Cold sintering as a new technology for the fabrication of ceramic composites could overcome the shortcomings of traditional high temperature sintering approach and achieve dense structure in the composite at a relativ...Cold sintering as a new technology for the fabrication of ceramic composites could overcome the shortcomings of traditional high temperature sintering approach and achieve dense structure in the composite at a relatively low temperature(<200℃).In this work,a shape stabilization phase change composite is fabricated and investigated by dint of such new fabrication approach,in which a mixed nitrate salt of NaNO_(3)-KNO_(3) is used as phase change material and magnesia powder is acted as structure skeleton.Using of deionized water as sintering additive,the effects of sintering agent content,sintering temperature,uniaxial pressure and time on the composite microstructure characteristics and macroscopic properties are evaluated.The results show that the liquid salt could be effectively accommodated in the magnesia skeleton,forming a dense and stable structure in the composite.There is existence of optimal cold sintering parameters at which a benign combination of mechanical strength and thermal cycling performance could be attained in the composite.Under the sintering temperature of150℃,duration time of 8 min,uniaxial pressure of 150 MPa,and water mass content of 7%,the fabricated composite exhibits a heat storage density of 610 kJ/kg at its potential utilization temperature range of30℃-580℃ and a compressive strength over 240 MPa with a dense density higher than 98%,demonstrating that it can be a viable alternative used in thermal energy storage domains.展开更多
Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,maki...Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,making them ideal for applications requiring rapid energy delivery and absorption,such as electric vehicles for quick acceleration and regenerative braking.Additionally,their extended cycle life,enduring hundreds of thousands to millions of charge-discharge cycles,suits scenarios demanding consistent,long-term performance.The field of low-temperature pseudocapacitors(LTPCs)has seen significant advancements,becoming a key domain in energy storage research.This review explores the latest developments in LTPCs,highlighting their potential as efficient energy storage devices.It delves into their unique properties contributing to enhanced pseudocapacitive performance at low temperatures and dissects the electrochemical processes governing this phenomenon.Recent breakthroughs in device architectures and engineering strategies are showcased,addressing challenges like freezing-induced electrolyte degradation and reduced ion mobility.This review concludes by outlining potential research directions and key challenges for advancing LTPCs towards practical,widespread applications.It serves as a valuable resource for scientists,engineers,and policymakers,guiding the future development of energy storage technologies tailored for low-temperature environments.展开更多
Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great chall...Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge,such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling.Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping.For the carbon skeleton,how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes.Herein,we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating.The roles of conductivity,defects,oxygen content,and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail.Based on interface engineering,the J1600 electrode,which has abundant Na-C species on its surface,showed the highest sodiophilic.There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer.This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.展开更多
Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of four shell-and-tube molten salt electric heaters with different perforation rates was conducted.Shell-and-tube electric heaters have the same geom...Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of four shell-and-tube molten salt electric heaters with different perforation rates was conducted.Shell-and-tube electric heaters have the same geometry and tube arrangement,and all of them use single segmental baffles,but there exist four different baffle openings(φ),i.e.,0%,2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%.The results indicated that the reasonable baffle opening could significantly reduce the shell-side pressure drop,effectively decreasing the shell-side flow dead zone area.They can eliminate the local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of electric heating tubes,but the heat transfer coefficient is slightly decreased.All perforated schemes significantly reduce shell-side pressure drop compared to the baseline solution without open holes.In particular,the φ=6.31% scheme exhibits the optimal performance among all the schemes,with a maximum reduction of up to 50.50% in shell-side pressure drop relative to the unopened holes scheme.The heat transfer coefficient is the highest for φ=0%,exhibiting a range of5.26% to 5.73%,5.14% to 5.99%,and 7.31% to 8.54% higher than φ=2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%,respectively,within the calculated range.The composite index h/(Δp)^(1/3)was higher for all open-hole solutions than that for the unopened-hole solution.The best overall performance was for φ=6.31%,which improved the composite index by15.29%to 17.18%over the unopened-hole solution.展开更多
