Medical image analysis has become a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driven by the exponential growth of data from imaging modalities such as MRI,CT,PET,ultrasound,and X-ray.Traditional machine learning methods have m...Medical image analysis has become a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driven by the exponential growth of data from imaging modalities such as MRI,CT,PET,ultrasound,and X-ray.Traditional machine learning methods have made early contributions;however,recent advancements in deep learning(DL)have revolutionized the field,offering state-of-the-art performance in image classification,segmentation,detection,fusion,registration,and enhancement.This comprehensive review presents an in-depth analysis of deep learning methodologies applied across medical image analysis tasks,highlighting both foundational models and recent innovations.The article begins by introducing conventional techniques and their limitations,setting the stage for DL-based solutions.Core DL architectures,including Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs),Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),Vision Transformers(ViTs),and hybrid models,are discussed in detail,including their advantages and domain-specific adaptations.Advanced learning paradigms such as semi-supervised learning,selfsupervised learning,and few-shot learning are explored for their potential to mitigate data annotation challenges in clinical datasets.This review further categorizes major tasks in medical image analysis,elaborating on how DL techniques have enabled precise tumor segmentation,lesion detection,modality fusion,super-resolution,and robust classification across diverse clinical settings.Emphasis is placed on applications in oncology,cardiology,neurology,and infectious diseases,including COVID-19.Challenges such as data scarcity,label imbalance,model generalizability,interpretability,and integration into clinical workflows are critically examined.Ethical considerations,explainable AI(XAI),federated learning,and regulatory compliance are discussed as essential components of real-world deployment.Benchmark datasets,evaluation metrics,and comparative performance analyses are presented to support future research.The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the role of foundation models,multimodal learning,edge AI,and bio-inspired computing in the future of medical imaging.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers,clinicians,and developers aiming to harness deep learning for intelligent,efficient,and clinically viable medical image analysis.展开更多
New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI)...New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI) circuit employs a single VDTA and one grounded capacitor whereas the floating inductance (FI) circuit employs two VDTAs and one grounded capacitor. The workability of the new circuits has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configu...An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configuration employs two VDTAs along with grounded capacitors and offers the following advantageous features 1) fully and electronically independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) explicit current-mode quadrature oscillations;and 3) low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
Fifth-generation(5G)cellular networks offer high transmission rates in dense urban environments.However,a massive deployment of small cells will be required to provide wide-area coverage,which leads to an increase in ...Fifth-generation(5G)cellular networks offer high transmission rates in dense urban environments.However,a massive deployment of small cells will be required to provide wide-area coverage,which leads to an increase in the number of handovers(HOs).Mobility management is an important issue that requires considerable attention in heterogeneous networks,where 5G ultra-dense small cells coexist with current fourth-generation(4G)networks.Although mobility robustness optimization(MRO)and load balancing optimization(LBO)functions have been introduced in the 3GPP standard to address HO problems,non-robust and nonoptimal algorithms for selecting appropriate HO control parameters(HCPs)still exist,and an optimal solution is subjected to compromise between LBO and MRO functions.Thus,HO decision algorithms become inefficient.This paper proposes a conflict resolution technique to address the contradiction between MRO and LBO functions.The proposed technique exploits received signal reference power(RSRP),cell load and user speed to adapt HO margin(HM)and time to trigger(TTT).Estimated HM and TTT depend on a weighting function and HO type which is represented by user status during mobility.The proposed technique is validated with other existing algorithms from the literature.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms existing algorithms overall performance metrics.The proposed technique reduces the overall average HO ping-pong probability,HO failure rate and interruption time by more than 90%,46%and 58%,respectively,compared with the other schemes overall speed scenarios and simulation time.展开更多
New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit emplo...New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs a single VD-DIBA, one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor. The floating simulated inductance (FI) circuits employ two VD-DIBAs with two passive components (one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor). The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions where as in case of floating inductance circuits, a single matching condition is needed. Simulation results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using CMOS VD-DIBAs have been included to confirm the workability of the new circuits.展开更多
Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the node...Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time,which affects the lifetime of the network.This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability.The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(MFOA-EACO),where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm(MFOA)is used to select the best cluster head(CH)from a set of nodes,and the Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(EACO)technique is used to determine an optimal route between the cluster head and base station.The performance evaluation of our suggested hybrid approach is based on many parameters,including the number of active and dead nodes,node degree,distance,and energy usage.Our objective is to integrate MFOA-EACO to enhance energy efficiency and extend the network life of the WSN in the future.The proposed method outcomes proved to be better than traditional approaches such as Hybrid Squirrel-Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm(HSFLBOA),Hybrid Social Reindeer Optimization and Differential Evolution-Firefly Algorithm(HSRODE-FFA),Social Spider Distance Sensitive-Iterative Antlion Butterfly Cockroach Algorithm(SADSS-IABCA),and Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Strategy-Improved Social Spider Algorithm Differential Evolution(EECHS-ISSADE).展开更多
Mobile broadband(MBB)networks are expanding rapidly to deliver higher data speeds.The fifth-generation cellular network promises enhanced-MBB with high-speed data rates,low power connectivity,and ultralow latency vide...Mobile broadband(MBB)networks are expanding rapidly to deliver higher data speeds.The fifth-generation cellular network promises enhanced-MBB with high-speed data rates,low power connectivity,and ultralow latency video streaming.However,existing cellular networks are unable to perform well due to high latency and low bandwidth,which degrades the performance of various applications.As a result,monitoring and evaluation of the performance of these network-supported services is critical.Mobile network providers optimize and monitor their network performance to ensure the highest quality of service to their end-users.This paper proposes a Bayesian model to estimate the minimum opinion score(MOS)of video streaming services for any particular cellular network.The MOS is the most commonly used metric to assess the quality of experience.The proposed Bayesian model consists of several input data,namely,round-trip time,stalling load,and bite rates.It was examined and evaluated using several test data sizes with various performance metrics.Simulation results show the proposed Bayesian network achieved higher accuracy overall test data sizes than a neural network.The proposed Bayesian network obtained a remarkable overall accuracy of 90.36%and outperformed the neural network.展开更多
This antenna will be used for PMWIS （passive millimeter wave imaging system） which has 35 GHz operating frequency described as Ka Band. The antenna should work in that specific frequency because of having low attenu...This antenna will be used for PMWIS （passive millimeter wave imaging system） which has 35 GHz operating frequency described as Ka Band. The antenna should work in that specific frequency because of having low attenuation in that region according to frequency behavior in misty conditions. Antenna also should have approximately 50 ohm input impedance value so that perfect matching to the active circuits will occur. The input reflection coefficient, S11, has to be under -20 dB and the gain of the antenna, has to be over 10 dB value for better efficiency. Microstrip Vivaldi Fed Antenna provides all of the conditions for imaging system, was designed by using Antenna Magus Computer Program and later it was designed in detail with Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite Computer Program. The last format of the VFA has -23.1 dB input reflection coefficient, 48.55 ohm input impedance and 12.3 dB gain for 35 GHz OF. It is ready to connect to the LNA and detector, which are active circuits of the PMWIS. At the end, the detector will be connected to the VA and computer. The receiver of PMWIS is composed to the VFA connected to the other equipment that is defined above will scan elevation and azimuth angles, as a result; the VA will transfer the signals to the computer. Computer will show the user the scanning area image. In this system, antenna is the most important section and particular attention was given to the antenna in this study.展开更多
New voltage-controlled floating inductors employing CFOAs and an analog multiplier have been presented which have the attractive features of using a canonic number of passive components (only two resistors and a capac...New voltage-controlled floating inductors employing CFOAs and an analog multiplier have been presented which have the attractive features of using a canonic number of passive components (only two resistors and a capacitor) and not requiring any component-matching conditions and design constraints for the intended type of inductance realization. The workability and applications of the new circuits have been demonstrated by SPICE simulation and hardware experimental results based upon AD844-type CFOAs and AD633-type/MPY534 type analog multipliers.展开更多
This paper presents a new current-mode single input multi output (SIMO) type biquad employing one voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), two grounded capacitors and a single grounded resistor. The con...This paper presents a new current-mode single input multi output (SIMO) type biquad employing one voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), two grounded capacitors and a single grounded resistor. The configuration realizes all basic filter functions (i.e. Low Pass (LP), High Pass (HP), Band Pass (BP), Notch (BR) and All Pass (AP)). The natural frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) are independently tunable. The workability of proposed configuration has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration...A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration has four inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard filters from the same circuit configuration. The presented biquad filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. The validity of proposed universal biquadratic filter has been verified by SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology.展开更多
