Rational design of catalytic interfaces at the atomic level is crucial for enhancing electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.In this study,a Zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 derived catalyst is developed,featuring atomically...Rational design of catalytic interfaces at the atomic level is crucial for enhancing electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.In this study,a Zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 derived catalyst is developed,featuring atomically dispersed Ni–Zn dual-atom sites(NiZnN_(6))coexisting with Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7) nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.Strong interaction between the NiZnN_(6) moieties and Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7) nanoparticle induces charge redistribution,enhancing the electron-donating ability of Ni active sites.Simultaneously,the dual-atom configuration creates an asymmetric electronic environment,where interfacial electronic coupling facilitates partial electron transfer from Zn to Ni,leading to electron enrichment at the Ni center.Consequently,Ni sites preferentially donate electrons to active CO_(2)molecules,lowering the ^(*)COOH formation energy,while Zn sites promote ^(*)CO desorption,thus achieving high CO selectivity(99.6%@-0.7V vs.Reversible Hydrogen Electrode(RHE)).The in-depth investigation in this work provides guidance for establishing the relationship between structure and electrocatalytic activity,holding significant implications for fundamental research on the CO_(2)reduction mechanism.展开更多
The geometric phase, in particular the Berry phase, in an entangled state of five spin-1/2 particles is studied. A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of the cluster. Using the metho...The geometric phase, in particular the Berry phase, in an entangled state of five spin-1/2 particles is studied. A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of the cluster. Using the method of algebraic dynamics, we calculate the non-adiabatic geometric phase or Berry phase and the degeneracy energy levels when the magnetic rotates around Z axis. Based on the exact analytical solutions, we show how the Berry phase of the entangled state of this cluster depends on the external magnetic field parameters w （the angular velocity of the rotating magnetic field） and θ （the angle between the magnetic field and Z axis）.展开更多
Frequency-tunable microwave signal generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode （SLM） erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a digital Opto-DMD processor and...Frequency-tunable microwave signal generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode （SLM） erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a digital Opto-DMD processor and four-wave mixing （FWM） in a high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber （PCF）. The high-nonlinear PCF is employed for the generation of the FWM to obtain stable and uniform dual-wavelength oscillation. Two different short passive sub-ring cavities in the main ring cavity serve as mode filters to make SLM lasing. The two lasing wavelengths are electronically selected by loading different gratings on the Opto-DMD processor controlled with a computer. The wavelength spacing can be smartly adjusted from 0.165 nm to 1.08 nm within a tuning accuracy of 0.055 nm. Two microwave signals at 17.23 GHz and 27.47 GHz are achieved. The stability of the microwave signal is discussed. The system has the ability to generate a 137.36-GHz photonic millimeter signal at room temperature.展开更多
We propose and theoretically analyze a plasmonic corrugated horn structure for enhanced optical transmission. It makes use of the enhancement of unidirectional propagating surface plasmon polaritons at oblique inciden...We propose and theoretically analyze a plasmonic corrugated horn structure for enhanced optical transmission. It makes use of the enhancement of unidirectional propagating surface plasmon polaritons at oblique incidence. Geometric parameters such as the groove depth and width are optimized. Analysis shows that it presents a better performance than the bull＇s eye structure for a small number of grooves.展开更多
In this work,the super-hydrophobic(SH)surface was prepared through chemical vapor deposition process by an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet source with HMDSN(hexamethyldisilazane)as the polymerization precursor.P...In this work,the super-hydrophobic(SH)surface was prepared through chemical vapor deposition process by an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet source with HMDSN(hexamethyldisilazane)as the polymerization precursor.Plasma synthesized organosilicon(SiOxCyHz)thin films with water contact angle over 160°and sliding angle below 5°,were able to be achieved.FTIR and XPS analysis indicates a large number of hydrocarbon compositions were polymerized in the thin films enduing the latter very-low surface free energy.SEM shows the SH films display micro-nanostructure and with high degree of averaged surface roughness 190 nm evaluated by AFM analysis.From experiments under controlled low-temperature and moisture conditions,the prepared SH surface exhibits good anti-icing effects.Significantly prolonging freezing time was achievable on the SH thin films for both static and sliding water droplets.This investigation demonstrates the anti-icing potentials of SH surface prepared through low-cost simple atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization process.展开更多
