In the paper “Research on Failure Occurred During Switching in Bypass Pair of Valve Base Electronics for Yulong Converter Station,”the author proposed a control strategy based on shortest job first algorithm.Shortes...In the paper “Research on Failure Occurred During Switching in Bypass Pair of Valve Base Electronics for Yulong Converter Station,”the author proposed a control strategy based on shortest job first algorithm.Shortest job first algorithm effectively avoids the false triggering that appears due to the time delay procreated in pulse frequency conversion when the switching-in of bypass pair is finished.The core idea of the control strategy is as follows:when the operation of switching-in of bypass pair is finished,the signal frequency,whether 10 kHz or 1 MHz,is not directly detected,but in the program it is previously regarded.展开更多
This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation...This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation scheme for a modulation communication transmission system,integrating RS channel coding,framing,frequency conversion,and other modules.This design is based on practical research and development requirements.The Xilinx Spartan6 chip board was used for board-level verification.Theπ/4QPSK modulated signal was transmitted via D/A conversion and radio frequency,with the transmitted waveform was looped back for reception.After A/D processing,the correctness of the designed modulation transmission scheme was verified.展开更多
To address the issue of incorrect fusion results caused by conflicting evidence due to inaccurate evidence and incomplete recognition frameworks in radar airborne target tactical intention recognition,a spatiotemporal...To address the issue of incorrect fusion results caused by conflicting evidence due to inaccurate evidence and incomplete recognition frameworks in radar airborne target tactical intention recognition,a spatiotemporal evidence fusion algorithm is proposed.To resolve the conflict evidence fusion problem caused by inaccurate evidence,the algorithm performs discounting of evidence from both spatial and temporal dimensions.Spatial discounting is influenced by both inter-evidence inconsistency and intra-evidence inconsistency,while temporal discounting is determined by time intervals and information entropy.For the problem of conflicting evidence fusion due to an incomplete recognition framework,an open recognition architecture based on dynamic composite focal elements is proposed.This approach allocates some conflicting information to temporary composite focal elements,avoiding excessive basic probability assignment(BPA)of the empty set after fusion,which can lead to deviations from the actual fusion results.Simulation experiments comparing various methods indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve target intention recognition accuracy and demonstrates good stability.展开更多
Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows rais...Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify t...BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.展开更多
A fast motion estimation algorithm for variable block-size using the ＂line scan and block merge procedure＂ is proposed for airborne image compression modules.Full hardware implementation via FPGA is discussed in det...A fast motion estimation algorithm for variable block-size using the ＂line scan and block merge procedure＂ is proposed for airborne image compression modules.Full hardware implementation via FPGA is discussed in detail.The proposed pipelined architecture based on the line scan algorithm is capable of calculating the required 41 motion vectors of various size blocks supported by H.264 within a 16 × 16 block in parallel.An adaptive rate distortion cost function is used for various size block decision.The motion vectors of adjacent small blocks are merged to predict the motion vectors of larger blocks for reducing computation.Experimental results show that our proposed method has lower computational complexity than full search algorithm with slight quality decrease and little bit rate increase.Due to the high real-time processing speed it can be easily realized in hardware.展开更多
The SG186 Project about the informatization for State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, mainly aims to build a ＂Vertical breakthrough, horizontal integration＂ platform of intbrmation integration at the enterprise ...The SG186 Project about the informatization for State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, mainly aims to build a ＂Vertical breakthrough, horizontal integration＂ platform of intbrmation integration at the enterprise level and to initially build a digitization power network and an informatization enterprise; informatization standards system is one of the significant guaranteeing factors to completely finish SG186 project as well as provides the basic condition for the entire adoption and integration of existing information systems. This article has analyzed the necessity for the establishment of inlbrmatization standards system in the first place with the brief introduction to the current research achievements of the standards system and the loop-locked Identification-Execution-Check （REC） application strategy.展开更多
In order to further analyze the micro-motion modulation signals generated by rotating components and extract micro-motion features,a modulation signal denoising algorithm based on improved variational mode decompositi...In order to further analyze the micro-motion modulation signals generated by rotating components and extract micro-motion features,a modulation signal denoising algorithm based on improved variational mode decomposition(VMD)is proposed.To improve the time-frequency performance,this method decomposes the data into narrowband signals and analyzes the internal energy and frequency variations within the signal.Genetic algorithms are used to adaptively optimize the mode number and bandwidth control parameters in the process of VMD.This approach aims to obtain the optimal parameter combination and perform mode decomposition on the micro-motion modulation signal.The optimal mode number and quadratic penalty factor for VMD are determined.Based on the optimal values of the mode number and quadratic penalty factor,the original signal is decomposed using VMD,resulting in optimal mode number intrinsic mode function(IMF)components.The effective modes are then reconstructed with the denoised modes,achieving signal denoising.Through experimental data verification,the proposed algorithm demonstrates effective denoising of modulation signals.In simulation data validation,the algorithm achieves the highest signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and exhibits the best performance.展开更多
Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor strugg...Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix,and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging.Herein,we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement,capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations.The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%,thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves.The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase.Additionally,when integrated with machine learning techniques,the sensor’s capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100%accuracy.The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli,offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.展开更多
Microstrip traveling wave tubes(TWTs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in communication,defense,and industrial systems.This paper presents a compact W-band dual-channel TWT,utiliz...Microstrip traveling wave tubes(TWTs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in communication,defense,and industrial systems.This paper presents a compact W-band dual-channel TWT,utilizing a U-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure(SWS).High-frequency characteristics are analyzed through simulation and cold tests.The results demonstrate that adjusting structural parameters effectively optimizes the S-parameters.Particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with an 18.8 kV,0.1 A electron beam predict an output power of 18 W with a gain of 14 dB.Experimental measurements of S-parameters are conducted using three substrate materials:Rogers 5880,quartz,and diamond.The quartz substrate exhibits the closest agreement with simulation results.The results advance the development of the microstrip-based TWTs for high-data-rate communication systems.展开更多
A novel substrate integrated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition operating in the W-band is proposed in this letter.The structure is a new method of connecting microstrip circuits and waveguide filters,a...A novel substrate integrated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition operating in the W-band is proposed in this letter.The structure is a new method of connecting microstrip circuits and waveguide filters,and this new structure enables a planar integrated transition from microstrip lines to ultra-thin cavity filters,thereby reducing the size of the transition structure and achieving miniaturization.The structure includes a conventional tapered microstrip transition structure,which guides the electromagnetic field from the microstrip line to the reduced-height dielectric-filled waveguide,and an air-filled matching cavity which is placed between the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter.The heights of the microstrip line,the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter are the same,enabling seamless integration within a planar radio-frequency(RF)circuit.To facilitate testing,mature finline transition structures are integrated at both ends of the microstrip line during fabrications.The simulation results of the fabricated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition with the finline transition structure,with a passband of 91.5-96.5 GHz,has an insertion loss of less than 1.9 dB and a return loss lower than-20 dB.And the whole structure has also been measured which achieves an insertion loss less than 2.6 dB and a return loss lower than-15 dB within the filter's passband,including the additional insertion loss introduced by the finline transitions.Finally,a W-band compact up-conversion module is designed,and the test results show that after using the proposed structure,the module achieves 95 dBc suppression of the 84 GHz local oscillator.It is also demonstrated that the structure proposed in this letter achieves miniaturization of the system integration without compromising the filter performance.展开更多
This paper introduces an optimized planning approach for integrating photovoltaic as distributed generation (PV-DG) into the radial distribution power systems, utilizing exhaustive load flow (ELF), loss sensitivity fa...This paper introduces an optimized planning approach for integrating photovoltaic as distributed generation (PV-DG) into the radial distribution power systems, utilizing exhaustive load flow (ELF), loss sensitivity factor (LSF), genetic algorithms (GA) methods, and numerical method based on LSF. The methodology aims to determine the optimal allocation and sizing of multiple PV-DG to minimize power loss through time series power flow analysis. An approach utilizing continuous sensitivity analysis is developed and inherently leverages power flow and loss equations to compute LSF of all buses in the system towards employing a dynamic PV-DG model for more accurate results. The algorithm uses a numerical grid search method to optimize PV-DG placement in a power distribution system, focusing on minimizing system losses. It combines iterative analysis, sensitivity assessment, and comprehensive visualization to identify and present the optimal PV-DG configurations. The present-ed algorithms are verified through co-simulation framework combining MATLAB and OpenDSS to carry out analysis for 12-bus radial distribution test system. The proposed numerical method is compared with other algorithms, such as ELF, LSF methods, and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Results show that the proposed numerical method performs well in comparison with LSF and ELF solutions.展开更多
This paper presents an optimized strategy for multiple integrations of photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) within radial distribution power systems. The proposed methodology focuses on identifying the optimal ...This paper presents an optimized strategy for multiple integrations of photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) within radial distribution power systems. The proposed methodology focuses on identifying the optimal allocation and sizing of multiple PV-DG units to minimize power losses using a probabilistic PV model and time-series power flow analysis. Addressing the uncertainties in PV output due to weather variability and diurnal cycles is critical. A probabilistic assessment offers a more robust analysis of DG integration’s impact on the grid, potentially leading to more reliable system planning. The presented approach employs a genetic algorithm (GA) and a determined PV output profile and probabilistic PV generation profile based on experimental measurements for one year of solar radiation in Cairo, Egypt. The proposed algorithms are validated using a co-simulation framework that integrates MATLAB and OpenDSS, enabling analysis on a 33-bus test system. This framework can act as a guideline for creating other co-simulation algorithms to enhance computing platforms for contemporary modern distribution systems within smart grids concept. The paper presents comparisons with previous research studies and various interesting findings such as the considered hours for developing the probabilistic model presents different results.展开更多