Recently, voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBA)-based electronically controllable sinusoidal oscillator has been presented that it does not have the capability of complete independence ...Recently, voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBA)-based electronically controllable sinusoidal oscillator has been presented that it does not have the capability of complete independence of frequency of oscillation (FO) and condition of oscillation (CO) as well as electronic control of both CO and FO. In this article, a new fully-uncoupled electronically controllable sinusoidal oscillator using two VD-DIBAs, two grounded capacitors and two resistors has been proposed which offers important advantages such as 1) totally uncoupled and electronically controlled condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) low active and passive sensitivities;and 3) a very good frequency stability factor. The effects of non-idealities of the VD-DIBAs on the proposed oscillator are also investigated. The validity of the proposed formulation has been confirmed by SPICE simulation with TSMC 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
This article presents an exhaustive comparative investigation into the accuracy of gender identification across diverse geographical regions,employing a deep learning classification algorithm for speech signal analysi...This article presents an exhaustive comparative investigation into the accuracy of gender identification across diverse geographical regions,employing a deep learning classification algorithm for speech signal analysis.In this study,speech samples are categorized for both training and testing purposes based on their geographical origin.Category 1 comprises speech samples from speakers outside of India,whereas Category 2 comprises live-recorded speech samples from Indian speakers.Testing speech samples are likewise classified into four distinct sets,taking into consideration both geographical origin and the language spoken by the speakers.Significantly,the results indicate a noticeable difference in gender identification accuracy among speakers from different geographical areas.Indian speakers,utilizing 52 Hindi and 26 English phonemes in their speech,demonstrate a notably higher gender identification accuracy of 85.75%compared to those speakers who predominantly use 26 English phonemes in their conversations when the system is trained using speech samples from Indian speakers.The gender identification accuracy of the proposed model reaches 83.20%when the system is trained using speech samples from speakers outside of India.In the analysis of speech signals,Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs)serve as relevant features for the speech data.The deep learning classification algorithm utilized in this research is based on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)architecture within a Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)model.展开更多
In recent years,there has been an increasing demand to improve cellular communication services in several aspects.The aspect that received the most attention is improving the quality of coverage through using smart an...In recent years,there has been an increasing demand to improve cellular communication services in several aspects.The aspect that received the most attention is improving the quality of coverage through using smart antennas which consist of array antennas.this paper investigates the main characteristics and design of the three types of array antennas of the base station for better coverage through simulation(MATLAB)which provides field and strength patterns measured in polar and rectangular coordinates for a variety of conditions including broadsides,ordinary End-fire,and increasing directivity End-fire which is typically used in smart antennas.The method of analysis was applied to twenty experiments of process design to each antenna type separately,so sixty results were obtained from the radiation pattern indicating the parameters for each radiation pattern.Moreover,nineteen design experiments were described in this section.It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will help engineers solve coverage problems as well as improve the quality of cellular communication networks.展开更多
In this manuscript we present a current mode biquad using one dual output-voltage differencing buffered amplifier (DO-VDBA) and four passive components (2 grounded capacitors and 2 resistors). The proposed circuit off...In this manuscript we present a current mode biquad using one dual output-voltage differencing buffered amplifier (DO-VDBA) and four passive components (2 grounded capacitors and 2 resistors). The proposed circuit offers very low active and passive sensitivity. The filter presented here is electronically tunable, frequency of oscillation (FO) can be tuned by controlling transconductance (gm) by varying the bias current (IB) of the circuit. The workability of proposed circuit is tested using PSPICE with 180 nm TSMC CMOS process parameters.展开更多
The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique has recently received considerable attention for wireless networks. Despite its advantages, it has a major drawback of its high Peak-to-Average Power Rat...The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique has recently received considerable attention for wireless networks. Despite its advantages, it has a major drawback of its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value which affects the system efficiency and the cost. In this paper, a proposed system is discussed to achieve 0 dB PAPR value. It depends on a proposed block, called Constant Amplitude (CA) modulation. The whole characteristic mathematical analysis is presented for the proposed system. Additionally, the complexity evolution is explained. Afterwards, many MATLAB simulation programs are executed. Time and frequency domain behaviors are presented. Furthermore, in-band distortion introduced by the proposed CA modulation is calculated in terms of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Moreover, the proposed system outperforms the conventional one when compared in terms of PAPR, equalization, and BER under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and multipath fading channels. In addition, the impact of the proposed scheme design parameter is studied.展开更多