We study an anisotropic spin cluster of 3 spin S=1/2 particles with antiferromagnetic exchange interactionwith non-uniform coupling constants.A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of...We study an anisotropic spin cluster of 3 spin S=1/2 particles with antiferromagnetic exchange interactionwith non-uniform coupling constants.A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of thecluster.It is well known that for an odd number of sites a spin cluster qubit can be defined in terms of the ground statedoublet.The universal one-qubit logic gate can be constructed from the time evolution operator of the non-autonomousmany-body system,and the six basic one-qubit gates can be realized by adjusting the applied time-dependent magneticfield.展开更多
This paper focuses on the performance analysis of flexible reactive systems. The performance analysis consists of two phases： first system modeling, second performance evalua-tion. The paper models the flexible react...This paper focuses on the performance analysis of flexible reactive systems. The performance analysis consists of two phases： first system modeling, second performance evalua-tion. The paper models the flexible reactive system by the stochas-tic statecharts method, and uses the simulation method to evalu-ate the performance. To make use of the feature of event-triggered state transitions in the statecharts, a new method of simulation is proposed based on the techniques of the discrete-event system simulation. The new method solves the problem of computer imple-mentation of stochastic events, probabilistic transition, concurrent states, paral el actions, and broadcast communication mechanism in the stochastic statecharts. An example of a flexible manufactur-ing system is presented. The simulation result of the example is consistent with the analytical result, which shows the feasibility of the proposed new simulation method.展开更多
In this paper,we study a kind of dark energy models in the framework of the non-minimal coupling.With this kind of models,dark energy could cross the cosmological constant boundary,and at early time,dark energy could ...In this paper,we study a kind of dark energy models in the framework of the non-minimal coupling.With this kind of models,dark energy could cross the cosmological constant boundary,and at early time,dark energy could have 'tracking' behavior.展开更多
The adsorption characteristics of Cs on GaN （0001） and GaN （0001） surfaces with a coverage from 1/4 to 1 monolayer have been investigated using the density functional theory with a plane-wave uttrasoft pseudopoten...The adsorption characteristics of Cs on GaN （0001） and GaN （0001） surfaces with a coverage from 1/4 to 1 monolayer have been investigated using the density functional theory with a plane-wave uttrasoft pseudopotential method based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the most stable position of the Cs adatom on the GaN （0001） surface is at the N-bridge site for 1/4 monolayer coverage. As the coverage of Cs atoms at the N-bridge site is increased, the adsorption energy reduces. As the Cs atoms achieve saturation, the adsorption is no longer stable when the coverage is 3/4 monolayer. The work function achieves its minimum value when the Cs adatom coverage is 2/4 monolayer, and then rises with Cs atomic coverage. The most stable position of Cs adatoms on the GaN （000i） surface is at H3 site for 1/4 monolayer coverage. As the Cs atomic coverage at H3 site is increased, the adsorption energy reduces, and the adsorption is still stable when the Cs adatom coverage is 1 monolayer. The work function reduces persistently, and does not rise with the increase of Cs coverage.展开更多
Optical wireless communications have been widely studied during the past decade in short-range applications, such as indoor highspeed wireless networks and interconnects in data centers and high-performance computing....Optical wireless communications have been widely studied during the past decade in short-range applications, such as indoor highspeed wireless networks and interconnects in data centers and high-performance computing. In this paper, recent developments in high-speed short-range optical wireless communications are reviewed, including visible light communications （VLCs）, infrared indoor communication systems, and reconfigurable optical interconnects. The general architecture of indoor high-speed optical wireless communications is described, and the advantages and limitations of both visible and infrared based solutions are discussed. The concept of reconfigurable optical interconnects is presented, and key results are summarized. In addition, the challenges and potential future directions of short-range optical wireless communications are discussed.