A novel control scheme is presented to eliminate the negative effects of communication disturbances,which introduces active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)in the control strategy design to achieve the objectives o...A novel control scheme is presented to eliminate the negative effects of communication disturbances,which introduces active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)in the control strategy design to achieve the objectives of the restoration of the bus voltage and the sharing of the power even in the presence of disturbances and delays in communication.Simultaneously,its dynamic disturbance decoupling feature is used to realise the decoupling between power and voltage,so that the proposed controller only exchanges power information with its neighbours,reducing the communication burden and simplifying control structure.The control performance of the strategy is verified by employing steady-state analysis.The impact of controller parameters is studied by establishing a small signal model.Finally,both simulation cases and experimental tests prove the feasibility of this scheme.展开更多
Steam generating heat pump(SGHP)is a key technology for industrial decarbonization.For comprehensive evalu-ation of the feasibility and reliability of SGHP in different industrial sector,the work develops a thorough e...Steam generating heat pump(SGHP)is a key technology for industrial decarbonization.For comprehensive evalu-ation of the feasibility and reliability of SGHP in different industrial sector,the work develops a thorough evaluation model for assessing the performance of SGHP by considering waste heat recovery,CO_(2) trading value,and pollut-ant emission cost,in addition to the conventional evaluation criteria.This work presents a thorough comparison of the thermodynamic performance and sustainability of various types of SGHPs across different industrial sector.Additionally,the conflicting relationships between the coefficient of performance(COP)and exergy efficiency are balanced through the application of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).The results show that all the indexes of SGHP connected to an open heat pump(SGHPO)with different application sce-narios are higher than those of SGHP connected to a flash tank(SGHPF).At the most unfavorable operating condi-tion of the system,the COP minimum value is 1.31 and the exergy efficiency minimum value is 20.42%.These results indicate that replacing the coal-fired boiler with SGHP is feasible and the work could provide theoretical guidance for optimal design and equipment manufacture.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFB2406500)National Natural Science Foundation of China (52406214)。
文摘Cold sintering as a new technology for the fabrication of ceramic composites could overcome the shortcomings of traditional high temperature sintering approach and achieve dense structure in the composite at a relatively low temperature(<200℃).In this work,a shape stabilization phase change composite is fabricated and investigated by dint of such new fabrication approach,in which a mixed nitrate salt of NaNO_(3)-KNO_(3) is used as phase change material and magnesia powder is acted as structure skeleton.Using of deionized water as sintering additive,the effects of sintering agent content,sintering temperature,uniaxial pressure and time on the composite microstructure characteristics and macroscopic properties are evaluated.The results show that the liquid salt could be effectively accommodated in the magnesia skeleton,forming a dense and stable structure in the composite.There is existence of optimal cold sintering parameters at which a benign combination of mechanical strength and thermal cycling performance could be attained in the composite.Under the sintering temperature of150℃,duration time of 8 min,uniaxial pressure of 150 MPa,and water mass content of 7%,the fabricated composite exhibits a heat storage density of 610 kJ/kg at its potential utilization temperature range of30℃-580℃ and a compressive strength over 240 MPa with a dense density higher than 98%,demonstrating that it can be a viable alternative used in thermal energy storage domains.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,under award number No.52202324supported by Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+2 种基金The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Nanjing Future Energy System Research Institute independently deploys research projects E3550101We also thanks to Major Basic Research Project for Aircraft Engines and Gas Turbines(No.J2019-II-0008-0028)Xplorer Prize.
