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated...Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments.The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of^0.06 mg OC/(m^2·km)(R^2=0.23,P<0.01).Distinct low OC loadings(0.09±0.04 mg OC/m^2)were observed in the Yap Trench,with the lowest values as^0.02 mg OC/m^2.A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m^2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas.Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC(δ13C^-20.4‰to-18.6‰)dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone.In contrast,terrestrial OC withδ13C values of approximately-27.4‰to-20.5‰was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone.The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments,and only approximately 30%of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried.The value is equivalent to 0.066%of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average(~0.3%).Overall,the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated,despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.展开更多
The principles and procedures for integrated environmental assessment(IEA) based on the specific urban conditions and Chinese characteristics have been developed. The development processes and the general principles a...The principles and procedures for integrated environmental assessment(IEA) based on the specific urban conditions and Chinese characteristics have been developed. The development processes and the general principles and procedures are presented in this paper. Indicators and methods for IEA may vary from case to case, but guidelines for selection of indicators and methods may be applicable for a specific case, so they are also introduced. Although great progress has been made in IEA, there is still a lot for future development. Prospects are presented as follows: (1) IEA at strategic level; (2) mechanisms for public involvement; (3) post project analysis; (4) cumulative impact assessment; and (5) application of new approaches such as expert system and GIS in IEA.展开更多
Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coas...Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.展开更多
The glacial history of Pico de Orizaba indicates that during the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap covered up to~3000 m asl;due to the air temperature increasing,its main glacier has retreated to 5050 m asl.The retracti...The glacial history of Pico de Orizaba indicates that during the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap covered up to~3000 m asl;due to the air temperature increasing,its main glacier has retreated to 5050 m asl.The retraction of the glacier has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high frequency of freeze-thaw cycles of great intensity;the resulting geomorphological processes are represented by the fragmentation of the bedrock that occupies the upper parts of the mountain.There is a notable lack of studies regarding the fragmentation and erosion occurring in tropical high mountains,and the associated geomorphological risks;for this reason,as a first stage of future continuous research,this study analyzes the freezing and thawing cycles that occur above 4000 m asl,through continuous monitoring of surface ground temperature.The results allow us to identify and characterize four zones:glacial,paraglacial,periglacial and proglacial.It was found that the paraglacial zone presents an intense drop of temperature,of up to~9℃ in only sixty minutes.The rock fatigue and intense freeze-thaw cycles that occur in this area are responsible for the high rate of rock disintegration and represent the main factor of the constant slope dynamics that occur at the site.This activity decreases,both in frequency and intensity,according to the distance to the glacier,which is where the temperature presents a certain degree of stability,until reaching the proglacial zone,where cycles are almost non-existent,and therefore there is no gelifraction activity.The geomorphological processes have resulted in significant alterations to the mountain slopes,which can have severe consequences in terms of risk and water.展开更多
Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physio...Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physiological traits in comparison to city-avoiders or conspecific individual frequenting less urbanized or rural environments.A trait of high importance,the plumage color polymorphism has been selected as the main study model and was correlated with different morphological and physiological parameters to highlight its importance in determining the possible health status of urban Feral Pigeons(Columba livia)in North African urban habitats.Methods:Different body morphometrics,hematological and hemoparasitic parameters were quantified on freeliving Feral Pigeons in urban environments of northern Algeria.Moreover,plumage melanin-based coloration(MBC)was measured and the data collected at the individual scale was correlated with the previous parameters using linear and non-linear modeling approaches.Results:Plumage MBC scores of the sampled Feral Pigeons ranged between 0.3%and 74.8%.Among the 12 morphological traits measured,body weight,tail length and total length were deemed to be positively correlated with MBC.Darker morphs appeared to have more hemoparasites compared to lighter pigeons.Quite the same observation goes with the immunity but with non-linear trends.The number of monocytes and granulocytes increased with the increase in MBC levels in lighter morphs,while pigeons with high MBC scores exhibited negative relationships between MBC levels and the number of white blood cells.Conclusions:Despite the existence of a number of studies demonstrating phenotypic directional selection,further studies are undoubtedly necessary to understand in detail the underlying mechanisms in species life-history strategies between differently colored individuals.Findings of this correlative study open exciting perspectives revealing that MBC can be considered a good indicator of and health status and adaptation strategies to changes in urban environments.展开更多
