Eagle产品检测携其热门产品亮相于7月13~15日举办的Pro Pak China 2016,旨在进一步开拓中国市场,将符合大市场覆盖的产品设备更加广泛地推向受众。国家的发展使人民生活水平逐渐提高,2015年新《食品安全法》的颁布实施也标志着我国对食...Eagle产品检测携其热门产品亮相于7月13~15日举办的Pro Pak China 2016,旨在进一步开拓中国市场,将符合大市场覆盖的产品设备更加广泛地推向受众。国家的发展使人民生活水平逐渐提高,2015年新《食品安全法》的颁布实施也标志着我国对食品安全问题重视程度的加强。异物污染是威胁食品安全的问题之一,在生产线中配备合适的异物检测设备能够有效避免问题的发生,随着Eagle产品经理姚冰一起步入异物检测的世界,发现适合自身生产的设备。展开更多
The effects of austenite grain size on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe-20Mn-6Al-0.6C-0.15Si(wt.%)low-density steel were investigated.The microstructure of the experimental steel after so...The effects of austenite grain size on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe-20Mn-6Al-0.6C-0.15Si(wt.%)low-density steel were investigated.The microstructure of the experimental steel after solution treatment was single austenitic phase.The austenite grain size increased with solution temperature and time.A model was established to show the relationship between temperature,time and austenite grain size for the experimental steel.In addition,as the solution temperature increased,the strength decreased,while the elongation first increased and then decreased.This decrease in elongation after solution treatment at 1100℃ for 90 min is contributed to the over-coarse austenite grains.However,after solution treatment at 900℃ for 90 min,the strength-elongation product reached the highest value of 44.4 GPa%.As the austenite grain size increased,the intensity of<111>//tensile direction fiber decreased.This was accompanied by a decrease in dislocation density,resulting in a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and a lower work hardening rate.Therefore,the austenite grain size has a critical influence on the mechanical properties of the low-density steels.Coarser grains lead to a lower yield strength due to the Hall-Petch effect and a lower tensile strength because of lower dislocation strengthening.展开更多
There are considerable challenges associated with the design of ground support for seismically-active underground mines.It is extremely difficult to establish the demand on ground support as well as the capacity of a ...There are considerable challenges associated with the design of ground support for seismically-active underground mines.It is extremely difficult to establish the demand on ground support as well as the capacity of a ground support system.The resulting dynamic or impact loads caused by mining-induced seismicity are difficult to anticipate and quantify.The performance of a ground support system is defined by the load distribution and interaction between several reinforcement and surface support elements.Consequently,the design of ground support in seismically-active mines tends to evolve,or be modified based on qualitative assessments of perceived performance or response to significant seismic events or rockbursts.This research is motivated by a need to provide quantitative and data-driven design guidelines for ground support systems subjected to dynamic-loading conditions.Rockburst data were collected from three deep and seismically-active underground mines in the Sudbury basin in Canada.The constructed database comprises 209 seismic events that resulted in damage to mine excavations and ground support.These events were associated with damage at 324 locations within the three mines.The developed ground support design strategy,based on these documented case studies,identifies areas where the use of dynamic or enhanced support should be employed.The developed design methodology provides guidelines for the zoning of mine locations in which installation of enhanced support is recommended,the specifications for an optimal ground support system,and the timing or sequence of installation.展开更多
Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comp...Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act （SMCRA）, other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality （WDEQ）/Land Quality Division （LQD） administers Wyoming＇s coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine （NARM） located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD＇ s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM＇s specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase （a GIS/GPS approach） was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector＇s ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.展开更多
Field SZ36-1 is a water-flooded heavy oil reservoir with high porosity and unconsolidated sand. The recovery rate is low so that it becomes a challenge for production. Time-lapse seismic data is studied to improve the...Field SZ36-1 is a water-flooded heavy oil reservoir with high porosity and unconsolidated sand. The recovery rate is low so that it becomes a challenge for production. Time-lapse seismic data is studied to improve the oil recovery for this field, This feasibility study analyzes the possible time-lapse seismic attribute spatial distribution using dynamic data and the reservoir model to determine the optimum time to acquire a new seismic survey. Based on the study, it is found that the time-lapse seismic response for this unconsolidated sand has a strong signature due to solution gas when the reservoir pressure is below the bubble point. This indicates that acquiring a new survey after 10 years of production is appropriate for a time-lapse seismic application.展开更多