文摘Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,making them ideal for applications requiring rapid energy delivery and absorption,such as electric vehicles for quick acceleration and regenerative braking.Additionally,their extended cycle life,enduring hundreds of thousands to millions of charge-discharge cycles,suits scenarios demanding consistent,long-term performance.The field of low-temperature pseudocapacitors(LTPCs)has seen significant advancements,becoming a key domain in energy storage research.This review explores the latest developments in LTPCs,highlighting their potential as efficient energy storage devices.It delves into their unique properties contributing to enhanced pseudocapacitive performance at low temperatures and dissects the electrochemical processes governing this phenomenon.Recent breakthroughs in device architectures and engineering strategies are showcased,addressing challenges like freezing-induced electrolyte degradation and reduced ion mobility.This review concludes by outlining potential research directions and key challenges for advancing LTPCs towards practical,widespread applications.It serves as a valuable resource for scientists,engineers,and policymakers,guiding the future development of energy storage technologies tailored for low-temperature environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271799,31870570)the Science and Technology Plan of Fujian Provincial,China(3502ZCQXT2022001,2020H4026,2022G02020 and 2022H6002)the Scientific Research Start–up Funding for Special Professor of Minjiang Scholars。
文摘Sodium metal batteries(SMBs)have attracted increasing attention over time due to their abundance of sodium resources and low cost.However,the widespread application of SMBs as a viable technology remains a great challenge,such as uneven metallic deposition and dendrite formation during cycling.Carbon skeletons as sodiophilic hosts can alleviate the dendrite formation during the plating/stripping.For the carbon skeleton,how to rationalize the design sodiophilic interfaces between the sodium metal and carbon species remains key to developing desirable Na anodes.Herein,we fabricated four kinds of structural features for carbon skeletons using conventional calcination and flash Joule heating.The roles of conductivity,defects,oxygen content,and the distribution of graphite for the deposition of metallic sodium were discussed in detail.Based on interface engineering,the J1600 electrode,which has abundant Na-C species on its surface,showed the highest sodiophilic.There are uniform and rich F-Na species distributed in the inner solid electrolyte interface layer.This study investigated the different Na-deposition behavior in carbon hosts with distinct graphitic arrangements to pave the way for designing and optimizing advanced electrode materials.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2405203)Science and Technology General Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202210005016)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(2021SZD0036)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3242015)。
文摘Numerical simulations of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of four shell-and-tube molten salt electric heaters with different perforation rates was conducted.Shell-and-tube electric heaters have the same geometry and tube arrangement,and all of them use single segmental baffles,but there exist four different baffle openings(φ),i.e.,0%,2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%.The results indicated that the reasonable baffle opening could significantly reduce the shell-side pressure drop,effectively decreasing the shell-side flow dead zone area.They can eliminate the local high-temperature phenomenon on the surface of electric heating tubes,but the heat transfer coefficient is slightly decreased.All perforated schemes significantly reduce shell-side pressure drop compared to the baseline solution without open holes.In particular,the φ=6.31% scheme exhibits the optimal performance among all the schemes,with a maximum reduction of up to 50.50% in shell-side pressure drop relative to the unopened holes scheme.The heat transfer coefficient is the highest for φ=0%,exhibiting a range of5.26% to 5.73%,5.14% to 5.99%,and 7.31% to 8.54% higher than φ=2.52%,4.06%,and 6.31%,respectively,within the calculated range.The composite index h/(Δp)^(1/3)was higher for all open-hole solutions than that for the unopened-hole solution.The best overall performance was for φ=6.31%,which improved the composite index by15.29%to 17.18%over the unopened-hole solution.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52277211Start-up Fund of North China University of Technology,Grant/Award Number:110051360023XN224-24。
文摘A novel control scheme is presented to eliminate the negative effects of communication disturbances,which introduces active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)in the control strategy design to achieve the objectives of the restoration of the bus voltage and the sharing of the power even in the presence of disturbances and delays in communication.Simultaneously,its dynamic disturbance decoupling feature is used to realise the decoupling between power and voltage,so that the proposed controller only exchanges power information with its neighbours,reducing the communication burden and simplifying control structure.The control performance of the strategy is verified by employing steady-state analysis.The impact of controller parameters is studied by establishing a small signal model.Finally,both simulation cases and experimental tests prove the feasibility of this scheme.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740165)Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(2021SZD0036)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3242015).
文摘Steam generating heat pump(SGHP)is a key technology for industrial decarbonization.For comprehensive evalu-ation of the feasibility and reliability of SGHP in different industrial sector,the work develops a thorough evaluation model for assessing the performance of SGHP by considering waste heat recovery,CO_(2) trading value,and pollut-ant emission cost,in addition to the conventional evaluation criteria.This work presents a thorough comparison of the thermodynamic performance and sustainability of various types of SGHPs across different industrial sector.Additionally,the conflicting relationships between the coefficient of performance(COP)and exergy efficiency are balanced through the application of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).The results show that all the indexes of SGHP connected to an open heat pump(SGHPO)with different application sce-narios are higher than those of SGHP connected to a flash tank(SGHPF).At the most unfavorable operating condi-tion of the system,the COP minimum value is 1.31 and the exergy efficiency minimum value is 20.42%.These results indicate that replacing the coal-fired boiler with SGHP is feasible and the work could provide theoretical guidance for optimal design and equipment manufacture.