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial pheno...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial phenomena such as zinc dendrite growth,parasitic side reactions,and the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase.These processes are inherently dynamic and span multiple spatial and temporal scales,posing challenges to traditional ex situ characterization techniques.To address this,advanced in situ and operando techniques have been developed,broadly categorized into imaging,spectroscopic,synchrotron scattering/diffraction,and coupled mass spectrometry approaches.These methods enable real-time visualization and chemical analysis of the electrode/electrolyte interface,providing insights into nucleation and dissolution dynamics,interfacial chemical transformations,and the mechanisms driving dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.Through the integration of these complementary techniques,structural evolution can be correlated with electrochemical behavior,elucidating the underlying physicochemical mechanisms.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ and operando characterization methods and highlights their contributions to understanding interfacial stability in aqueous ZIBs.Future directions emphasizing multi-modal strategies and data integration to guide the rational design of high-performance ZIBs are discussed.These insights are expected to accelerate the development of next-generation aqueous energy storage systems.展开更多
Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Interve...Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)in China,accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis.These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature.They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels,providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population’s data and characteristics.The guidelines cover the entire process of malnutrition diagnosis in adult patients,including definition,epidemiology,nutrition risk screening,multi-level nutrition assessment,and diagnostic procedures.They also propose individualized diagnostic strategies for specific patient groups,such as obese or critically ill patients,and establish a standardized process for malnutrition diagnosis.At last,the guidelines form 27 questions,38 recommendations,in order to improve the practical capacity of malnutrition diagnosis in China.展开更多
The formation of by-products significantly hinders ion transport in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),adversely affecting the stability of Zn metal anodes.Inspired by the scale-inhibition effect in oilfield chemistry,...The formation of by-products significantly hinders ion transport in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),adversely affecting the stability of Zn metal anodes.Inspired by the scale-inhibition effect in oilfield chemistry,we introduced a hydrolysis-resistant 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS)monomer additive with strong anionic groups into the electrolyte to form a high-quality solid electrolyte interphase.This interphase ensures the inhibition of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),resulting in stabilizing the local pH through reduced H^(+)consumption and minimizing the formation of by-products.Leveraging the strong polarity of the–SO_(3)H in AMPS,the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and the surface energy of the zinc substrate during deposition are effectively modulated.This behavior mitigates uneven nucleation at grain boundaries and defects,which facilitates the ordered deposition of Zn along the(002)plane,contributing to improved Zn electrode stability.Therefore,the Zn//Zn cell demonstrates cycling stability for over 4500 h at 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2),while the Zn//MnO_(2)full cell retains 84%of its capacity after 4500 cycles.We believe our design concept offers a new pathway for developing by-product-free high-stability AZIBs.展开更多