Objective:Job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling in the working environment,and it is an essential tool with which to improve patient safety,nurses’efficiency and performance,quality of care,retention and t...Objective:Job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling in the working environment,and it is an essential tool with which to improve patient safety,nurses’efficiency and performance,quality of care,retention and turnover of nurses,and commitment to the organization and the profession.There are few studies on job satisfaction of nurses in the country.Therefore,this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses using the available studies.Methods:This systematic review used the Preferred Repor ting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guideline to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of nurses’job satisfaction.Databases used for searching the included ar ticles from Pub Med,Embase,CINHAL,Google Scholar,HINARI,and Science Direct.All papers selected for inclusion were subjected to a rigorous appraisal using a standardized critical appraisal checklist(JBI checklist).STATA software(version 11)was used for the analysis,and 95%confidence intervals were calculated.The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity prevailing between the studies.Finally,a random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction in the country.Results:In this review,the data of 1,151 nurses were obtained from six studies.The pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction was found to be 39.53%(24.52,54.53).The prevalence of job satisfaction in the Central part of Ethiopia was low:31.12%(95%CI 5.25,56.99)compared to the South-Eastern part of Ethiopia’s 48.01%(95%CI 36.51,59.52).The most common predictors identified were salary(P<0.05),the leadership of the organization(P<0.05),and training opportunities(P<0.05).Conclusions:The pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among nurses was found to be low in comparison with global data.The significant predictors for nurses’job satisfaction are based on the review findings,salary,leadership of organization,and training opportunities.展开更多
1介绍
多工位测试是大多数模拟和混合信号器件生产厂家大批量测试的基石.随着并行测试工位数的提高,模拟和混合信号器件测试系统的设计人员需要不断的努力克服以前的架构的不足，架构的缺点会导致并行测试效率（PTE：Parallel Test Eff...1介绍
多工位测试是大多数模拟和混合信号器件生产厂家大批量测试的基石.随着并行测试工位数的提高,模拟和混合信号器件测试系统的设计人员需要不断的努力克服以前的架构的不足，架构的缺点会导致并行测试效率（PTE：Parallel Test Efficiency）的降低。展开更多
The elemental distribution and microstructure near the surface of high-Mn/Al austenitic low-density steel were investigated after isothermal holding at temperatures of 900-1200℃ in different atmospheres,including air...The elemental distribution and microstructure near the surface of high-Mn/Al austenitic low-density steel were investigated after isothermal holding at temperatures of 900-1200℃ in different atmospheres,including air,N_(2),and N_(2)+CO_(2).No ferrite was formed near the surface of the experimental steel during isothermal holding at 900 and 1000℃ in air,while ferrite was formed near the steel sur-face at holding temperatures of 1100 and 1200℃.The ferrite fraction was larger at 1200℃ because more C and Mn diffused to the sur-face,exuded from the steel,and then reacted with N and O to form oxidation products.The thickness of the compound scale increased owing to the higher diffusion rate at higher temperatures.In addition,after isothermal holding at 1100℃ in N_(2),the Al content near the surface slightly decreased,while the C and Mn contents did not change.Therefore,no ferrite was formed near the surface.However,the near-surface C and Al contents decreased after holding at 1100℃in the N_(2)+CO_(2)mixed atmosphere,resulting in the formation of a small amount of ferrite.The compound scale was thickest in N_(2),followed by the N_(2)+CO_(2)mixed atmosphere,and thinnest in air.Overall,the element loss and ferrite fraction were largest after holding in air at the same temperature.The differences in element loss and ferrite frac-tion between in N_(2) and N_(2)+CO_(2)atmospheres were small,but the compound scale formed in N_(2) was significantly thicker.According to these results,N_(2)+CO_(2)is the ideal heating atmosphere for the industrial production of high-Mn/Al austenitic low-density steel.展开更多
Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for s...Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field conditions.Laboratory tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure modes.Tests in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.展开更多
Background:Long-term ringing and telemetry studies show that the Osprey(Pandion haliaetus)is a broad-front migrant following different migratory flyways,depending on the geographical location of their breeding populat...Background:Long-term ringing and telemetry studies show that the Osprey(Pandion haliaetus)is a broad-front migrant following different migratory flyways,depending on the geographical location of their breeding populations.We have investigated two distinct and declining populations of Osprey in Poland,separated by only a few hundred kilometres,and hypothesised they may exhibit two different migration routes.We followed mortality causes,comparing them between migration and stationary phases of annual cycle,as well as between two distinct populations.Methods:Nineteen Ospreys,both juveniles and adults,were equipped with GPS loggers in 2017-2020 in two populations in western and eastern Poland and followed on their autumn migration.We calculated the distance they covered on the migration,number of stopover days,migration duration,daily distances covered and departure dates to compare them between age and sex classes and between the eastern and western populations.Results:Ospreys from the western and eastern populations showed a partial migratory divide.While the first migrated through a western flyway,the second followed a central flyway,resulting in crossing the Mediterranean Sea in distant passes that affected the distance covered.Annual mortality reached at least 67%in juveniles and at least 57%in adults.Conclusions:We showed that two distinct Osprey populations in Poland revealed a partial migratory divide,with one covering greater distances over sea and deserts over the central flyway.This might affect individual survival rates and contribute to a steeper decline in one of the populations.In order for this to be confirmed,more individuals still have to be followed.展开更多