First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee memb...First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,展开更多
Preventing water flow through the marshes in southern Iraq was a policy of the previous regime in Iraq during 1990’s. This phenomena lead to tremendous structural changes in ecosystems, however after 2003 rehabilitat...Preventing water flow through the marshes in southern Iraq was a policy of the previous regime in Iraq during 1990’s. This phenomena lead to tremendous structural changes in ecosystems, however after 2003 rehabilitation policy applied to the area was implementd in order to re-establish marshes ecosystems. In this study, a zooplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (Z-IBI) was measured for the first time in different sites in the Iraqi marshes. The following eight metrics were used: zooplankton ratio, relative abundance of Calanoid, relative abundance of Cyclopoid, relative abundance of Cladocera, relative abundance of Rotifera, biomass of tolerant species, biomass of sensitive species, and ratio of zooplankton biomass to phytoplankton biomass. Results of application of Z-IBI on the Iraqi marshes in this study indicate a slight improvement of water quality in the central marshes and degradation in other parts of the marshes. This work may fill part of the existing research gap in the application of the IBI index in Iraqi inland waters to illustrate the effects of previous deterioration in water quality.展开更多
文摘In contrast to glaciological studies in Mexico,periglacial studies are very recent and limited to the analysis of the general permafrost cover in the high mountains of the country.Although some of the studies on the reconstruction of Pleistocene glaciers in Mexico mention the existence of rock glaciers,to date no work has been done to study their physical properties or determining their state of conservation.Since rock glaciers are the most important visible indicators of mountain permafrost(along with features such as gelifluction lobes and patterned ground)and given that the“Nevado”rock glacier is the main example of its kind in Mexico,this study analyzes its internal temperature and assesses its state of conservation.The investigation was carried out by drilling and thermal monitoring of rock profiles as well as air.The results indicate that at present,the“Nevado”seems to lack permafrost inside.Although there is evidence of surface freezing during the winter months in the upper part of the rock glacier,in the lower portion it is almost unnoticed;and in both parts the internal temperature shows a tendency towards positive values as depth increases,a situation that predominates throughout the year.In addition,according to the records of the climatological station located in the lower part of the rock glacier,although the annual rainfall regime could be favorable for the formation and feeding of interstitial or segregated ice,the air temperature conditions throughout the year prevent permanent freezing.The sum of the above determines that at present the“Nevado”could be considered as an inactive and relict-type rock glacier;the presence of vegetation on the surface of the debris that make it up corroborates its inactivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42376204)the Shandong Provin-cial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2022MD023)+3 种基金the Interna-tional Partnership Program by Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.058GJHZ2023058FN)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Pro-gram by CAST(No.YESS20210201)the Key R&D Program of Shan-dong Province,China(Nos.2022CXPT027 and 2023CXPT008)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Guike AA23026007).
文摘Cobalt-based catalysts were regarded as highly effective for pollutant degradation through peroxymono-sulfate activation.Nevertheless,conventional synthesis methods for cobalt-based catalysts were associ-ated with issues of cobalt ion leakage,which posed a risk of secondary environmental contamination.Addressing this issue,a novel cobalt-based catalyst,CoS nanoparticles,was biosynthesized by Shewanella algae and designated as SA@CoS.SA@CoS,a nanoflower coated with proteins/peptides,contained a sig-nificant number of sulfur vacancies.Compared to chemically synthesized CoS,SA@CoS exhibited lower cobalt ion release(0.13 mg/L)and higher catalytic activity.Based on this,SA@CoS was employed to de-grade Rhodamine B(RhB)and tetracycline(TC)by activating peroxymonosulfate.The results indicated that the degradation efficiencies of RhB and TC could reach 99.9%and 90.5%within 10 min,respec-tively.Further analyses revealed that both radical(·O_(2)^(-),·OH and SO_(4)^(·-))and non-radical(_(1)O_(2))pathways were involved in the degradation of RhB and TC,with the non-radical pathway dominating the degra-dation process.This work not only offered a facile approach for the biosynthesis of stable cobalt-based catalysts,but also underscored the immense potential of biogenic nano-catalysts in the realm of environ-mental remediation.