This work presents a novel current-mode (CM) lossless integrator that uses one current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) and one grounded capacitor. The configuration based on single ...This work presents a novel current-mode (CM) lossless integrator that uses one current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) and one grounded capacitor. The configuration based on single active element has several advantages from the aspect of monolithic integration, few are: reduced power consumption, chip miniaturization. Employment of grounded capacitor is also beneficial for monolithic integration. Specifying some of the key features of integrator proposed are: 1) purely resistorless, 2) electronically tunable, 3) current output available at the port having high impedance, and 4) excellent performance under non-ideal conditions. So, a resister-less current mode lossy integrator with electronic control employing single CDDITA has been proposed in this paper. The verification of workability of the proposed current mode integrator is well explained by the help of SPICE simulations using TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm technology node.展开更多
In this paper, an application of voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (VDVTA) in the realization of voltage-mode (VM) multi-input single output (MISO) type biquad is presented. The proposed topology...In this paper, an application of voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (VDVTA) in the realization of voltage-mode (VM) multi-input single output (MISO) type biquad is presented. The proposed topology uses one VDVTA as an active element, two capacitors and a grounded resistor. The configuration realizes low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP) and notch (BR) filters without the requirement of any matching condition. The natural frequency (w0) and bandwidth (BW) are independently controllable. The proposed circuit offers low active and passive sensitivities of w0. The operation of the proposed circuit has been verified through SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.展开更多
In this paper we present a wave active filter based on Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs). The synthesis of active filters basically based on processing of wave quantities. The wave method is pre...In this paper we present a wave active filter based on Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs). The synthesis of active filters basically based on processing of wave quantities. The wave method is presented for basic building blocks of active filters i.e. a series inductor and parallel capacitor through which realization of various active circuits is made by appropriate connections. The proposed wave active filter is verified by realizing a 4th order low pass Butterworth filter using SPICE simulation with 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters.展开更多
文摘Medical image analysis has become a cornerstone of modern healthcare,driven by the exponential growth of data from imaging modalities such as MRI,CT,PET,ultrasound,and X-ray.Traditional machine learning methods have made early contributions;however,recent advancements in deep learning(DL)have revolutionized the field,offering state-of-the-art performance in image classification,segmentation,detection,fusion,registration,and enhancement.This comprehensive review presents an in-depth analysis of deep learning methodologies applied across medical image analysis tasks,highlighting both foundational models and recent innovations.The article begins by introducing conventional techniques and their limitations,setting the stage for DL-based solutions.Core DL architectures,including Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs),Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs),Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs),Vision Transformers(ViTs),and hybrid models,are discussed in detail,including their advantages and domain-specific adaptations.Advanced learning paradigms such as semi-supervised learning,selfsupervised learning,and few-shot learning are explored for their potential to mitigate data annotation challenges in clinical datasets.This review further categorizes major tasks in medical image analysis,elaborating on how DL techniques have enabled precise tumor segmentation,lesion detection,modality fusion,super-resolution,and robust classification across diverse clinical settings.Emphasis is placed on applications in oncology,cardiology,neurology,and infectious diseases,including COVID-19.Challenges such as data scarcity,label imbalance,model generalizability,interpretability,and integration into clinical workflows are critically examined.Ethical considerations,explainable AI(XAI),federated learning,and regulatory compliance are discussed as essential components of real-world deployment.Benchmark datasets,evaluation metrics,and comparative performance analyses are presented to support future research.The article concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the role of foundation models,multimodal learning,edge AI,and bio-inspired computing in the future of medical imaging.Overall,this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers,clinicians,and developers aiming to harness deep learning for intelligent,efficient,and clinically viable medical image analysis.