The fundamental constants of Physics can be related via a numerical equivalence. This equivalence leads to a unitless transformation which reduces the number of fundamental constants and provides a simple relationship...The fundamental constants of Physics can be related via a numerical equivalence. This equivalence leads to a unitless transformation which reduces the number of fundamental constants and provides a simple relationship between E&M, gravitation and quantum mechanics. Unitless relationships in this paper are considered a representation associated with information processing internal to fundamental particles. The application of the unitless transformation (US9) to fundamental particle masses and lifetimes clearly demonstrates the applicability of this method to high energy physics.展开更多
The internal structure of the proton is chaotic according to the Standard Model. This paper explores several possibilities, based on US9-1, for producing an internal structure of the proton which is orderly. The hypot...The internal structure of the proton is chaotic according to the Standard Model. This paper explores several possibilities, based on US9-1, for producing an internal structure of the proton which is orderly. The hypothesis that quantized distance determination via particle to particle communication is required for force application eliminates E & M in the proton interior enabling a structure consisting of gravitational orbits. Communication velocities much greater than the velocity of light are required to enable the fundamental particles to generate the accepted laws of physics. In order to generate increasing complexity in Nature, the Uncertainty Principle must become the Organizational Principle. The Hydrogen atom is the source of evolution.展开更多
文摘Eagle产品检测携其热门产品亮相于7月13~15日举办的Pro Pak China 2016,旨在进一步开拓中国市场,将符合大市场覆盖的产品设备更加广泛地推向受众。国家的发展使人民生活水平逐渐提高,2015年新《食品安全法》的颁布实施也标志着我国对食品安全问题重视程度的加强。异物污染是威胁食品安全的问题之一,在生产线中配备合适的异物检测设备能够有效避免问题的发生,随着Eagle产品经理姚冰一起步入异物检测的世界,发现适合自身生产的设备。
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20270)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722486).
文摘The effects of austenite grain size on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe-20Mn-6Al-0.6C-0.15Si(wt.%)low-density steel were investigated.The microstructure of the experimental steel after solution treatment was single austenitic phase.The austenite grain size increased with solution temperature and time.A model was established to show the relationship between temperature,time and austenite grain size for the experimental steel.In addition,as the solution temperature increased,the strength decreased,while the elongation first increased and then decreased.This decrease in elongation after solution treatment at 1100℃ for 90 min is contributed to the over-coarse austenite grains.However,after solution treatment at 900℃ for 90 min,the strength-elongation product reached the highest value of 44.4 GPa%.As the austenite grain size increased,the intensity of<111>//tensile direction fiber decreased.This was accompanied by a decrease in dislocation density,resulting in a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and a lower work hardening rate.Therefore,the austenite grain size has a critical influence on the mechanical properties of the low-density steels.Coarser grains lead to a lower yield strength due to the Hall-Petch effect and a lower tensile strength because of lower dislocation strengthening.
文摘There are considerable challenges associated with the design of ground support for seismically-active underground mines.It is extremely difficult to establish the demand on ground support as well as the capacity of a ground support system.The resulting dynamic or impact loads caused by mining-induced seismicity are difficult to anticipate and quantify.The performance of a ground support system is defined by the load distribution and interaction between several reinforcement and surface support elements.Consequently,the design of ground support in seismically-active mines tends to evolve,or be modified based on qualitative assessments of perceived performance or response to significant seismic events or rockbursts.This research is motivated by a need to provide quantitative and data-driven design guidelines for ground support systems subjected to dynamic-loading conditions.Rockburst data were collected from three deep and seismically-active underground mines in the Sudbury basin in Canada.The constructed database comprises 209 seismic events that resulted in damage to mine excavations and ground support.These events were associated with damage at 324 locations within the three mines.The developed ground support design strategy,based on these documented case studies,identifies areas where the use of dynamic or enhanced support should be employed.The developed design methodology provides guidelines for the zoning of mine locations in which installation of enhanced support is recommended,the specifications for an optimal ground support system,and the timing or sequence of installation.
