The transmission medium of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines usually contains cor-rosive gases,which will cause serious corrosion on the inner wall of the pipelines when they coexist with water.Theref...The transmission medium of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines usually contains cor-rosive gases,which will cause serious corrosion on the inner wall of the pipelines when they coexist with water.Therefore,it is necessary to add corrosion inhibitor to form a protective film to protect the pipeline.The distribution of corrosion inhibitors in a gathering and transportation pipeline in Moxi gas field was studied by combining experiment and simulation.The Pearson function was used to calculate the experimental and simulation results,and the correlation was more than 80%,indicating a high degree of agreement.The simulation results show that:①The larger the pipe angle,filling speed and gas flow rate,the smaller the particle size,the better the distribution of corrosion inhibitor particles in the pipe.The filling amount will affect the concentration,but the distribution trend is unchanged;②A method to determine the filling mode based on the loss was proposed,and for this pipeline,the loss of corrosion inhibitor was determined to be 5.31×10^(-3) kg/s,and the flling amount was recommended to be adjusted to 2o L/h,which has certain guiding significance for the actual flling strategy of pipeline corrosion inhibitor.展开更多
The study was done to explore the potential of producing fuel briquettes that could meet the need for energy in Uganda, especially Kampala city. The primary objective of this work was to produce fuel briquettes from&l...The study was done to explore the potential of producing fuel briquettes that could meet the need for energy in Uganda, especially Kampala city. The primary objective of this work was to produce fuel briquettes from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">homogene</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ous and heterogeneous combination</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of carbonized maize cobs, Bamboo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> poles and charcoal dust. For the primary objective to be achieved, the main activities which were performed included;chopping bamboo poles, sorting maize cobs, carbonization, crushing, binder preparation, mixing, extrusion, drying and quality assessment of the fuel briquettes. The maize cobs and charcoal dust used for this work were purchased from the farmers and charcoal sellers respectively from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">districts of Luwero and Nakaseke. Bamboo poles were provided by Divine bamboo group. The homogenous combinations included 100% maize cob char, 100% bamboo char and 100% charcoal dust. Heterogeneous combinations included 75% bamboo char + 25% charcoal dust and 25% bamboo char + 75% charcoal dust. The test results for both homogenous and heterogeneous combinations of fuel briquettes had ranges of moisture content 8%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">11%, Volatile matter 12%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23%, Ash content 33%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">39%, Heating Value 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22 MJ/Kg, Fixed Carbon 30%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">51% and moisture content 8%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9%, Volatile matter 13%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19%, Ash content 27%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44%, Heating Value 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18 MJ/Kg, Fixed Carbon 30%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">51% respectively. The test results for drop re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sistance, density and Compressibility strength for both homogeneous and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> heterogeneous combinations had ranges of 7%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">56%, 214</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">941 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.077</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.544 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 12%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">28%, 869.1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">958.3 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.124</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.295</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively. These results were within the ranges reported in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">literature especially for the heterogeneous combinations. Therefore, there is the possibility to use bamboo woody feedstock in combination with other agricultural waste feedstock for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">production of fuel briquettes. We can in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crease the quality and production of fuel briquettes by using alternative </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feedstock sources rather than degrading the environment through deforestation.展开更多
