Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalea...Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalean fungi(Ophiostoma canum,O.ips,O.tingens,Leptographium yunnanense,Leptographium sp.1 and Leptographium sp.2)were isolated from the beetles or their galleries;O.canum was the most common fungal species.The distribution of O.canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis).After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus,a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem.These results suggested that O.canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be benefi cial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine.However,because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild,fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited.A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles,blue-stain fungi,and the tree hosts in the region.展开更多
A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="...A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.展开更多
The micro-morphologies and biodiversities of the epidermis of flower petals of angiosperms were reported for the first time. By manual slicing anatomy and microscopic photography technique, the micro-morphologies of t...The micro-morphologies and biodiversities of the epidermis of flower petals of angiosperms were reported for the first time. By manual slicing anatomy and microscopic photography technique, the micro-morphologies of the upper and lower epidermis of petals of some common ornamental flowers in Kunming were studied, and the biodiversities were discovered. The results showed these much-varied pigment cells appeared not only a new compensation to anatomy, but<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">new criteria to taxonomy, so that a brand new research field of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cell Taxonomy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was established instead of the current </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chromosome Taxonomy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> widely used in phytosystematics research. Furthermore, the most interesting and significant phenomena w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> their scientific aesthetics: these pigment cells of flower petals were quite special, planary, far different from the ordinary plant cells in plant organs & tissues. By comparison to ordinary geometry, these colorful cells of the fresh flower petals could be described as “Quasi-geometry</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for their special origin and micro-morphological characteristics. As for the aspect of art, it was quite similar to “Quasi-crystal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> discovered by Daniel Schechtman, so that the art future was discussed, obviously another new epoch of scientific-art history began.</span>展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the functional activity and phytochemical composition in the flower petals of Paeonia delavayi(P delavay)in different colors.Materials and Methods:P delavayi petal extracts were...Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the functional activity and phytochemical composition in the flower petals of Paeonia delavayi(P delavay)in different colors.Materials and Methods:P delavayi petal extracts were prepared by maceration in methanol,including purple petal extract(PPE),red petal extract(RPE),and yellow petal extract(YPE),and their antioxidant activity and x-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated.To correlate these measured activities to phytochemicals in the petals,an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics method was applied to profile the compositions in the petals of different colors.Finally,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)metabolic pathways database was used to identify the related metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of these polyphenolic phytochermicals in the petals.Results:The results showed that PPE had the highest total phenolic content,total flavonoid content,and the strongest 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)radical scavenging ability,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and acetylcholin-esterase inhibition ability in all three samples,while YPE showed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activity and x-glucosidase inhibition ability.A total of 232 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis,198 of which were flavonoids,chalcones,flavonols,and anthocyanins.Correlation analysis indicated that peonidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside were the major contribu-tors to the antioxidant activity.Principal component analysis showed a clear separation among these three petals.In addition,a total of 38,98,and 96 differential metabolites were identified in PPE,RPE,and YPE,respectively.Pathway enrichment revealed 6 KEGG pathways that displayed significant enrichment differences,of which the anthocyanin biosynthesis,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were the most enriched signaling pathways,revealing a potential reason for the differences in met abolic and functional levels among different colors of P delavayi petal.Conclusions:P.delavayi petals in different colors have different metabolite contents and functional activities,of which the anthocyanin,flavone,and flavonol metabolites are critical in its functional activities,suggesting the anthocyanin biosynthesis,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis path-ways are the key pathways responsible for both petal color and bioactive phytochemicals in P delavayi flowers.展开更多
文摘Ophiostomatalean fungi may facilitate bark beetle colonization and reproduction.In the present study of the fungal community associated with bark beetle species belonging to Tomicus in Yunnan,China,six ophiostomatalean fungi(Ophiostoma canum,O.ips,O.tingens,Leptographium yunnanense,Leptographium sp.1 and Leptographium sp.2)were isolated from the beetles or their galleries;O.canum was the most common fungal species.The distribution of O.canum was associated with stands heavily damaged by Tomicus species and a higher percentage of valid galleries of Tomicus yunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan pine(Pinus yunnanensis).After inoculation of Yunnan pine with the fungus,a phloem reaction zone formed and monoterpenes accumulated in the phloem.These results suggested that O.canum was pathogenic to Yunnan pine and that the wide distribution of the fungus might be benefi cial to reproduction of pine shoot beetles in Yunnan pine.However,because the reaction zone and monoterpene accumulation were mild,fungal damage of Yunnan pine might be limited.A more integrated study considering all the fungal species should be done to better understand the interactions among bark beetles,blue-stain fungi,and the tree hosts in the region.