文摘Approximately 40% of USA coal originates in an ecologically sensitive area of semi-arid shortgrass prairie in Wyoming. Before a surface coal mine can begin operation in the USA, it must secure a mining permit and comply with regulations and performance standards under the USA Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act （SMCRA）, other federal environmental acts, and state programs. The Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality （WDEQ）/Land Quality Division （LQD） administers Wyoming＇s coal regulatory program. The permit application and bonding process for the largest surface coal mine permit in the USA, North Antelope Rochelle Mine （NARM） located in short grassland prairie in the northeast Wyoming, is discussed. The permit application process begins with the collection of baseline environ- mental data that characterizes premining conditions of the permit area. The permit application includes adjudication information, baseline information, mine and operation plans, and reclamation plans. Fulfillment of permit commitments and requirements of rules and regulations are inspected monthly by the LQD＇ s representative in the field. Before a mine permit is issued, the mine operator must submit a reclamation bond to secure the performance of reclamation obligations that is later revised annually. In Wyoming, four reclamation bond release phases indicate the completion of various stages of the reclamatikon process. NARM＇s specific bond release verification cirteria, performance standards, and field verificatoins of bond release phases are discussed. The Bond Release Geodatabase （a GIS/GPS approach） was developed for this mine to monitor progress in meeting criteria and performance standards for incremental bond release. The Bond Release Geodatabase significantly reduces the time needed to track bond release progress, reach agreement between operator and regulator, and improve the state inspector＇s ability to assess reclamation adequacy and progress.
文摘Field SZ36-1 is a water-flooded heavy oil reservoir with high porosity and unconsolidated sand. The recovery rate is low so that it becomes a challenge for production. Time-lapse seismic data is studied to improve the oil recovery for this field, This feasibility study analyzes the possible time-lapse seismic attribute spatial distribution using dynamic data and the reservoir model to determine the optimum time to acquire a new seismic survey. Based on the study, it is found that the time-lapse seismic response for this unconsolidated sand has a strong signature due to solution gas when the reservoir pressure is below the bubble point. This indicates that acquiring a new survey after 10 years of production is appropriate for a time-lapse seismic application.
文摘Objective:Job satisfaction is a positive emotional feeling in the working environment,and it is an essential tool with which to improve patient safety,nurses’efficiency and performance,quality of care,retention and turnover of nurses,and commitment to the organization and the profession.There are few studies on job satisfaction of nurses in the country.Therefore,this review aims to estimate the pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among Ethiopian nurses using the available studies.Methods:This systematic review used the Preferred Repor ting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guideline to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of nurses’job satisfaction.Databases used for searching the included ar ticles from Pub Med,Embase,CINHAL,Google Scholar,HINARI,and Science Direct.All papers selected for inclusion were subjected to a rigorous appraisal using a standardized critical appraisal checklist(JBI checklist).STATA software(version 11)was used for the analysis,and 95%confidence intervals were calculated.The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity prevailing between the studies.Finally,a random effect model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction in the country.Results:In this review,the data of 1,151 nurses were obtained from six studies.The pooled prevalence of nurses’job satisfaction was found to be 39.53%(24.52,54.53).The prevalence of job satisfaction in the Central part of Ethiopia was low:31.12%(95%CI 5.25,56.99)compared to the South-Eastern part of Ethiopia’s 48.01%(95%CI 36.51,59.52).The most common predictors identified were salary(P<0.05),the leadership of the organization(P<0.05),and training opportunities(P<0.05).Conclusions:The pooled prevalence of job satisfaction among nurses was found to be low in comparison with global data.The significant predictors for nurses’job satisfaction are based on the review findings,salary,leadership of organization,and training opportunities.
基金gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A20270)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M722486).We would like to thank Dr.Wei Yuan at the Analytical&Testing Center of Wuhan University of Science and Technology for the help on EPMA analyses.