This paper presents a polymer-brush-guided templating strategy for fabricating ordered gold plasmonic architectures.The synthesized nanostructures featuring densely packed Au nanoparticles(NPs)exhibited strong surface...This paper presents a polymer-brush-guided templating strategy for fabricating ordered gold plasmonic architectures.The synthesized nanostructures featuring densely packed Au nanoparticles(NPs)exhibited strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)activity.Using a simple mechanical transfer technique,these assemblies were integrated into flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)films.Polymer encapsulation during synthesis ensures structural integrity during processing,resulting in a mechanically robust SERS substrate with exceptional analytical performance.This platform achieved 4-mercaptobenzoic acid(4-MBA)detection at 100 pmol/L(10-10 mol/L)with high reproducibility(RSD=6.8%).Environmental and mechanical stability tests demonstrated 95%signal retention over 30 days and sustained functionality after 100 bending/twisting cycles.Combined with a non-destructive adhesion-transfer protocol,the substrate enabled on-site thiram detection on apple surfaces(1μmol/L limit).This study provides a scalable approach for developing flexible SERS devices for food safety monitoring and environmental analysis.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to analyze the galloping characteristics of the catenary positive feeder in fluctuating wind areas considering dynamic-wind angle of attack and aerodynamic damping.Firstly,the flow field m...The purpose of this study is to analyze the galloping characteristics of the catenary positive feeder in fluctuating wind areas considering dynamic-wind angle of attack and aerodynamic damping.Firstly,the flow field model of the catenary positive feeder was established,the fluctuating wind field was simulated by Davenport wind power spectrum and linear filtering method,and the wind speed at inlet in calculation domain was controlled by editing the profile file to simulate and calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the positive feeder in the fluctuating wind area.Then,taking the positive feeder as the research object,the mathematical model of actual structure and the corresponding finite element model were established.By applying the wind load to the finite element model,the influence of aerodynamic damping caused by the self-movement of the positive feeder on the galloping response was analyzed,and the frequency domain characteristics of galloping displacement of the positive feeder considering aerodynamic damping were studied.Finally,the calculation method of aerodynamic damping by the Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading(ASCE No.74)was used for the galloping response of the positive feeder and compared with the proposed method.The results show that when considering aerodynamic damping,the galloping amplitude of the positive feeder decreases significantly,and the first-order resonance effect on the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement decreases significantly.The galloping trajectories calculated by the two methods are consistent.Therefore,this study is of great significance to further clarify the ice-free galloping mechanism of the catenary positive feeder in violent wind areas.展开更多
The accelerated demand for engineering services has led to the extensive utilization of engineering blasting techniques.Blasting-induced changes in loess microstructure(e.g.particle breakage,pore structure change)dire...The accelerated demand for engineering services has led to the extensive utilization of engineering blasting techniques.Blasting-induced changes in loess microstructure(e.g.particle breakage,pore structure change)directly affect its macroscopic mechanical properties.However,there remains a notable lack of studies on the impact of explosions on loess microstructure and the quantificationof loess microstructure.This study employed micro-computed tomography(μ-CT)technology to examine loess samples extracted from the surrounding area of the explosion cavity,systematically investigating the volume,orientation,and morphological characteristics of particles and pores.The research findings indicated that the explosion caused a break for the particles with a diameter larger than 10μm,and the number of smaller particles increased.Blasting decreased the particle sphericity and orientation angle.The reduction in porosity was primarily attributed to a decrease in the volume of both macropores and mesopores,with a greater reduction in the volume of mesopores.Although the number of micropores increased,the volume change was insignificant.Furthermore,the explosion increased the pore fractal dimension and patch density,suggesting a more complex and fragmented pore structure.Moreover,the pore throat radius and channel length decreased with decreasing distance from the explosion cavity(D_(EC)),indicating that the pore's connectivity reduced.The radius of the blasting cavity was approximately 0.35 m.Additionally,the loess zone surrounding the blasting cavity was divided into failure,plastic,and elastic zones using the D_(EC)=0.2 m and 1.2 m as the boundaries.The impacts of the explosion on loess were mainly within the range of D_(EC)less than 1.20 m.The analysis of the traits,patterns,and mechanisms of explosions'impact on the loess's microstructure can provide microscopic insight into the macro-dynamic behavior,assess the impact of explosions on the surrounding loess,and identify the potential geological hazards triggered by blasting,which offers a theoretical foundation for the subsequent engineering design and security measures.展开更多