Air source heat pump has insufficient heating performance under the low ambient temperature conditions;meanwhile,the thermal storage device in heat pump system has a wide range of application.This study proposes a the...Air source heat pump has insufficient heating performance under the low ambient temperature conditions;meanwhile,the thermal storage device in heat pump system has a wide range of application.This study proposes a thermal storage air source heat pump heating system(HSASHP)with a novel structure,and has established both the mathematical models and simulation models of each component of the single-stage and the thermal storage air source heat pump heating systems in MATLAB/Simulink respectively,with three operation modes proposed for the latter(i.e.,the thermal storage air source heat pump heating system);by using the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating period in Baotou,China,the heating capacity of the two heat pump systems are simulated and the economy of both systems'operation are investigated.The results show that within a 7-day heating period,the total heat production of the thermal storage heat pump unit and the single-stage heat pump unit is 442.58 kW·h and 355.68 kW·h,respectively,with HSASHP 24%higher;the average heating Coefficient of Performance(COP)of the two heat pump units is 2.11 and 1.51,respectively,with HSASHP39.74%higher;the power consumption of the two heat pump units is 202.74 kW·h and 239.74 kW·h,respectively,with HSASHP 15.44%lower.These all illustrate the effectiveness of the new structure in improving the performance of heat pump units.However,the total power consumption and operational economy of both air source heat pump heating systems do not differ significantly.展开更多
In the past two decades, the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been extensively developed, leading to the completion of several large industrial pilot oxy-fuel plants worldwide. Various types of oxy-fuel burn...In the past two decades, the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been extensively developed, leading to the completion of several large industrial pilot oxy-fuel plants worldwide. Various types of oxy-fuel burners have been designed and tested in largescale pilot plants as key components of oxy-fuel combustion. These burners face major challenges in terms of their flame stability because of their decreasing stream momentum ratio and increasing carbon dioxide concentration. However, it offers flexibility in adjusting the oxygen concentration in each burner stream. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art knowledge on oxy-coal burner design and operation in power plants. First, the combustion characteristics under oxy-fuel conditions are briefly introduced. Subsequently, the principal requirements and fundamental parameters of the oxy-coal burners are discussed. The development process of oxy-fuel burners is also presented. Moreover, a compatible design strategy and scaling-up techniques are described for oxy-coal burners developed by the authors over the past ten years. The performances of oxy-coal burners in three large pilot oxy-fuel plants worldwide are summarized and compared. Finally, concluding remarks are provided and potential research needs are suggested.展开更多
Suitable control of the humidity can contribute to electric energy savings. However, the present dehumidification system has many weak points. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has recently gained growing i...Suitable control of the humidity can contribute to electric energy savings. However, the present dehumidification system has many weak points. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has recently gained growing interest from the stand point of reducing energy consumption during dehumidification. In order to find the appropriate ionic liquids(ILs) as a desiccant for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the humidification capability of 16 types of ILs. Among the tested ILs, tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate([P4441][DMPO_4]) exhibited the best dehumidification capacity and had a less corrosive effect on four types of metals as possible piping materials. It should be noted that this [P_(4441)][DMPO_4] has a very stable nature and produced no odor while conducting the experiment and storing for over 1 year at room temperature under ambient conditions. Furthermore, it was revealed that a 77%(w/w) aqueous solution of [P4441][DMPO_4] worked as an efficient desiccant liquid for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system.展开更多
To address the energy crisis and alleviate the rising level of CO_(2)in the atmosphere,various CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been developed.The use of electro-enzyme coupling systems is a promisi...To address the energy crisis and alleviate the rising level of CO_(2)in the atmosphere,various CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been developed.The use of electro-enzyme coupling systems is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of fuels,chemicals and materials using CO_(2)as the feedstock.In this review,the recent progresses in the development of electro-enzyme coupling systems for the selective reduction of CO_(2)are systematically summarized.We first provide a brief background about the significance and challenges in the direct conversion of CO_(2)into value-added chemicals.Next,we describe the materials and strategies in the design of electrodes,as well as the common enzymes used in the electro-enzyme coupling systems.Then,we focus on the state-of-the-art routes for the electro-enzyme coupling conversion of CO_(2)into a variety of compounds(formate,CO,methanol,C≥2chemicals)by a single enzyme or multienzyme systems.The emerging approaches and materials used for the construction of electro-enzyme coupling systems to enhance the electron transfer efficiency and the catalytic activity/stability are highlighted.The main challenges and perspectives in the integration of enzymatic and electrochemical strategies are also discussed.展开更多