文摘Curtain wall systems have evolved from aesthetic facade elements into multifunctional building envelopes that actively contribute to energy efficiency and climate responsiveness.This reviewpresents a comprehensive examination of curtain walls from an energy-engineering perspective,highlighting their structural typologies(Stick and Unitized),material configurations,and integration with smart technologies such as electrochromic glazing,parametric design algorithms,and Building Management Systems(BMS).Thestudy explores the thermal,acoustic,and solar performance of curtain walls across various climatic zones,supported by comparative analyses and iconic case studies including Apple Park,Burj Khalifa,and Milad Tower.Key challenges—including installation complexity,high maintenance costs,and climate sensitivity—are critically assessed alongside proposed solutions.A central innovation of this work lies in framing curtain walls not only as passive architectural elements but as dynamic interfaces that modulate energy flows,reduce HVAC loads,and enhance occupant comfort.The reviewed data indicate that optimized curtain wall configurations—especially those integrating electrochromic glazing and BIPV modules—can achieve annual energy consumption reductions ranging fromapproximately 5%to 27%,depending on climate,control strategy,and facade typology.The findings offer a valuable reference for architects,energy engineers,and decision-makers seeking to integrate high-performance facades into future-ready building designs.
文摘Thetechnical,economic,and environmental performance of solar hot-water(SWH)systems for Swedish residential apartments—where approximately 80%of household energy is devoted to space heating and sanitary hotwater production—was assessed.Two collector types,flat plate(FP)and evacuated tube(ET),were simulated in TSOL Pro 5.5 for five major cities(Stockholm,Goteborg,Malmo,Uppsala,Linkoping).Climatic data and cold-water temperatures were sourced fromMeteonorm7.1,and economic parameters were derived fromrecent national statistics and literature.All calculations explicitly accounted for heat losses from collectors,storage tanks,and internal and external piping systems,and established solar-fraction equations and NPV methodology were applied.Sensitivity analyseswere conducted to determine optimal collector area and hot-water storage volume.Additionally,a Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis(10,000 iterations,±10%)and break-even subsidy/carbon-credit assessments were performed.The discount rate for NPV calculations was set at 0% for capital interest with a 5%reinvestment return over a 25-year lifespan.The highest annual solar heat yield(8017.5 kWh)was obtained in Malmo with 32 m^(2) of ET collectors,meeting 52.7%of total heating demand.Annual CO_(2) emissions were avoided by FP and ET systems by approximately~9.07 and~10.55 tonnes,respectively.Economic analysis showed that no payback was achieved without government allowance;however,at a$0.05/m^(2) allowance,positive NPV was exhibited at all stations.Lower levelized heat costs were delivered by FP systems,while ET systems demonstrated consistent superiority under climatic and economic variability according to the Monte Carlo analysis.Optimal design parameters were identified as 32 collectors and a 1680 L heating buffer tank,and Sankey diagrams highlighted collector losses as the dominant inefficiency.It was concluded that properly designed SWH systems,when supported by targeted subsidies,can significantly reduce fossil-fuel demand and CO_(2) emissions in Swedish residential buildings.This work provides the first city-specific technical–economic–environmental dataset for Sweden,establishes a foundation for a national solar-heating atlas,and informs policymaking toward 100%renewable energy targets;beyond the baseline evaluation,explicit subsidy and carbon-price thresholds,quantified uncertainty ranges,and loss-flow visualizations are also provided,reinforcing the robustness and policy relevance of the findings.
文摘Annual haze in Northern Thailand has become increasingly severe,impacting health and the environment.How-ever,the sources of the haze remain poorly quantified due to limited observational data on aerosol molecular tracers.This study comprehensively investigates chemical composition of PM_(2.5),including both inorganic and organic compounds throughout haze and post-haze periods in 2019 at a rural site of Northern Thailand.Average PM_(2.5) concentrations during haze and post-haze period were 87±36 and 21±11μg/m^(3),respectively.Organic matter was the dominant contributor in PM_(2.5) mass,followed by water soluble inorganic ions and mineral dust.Molecular markers,including levoglucosan,dehydroabietic acid,and 4-nitrocatechol,and ions(Cl^(-),and K^(+)),were used to characterize low haze(PM_(2.5)<100μg/m^(3))and episodic haze(PM_(2.5)>100μg/m^(3)).Low haze is associated with local aerosols from agricultural waste burning,while episodic haze is linked to aged aerosols from mixed agricultural waste,softwood,and hardwood burning.Source apportionment incorporating these molecular markers in receptor modelling(Positive matrix factorization),identified three distinct biomass burning sources:mixed,local,and aged biomass burnings,contributing 31,19 and 13%of PM_(2.5) during haze period.During post-haze period,contributions shifted,with local biomass burning(32%)comparable to secondary sulfate(34%)and mixed dust and traffic sources(26%).These findings demonstrate that both regional and local sources con-tribute to severe haze,highlighting the need for integrated policies for cross-border cooperation as well as stricter regulations to reduce biomass burning in Northern Thailand and Southeast Asia.
基金This work was supported by the National R&D Program of China(2017YFD0301503)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-O1).