We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel ...We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel transmission efficiency and measurement precision,we demonstrate superclassical timing resolution in both lossless and lossy regimes.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations reveal that,under a lossless channel,the precision gain increases with the degree of entanglement,approaching the Heisenberg limit.Importantly,in lossy channels,the precision gain is significantly influenced by both the channel transmission efficiency and the degree of entanglement.For transmission efficiencies above50%,the proposed method provides up to 1.5 times the precision gain of classical methods when entanglement parameters are optimized.Moreover,by optimizing intra-group and inter-group covariances in the multi-structured entangled state,we achieve substantial precision gains even at low transmission efficiencies(~30%),demonstrating its robustness against loss.This study resolves the critical trade-off between entanglement-enhanced precision and loss-induced information degradation.Future implementation could extend to satellite-based quantum positioning,remote sensing,quantum illumination,and other fields that require high-precision ranging in lossy environments.The protocol establishes a universal framework for loss-tolerant quantum metrology,advancing the practical deployment of quantum-enhanced sensing in real-world applications.展开更多
Large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving abilities are significant for many receivers. With these abilities, receivers can obtain signals with different power in ultra-wideband frequency space without informat...Large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving abilities are significant for many receivers. With these abilities, receivers can obtain signals with different power in ultra-wideband frequency space without information loss. However, conventional receiving scheme is hard to have large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously because of the analog-to-digital converter(ADC) dynamic range and sample rate limitations. In this paper, based on the modulated sampling and unlimited sampling, a novel receiving scheme is proposed to achieve large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving. Focusing on the single carrier signals, the proposed scheme only uses a single self-rest ADC(SR-ADC) with low sample rate, and it achieves large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously. Two receiving scenarios are considered, and they are cooperative strong signal receiving and non-cooperative strong/weak signals receiving. In the cooperative receiving scenario, an improved fast recovery method is proposed to obtain the modulated sampling output. In the non-cooperative receiving scenario, the strong and weak signals with different carrier frequencies are considered, and the signal processing method can recover and estimate each signal. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can realize large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously when the input signal-to-noise(SNR) ratio is high.展开更多
To address the challenges associated with multi-sided shells in traditional isogeometric analysis(IGA),this paper introduces a novel isogeometric shell method for trimmed CAD geometries based on toric surfaces and Rei...To address the challenges associated with multi-sided shells in traditional isogeometric analysis(IGA),this paper introduces a novel isogeometric shell method for trimmed CAD geometries based on toric surfaces and Reissner–Mindlin shell theory.By utilizing toric surface patches,both trimmed and untrimmed elements of the CAD surfaces are represented through a unified geometric framework,ensuring continuity and an accurate geometric description.Toric-Bernstein basis functions are employed to accurately interpolate the geometry and displacement of the trimmed shell.For singularities and corner points on the toric surface,the normal vector is defined as the unit directional vector from the center of curvature to the corresponding control point.Several numerical examples of polygonal shells are presented to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.This approach significantly simplifies the treatment of trimmed shell IGA and provides a promising solution for simulating complex shell structures with intricate boundaries.展开更多
The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic debris in the environment raises serious concerns about potential long-term effects on the environment,the economy,and waste management.To assess the feasibility of substi...The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic debris in the environment raises serious concerns about potential long-term effects on the environment,the economy,and waste management.To assess the feasibility of substitut-ing commercial plastics for a biodegradable renewable polymer for many applications,low-density polyethylene(LDPE)was mixed with varying concentrations of algal biomass(AB).Algae are considered a clean,renewable energy source because they don’t harm the environment and can be used to create bioplastics.Algal biomass grown in a high rate algal pond(HRAP)used for wastewater treatment used at 12.5-50 weight percent.Mechan-ical,thermal,and morphological characteristics of the LDPE/AB mixes were studied.Improved compatibility and uniformity between the LDPE matrix and algal biomass phase were evident in the morphology of LDPE/AB blends.Tensile strength(TS)and elastic modulus(EM)of the prepared LDPE/AB blends significantly decreased to 4.63 and 255 MPa,respectively.Nevertheless,by increasing the concentration of AB up to 25%and 37.5%,the mechanical properties enhanced and raised to(TS=6.75 MPa,EM=426 MPa)and(TS=7 MPa,EM=494 MPa),respectively.Using 25%and 37.5%of AB significantly enhanced the miscibility and interaction between algal bio-mass and LDPE polymer.However,increasing the percentage of AB led to a reduction in the thermal stability of the LDPE/AB.In contrast,compatibilized blends demonstrated better thermal stability compared to un-compa-tibilized blends.These findings indicate that it is possible to develop a blend with improved structural,thermal,and mechanical properties by partially replacing LDPE with biodegradable algal biomass.展开更多
文摘In the paper “Research on Failure Occurred During Switching in Bypass Pair of Valve Base Electronics for Yulong Converter Station,”the author proposed a control strategy based on shortest job first algorithm.Shortest job first algorithm effectively avoids the false triggering that appears due to the time delay procreated in pulse frequency conversion when the switching-in of bypass pair is finished.The core idea of the control strategy is as follows:when the operation of switching-in of bypass pair is finished,the signal frequency,whether 10 kHz or 1 MHz,is not directly detected,but in the program it is previously regarded.