文摘A new species of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentianaceae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> described and illustrated;it has a spectacular characteristics of calyx lobe ciliolate, distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces on the two sides of Jinsha River, and then two subspecies have been further re-classified as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Gentiana</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">respectively</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The subsp.</span> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ciliolata</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> idistributes</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the right side of Jinsha River in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province and the subsp</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">longiloba</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> distributes itself </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">on the southwest and west part of Sichuan Province, such as Leibo County, Wenchuan County and Mabian Yi Autonomous Prefacture, in the grassland under forests and moist rock slopes at an altitude of 1300 - 3200 m.
文摘The micro-morphologies and biodiversities of the epidermis of flower petals of angiosperms were reported for the first time. By manual slicing anatomy and microscopic photography technique, the micro-morphologies of the upper and lower epidermis of petals of some common ornamental flowers in Kunming were studied, and the biodiversities were discovered. The results showed these much-varied pigment cells appeared not only a new compensation to anatomy, but<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">new criteria to taxonomy, so that a brand new research field of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Cell Taxonomy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was established instead of the current </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">“</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Chromosome Taxonomy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> widely used in phytosystematics research. Furthermore, the most interesting and significant phenomena w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> their scientific aesthetics: these pigment cells of flower petals were quite special, planary, far different from the ordinary plant cells in plant organs & tissues. By comparison to ordinary geometry, these colorful cells of the fresh flower petals could be described as “Quasi-geometry</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> for their special origin and micro-morphological characteristics. As for the aspect of art, it was quite similar to “Quasi-crystal</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">”</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> discovered by Daniel Schechtman, so that the art future was discussed, obviously another new epoch of scientific-art history began.</span>
基金the‘High-level Foreign Experts'Special Project of Yunnan Province Thousand Talents Plan and the‘Yunling Industrial Technology Leading Talents’Special Project of Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Talents Plan(No.[2018]212)the Digitalization,Development and Application of Biotic Resource of the Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Province(No.202002AA 10007)the Scientific Research Fund Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Education(No.2020Y0412),China.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the functional activity and phytochemical composition in the flower petals of Paeonia delavayi(P delavay)in different colors.Materials and Methods:P delavayi petal extracts were prepared by maceration in methanol,including purple petal extract(PPE),red petal extract(RPE),and yellow petal extract(YPE),and their antioxidant activity and x-glucosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated.To correlate these measured activities to phytochemicals in the petals,an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics method was applied to profile the compositions in the petals of different colors.Finally,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)metabolic pathways database was used to identify the related metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of these polyphenolic phytochermicals in the petals.Results:The results showed that PPE had the highest total phenolic content,total flavonoid content,and the strongest 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)radical scavenging ability,ferric reducing antioxidant power,and acetylcholin-esterase inhibition ability in all three samples,while YPE showed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging activity and x-glucosidase inhibition ability.A total of 232 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis,198 of which were flavonoids,chalcones,flavonols,and anthocyanins.Correlation analysis indicated that peonidin-3-O-arabinoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside were the major contribu-tors to the antioxidant activity.Principal component analysis showed a clear separation among these three petals.In addition,a total of 38,98,and 96 differential metabolites were identified in PPE,RPE,and YPE,respectively.Pathway enrichment revealed 6 KEGG pathways that displayed significant enrichment differences,of which the anthocyanin biosynthesis,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were the most enriched signaling pathways,revealing a potential reason for the differences in met abolic and functional levels among different colors of P delavayi petal.Conclusions:P.delavayi petals in different colors have different metabolite contents and functional activities,of which the anthocyanin,flavone,and flavonol metabolites are critical in its functional activities,suggesting the anthocyanin biosynthesis,flavone and flavonol biosynthesis path-ways are the key pathways responsible for both petal color and bioactive phytochemicals in P delavayi flowers.