文摘New electronically-controllable lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTA). The proposed grounded inductance (GI) circuit employs a single VDTA and one grounded capacitor whereas the floating inductance (FI) circuit employs two VDTAs and one grounded capacitor. The workability of the new circuits has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘An electronically controllable fully uncoupled explicit current-mode quadrature oscillator employing Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs) as active elements has been presented. The proposed configuration employs two VDTAs along with grounded capacitors and offers the following advantageous features 1) fully and electronically independent control of condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) explicit current-mode quadrature oscillations;and 3) low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated by PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
基金The research leading to these results has received funding from The Research Council(TRC)of the Sultanate of Oman under the Block Funding Program with agreement no.TRC/BFP/ASU/01/2019,and it was also supported in part by the Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia(USIM),Malaysia.
文摘Fifth-generation(5G)cellular networks offer high transmission rates in dense urban environments.However,a massive deployment of small cells will be required to provide wide-area coverage,which leads to an increase in the number of handovers(HOs).Mobility management is an important issue that requires considerable attention in heterogeneous networks,where 5G ultra-dense small cells coexist with current fourth-generation(4G)networks.Although mobility robustness optimization(MRO)and load balancing optimization(LBO)functions have been introduced in the 3GPP standard to address HO problems,non-robust and nonoptimal algorithms for selecting appropriate HO control parameters(HCPs)still exist,and an optimal solution is subjected to compromise between LBO and MRO functions.Thus,HO decision algorithms become inefficient.This paper proposes a conflict resolution technique to address the contradiction between MRO and LBO functions.The proposed technique exploits received signal reference power(RSRP),cell load and user speed to adapt HO margin(HM)and time to trigger(TTT).Estimated HM and TTT depend on a weighting function and HO type which is represented by user status during mobility.The proposed technique is validated with other existing algorithms from the literature.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed technique outperforms existing algorithms overall performance metrics.The proposed technique reduces the overall average HO ping-pong probability,HO failure rate and interruption time by more than 90%,46%and 58%,respectively,compared with the other schemes overall speed scenarios and simulation time.
文摘New Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA) based lossless grounded and floating inductance simulation circuits have been proposed. The proposed grounded simulated inductance circuit employs a single VD-DIBA, one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor. The floating simulated inductance (FI) circuits employ two VD-DIBAs with two passive components (one floating resistance and one grounded capacitor). The circuit for grounded inductance does not require any realization conditions where as in case of floating inductance circuits, a single matching condition is needed. Simulation results demonstrating the applications of the new simulated inductors using CMOS VD-DIBAs have been included to confirm the workability of the new circuits.
文摘Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a collection of sensor nodes distributed in space and connected through wireless communication.The sensor nodes gather and store data about the real world around them.However,the nodes that are dependent on batteries will ultimately suffer an energy loss with time,which affects the lifetime of the network.This research proposes to achieve its primary goal by reducing energy consumption and increasing the network’s lifetime and stability.The present technique employs the hybrid Mayfly Optimization Algorithm-Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(MFOA-EACO),where the Mayfly Optimization Algorithm(MFOA)is used to select the best cluster head(CH)from a set of nodes,and the Enhanced Ant Colony Optimization(EACO)technique is used to determine an optimal route between the cluster head and base station.The performance evaluation of our suggested hybrid approach is based on many parameters,including the number of active and dead nodes,node degree,distance,and energy usage.Our objective is to integrate MFOA-EACO to enhance energy efficiency and extend the network life of the WSN in the future.The proposed method outcomes proved to be better than traditional approaches such as Hybrid Squirrel-Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm(HSFLBOA),Hybrid Social Reindeer Optimization and Differential Evolution-Firefly Algorithm(HSRODE-FFA),Social Spider Distance Sensitive-Iterative Antlion Butterfly Cockroach Algorithm(SADSS-IABCA),and Energy Efficient Clustering Hierarchy Strategy-Improved Social Spider Algorithm Differential Evolution(EECHS-ISSADE).
基金The research leading to these results has received funding from The Research Council(TRC)of the Sultanate of Oman under the Block Funding Program with Agreement No.TRC/BFP/ASU/01/2019.