文摘This paper examines theπ/4QPSK modulation communication transmission system,analyzing the performance advantages and disadvantages ofπ/4QPSK in comparison to QPSK.It also presents a comprehensive FPGA implementation scheme for a modulation communication transmission system,integrating RS channel coding,framing,frequency conversion,and other modules.This design is based on practical research and development requirements.The Xilinx Spartan6 chip board was used for board-level verification.Theπ/4QPSK modulated signal was transmitted via D/A conversion and radio frequency,with the transmitted waveform was looped back for reception.After A/D processing,the correctness of the designed modulation transmission scheme was verified.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-GHZD-33)the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Game(ZBKF-23-05)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(62003267)。
文摘To address the issue of incorrect fusion results caused by conflicting evidence due to inaccurate evidence and incomplete recognition frameworks in radar airborne target tactical intention recognition,a spatiotemporal evidence fusion algorithm is proposed.To resolve the conflict evidence fusion problem caused by inaccurate evidence,the algorithm performs discounting of evidence from both spatial and temporal dimensions.Spatial discounting is influenced by both inter-evidence inconsistency and intra-evidence inconsistency,while temporal discounting is determined by time intervals and information entropy.For the problem of conflicting evidence fusion due to an incomplete recognition framework,an open recognition architecture based on dynamic composite focal elements is proposed.This approach allocates some conflicting information to temporary composite focal elements,avoiding excessive basic probability assignment(BPA)of the empty set after fusion,which can lead to deviations from the actual fusion results.Simulation experiments comparing various methods indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve target intention recognition accuracy and demonstrates good stability.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
文摘Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become valuable tools in medical imaging,enabling realistic image synthesis for enhancement,augmentation,and restoration.However,their integration into clinical workflows raises concerns,particularly the risk of subtle distortions or hallucinations that may undermine diagnostic accuracy and weaken trust in AI-assisted decision-making.To address this challenge,we propose a hybrid deep learning framework designed to detect GAN-induced artifacts in medical images,thereby reinforcing the reliability of AI-driven diagnostics.The framework integrates low-level statistical descriptors,including high-frequency residuals and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix(GLCM)texture features,with high-level semantic representations extracted from a pre-trained ResNet18.This dual-stream approach enables detection of both pixel-level anomalies and structural inconsistencies introduced by GAN-based manipulation.We validated the framework on a curated dataset of 10,000 medical images,evenly split between authentic and GAN-generated samples across four modalities:MRI,CT,X-ray,and fundus photography.To improve generalizability to real-world clinical settings,we incorporated domain adaptation strategies such as adversarial training and style transfer,reducing domain shift by 15%.Experimental results demonstrate robust performance,achieving 92.6%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.91 on synthetic test data,and maintaining strong performance on real-world GAN-modified images with 87.3%accuracy and an F1-score of 0.85.Additionally,the model attained an AUC of 0.96 and an average precision of 0.92,outperforming conventional GAN detection pipelines and baseline Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)architectures.These findings establish the proposed framework as an effective and reliable solution for detecting GAN-induced hallucinations in medical imaging,representing an important step toward building trustworthy and clinically deployable AI systems.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (82402543)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)+2 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)Opening Foundation of Agile and Intelligent Computing Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceSpecial Research Fund for Central Universities,Peking Union Medical College (3332024120)
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis is a highly heterogeneous organ dysfunction syndrome.There is limited evidence regarding phenotypes and clinical outcomes in sepsis patients with initial normal lactate levels.We sought to identify the lactate-based clinical phenotypes and outcomes of sepsis patients.METHODS:The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV(MIMIC-IV)and eICU databases were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study.Adult sepsis patients were included.Lactate was measured via blood gas,and the same assay type was used across both databases.Serial lactate measurements were analyzed via a two-point classification system based on the highest values recorded during two consecutive 24-hour periods following ICU admission.The fi rst measurement window(T1)comprised the initial 24 h post-admission,whereas the second window(T2)covered 24-48 h post-admission.The lactate diff erence was defi ned as the numerical change between the highest lactate level at T2 and the highest level at T1.The time interval between these two measurements was fi xed,with T2 commencing immediately after T1,together encompassing the fi rst 48 h post-ICU admission.A normal lactate level was defi ned as≤2 mmol/L,and an elevated level was defi ned as>2 mmol/L.Sepsis patients were stratifi ed into four trajectory phenotypes:(1)normal-normal(N-N);(2)normal-elevated(N-E);(3)elevated-normal(E-N);and(4)elevated-elevated(E-E).The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.RESULTS:This study enrolled 6,926 sepsis patients.The clinical phenotypes of the sepsis patients were as follows:N-N(24.4%),N-E(3.8%),E-N(36.4%),and E-E(35.3%).The in-hospital mortality rates of sepsis patients with the four phenotypes from the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases were as follows(N-N:18.9%vs.17.6%,P=0.66;N-E:35.3%vs.29.2%,P=0.45;E-N:16.6%vs.14.2%,P=0.14;E-E:43.6%vs.37.8%,P=0.01).After adjusting for age,sex,Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA)score,vasopressor therapy,and infection sites,the N-E phenotype was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality(odds ratio[OR]1.44;95%confidence intervals[95%CI]1.11-1.86;P=0.006;adjusted OR 1.61;95%CI 1.23-2.11;P<0.001).The E-N phenotype was associated with the most favorable outcomes for in-hospital mortality in the multivariable analysis(adjusted OR 0.41;95%CI 0.36-0.46;P<0.001).The E-E phenotype was associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality in the overall cohort(adjusted OR 3.00;95%CI 2.67-3.37;P<0.001).CONCLUSION:In sepsis patients with normal initial lactate levels,serial lactate measurements could be valuable for prognostic assessment.
基金Supported by the Aviation Science Fund of China(2009ZC15001)
文摘A fast motion estimation algorithm for variable block-size using the ＂line scan and block merge procedure＂ is proposed for airborne image compression modules.Full hardware implementation via FPGA is discussed in detail.The proposed pipelined architecture based on the line scan algorithm is capable of calculating the required 41 motion vectors of various size blocks supported by H.264 within a 16 × 16 block in parallel.An adaptive rate distortion cost function is used for various size block decision.The motion vectors of adjacent small blocks are merged to predict the motion vectors of larger blocks for reducing computation.Experimental results show that our proposed method has lower computational complexity than full search algorithm with slight quality decrease and little bit rate increase.Due to the high real-time processing speed it can be easily realized in hardware.