Accurate crop and weed discrimination plays a critical role in addressing the challenges of weed management in agriculture.The use of herbicides is currently the most common approach to weed control.However,herbicide ...Accurate crop and weed discrimination plays a critical role in addressing the challenges of weed management in agriculture.The use of herbicides is currently the most common approach to weed control.However,herbicide resistant plants have long been recognised as a major concern due to the excessive use of herbicides.Effective weed detection techniques can reduce the cost of weed management and improve crop quality and yield.A computationally efficient and robust plant classification algorithm is developed and applied to the classification of three crops:Brassica napus(canola),Zea mays(maize/corn),and radish.The developed algorithm is based on the combination of Local Binary Pattern(LBP)operators,for the extraction of crop leaf textural features and Support vector machine(SVM)method,for multiclass plant classification.This paper presents the first investigation of the accuracy of the combined LBP algorithms,trained using a large dataset of canola,radish and barley leaf images captured by a testing facility under simulated field conditions.The dataset has four subclasses,background,canola,corn,and radish,with 24,000 images used for training and 6000 images,for validation.The dataset is referred herein as "bccr-segset"and published online.In each subclass,plant images are collected at four crop growth stages.Experimentally,the algorithm demonstrates plant classification accuracy as high as 91.85%,for the four classes.展开更多
While several recent studies have focused on elimi-nating the imbalance of energy stored in series-connected battery cells,very little attention has been given to balancing the energy stored in parallel-connected batt...While several recent studies have focused on elimi-nating the imbalance of energy stored in series-connected battery cells,very little attention has been given to balancing the energy stored in parallel-connected battery cells.As such,this paper aims at presenting a new balancing approach for parallel LiFePO_(4) battery cells.In this regard,a Backpropagation Neural Network(BPNN)based technique is employed to develop a Battery Management System(BMS)that can assess the charging status of all cells and control its operations through a DC/DC Buck-Boost converter.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing the energy stored in parallel-connected battery cells in which the state of charge(SoC)estimation error is found to be only 1.15%.展开更多
Irradiation with swift heavy ions causes the deformation of Ferric nanoparticles in direction of the ion beam.Fe nanoparticles with mean diameter of about 20 nm were prepared by gas flow sputtering and subsequently co...Irradiation with swift heavy ions causes the deformation of Ferric nanoparticles in direction of the ion beam.Fe nanoparticles with mean diameter of about 20 nm were prepared by gas flow sputtering and subsequently confined within silica films.Two silica films wherein two different densities of Fe nanoparticles are encapsulated were irradiated with 50 MeV Ag ions with fluences of few 1014 ions.cm^(-2) at 300 K and normal incidence.Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the spherical Fe nanoparticles are deformed into prolate nanorods aligned in direction of the incident ion beam.The depth distribution profiles of irradiated particles reveal the presence of a critical fluence above which the elongation kinetics becomes dependent on the nanoparticles density.Analysis indicates that for the lower density particles,a saturation length is reached under irradiation to fluence between 3-4×10^(14) ions.cm^(-2).However,for the higher density,collective growth into aligned nanowires is presumed to take place.Hysteresis curves of the saturation magnetization and coercivity indicate an increasing magnetic anisotropy,which can be correlated with the deformation of nanoparticles in the direction of the ion beam.展开更多
A stable three-channel dual-wavelength fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dig- ital mieromirror-deviee （DMD） processor can select and reeirculate any dual waveband from the gain spectr...A stable three-channel dual-wavelength fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dig- ital mieromirror-deviee （DMD） processor can select and reeirculate any dual waveband from the gain spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber at each channel. The uniform and stable dual-wavelength oscillation is obtained by a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, which causes two degenerate the four-wave-mixing processes. By loading different reproducibility diffraction gratings on the optoelectronic DMD processor, the laser can be operated stably in a three-channel dual-wavelength scheme at room temperature. The power fluctuation of each laser channel is less than -0.02 dB.展开更多
文章作者在植物光谱识别的基础上提出了一种能够识别不同绿色植物的新颖光电子技术.该项技术运用于可见至近红外波段,在实验室环境和农田环境下,可以成功地采集和分析目标的光谱数据,对不同品种的绿色植物实施了精确识别.该项研究是由...文章作者在植物光谱识别的基础上提出了一种能够识别不同绿色植物的新颖光电子技术.该项技术运用于可见至近红外波段,在实验室环境和农田环境下,可以成功地采集和分析目标的光谱数据,对不同品种的绿色植物实施了精确识别.该项研究是由跨学科的西澳大利亚微光电子系统中心有限公司(the Western Australian Centre ofExcellence for MicroPhotonic Systems,Pty Ltd,)和中国大恒集团公司共同研究完成的,其目标是开发国际上首台野草传感器,使得除草剂的使用定位精确,既可显著提高作物的产量,又可节约80%除草剂,更重要的是保护环境,节约用水,对于农业和生态都有重要意义.展开更多
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(24ZR1453900)Project for AI-Driven Reform of Research Paradigms to Empower Advancement of Disciplines(Z-2024-369-036)。