文摘The elemental distribution and microstructure near the surface of high-Mn/Al austenitic low-density steel were investigated after isothermal holding at temperatures of 900-1200℃ in different atmospheres,including air,N_(2),and N_(2)+CO_(2).No ferrite was formed near the surface of the experimental steel during isothermal holding at 900 and 1000℃ in air,while ferrite was formed near the steel sur-face at holding temperatures of 1100 and 1200℃.The ferrite fraction was larger at 1200℃ because more C and Mn diffused to the sur-face,exuded from the steel,and then reacted with N and O to form oxidation products.The thickness of the compound scale increased owing to the higher diffusion rate at higher temperatures.In addition,after isothermal holding at 1100℃ in N_(2),the Al content near the surface slightly decreased,while the C and Mn contents did not change.Therefore,no ferrite was formed near the surface.However,the near-surface C and Al contents decreased after holding at 1100℃in the N_(2)+CO_(2)mixed atmosphere,resulting in the formation of a small amount of ferrite.The compound scale was thickest in N_(2),followed by the N_(2)+CO_(2)mixed atmosphere,and thinnest in air.Overall,the element loss and ferrite fraction were largest after holding in air at the same temperature.The differences in element loss and ferrite frac-tion between in N_(2) and N_(2)+CO_(2)atmospheres were small,but the compound scale formed in N_(2) was significantly thicker.According to these results,N_(2)+CO_(2)is the ideal heating atmosphere for the industrial production of high-Mn/Al austenitic low-density steel.
基金financially supported by the Fonds de recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (No. RQT00043)
文摘Diesel engine exhaust(DEE) and crystalline silica exposures occur simultaneously in the mining industry,and occupational sampling campaigns can be time-and cost-consuming. The authors evaluated a dualport system for simultaneous sampling of DEE and crystalline silica in laboratory and field conditions.Laboratory tests evaluated the operation of pumps during 8 h sampling and the intensity of the flow variation for various filter loading conditions and for different modes of operation. Field validation was performed in an underground mine. Pumps operated in constant flow or constant pressure modes.Tests in constant flow mode showed that when the flowrate increased on one side of the system, it decreased on the opposite side according to the loading intensity. Tests in constant pressure mode showed that flowrates systematically decreased when using loaded cassettes. However, the higher the backpressure setting, the lower the flow variation was. Flow variations during field tests were generally within the acceptable ±5% range. However, significant flow variations were identified in higher concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between flowrate variation and total carbon concentration. While the majority of tests support the use of the dual-port for evaluating concomitant exposures, results highlight the possibility of filter overloading as a cause of flowrate changes.
基金carried out over the course of the project“Osprey conservation in selected SPA Natura 2000 sites in Poland”LIFE15 NAT/PL/000819 funded by the European Union under the LIFE+programme and the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland。
文摘Background:Long-term ringing and telemetry studies show that the Osprey(Pandion haliaetus)is a broad-front migrant following different migratory flyways,depending on the geographical location of their breeding populations.We have investigated two distinct and declining populations of Osprey in Poland,separated by only a few hundred kilometres,and hypothesised they may exhibit two different migration routes.We followed mortality causes,comparing them between migration and stationary phases of annual cycle,as well as between two distinct populations.Methods:Nineteen Ospreys,both juveniles and adults,were equipped with GPS loggers in 2017-2020 in two populations in western and eastern Poland and followed on their autumn migration.We calculated the distance they covered on the migration,number of stopover days,migration duration,daily distances covered and departure dates to compare them between age and sex classes and between the eastern and western populations.Results:Ospreys from the western and eastern populations showed a partial migratory divide.While the first migrated through a western flyway,the second followed a central flyway,resulting in crossing the Mediterranean Sea in distant passes that affected the distance covered.Annual mortality reached at least 67%in juveniles and at least 57%in adults.Conclusions:We showed that two distinct Osprey populations in Poland revealed a partial migratory divide,with one covering greater distances over sea and deserts over the central flyway.This might affect individual survival rates and contribute to a steeper decline in one of the populations.In order for this to be confirmed,more individuals still have to be followed.
文摘The fundamental constants of Physics can be related via a numerical equivalence. This equivalence leads to a unitless transformation which reduces the number of fundamental constants and provides a simple relationship between E&M, gravitation and quantum mechanics. Unitless relationships in this paper are considered a representation associated with information processing internal to fundamental particles. The application of the unitless transformation (US9) to fundamental particle masses and lifetimes clearly demonstrates the applicability of this method to high energy physics.
文摘The internal structure of the proton is chaotic according to the Standard Model. This paper explores several possibilities, based on US9-1, for producing an internal structure of the proton which is orderly. The hypothesis that quantized distance determination via particle to particle communication is required for force application eliminates E & M in the proton interior enabling a structure consisting of gravitational orbits. Communication velocities much greater than the velocity of light are required to enable the fundamental particles to generate the accepted laws of physics. In order to generate increasing complexity in Nature, the Uncertainty Principle must become the Organizational Principle. The Hydrogen atom is the source of evolution.