文摘The high nitrogen(N)application rates typically used in Chinese cropping systems have led to diminishing returns for yields and have also imposed substantial environmental costs.Here,we estimate that the annual N loss from rice production in China reached approximately 2.6×109 kg from 2011 to 2015,and we demonstrate that adoption of the mechanically dense transplanting technique by producers is an effective method to reduce N loss from rice cropping systems without suffering a yield penalty.
基金Under the auspices of Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2005CB724205)Science Foundation Programme for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University (No. 20070503)
文摘On analyzing the achievement of the goal in the modem urban road traffic development planning, the alternative of Strategic Environmental Assessment for urban traffic planning should include the basic scheme, the extended scheme and the environmental protection scheme. This study from different perspectives designed the alternatives for Changchun＇s county-level road and urban road system planning, and used the method of System Dynamics to simulate, optimize and analyze those alternatives. Thereafter, some methods including the correlation function method were used to comprehensively assess and rank those alternatives for recommending two best alternatives with the consideration to the indicators, such as the total emission amount of CO, the total emission amount of nitrogen oxides, the noise value, the road construction cost, the fossil oil consumption and the traffic capacity. The result showed that the study would provide substantial supports for decision-makers to make more scientific decisions and promote the sustainable urban traffic in Changchun City.
基金Major consultation programs of Chinese Academy of EngineeringKey Scientific and Technological Pro-grams of the Ministry of Education, No.105042"973" Project,No.G1999043601
文摘In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.
基金was supported by grants from the State 973 Research Project(2012CB518206)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171870)the State Key Research Project of China(AWS11J003)
文摘Vascular endothelium plays an important role in regulating vascular homeostasis. Over the past years, it has become clear that endothelial dysfunction is a key event of pathophysiological changes in the initiation and progression of injuries induced by extreme environmental factors. The present review summarizes current understanding of vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by hypoxia, cold and heat, and provides the information for prevention and treatment of environmental exposure injuries.
文摘Brackish water (BW) desalination is a primary path to relieve the shortage of water. As one of the BW desalination methods, reverse osmosis (RO) technology has advantage for both technology and process procedure. The expounding of this research studied or reviewed recent years, reverse osmosis membrane, energy recovery, new energy and application technology in BW desalination of RO at home and abroad. Wind power and solar energy can be combined with energy recovery device for RO. The research also explains that BW desalination by RO is practical and feasible in some areas in China.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41606090)the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China(No.2015CB755904)the Scientifi c Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography(MNR)(Nos.JG1624,JG1516)。
文摘Knowledge about organic carbon loadings(ratio of sedimentary organic carbon(SOC)content to specific surface area(SSA))and the fate of organic carbon(OC)is critical to understand the marine carbon cycle.We investigated the variations in the patterns of OC loadings and the preservation capacities of sedimentary OC in the Yap Trench and other marine environments.The average OC loading in sediment cores from various marine environments decreases with increasing water depth at a rate of^0.06 mg OC/(m^2·km)(R^2=0.23,P<0.01).Distinct low OC loadings(0.09±0.04 mg OC/m^2)were observed in the Yap Trench,with the lowest values as^0.02 mg OC/m^2.A further comparative analysis indicated that OC/SSA=0.2 mg OC/m^2 is a good indicator to distinguish between oxic deep-sea regions and suboxic energetic deltaic areas.Regression analysis between OC loading and bulk carbon isotope compositions indicates that marine OC(δ13C^-20.4‰to-18.6‰)dominates the lost OC within the Yap Trench and does not differ from that of the abyssal zone.In contrast,terrestrial OC withδ13C values of approximately-27.4‰to-20.5‰was the major source of remineralized OC in the sublittoral zone.The ratios of OC loadings in the bottom layer relative to those in the top layers of sediment cores indicate that the preservation capacities of hadal trenches are much lower than those of other environments,and only approximately 30%of the SOC deposited in hadal trenches is finally buried.The value is equivalent to 0.066%of the primary production-derived OC and much lower than the global ocean average(~0.3%).Overall,the hadal zone exhibits the lowest OC loading and preservation capacity of SOC of the different marine environments investigated,despite the occurrence of a notable funneling effect.
文摘The principles and procedures for integrated environmental assessment(IEA) based on the specific urban conditions and Chinese characteristics have been developed. The development processes and the general principles and procedures are presented in this paper. Indicators and methods for IEA may vary from case to case, but guidelines for selection of indicators and methods may be applicable for a specific case, so they are also introduced. Although great progress has been made in IEA, there is still a lot for future development. Prospects are presented as follows: (1) IEA at strategic level; (2) mechanisms for public involvement; (3) post project analysis; (4) cumulative impact assessment; and (5) application of new approaches such as expert system and GIS in IEA.