文摘Rational design of catalytic interfaces at the atomic level is crucial for enhancing electrocatalytic CO_(2)reduction.In this study,a Zeolite imidazolate frameworks-8 derived catalyst is developed,featuring atomically dispersed Ni–Zn dual-atom sites(NiZnN_(6))coexisting with Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7) nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes.Strong interaction between the NiZnN_(6) moieties and Ni_(3)ZnC_(0.7) nanoparticle induces charge redistribution,enhancing the electron-donating ability of Ni active sites.Simultaneously,the dual-atom configuration creates an asymmetric electronic environment,where interfacial electronic coupling facilitates partial electron transfer from Zn to Ni,leading to electron enrichment at the Ni center.Consequently,Ni sites preferentially donate electrons to active CO_(2)molecules,lowering the ^(*)COOH formation energy,while Zn sites promote ^(*)CO desorption,thus achieving high CO selectivity(99.6%@-0.7V vs.Reversible Hydrogen Electrode(RHE)).The in-depth investigation in this work provides guidance for establishing the relationship between structure and electrocatalytic activity,holding significant implications for fundamental research on the CO_(2)reduction mechanism.
文摘The geometric phase, in particular the Berry phase, in an entangled state of five spin-1/2 particles is studied. A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of the cluster. Using the method of algebraic dynamics, we calculate the non-adiabatic geometric phase or Berry phase and the degeneracy energy levels when the magnetic rotates around Z axis. Based on the exact analytical solutions, we show how the Berry phase of the entangled state of this cluster depends on the external magnetic field parameters w （the angular velocity of the rotating magnetic field） and θ （the angle between the magnetic field and Z axis）.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB327605)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20120005120021)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2013RC1202)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(Grant No.NECT-11-0596)the Beijing Nova Program,China(Grant No.2011066)
文摘Frequency-tunable microwave signal generation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode （SLM） erbium-doped fiber ring laser based on a digital Opto-DMD processor and four-wave mixing （FWM） in a high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber （PCF）. The high-nonlinear PCF is employed for the generation of the FWM to obtain stable and uniform dual-wavelength oscillation. Two different short passive sub-ring cavities in the main ring cavity serve as mode filters to make SLM lasing. The two lasing wavelengths are electronically selected by loading different gratings on the Opto-DMD processor controlled with a computer. The wavelength spacing can be smartly adjusted from 0.165 nm to 1.08 nm within a tuning accuracy of 0.055 nm. Two microwave signals at 17.23 GHz and 27.47 GHz are achieved. The stability of the microwave signal is discussed. The system has the ability to generate a 137.36-GHz photonic millimeter signal at room temperature.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 60772002, and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education under Grant No 200800010037.
文摘We propose and theoretically analyze a plasmonic corrugated horn structure for enhanced optical transmission. It makes use of the enhancement of unidirectional propagating surface plasmon polaritons at oblique incidence. Geometric parameters such as the groove depth and width are optimized. Analysis shows that it presents a better performance than the bull＇s eye structure for a small number of grooves.
基金partly supported by the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology(No.AEET 2018KF003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51637002,11405144)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018CDXYTW0031,20720150022)the Construction Committee of Chongqing(No.2018-1-3-6)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2015DFR70390)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2018JJ3587)
文摘In this work,the super-hydrophobic(SH)surface was prepared through chemical vapor deposition process by an argon atmospheric pressure plasma jet source with HMDSN(hexamethyldisilazane)as the polymerization precursor.Plasma synthesized organosilicon(SiOxCyHz)thin films with water contact angle over 160°and sliding angle below 5°,were able to be achieved.FTIR and XPS analysis indicates a large number of hydrocarbon compositions were polymerized in the thin films enduing the latter very-low surface free energy.SEM shows the SH films display micro-nanostructure and with high degree of averaged surface roughness 190 nm evaluated by AFM analysis.From experiments under controlled low-temperature and moisture conditions,the prepared SH surface exhibits good anti-icing effects.Significantly prolonging freezing time was achievable on the SH thin films for both static and sliding water droplets.This investigation demonstrates the anti-icing potentials of SH surface prepared through low-cost simple atmospheric-pressure plasma polymerization process.