文摘The SG186 Project about the informatization for State Grid Corporation of China （SGCC）, mainly aims to build a ＂Vertical breakthrough, horizontal integration＂ platform of intbrmation integration at the enterprise level and to initially build a digitization power network and an informatization enterprise; informatization standards system is one of the significant guaranteeing factors to completely finish SG186 project as well as provides the basic condition for the entire adoption and integration of existing information systems. This article has analyzed the necessity for the establishment of inlbrmatization standards system in the first place with the brief introduction to the current research achievements of the standards system and the loop-locked Identification-Execution-Check （REC） application strategy.
文摘In order to further analyze the micro-motion modulation signals generated by rotating components and extract micro-motion features,a modulation signal denoising algorithm based on improved variational mode decomposition(VMD)is proposed.To improve the time-frequency performance,this method decomposes the data into narrowband signals and analyzes the internal energy and frequency variations within the signal.Genetic algorithms are used to adaptively optimize the mode number and bandwidth control parameters in the process of VMD.This approach aims to obtain the optimal parameter combination and perform mode decomposition on the micro-motion modulation signal.The optimal mode number and quadratic penalty factor for VMD are determined.Based on the optimal values of the mode number and quadratic penalty factor,the original signal is decomposed using VMD,resulting in optimal mode number intrinsic mode function(IMF)components.The effective modes are then reconstructed with the denoised modes,achieving signal denoising.Through experimental data verification,the proposed algorithm demonstrates effective denoising of modulation signals.In simulation data validation,the algorithm achieves the highest signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and exhibits the best performance.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFA1205300 and No.2022YFA1205304)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2022ZD103).
文摘Monitoring minuscule mechanical signals,both in magnitude and direction,is imperative in many application scenarios,e.g.,structural health monitoring and robotic sensing systems.However,the piezoelectric sensor struggles to satisfy the requirements for directional recognition due to the limited piezoelectric coefficient matrix,and achieving sensitivity for detecting micrometer-scale deformations is also challenging.Herein,we develop a vector sensor composed of lead zirconate titanate-electronic grade glass fiber composite filaments with oriented arrangement,capable of detecting minute anisotropic deformations.The as-prepared vector sensor can identify the deformation directions even when subjected to an unprecedented nominal strain of 0.06%,thereby enabling its utility in accurately discerning the 5μm-height wrinkles in thin films and in monitoring human pulse waves.The ultra-high sensitivity is attributed to the formation of porous ferroelectret and the efficient load transfer efficiency of continuous lead zirconate titanate phase.Additionally,when integrated with machine learning techniques,the sensor’s capability to recognize multi-signals enables it to differentiate between 10 types of fine textures with 100%accuracy.The structural design in piezoelectric devices enables a more comprehensive perception of mechanical stimuli,offering a novel perspective for enhancing recognition accuracy.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62471097,62471115,62471101)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025ZNSFSC0537)Stable Support Porject of 12th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation。
文摘Microstrip traveling wave tubes(TWTs)have garnered significant attention due to their potential applications in communication,defense,and industrial systems.This paper presents a compact W-band dual-channel TWT,utilizing a U-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure(SWS).High-frequency characteristics are analyzed through simulation and cold tests.The results demonstrate that adjusting structural parameters effectively optimizes the S-parameters.Particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with an 18.8 kV,0.1 A electron beam predict an output power of 18 W with a gain of 14 dB.Experimental measurements of S-parameters are conducted using three substrate materials:Rogers 5880,quartz,and diamond.The quartz substrate exhibits the closest agreement with simulation results.The results advance the development of the microstrip-based TWTs for high-data-rate communication systems.
基金Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2021J008)。
文摘A novel substrate integrated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition operating in the W-band is proposed in this letter.The structure is a new method of connecting microstrip circuits and waveguide filters,and this new structure enables a planar integrated transition from microstrip lines to ultra-thin cavity filters,thereby reducing the size of the transition structure and achieving miniaturization.The structure includes a conventional tapered microstrip transition structure,which guides the electromagnetic field from the microstrip line to the reduced-height dielectric-filled waveguide,and an air-filled matching cavity which is placed between the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter.The heights of the microstrip line,the dielectric-filled waveguide and the ultra-thin cavity filter are the same,enabling seamless integration within a planar radio-frequency(RF)circuit.To facilitate testing,mature finline transition structures are integrated at both ends of the microstrip line during fabrications.The simulation results of the fabricated microstrip to ultra-thin cavity filter transition with the finline transition structure,with a passband of 91.5-96.5 GHz,has an insertion loss of less than 1.9 dB and a return loss lower than-20 dB.And the whole structure has also been measured which achieves an insertion loss less than 2.6 dB and a return loss lower than-15 dB within the filter's passband,including the additional insertion loss introduced by the finline transitions.Finally,a W-band compact up-conversion module is designed,and the test results show that after using the proposed structure,the module achieves 95 dBc suppression of the 84 GHz local oscillator.It is also demonstrated that the structure proposed in this letter achieves miniaturization of the system integration without compromising the filter performance.