文摘Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA.
基金support from the Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico (DGAPA)the support by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundationpart of the SIREI project num 531062023178 developed at CCT-UV
文摘The glacial history of Pico de Orizaba indicates that during the Last Glacial Maximum,its icecap covered up to~3000 m asl;due to the air temperature increasing,its main glacier has retreated to 5050 m asl.The retraction of the glacier has left behind an intense climatic instability that causes a high frequency of freeze-thaw cycles of great intensity;the resulting geomorphological processes are represented by the fragmentation of the bedrock that occupies the upper parts of the mountain.There is a notable lack of studies regarding the fragmentation and erosion occurring in tropical high mountains,and the associated geomorphological risks;for this reason,as a first stage of future continuous research,this study analyzes the freezing and thawing cycles that occur above 4000 m asl,through continuous monitoring of surface ground temperature.The results allow us to identify and characterize four zones:glacial,paraglacial,periglacial and proglacial.It was found that the paraglacial zone presents an intense drop of temperature,of up to~9℃ in only sixty minutes.The rock fatigue and intense freeze-thaw cycles that occur in this area are responsible for the high rate of rock disintegration and represent the main factor of the constant slope dynamics that occur at the site.This activity decreases,both in frequency and intensity,according to the distance to the glacier,which is where the temperature presents a certain degree of stability,until reaching the proglacial zone,where cycles are almost non-existent,and therefore there is no gelifraction activity.The geomorphological processes have resulted in significant alterations to the mountain slopes,which can have severe consequences in terms of risk and water.
基金supported by the DGRSDT and MESRS(Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Algeria)。
文摘Background:Ecological functions and processes in urban ecosystems are governed by various human activities.City-adapted and city-exploiting animal species are expected to present certain specific behavioral and physiological traits in comparison to city-avoiders or conspecific individual frequenting less urbanized or rural environments.A trait of high importance,the plumage color polymorphism has been selected as the main study model and was correlated with different morphological and physiological parameters to highlight its importance in determining the possible health status of urban Feral Pigeons(Columba livia)in North African urban habitats.Methods:Different body morphometrics,hematological and hemoparasitic parameters were quantified on freeliving Feral Pigeons in urban environments of northern Algeria.Moreover,plumage melanin-based coloration(MBC)was measured and the data collected at the individual scale was correlated with the previous parameters using linear and non-linear modeling approaches.Results:Plumage MBC scores of the sampled Feral Pigeons ranged between 0.3%and 74.8%.Among the 12 morphological traits measured,body weight,tail length and total length were deemed to be positively correlated with MBC.Darker morphs appeared to have more hemoparasites compared to lighter pigeons.Quite the same observation goes with the immunity but with non-linear trends.The number of monocytes and granulocytes increased with the increase in MBC levels in lighter morphs,while pigeons with high MBC scores exhibited negative relationships between MBC levels and the number of white blood cells.Conclusions:Despite the existence of a number of studies demonstrating phenotypic directional selection,further studies are undoubtedly necessary to understand in detail the underlying mechanisms in species life-history strategies between differently colored individuals.Findings of this correlative study open exciting perspectives revealing that MBC can be considered a good indicator of and health status and adaptation strategies to changes in urban environments.
文摘First of all, it is my honor to announce that Professor X. Chris Le has been appointed the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Environmental Sciences （JES） after an international search and selection by the committee members of the Research Center of Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Hongxiao Tang,
文摘Preventing water flow through the marshes in southern Iraq was a policy of the previous regime in Iraq during 1990’s. This phenomena lead to tremendous structural changes in ecosystems, however after 2003 rehabilitation policy applied to the area was implementd in order to re-establish marshes ecosystems. In this study, a zooplankton Index of Biotic Integrity (Z-IBI) was measured for the first time in different sites in the Iraqi marshes. The following eight metrics were used: zooplankton ratio, relative abundance of Calanoid, relative abundance of Cyclopoid, relative abundance of Cladocera, relative abundance of Rotifera, biomass of tolerant species, biomass of sensitive species, and ratio of zooplankton biomass to phytoplankton biomass. Results of application of Z-IBI on the Iraqi marshes in this study indicate a slight improvement of water quality in the central marshes and degradation in other parts of the marshes. This work may fill part of the existing research gap in the application of the IBI index in Iraqi inland waters to illustrate the effects of previous deterioration in water quality.