文摘We study an anisotropic spin cluster of 3 spin S=1/2 particles with antiferromagnetic exchange interactionwith non-uniform coupling constants.A time-dependent magnetic field is applied to control the time evolution of thecluster.It is well known that for an odd number of sites a spin cluster qubit can be defined in terms of the ground statedoublet.The universal one-qubit logic gate can be constructed from the time evolution operator of the non-autonomousmany-body system,and the six basic one-qubit gates can be realized by adjusting the applied time-dependent magneticfield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61171120)
文摘This paper focuses on the performance analysis of flexible reactive systems. The performance analysis consists of two phases： first system modeling, second performance evalua-tion. The paper models the flexible reactive system by the stochas-tic statecharts method, and uses the simulation method to evalu-ate the performance. To make use of the feature of event-triggered state transitions in the statecharts, a new method of simulation is proposed based on the techniques of the discrete-event system simulation. The new method solves the problem of computer imple-mentation of stochastic events, probabilistic transition, concurrent states, paral el actions, and broadcast communication mechanism in the stochastic statecharts. An example of a flexible manufactur-ing system is presented. The simulation result of the example is consistent with the analytical result, which shows the feasibility of the proposed new simulation method.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No.ZR2009AL001
文摘In this paper,we study a kind of dark energy models in the framework of the non-minimal coupling.With this kind of models,dark energy could cross the cosmological constant boundary,and at early time,dark energy could have 'tracking' behavior.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60871012 and 61171042)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. ZR2010FL018)the Higher Educational Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province,China (Grant No. J10LG74)
文摘The adsorption characteristics of Cs on GaN （0001） and GaN （0001） surfaces with a coverage from 1/4 to 1 monolayer have been investigated using the density functional theory with a plane-wave uttrasoft pseudopotential method based on first-principles calculations. The results show that the most stable position of the Cs adatom on the GaN （0001） surface is at the N-bridge site for 1/4 monolayer coverage. As the coverage of Cs atoms at the N-bridge site is increased, the adsorption energy reduces. As the Cs atoms achieve saturation, the adsorption is no longer stable when the coverage is 3/4 monolayer. The work function achieves its minimum value when the Cs adatom coverage is 2/4 monolayer, and then rises with Cs atomic coverage. The most stable position of Cs adatoms on the GaN （000i） surface is at H3 site for 1/4 monolayer coverage. As the Cs atomic coverage at H3 site is increased, the adsorption energy reduces, and the adsorption is still stable when the Cs adatom coverage is 1 monolayer. The work function reduces persistently, and does not rise with the increase of Cs coverage.