文摘Mobile broadband(MBB)networks are expanding rapidly to deliver higher data speeds.The fifth-generation cellular network promises enhanced-MBB with high-speed data rates,low power connectivity,and ultralow latency video streaming.However,existing cellular networks are unable to perform well due to high latency and low bandwidth,which degrades the performance of various applications.As a result,monitoring and evaluation of the performance of these network-supported services is critical.Mobile network providers optimize and monitor their network performance to ensure the highest quality of service to their end-users.This paper proposes a Bayesian model to estimate the minimum opinion score(MOS)of video streaming services for any particular cellular network.The MOS is the most commonly used metric to assess the quality of experience.The proposed Bayesian model consists of several input data,namely,round-trip time,stalling load,and bite rates.It was examined and evaluated using several test data sizes with various performance metrics.Simulation results show the proposed Bayesian network achieved higher accuracy overall test data sizes than a neural network.The proposed Bayesian network obtained a remarkable overall accuracy of 90.36%and outperformed the neural network.
文摘This antenna will be used for PMWIS （passive millimeter wave imaging system） which has 35 GHz operating frequency described as Ka Band. The antenna should work in that specific frequency because of having low attenuation in that region according to frequency behavior in misty conditions. Antenna also should have approximately 50 ohm input impedance value so that perfect matching to the active circuits will occur. The input reflection coefficient, S11, has to be under -20 dB and the gain of the antenna, has to be over 10 dB value for better efficiency. Microstrip Vivaldi Fed Antenna provides all of the conditions for imaging system, was designed by using Antenna Magus Computer Program and later it was designed in detail with Computer Simulation Technology Studio Suite Computer Program. The last format of the VFA has -23.1 dB input reflection coefficient, 48.55 ohm input impedance and 12.3 dB gain for 35 GHz OF. It is ready to connect to the LNA and detector, which are active circuits of the PMWIS. At the end, the detector will be connected to the VA and computer. The receiver of PMWIS is composed to the VFA connected to the other equipment that is defined above will scan elevation and azimuth angles, as a result; the VA will transfer the signals to the computer. Computer will show the user the scanning area image. In this system, antenna is the most important section and particular attention was given to the antenna in this study.
文摘New voltage-controlled floating inductors employing CFOAs and an analog multiplier have been presented which have the attractive features of using a canonic number of passive components (only two resistors and a capacitor) and not requiring any component-matching conditions and design constraints for the intended type of inductance realization. The workability and applications of the new circuits have been demonstrated by SPICE simulation and hardware experimental results based upon AD844-type CFOAs and AD633-type/MPY534 type analog multipliers.
文摘This paper presents a new current-mode single input multi output (SIMO) type biquad employing one voltage differencing transconductance amplifier (VDTA), two grounded capacitors and a single grounded resistor. The configuration realizes all basic filter functions (i.e. Low Pass (LP), High Pass (HP), Band Pass (BP), Notch (BR) and All Pass (AP)). The natural frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) are independently tunable. The workability of proposed configuration has been verified using SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘A new multi function voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using single Voltage Differencing Differential Input Buffered Amplifier (VD-DIBA), two capacitors and one resistor is proposed. The proposed configuration has four inputs and one output and can realize all the five standard filters from the same circuit configuration. The presented biquad filter offers low active and passive sensitivities. The validity of proposed universal biquadratic filter has been verified by SPICE simulation using 0.35 μm MIETEC technology.
文摘Recently, voltage differencing-differential input buffered amplifiers (VD-DIBA)-based electronically controllable sinusoidal oscillator has been presented that it does not have the capability of complete independence of frequency of oscillation (FO) and condition of oscillation (CO) as well as electronic control of both CO and FO. In this article, a new fully-uncoupled electronically controllable sinusoidal oscillator using two VD-DIBAs, two grounded capacitors and two resistors has been proposed which offers important advantages such as 1) totally uncoupled and electronically controlled condition of oscillation (CO) and frequency of oscillation (FO);2) low active and passive sensitivities;and 3) a very good frequency stability factor. The effects of non-idealities of the VD-DIBAs on the proposed oscillator are also investigated. The validity of the proposed formulation has been confirmed by SPICE simulation with TSMC 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘This article presents an exhaustive comparative investigation into the accuracy of gender identification across diverse geographical regions,employing a deep learning classification algorithm for speech signal analysis.In this study,speech samples are categorized for both training and testing purposes based on their geographical origin.Category 1 comprises speech samples from speakers outside of India,whereas Category 2 comprises live-recorded speech samples from Indian speakers.Testing speech samples are likewise classified into four distinct sets,taking into consideration both geographical origin and the language spoken by the speakers.Significantly,the results indicate a noticeable difference in gender identification accuracy among speakers from different geographical areas.Indian speakers,utilizing 52 Hindi and 26 English phonemes in their speech,demonstrate a notably higher gender identification accuracy of 85.75%compared to those speakers who predominantly use 26 English phonemes in their conversations when the system is trained using speech samples from Indian speakers.The gender identification accuracy of the proposed model reaches 83.20%when the system is trained using speech samples from speakers outside of India.In the analysis of speech signals,Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients(MFCCs)serve as relevant features for the speech data.The deep learning classification algorithm utilized in this research is based on a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)architecture within a Recurrent Neural Network(RNN)model.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work under Grant Number(RGP 2/25/42),Received by Fahd N.Al-Wesabi.www.kku.edu.sa.