文摘This paper introduces an optimized planning approach for integrating photovoltaic as distributed generation (PV-DG) into the radial distribution power systems, utilizing exhaustive load flow (ELF), loss sensitivity factor (LSF), genetic algorithms (GA) methods, and numerical method based on LSF. The methodology aims to determine the optimal allocation and sizing of multiple PV-DG to minimize power loss through time series power flow analysis. An approach utilizing continuous sensitivity analysis is developed and inherently leverages power flow and loss equations to compute LSF of all buses in the system towards employing a dynamic PV-DG model for more accurate results. The algorithm uses a numerical grid search method to optimize PV-DG placement in a power distribution system, focusing on minimizing system losses. It combines iterative analysis, sensitivity assessment, and comprehensive visualization to identify and present the optimal PV-DG configurations. The present-ed algorithms are verified through co-simulation framework combining MATLAB and OpenDSS to carry out analysis for 12-bus radial distribution test system. The proposed numerical method is compared with other algorithms, such as ELF, LSF methods, and Genetic Algorithms (GA). Results show that the proposed numerical method performs well in comparison with LSF and ELF solutions.
文摘This paper presents an optimized strategy for multiple integrations of photovoltaic distributed generation (PV-DG) within radial distribution power systems. The proposed methodology focuses on identifying the optimal allocation and sizing of multiple PV-DG units to minimize power losses using a probabilistic PV model and time-series power flow analysis. Addressing the uncertainties in PV output due to weather variability and diurnal cycles is critical. A probabilistic assessment offers a more robust analysis of DG integration’s impact on the grid, potentially leading to more reliable system planning. The presented approach employs a genetic algorithm (GA) and a determined PV output profile and probabilistic PV generation profile based on experimental measurements for one year of solar radiation in Cairo, Egypt. The proposed algorithms are validated using a co-simulation framework that integrates MATLAB and OpenDSS, enabling analysis on a 33-bus test system. This framework can act as a guideline for creating other co-simulation algorithms to enhance computing platforms for contemporary modern distribution systems within smart grids concept. The paper presents comparisons with previous research studies and various interesting findings such as the considered hours for developing the probabilistic model presents different results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22401045,22301037)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2022A1515110867).
文摘This paper presents a polymer-brush-guided templating strategy for fabricating ordered gold plasmonic architectures.The synthesized nanostructures featuring densely packed Au nanoparticles(NPs)exhibited strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)activity.Using a simple mechanical transfer technique,these assemblies were integrated into flexible polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)films.Polymer encapsulation during synthesis ensures structural integrity during processing,resulting in a mechanically robust SERS substrate with exceptional analytical performance.This platform achieved 4-mercaptobenzoic acid(4-MBA)detection at 100 pmol/L(10-10 mol/L)with high reproducibility(RSD=6.8%).Environmental and mechanical stability tests demonstrated 95%signal retention over 30 days and sustained functionality after 100 bending/twisting cycles.Combined with a non-destructive adhesion-transfer protocol,the substrate enabled on-site thiram detection on apple surfaces(1μmol/L limit).This study provides a scalable approach for developing flexible SERS devices for food safety monitoring and environmental analysis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51867013)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (No.20JR5RA414)。
文摘The purpose of this study is to analyze the galloping characteristics of the catenary positive feeder in fluctuating wind areas considering dynamic-wind angle of attack and aerodynamic damping.Firstly,the flow field model of the catenary positive feeder was established,the fluctuating wind field was simulated by Davenport wind power spectrum and linear filtering method,and the wind speed at inlet in calculation domain was controlled by editing the profile file to simulate and calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of the positive feeder in the fluctuating wind area.Then,taking the positive feeder as the research object,the mathematical model of actual structure and the corresponding finite element model were established.By applying the wind load to the finite element model,the influence of aerodynamic damping caused by the self-movement of the positive feeder on the galloping response was analyzed,and the frequency domain characteristics of galloping displacement of the positive feeder considering aerodynamic damping were studied.Finally,the calculation method of aerodynamic damping by the Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading(ASCE No.74)was used for the galloping response of the positive feeder and compared with the proposed method.The results show that when considering aerodynamic damping,the galloping amplitude of the positive feeder decreases significantly,and the first-order resonance effect on the vertical displacement and horizontal displacement decreases significantly.The galloping trajectories calculated by the two methods are consistent.Therefore,this study is of great significance to further clarify the ice-free galloping mechanism of the catenary positive feeder in violent wind areas.
基金financiallysupported by the National Key&Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42472348 and 42220104005).