基金supported under Australian Research Council’s Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DECRA)funding scheme(project number DE150100924)The University of Melbourne’s Early Career Researcher(ECR)funding scheme(project number 602702)the Victoria Fellowship(D2015/35025)
文摘Optical wireless communications have been widely studied during the past decade in short-range applications, such as indoor highspeed wireless networks and interconnects in data centers and high-performance computing. In this paper, recent developments in high-speed short-range optical wireless communications are reviewed, including visible light communications （VLCs）, infrared indoor communication systems, and reconfigurable optical interconnects. The general architecture of indoor high-speed optical wireless communications is described, and the advantages and limitations of both visible and infrared based solutions are discussed. The concept of reconfigurable optical interconnects is presented, and key results are summarized. In addition, the challenges and potential future directions of short-range optical wireless communications are discussed.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.25ZR1401102)China Scholarship Council(CSC)ECNU Academic Innovation Promotion Program for Excellent Doctoral Students(No.YBNLTS2025-024).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have attracted significant interest as safe,low-cost,and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.However,their performance and stability are limited by complex interfacial phenomena such as zinc dendrite growth,parasitic side reactions,and the evolution of the solid electrolyte interphase.These processes are inherently dynamic and span multiple spatial and temporal scales,posing challenges to traditional ex situ characterization techniques.To address this,advanced in situ and operando techniques have been developed,broadly categorized into imaging,spectroscopic,synchrotron scattering/diffraction,and coupled mass spectrometry approaches.These methods enable real-time visualization and chemical analysis of the electrode/electrolyte interface,providing insights into nucleation and dissolution dynamics,interfacial chemical transformations,and the mechanisms driving dendrite formation and parasitic reactions.Through the integration of these complementary techniques,structural evolution can be correlated with electrochemical behavior,elucidating the underlying physicochemical mechanisms.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in in situ and operando characterization methods and highlights their contributions to understanding interfacial stability in aqueous ZIBs.Future directions emphasizing multi-modal strategies and data integration to guide the rational design of high-performance ZIBs are discussed.These insights are expected to accelerate the development of next-generation aqueous energy storage systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074222)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022‑PUMCH‑B‑054)
文摘Malnutrition is a crucial factor affecting the prognosis of various diseases,especially among elderly,surgical and critically ill patients.With the implementation of Diagnosis Related Groups(DRGs)and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet(DIP)in China,accurate diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition is essential for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient prognosis.These guidelines were developed by multidisciplinary experts through a systematic review of evidence-based medical literature.They adopt the new international standard for malnutrition diagnosis from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)proposed by the Global Nutrition Organization and categorize evidence levels,providing recommendations tailored to the Chinese population’s data and characteristics.The guidelines cover the entire process of malnutrition diagnosis in adult patients,including definition,epidemiology,nutrition risk screening,multi-level nutrition assessment,and diagnostic procedures.They also propose individualized diagnostic strategies for specific patient groups,such as obese or critically ill patients,and establish a standardized process for malnutrition diagnosis.At last,the guidelines form 27 questions,38 recommendations,in order to improve the practical capacity of malnutrition diagnosis in China.
基金supported by International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.124GJHZ2023031MI)Silk Road Science Fund(Iran National Science Foundation,No.4020701)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21875068)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2020ECNU-GXJC003).
文摘The formation of by-products significantly hinders ion transport in aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs),adversely affecting the stability of Zn metal anodes.Inspired by the scale-inhibition effect in oilfield chemistry,we introduced a hydrolysis-resistant 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS)monomer additive with strong anionic groups into the electrolyte to form a high-quality solid electrolyte interphase.This interphase ensures the inhibition of hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),resulting in stabilizing the local pH through reduced H^(+)consumption and minimizing the formation of by-products.Leveraging the strong polarity of the–SO_(3)H in AMPS,the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and the surface energy of the zinc substrate during deposition are effectively modulated.This behavior mitigates uneven nucleation at grain boundaries and defects,which facilitates the ordered deposition of Zn along the(002)plane,contributing to improved Zn electrode stability.Therefore,the Zn//Zn cell demonstrates cycling stability for over 4500 h at 1 mA·cm^(-2)/1 mAh·cm^(-2),while the Zn//MnO_(2)full cell retains 84%of its capacity after 4500 cycles.We believe our design concept offers a new pathway for developing by-product-free high-stability AZIBs.