文摘In recent years,there has been an increasing demand to improve cellular communication services in several aspects.The aspect that received the most attention is improving the quality of coverage through using smart antennas which consist of array antennas.this paper investigates the main characteristics and design of the three types of array antennas of the base station for better coverage through simulation(MATLAB)which provides field and strength patterns measured in polar and rectangular coordinates for a variety of conditions including broadsides,ordinary End-fire,and increasing directivity End-fire which is typically used in smart antennas.The method of analysis was applied to twenty experiments of process design to each antenna type separately,so sixty results were obtained from the radiation pattern indicating the parameters for each radiation pattern.Moreover,nineteen design experiments were described in this section.It is hoped that the results obtained from this study will help engineers solve coverage problems as well as improve the quality of cellular communication networks.
文摘In this manuscript we present a current mode biquad using one dual output-voltage differencing buffered amplifier (DO-VDBA) and four passive components (2 grounded capacitors and 2 resistors). The proposed circuit offers very low active and passive sensitivity. The filter presented here is electronically tunable, frequency of oscillation (FO) can be tuned by controlling transconductance (gm) by varying the bias current (IB) of the circuit. The workability of proposed circuit is tested using PSPICE with 180 nm TSMC CMOS process parameters.
文摘The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technique has recently received considerable attention for wireless networks. Despite its advantages, it has a major drawback of its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value which affects the system efficiency and the cost. In this paper, a proposed system is discussed to achieve 0 dB PAPR value. It depends on a proposed block, called Constant Amplitude (CA) modulation. The whole characteristic mathematical analysis is presented for the proposed system. Additionally, the complexity evolution is explained. Afterwards, many MATLAB simulation programs are executed. Time and frequency domain behaviors are presented. Furthermore, in-band distortion introduced by the proposed CA modulation is calculated in terms of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). Moreover, the proposed system outperforms the conventional one when compared in terms of PAPR, equalization, and BER under Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and multipath fading channels. In addition, the impact of the proposed scheme design parameter is studied.
文摘This work presents a novel current-mode (CM) lossless integrator that uses one current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) and one grounded capacitor. The configuration based on single active element has several advantages from the aspect of monolithic integration, few are: reduced power consumption, chip miniaturization. Employment of grounded capacitor is also beneficial for monolithic integration. Specifying some of the key features of integrator proposed are: 1) purely resistorless, 2) electronically tunable, 3) current output available at the port having high impedance, and 4) excellent performance under non-ideal conditions. So, a resister-less current mode lossy integrator with electronic control employing single CDDITA has been proposed in this paper. The verification of workability of the proposed current mode integrator is well explained by the help of SPICE simulations using TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm technology node.
文摘In this paper, an application of voltage differencing voltage transconductance amplifier (VDVTA) in the realization of voltage-mode (VM) multi-input single output (MISO) type biquad is presented. The proposed topology uses one VDVTA as an active element, two capacitors and a grounded resistor. The configuration realizes low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP) and notch (BR) filters without the requirement of any matching condition. The natural frequency (w0) and bandwidth (BW) are independently controllable. The proposed circuit offers low active and passive sensitivities of w0. The operation of the proposed circuit has been verified through SPICE simulation with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.
文摘In this paper we present a wave active filter based on Voltage Differencing Transconductance Amplifiers (VDTAs). The synthesis of active filters basically based on processing of wave quantities. The wave method is presented for basic building blocks of active filters i.e. a series inductor and parallel capacitor through which realization of various active circuits is made by appropriate connections. The proposed wave active filter is verified by realizing a 4th order low pass Butterworth filter using SPICE simulation with 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters.