文摘The accelerated demand for engineering services has led to the extensive utilization of engineering blasting techniques.Blasting-induced changes in loess microstructure(e.g.particle breakage,pore structure change)directly affect its macroscopic mechanical properties.However,there remains a notable lack of studies on the impact of explosions on loess microstructure and the quantificationof loess microstructure.This study employed micro-computed tomography(μ-CT)technology to examine loess samples extracted from the surrounding area of the explosion cavity,systematically investigating the volume,orientation,and morphological characteristics of particles and pores.The research findings indicated that the explosion caused a break for the particles with a diameter larger than 10μm,and the number of smaller particles increased.Blasting decreased the particle sphericity and orientation angle.The reduction in porosity was primarily attributed to a decrease in the volume of both macropores and mesopores,with a greater reduction in the volume of mesopores.Although the number of micropores increased,the volume change was insignificant.Furthermore,the explosion increased the pore fractal dimension and patch density,suggesting a more complex and fragmented pore structure.Moreover,the pore throat radius and channel length decreased with decreasing distance from the explosion cavity(D_(EC)),indicating that the pore's connectivity reduced.The radius of the blasting cavity was approximately 0.35 m.Additionally,the loess zone surrounding the blasting cavity was divided into failure,plastic,and elastic zones using the D_(EC)=0.2 m and 1.2 m as the boundaries.The impacts of the explosion on loess were mainly within the range of D_(EC)less than 1.20 m.The analysis of the traits,patterns,and mechanisms of explosions'impact on the loess's microstructure can provide microscopic insight into the macro-dynamic behavior,assess the impact of explosions on the surrounding loess,and identify the potential geological hazards triggered by blasting,which offers a theoretical foundation for the subsequent engineering design and security measures.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62071363)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2021LLRH-06)。
文摘We present a quantum ranging protocol that overcomes photon-loss limitations using optimized partially frequencyentangled states.By establishing the fundamental relationship between the degree of entanglement,channel transmission efficiency and measurement precision,we demonstrate superclassical timing resolution in both lossless and lossy regimes.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations reveal that,under a lossless channel,the precision gain increases with the degree of entanglement,approaching the Heisenberg limit.Importantly,in lossy channels,the precision gain is significantly influenced by both the channel transmission efficiency and the degree of entanglement.For transmission efficiencies above50%,the proposed method provides up to 1.5 times the precision gain of classical methods when entanglement parameters are optimized.Moreover,by optimizing intra-group and inter-group covariances in the multi-structured entangled state,we achieve substantial precision gains even at low transmission efficiencies(~30%),demonstrating its robustness against loss.This study resolves the critical trade-off between entanglement-enhanced precision and loss-induced information degradation.Future implementation could extend to satellite-based quantum positioning,remote sensing,quantum illumination,and other fields that require high-precision ranging in lossy environments.The protocol establishes a universal framework for loss-tolerant quantum metrology,advancing the practical deployment of quantum-enhanced sensing in real-world applications.
文摘Large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving abilities are significant for many receivers. With these abilities, receivers can obtain signals with different power in ultra-wideband frequency space without information loss. However, conventional receiving scheme is hard to have large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously because of the analog-to-digital converter(ADC) dynamic range and sample rate limitations. In this paper, based on the modulated sampling and unlimited sampling, a novel receiving scheme is proposed to achieve large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving. Focusing on the single carrier signals, the proposed scheme only uses a single self-rest ADC(SR-ADC) with low sample rate, and it achieves large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously. Two receiving scenarios are considered, and they are cooperative strong signal receiving and non-cooperative strong/weak signals receiving. In the cooperative receiving scenario, an improved fast recovery method is proposed to obtain the modulated sampling output. In the non-cooperative receiving scenario, the strong and weak signals with different carrier frequencies are considered, and the signal processing method can recover and estimate each signal. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can realize large dynamic range and ultra-wideband receiving simultaneously when the input signal-to-noise(SNR) ratio is high.
基金the National Key Research and Development Projects(Grant Nos.2021YFB3300601,2021YFB3300603,2021YFB3300604)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22QN241)is acknowledged.
文摘To address the challenges associated with multi-sided shells in traditional isogeometric analysis(IGA),this paper introduces a novel isogeometric shell method for trimmed CAD geometries based on toric surfaces and Reissner–Mindlin shell theory.By utilizing toric surface patches,both trimmed and untrimmed elements of the CAD surfaces are represented through a unified geometric framework,ensuring continuity and an accurate geometric description.Toric-Bernstein basis functions are employed to accurately interpolate the geometry and displacement of the trimmed shell.For singularities and corner points on the toric surface,the normal vector is defined as the unit directional vector from the center of curvature to the corresponding control point.Several numerical examples of polygonal shells are presented to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.This approach significantly simplifies the treatment of trimmed shell IGA and provides a promising solution for simulating complex shell structures with intricate boundaries.
文摘The accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic debris in the environment raises serious concerns about potential long-term effects on the environment,the economy,and waste management.To assess the feasibility of substitut-ing commercial plastics for a biodegradable renewable polymer for many applications,low-density polyethylene(LDPE)was mixed with varying concentrations of algal biomass(AB).Algae are considered a clean,renewable energy source because they don’t harm the environment and can be used to create bioplastics.Algal biomass grown in a high rate algal pond(HRAP)used for wastewater treatment used at 12.5-50 weight percent.Mechan-ical,thermal,and morphological characteristics of the LDPE/AB mixes were studied.Improved compatibility and uniformity between the LDPE matrix and algal biomass phase were evident in the morphology of LDPE/AB blends.Tensile strength(TS)and elastic modulus(EM)of the prepared LDPE/AB blends significantly decreased to 4.63 and 255 MPa,respectively.Nevertheless,by increasing the concentration of AB up to 25%and 37.5%,the mechanical properties enhanced and raised to(TS=6.75 MPa,EM=426 MPa)and(TS=7 MPa,EM=494 MPa),respectively.Using 25%and 37.5%of AB significantly enhanced the miscibility and interaction between algal bio-mass and LDPE polymer.However,increasing the percentage of AB led to a reduction in the thermal stability of the LDPE/AB.In contrast,compatibilized blends demonstrated better thermal stability compared to un-compa-tibilized blends.These findings indicate that it is possible to develop a blend with improved structural,thermal,and mechanical properties by partially replacing LDPE with biodegradable algal biomass.