文摘Accurate crop and weed discrimination plays a critical role in addressing the challenges of weed management in agriculture.The use of herbicides is currently the most common approach to weed control.However,herbicide resistant plants have long been recognised as a major concern due to the excessive use of herbicides.Effective weed detection techniques can reduce the cost of weed management and improve crop quality and yield.A computationally efficient and robust plant classification algorithm is developed and applied to the classification of three crops:Brassica napus(canola),Zea mays(maize/corn),and radish.The developed algorithm is based on the combination of Local Binary Pattern(LBP)operators,for the extraction of crop leaf textural features and Support vector machine(SVM)method,for multiclass plant classification.This paper presents the first investigation of the accuracy of the combined LBP algorithms,trained using a large dataset of canola,radish and barley leaf images captured by a testing facility under simulated field conditions.The dataset has four subclasses,background,canola,corn,and radish,with 24,000 images used for training and 6000 images,for validation.The dataset is referred herein as "bccr-segset"and published online.In each subclass,plant images are collected at four crop growth stages.Experimentally,the algorithm demonstrates plant classification accuracy as high as 91.85%,for the four classes.
基金research and innovation management center(RIMC)UNIMAS via Fundamental Research Grant Scheme FRGS/1/2017/TK10/UNIMAS/03/1,Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia.
文摘While several recent studies have focused on elimi-nating the imbalance of energy stored in series-connected battery cells,very little attention has been given to balancing the energy stored in parallel-connected battery cells.As such,this paper aims at presenting a new balancing approach for parallel LiFePO_(4) battery cells.In this regard,a Backpropagation Neural Network(BPNN)based technique is employed to develop a Battery Management System(BMS)that can assess the charging status of all cells and control its operations through a DC/DC Buck-Boost converter.Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in balancing the energy stored in parallel-connected battery cells in which the state of charge(SoC)estimation error is found to be only 1.15%.
文摘Irradiation with swift heavy ions causes the deformation of Ferric nanoparticles in direction of the ion beam.Fe nanoparticles with mean diameter of about 20 nm were prepared by gas flow sputtering and subsequently confined within silica films.Two silica films wherein two different densities of Fe nanoparticles are encapsulated were irradiated with 50 MeV Ag ions with fluences of few 1014 ions.cm^(-2) at 300 K and normal incidence.Transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the spherical Fe nanoparticles are deformed into prolate nanorods aligned in direction of the incident ion beam.The depth distribution profiles of irradiated particles reveal the presence of a critical fluence above which the elongation kinetics becomes dependent on the nanoparticles density.Analysis indicates that for the lower density particles,a saturation length is reached under irradiation to fluence between 3-4×10^(14) ions.cm^(-2).However,for the higher density,collective growth into aligned nanowires is presumed to take place.Hysteresis curves of the saturation magnetization and coercivity indicate an increasing magnetic anisotropy,which can be correlated with the deformation of nanoparticles in the direction of the ion beam.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2010CB327600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013RC1202)+2 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20120005120021)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NECT-11-0596)the Beijing Nova program(2011066)
文摘A stable three-channel dual-wavelength fiber ring laser is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The dig- ital mieromirror-deviee （DMD） processor can select and reeirculate any dual waveband from the gain spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber at each channel. The uniform and stable dual-wavelength oscillation is obtained by a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber, which causes two degenerate the four-wave-mixing processes. By loading different reproducibility diffraction gratings on the optoelectronic DMD processor, the laser can be operated stably in a three-channel dual-wavelength scheme at room temperature. The power fluctuation of each laser channel is less than -0.02 dB.
文摘文章作者在植物光谱识别的基础上提出了一种能够识别不同绿色植物的新颖光电子技术.该项技术运用于可见至近红外波段,在实验室环境和农田环境下,可以成功地采集和分析目标的光谱数据,对不同品种的绿色植物实施了精确识别.该项研究是由跨学科的西澳大利亚微光电子系统中心有限公司(the Western Australian Centre ofExcellence for MicroPhotonic Systems,Pty Ltd,)和中国大恒集团公司共同研究完成的,其目标是开发国际上首台野草传感器,使得除草剂的使用定位精确,既可显著提高作物的产量,又可节约80%除草剂,更重要的是保护环境,节约用水,对于农业和生态都有重要意义.