Terpenoids have drawn much attention to scientists in synthesizing high-performance bio-jet fuels due to their ring structures,which feature potential high densities.Here,a facile biphasic catalytic process has been d...Terpenoids have drawn much attention to scientists in synthesizing high-performance bio-jet fuels due to their ring structures,which feature potential high densities.Here,a facile biphasic catalytic process has been developed for the production of high-density tricyclic hydrocarbon biofuels from a monoterpenoid,1,8-cineole,using sulfuric acid(H2SO4)as the homogeneous catalyst.A^100%conversion of 1,8-cineole and a>40%carbon yield of cyclic dimers were achieved at 100℃within two hours.The mechanism for the acid-catalyzed conversion of 1,8-cineole to cyclic hydrocarbon dimers were explored.In particular,the formation of the diene intermediates and the following dimerization of dienes was essential to synthesize tricyclic terpene dimers.The biphasic catalytic process accelerated the deoxygenation rate and enabled the dimerization with the aid of organic solvent while controlling the reaction rates to avoid the formation of solid residues.Moreover,this process also facilitated the product separation by organic solvent extraction while enabling easy recycle of the homogenous catalysts.展开更多
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)is a typical filler used to fabricate mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)on account of its attractive advantage of high selective permeability for gas separation.However,the performance...Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)is a typical filler used to fabricate mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)on account of its attractive advantage of high selective permeability for gas separation.However,the performance is usually affected by filler aggregation due to strong interactions among fillers and weak interactions between the polymer and fillers,However,the performance is usually affected by filler aggregation due to strong interactions among fillers and weak interactions between the polymer and fillers,which will lead to a decrease of selectivity and the performance of gas separation will be strongly influenced.Herein,we modified ZIF-8 with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole to obtain ZIF-8-NH_(2),Kapton polyamide acid was selected as the polymer matrix.Results showed that the ZIF-8-NH_(2)/Kapton MMMs has a good compatibility interface between ZIF-8 and Kapton because of the covalent bridging,even the filler loading up to 45%(mass).The 45%(mass)of ZIF-8-NH_(2)/Kapton membrane showed 297 barrer(1 barrer=10^(-10)10 cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1),1 cmHg=1333.22 Pa,standard temperature and pressure)of the permeability of H_(2)and 43.9 and 62.2 of selectivities for H_(2)/N_(2)and for H_(2)/CH_(4),respectively,which are beyond the upper limit of Robeson 2008.展开更多
Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,maki...Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,making them ideal for applications requiring rapid energy delivery and absorption,such as electric vehicles for quick acceleration and regenerative braking.Additionally,their extended cycle life,enduring hundreds of thousands to millions of charge-discharge cycles,suits scenarios demanding consistent,long-term performance.The field of low-temperature pseudocapacitors(LTPCs)has seen significant advancements,becoming a key domain in energy storage research.This review explores the latest developments in LTPCs,highlighting their potential as efficient energy storage devices.It delves into their unique properties contributing to enhanced pseudocapacitive performance at low temperatures and dissects the electrochemical processes governing this phenomenon.Recent breakthroughs in device architectures and engineering strategies are showcased,addressing challenges like freezing-induced electrolyte degradation and reduced ion mobility.This review concludes by outlining potential research directions and key challenges for advancing LTPCs towards practical,widespread applications.It serves as a valuable resource for scientists,engineers,and policymakers,guiding the future development of energy storage technologies tailored for low-temperature environments.展开更多
In addition to the specific surface area,surface topography and characteristics such as the pore size,pore size distribution,and micro/mesopores ratio are factors that determine the performance of porous carbons(PCs)i...In addition to the specific surface area,surface topography and characteristics such as the pore size,pore size distribution,and micro/mesopores ratio are factors that determine the performance of porous carbons(PCs)in the fields of energy,catalysis,and adsorption.Based on the mechanism of weight loss of polyaspartic acid at high temperatures,this study provided a new method for adjusting the surface morphology of PCs by changing the cross-linking ratio of the precursor,where cross-linked polyaspartic acid was used as precursor without additional activating agents.N2 adsorption analysis indicated that the specific surface area of the obtained PCs was as high as 1458 m2·g-1,of which I 200 m2·g-1was the contribution of the microporous area and the highest pore volume was 1.13 cm3·g-1,of which the micropore volume was 0.636cm3·g-1.The thermogravimetric analysis results of the precursor,and also the scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis results of the carboniza-tion product confirmed that the prepared PCs presented multilevel pore structure,and the diameters of most pores were 0.78 and 3.97 nm;moreover,the pore size distribution was relatively uniform.This conferred the PCs the ultrahigh hydrogen adsorption capacity of up to 4.52 wt-%at 77 K and 1.13 bar,in addition to their great energy storage and catalytic potental.展开更多
Biochars were prepared by the pyrolysis of various H_(3)PO_(4) activated agricultural biomasses at 600℃and subsequently used as adsorbents for the removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP)from aqueous solution.Peanut shell-based...Biochars were prepared by the pyrolysis of various H_(3)PO_(4) activated agricultural biomasses at 600℃and subsequently used as adsorbents for the removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP)from aqueous solution.Peanut shell-based biochar(PSBC),corncob-based biochar(CCBC)and cotton-based biochar(CTBC)had high surface areas(571.0-1006.3 m^(2)/g),well-developed pore structures(mesopores with large pore volumes)and available adsorption functional groups(C=C,C-N and C-O-C).The CIP adsorption onto the biochars was investigated by batch experiments(kinetics,isotherms,thermodynamics,pH,etc.).Thermodynamics calculations showed the spontaneous(ΔG^(θ)<0)and endothermic(ΔH^(θ)>0)nature of the mechanism.In particular,CCBC exhibited high adsorption capacity(120.6 mg/g)of CIP in real lake water and it also had significant removal efficiency of other common pharmaceutical contaminants from real lake environ-ment,and even in a coexisting quintuple system.Finally,multiple interaction mechanisms of CIP adsorption onto aromatized biochar were explored combining characterization analysis and theoretical calculations.Elucidation of the mechanism of CIP adsorption onto biochar provides new insights into the assessment of the removal of pharmaceuticals from the aqueous environment.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Natural Science Foundation(2023NSFSC0422)the Petrochina's"14th Five-Year plan"Project(2021Dj2804).
文摘The transmission medium of natural gas gathering and transportation pipelines usually contains cor-rosive gases,which will cause serious corrosion on the inner wall of the pipelines when they coexist with water.Therefore,it is necessary to add corrosion inhibitor to form a protective film to protect the pipeline.The distribution of corrosion inhibitors in a gathering and transportation pipeline in Moxi gas field was studied by combining experiment and simulation.The Pearson function was used to calculate the experimental and simulation results,and the correlation was more than 80%,indicating a high degree of agreement.The simulation results show that:①The larger the pipe angle,filling speed and gas flow rate,the smaller the particle size,the better the distribution of corrosion inhibitor particles in the pipe.The filling amount will affect the concentration,but the distribution trend is unchanged;②A method to determine the filling mode based on the loss was proposed,and for this pipeline,the loss of corrosion inhibitor was determined to be 5.31×10^(-3) kg/s,and the flling amount was recommended to be adjusted to 2o L/h,which has certain guiding significance for the actual flling strategy of pipeline corrosion inhibitor.
文摘The study was done to explore the potential of producing fuel briquettes that could meet the need for energy in Uganda, especially Kampala city. The primary objective of this work was to produce fuel briquettes from</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">homogene</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ous and heterogeneous combination</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of carbonized maize cobs, Bamboo</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> poles and charcoal dust. For the primary objective to be achieved, the main activities which were performed included;chopping bamboo poles, sorting maize cobs, carbonization, crushing, binder preparation, mixing, extrusion, drying and quality assessment of the fuel briquettes. The maize cobs and charcoal dust used for this work were purchased from the farmers and charcoal sellers respectively from </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">districts of Luwero and Nakaseke. Bamboo poles were provided by Divine bamboo group. The homogenous combinations included 100% maize cob char, 100% bamboo char and 100% charcoal dust. Heterogeneous combinations included 75% bamboo char + 25% charcoal dust and 25% bamboo char + 75% charcoal dust. The test results for both homogenous and heterogeneous combinations of fuel briquettes had ranges of moisture content 8%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">11%, Volatile matter 12%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">23%, Ash content 33%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">39%, Heating Value 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">22 MJ/Kg, Fixed Carbon 30%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">51% and moisture content 8%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">9%, Volatile matter 13%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19%, Ash content 27%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">44%, Heating Value 16</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">18 MJ/Kg, Fixed Carbon 30%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">51% respectively. The test results for drop re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sistance, density and Compressibility strength for both homogeneous and</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> heterogeneous combinations had ranges of 7%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">56%, 214</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">941 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.077</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.544 N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and 12%</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">28%, 869.1</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">958.3 kg/m</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">3</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, 0.124</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.295</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N/mm</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;vertical-align:super;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively. These results were within the ranges reported in </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">literature especially for the heterogeneous combinations. Therefore, there is the possibility to use bamboo woody feedstock in combination with other agricultural waste feedstock for </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">production of fuel briquettes. We can in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crease the quality and production of fuel briquettes by using alternative </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">feedstock sources rather than degrading the environment through deforestation.
基金financially supported by a Grant of the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2022LHMS05023)Basic Scientific Research Fund Project of Universities Directly under the Jurisdiction of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region through grants(No.0406082203,No.2024QNJS075 and No.2024QNJS012)。
文摘Air source heat pump has insufficient heating performance under the low ambient temperature conditions;meanwhile,the thermal storage device in heat pump system has a wide range of application.This study proposes a thermal storage air source heat pump heating system(HSASHP)with a novel structure,and has established both the mathematical models and simulation models of each component of the single-stage and the thermal storage air source heat pump heating systems in MATLAB/Simulink respectively,with three operation modes proposed for the latter(i.e.,the thermal storage air source heat pump heating system);by using the outdoor ambient temperature during the heating period in Baotou,China,the heating capacity of the two heat pump systems are simulated and the economy of both systems'operation are investigated.The results show that within a 7-day heating period,the total heat production of the thermal storage heat pump unit and the single-stage heat pump unit is 442.58 kW·h and 355.68 kW·h,respectively,with HSASHP 24%higher;the average heating Coefficient of Performance(COP)of the two heat pump units is 2.11 and 1.51,respectively,with HSASHP39.74%higher;the power consumption of the two heat pump units is 202.74 kW·h and 239.74 kW·h,respectively,with HSASHP 15.44%lower.These all illustrate the effectiveness of the new structure in improving the performance of heat pump units.However,the total power consumption and operational economy of both air source heat pump heating systems do not differ significantly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 51906075)Key Research and Development Program of Department of Science and Technology of Jiangxi Province(Grant No. 20223BBG74009)Science and Technology Innovation Project for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangxi Carbon Neutralization Research Center(Grant No. 2022JXST01)。
文摘In the past two decades, the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been extensively developed, leading to the completion of several large industrial pilot oxy-fuel plants worldwide. Various types of oxy-fuel burners have been designed and tested in largescale pilot plants as key components of oxy-fuel combustion. These burners face major challenges in terms of their flame stability because of their decreasing stream momentum ratio and increasing carbon dioxide concentration. However, it offers flexibility in adjusting the oxygen concentration in each burner stream. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art knowledge on oxy-coal burner design and operation in power plants. First, the combustion characteristics under oxy-fuel conditions are briefly introduced. Subsequently, the principal requirements and fundamental parameters of the oxy-coal burners are discussed. The development process of oxy-fuel burners is also presented. Moreover, a compatible design strategy and scaling-up techniques are described for oxy-coal burners developed by the authors over the past ten years. The performances of oxy-coal burners in three large pilot oxy-fuel plants worldwide are summarized and compared. Finally, concluding remarks are provided and potential research needs are suggested.
基金supported by a fund for environmental research from Tottori University
文摘Suitable control of the humidity can contribute to electric energy savings. However, the present dehumidification system has many weak points. The liquid desiccant air-conditioning system has recently gained growing interest from the stand point of reducing energy consumption during dehumidification. In order to find the appropriate ionic liquids(ILs) as a desiccant for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system, we conducted a systematic evaluation of the humidification capability of 16 types of ILs. Among the tested ILs, tributyl(methyl)phosphonium dimethyl phosphate([P4441][DMPO_4]) exhibited the best dehumidification capacity and had a less corrosive effect on four types of metals as possible piping materials. It should be noted that this [P_(4441)][DMPO_4] has a very stable nature and produced no odor while conducting the experiment and storing for over 1 year at room temperature under ambient conditions. Furthermore, it was revealed that a 77%(w/w) aqueous solution of [P4441][DMPO_4] worked as an efficient desiccant liquid for the liquid desiccant air-conditioner system.
基金the financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2105900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22122801,U22A20426)。
文摘To address the energy crisis and alleviate the rising level of CO_(2)in the atmosphere,various CO_(2)capture and utilization(CCU)technologies have been developed.The use of electro-enzyme coupling systems is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of fuels,chemicals and materials using CO_(2)as the feedstock.In this review,the recent progresses in the development of electro-enzyme coupling systems for the selective reduction of CO_(2)are systematically summarized.We first provide a brief background about the significance and challenges in the direct conversion of CO_(2)into value-added chemicals.Next,we describe the materials and strategies in the design of electrodes,as well as the common enzymes used in the electro-enzyme coupling systems.Then,we focus on the state-of-the-art routes for the electro-enzyme coupling conversion of CO_(2)into a variety of compounds(formate,CO,methanol,C≥2chemicals)by a single enzyme or multienzyme systems.The emerging approaches and materials used for the construction of electro-enzyme coupling systems to enhance the electron transfer efficiency and the catalytic activity/stability are highlighted.The main challenges and perspectives in the integration of enzymatic and electrochemical strategies are also discussed.
文摘Terpenoids have drawn much attention to scientists in synthesizing high-performance bio-jet fuels due to their ring structures,which feature potential high densities.Here,a facile biphasic catalytic process has been developed for the production of high-density tricyclic hydrocarbon biofuels from a monoterpenoid,1,8-cineole,using sulfuric acid(H2SO4)as the homogeneous catalyst.A^100%conversion of 1,8-cineole and a>40%carbon yield of cyclic dimers were achieved at 100℃within two hours.The mechanism for the acid-catalyzed conversion of 1,8-cineole to cyclic hydrocarbon dimers were explored.In particular,the formation of the diene intermediates and the following dimerization of dienes was essential to synthesize tricyclic terpene dimers.The biphasic catalytic process accelerated the deoxygenation rate and enabled the dimerization with the aid of organic solvent while controlling the reaction rates to avoid the formation of solid residues.Moreover,this process also facilitated the product separation by organic solvent extraction while enabling easy recycle of the homogenous catalysts.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278023)Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project(Z221100002722002)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2222015)the long-term from the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8(ZIF-8)is a typical filler used to fabricate mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)on account of its attractive advantage of high selective permeability for gas separation.However,the performance is usually affected by filler aggregation due to strong interactions among fillers and weak interactions between the polymer and fillers,However,the performance is usually affected by filler aggregation due to strong interactions among fillers and weak interactions between the polymer and fillers,which will lead to a decrease of selectivity and the performance of gas separation will be strongly influenced.Herein,we modified ZIF-8 with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole to obtain ZIF-8-NH_(2),Kapton polyamide acid was selected as the polymer matrix.Results showed that the ZIF-8-NH_(2)/Kapton MMMs has a good compatibility interface between ZIF-8 and Kapton because of the covalent bridging,even the filler loading up to 45%(mass).The 45%(mass)of ZIF-8-NH_(2)/Kapton membrane showed 297 barrer(1 barrer=10^(-10)10 cm^(3)·cm·cm^(-2)·s^(-1)·cmHg^(-1),1 cmHg=1333.22 Pa,standard temperature and pressure)of the permeability of H_(2)and 43.9 and 62.2 of selectivities for H_(2)/N_(2)and for H_(2)/CH_(4),respectively,which are beyond the upper limit of Robeson 2008.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,under award number No.52202324supported by Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences+2 种基金The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Nanjing Future Energy System Research Institute independently deploys research projects E3550101We also thanks to Major Basic Research Project for Aircraft Engines and Gas Turbines(No.J2019-II-0008-0028)Xplorer Prize.
文摘Supercapacitors,also known as ultracapacitors or electrochemical capacitors,play a vital role in modern energy storage and electronic systems due to their outstanding characteristics.They boast high power density,making them ideal for applications requiring rapid energy delivery and absorption,such as electric vehicles for quick acceleration and regenerative braking.Additionally,their extended cycle life,enduring hundreds of thousands to millions of charge-discharge cycles,suits scenarios demanding consistent,long-term performance.The field of low-temperature pseudocapacitors(LTPCs)has seen significant advancements,becoming a key domain in energy storage research.This review explores the latest developments in LTPCs,highlighting their potential as efficient energy storage devices.It delves into their unique properties contributing to enhanced pseudocapacitive performance at low temperatures and dissects the electrochemical processes governing this phenomenon.Recent breakthroughs in device architectures and engineering strategies are showcased,addressing challenges like freezing-induced electrolyte degradation and reduced ion mobility.This review concludes by outlining potential research directions and key challenges for advancing LTPCs towards practical,widespread applications.It serves as a valuable resource for scientists,engineers,and policymakers,guiding the future development of energy storage technologies tailored for low-temperature environments.
基金This work was supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2162031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21390202,21436002 and 21865026).
文摘In addition to the specific surface area,surface topography and characteristics such as the pore size,pore size distribution,and micro/mesopores ratio are factors that determine the performance of porous carbons(PCs)in the fields of energy,catalysis,and adsorption.Based on the mechanism of weight loss of polyaspartic acid at high temperatures,this study provided a new method for adjusting the surface morphology of PCs by changing the cross-linking ratio of the precursor,where cross-linked polyaspartic acid was used as precursor without additional activating agents.N2 adsorption analysis indicated that the specific surface area of the obtained PCs was as high as 1458 m2·g-1,of which I 200 m2·g-1was the contribution of the microporous area and the highest pore volume was 1.13 cm3·g-1,of which the micropore volume was 0.636cm3·g-1.The thermogravimetric analysis results of the precursor,and also the scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller analysis results of the carboniza-tion product confirmed that the prepared PCs presented multilevel pore structure,and the diameters of most pores were 0.78 and 3.97 nm;moreover,the pore size distribution was relatively uniform.This conferred the PCs the ultrahigh hydrogen adsorption capacity of up to 4.52 wt-%at 77 K and 1.13 bar,in addition to their great energy storage and catalytic potental.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.22068002,22178054 and 22176032)Training plan for academic and technical leaders of major disciplines in Jiangxi Province-youth talent project(grant No.20212BCj23001)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(grant No.20212ACB203002).
文摘Biochars were prepared by the pyrolysis of various H_(3)PO_(4) activated agricultural biomasses at 600℃and subsequently used as adsorbents for the removal of ciprofloxacin(CIP)from aqueous solution.Peanut shell-based biochar(PSBC),corncob-based biochar(CCBC)and cotton-based biochar(CTBC)had high surface areas(571.0-1006.3 m^(2)/g),well-developed pore structures(mesopores with large pore volumes)and available adsorption functional groups(C=C,C-N and C-O-C).The CIP adsorption onto the biochars was investigated by batch experiments(kinetics,isotherms,thermodynamics,pH,etc.).Thermodynamics calculations showed the spontaneous(ΔG^(θ)<0)and endothermic(ΔH^(θ)>0)nature of the mechanism.In particular,CCBC exhibited high adsorption capacity(120.6 mg/g)of CIP in real lake water and it also had significant removal efficiency of other common pharmaceutical contaminants from real lake environ-ment,and even in a coexisting quintuple system.Finally,multiple interaction mechanisms of CIP adsorption onto aromatized biochar were explored combining characterization analysis and theoretical calculations.Elucidation of the mechanism of CIP adsorption onto biochar provides new insights into the assessment of the removal of pharmaceuticals from the aqueous environment.
