Particulate matter(PM)emitted by power machinery severely harms air quality and ecological balance,making the development of efficient and green PM-removal technologies a key global environmental challenge.This work b...Particulate matter(PM)emitted by power machinery severely harms air quality and ecological balance,making the development of efficient and green PM-removal technologies a key global environmental challenge.This work built a visualization system for diesel engine PM decomposition via non-thermal plasma(NTP),conducting multi-stage NTP oxidation at 120℃to clarify reaction pathways.The results demonstrate that NTP significantly influences the microcrystalline reconstruction and chemical evolution of PM.Early oxidation removes surface short crystallites,increasing crystallite length,reducing tortuosity,narrowing D1 peak,and boosting graphitization.Mid-stage sees NTP active substances penetrate inside,shortening crystallites and regularizing structure.Late-stage primary particles form“hollow shells”with few long crystallites,and order/graphitization rises again.Chemically,NTP reduces high-carbon components while increasing lowcarbon ones in PM soluble organics,decomposes C=C bonds to form oxygen-containing groups,enhances PM oxidation activity,weakensπ^(*)peaks,and strengthensσ^(*)peaks,clearly confirmed by the carbon K-edge electron energy loss spectra.This study clarifies the mechanistic pathways of NTP-driven PM decomposition,supporting clean energy advancement and atmospheric governance.展开更多
Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduit...Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.展开更多
This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical ...This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical signatures of shales from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,as well as anthracites from the Lower Permian Shanxi–Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation(collectively referred to as the Shanxi Taiyuan Formations).Additionally,burial and thermal evolution modeling was employed to support the analysis.A systematic assessment of Raman spectral parameters(e.g.,the positions and intensity ratio of the D and G bands)revealed robust correlations between the thermal history patterns of source rocks and molecular structural evolution parameters.The subsequent mechanistic quantification demonstrated that the maturation state of the source rocks was subjected to the hierarchical control of three principal factors:Peak heating temperature,the duration of sustained thermal intensity,and effective maturation duration.In addition,comparative analyses demonstrated that the anthracites attained higher structural ordering under sustained thermal conditions.This contrasts with the disordered carbon matrices observed in the intermittently heated shales.Raman spectroscopy further revealed broader variations in the D and G band intensities of the Longmaxi Formation compared to the Qiongzhusi Formation.This difference is associated with their different thermal histories.The thermal burial histories confirm that shales in the Longmaxi Formation underwent thermal exposure at lower peak temperatures over a shorter duration compared to those in the Qiongzhusi Formation.Finally,this study established a maturity calibration model for over-mature source rocks through a systematic correlation between Raman peak height ratios(R_(D/G))and vitrinite reflectance(R_(o)).展开更多
Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard...Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)represent a next-generation energy storage technology,but widespread applications are restricted by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).The rational design of separators has been d...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)represent a next-generation energy storage technology,but widespread applications are restricted by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).The rational design of separators has been demonstrated to be one of the most efficient and cost-effective strategies to curb the shuttle effect,and tremendous research progress has been achieved.The efficiency of a separator depends on its interaction with LiPSs,which is governed by the surface energy and binding strength.Despite several review works that have been reported to advance the separators,most of them primarily focus on active material innovation and construction.The most crucial issues of surface binding energy have not been systematically reviewed,limiting the precise design of efficient separators.In this review,fundamentals related to surface energy and binding interactions with LiPSs are comprehensively analyzed and discussed.With surface binding and energy main lines,the advancements in separator engineering strategies are elaborately summarized and discussed.Moreover,techniques for evaluating affinity to LiPSs are thoroughly analyzed to avoid any ambiguities in measurement.Based on the research context,valuable research directions are suggested to construct efficient separators.This work provides guidelines to regulate the surface binding and energy of separators for high-performance LSBs.展开更多
Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across...Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across the copper mining,beneficiation,and smelting processes using a life-cycle approach,providing important insights for arsenic pollution prevention and the resource utilization of arsenic-bearing solid waste.The results show that the amount of As in waste rock,tailing and concentrate are 53483 t,86632 t,76162 t,respectively.After smelting treatment,the amount of arsenic in different types of solid waste,wastewater,waste gas and products are 76128 t,1 t,31 t and 2 t,respectively,and the proportion in arsenic sulfide slag is the highest(55%).The amount of emission to the environment is 32 t,accounting for only 0.04%of total amount.In the future,key considerations are to improve the resource utilization rate of arsenic-containing solid waste(tailing,smelting slag),especially arsenic sulfide slag,and to digest its environmental risk.展开更多
Visual diagnosis of skin cancer is challenging due to subtle inter-class similarities,variations in skin texture,the presence of hair,and inconsistent illumination.Deep learning models have shown promise in assisting ...Visual diagnosis of skin cancer is challenging due to subtle inter-class similarities,variations in skin texture,the presence of hair,and inconsistent illumination.Deep learning models have shown promise in assisting early detection,yet their performance is often limited by the severe class imbalance present in dermoscopic datasets.This paper proposes CANNSkin,a skin cancer classification framework that integrates a convolutional autoencoder with latent-space oversampling to address this imbalance.The autoencoder is trained to reconstruct lesion images,and its latent embeddings are used as features for classification.To enhance minority-class representation,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)is applied directly to the latent vectors before classifier training.The encoder and classifier are first trained independently and later fine-tuned end-to-end.On the HAM10000 dataset,CANNSkin achieves an accuracy of 93.01%,a macro-F1 of 88.54%,and an ROC–AUC of 98.44%,demonstrating strong robustness across ten test subsets.Evaluation on the more complex ISIC 2019 dataset further confirms the model’s effectiveness,where CANNSkin achieves 94.27%accuracy,93.95%precision,94.09%recall,and 99.02%F1-score,supported by high reconstruction fidelity(PSNR 35.03 dB,SSIM 0.86).These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed latent-space balancing and fine-tuned representation learning as a new benchmark method for robust and accurate skin cancer classification across heterogeneous datasets.展开更多
Due to the atomic-level centrosymmetric spontaneous polarization,antiferroelectric materials exhibit a sensitively nonlinear capacitive response to plural physic fields(mainly electric field and temperature)in a certa...Due to the atomic-level centrosymmetric spontaneous polarization,antiferroelectric materials exhibit a sensitively nonlinear capacitive response to plural physic fields(mainly electric field and temperature)in a certain range,consequently leading to some superb material properties,e.g.,ripple suppression,elec-trocaloric cooling,and dielectric energy storage.However,there are many cognitive blanks about how this exotic multi-field relationε(E_(DC),T)is influenced and manipulated via microscopic structures in the anti-ferroelectrics.In this work,the classic antiferroelectric ceramics PLZT were selected to see this intelligent effect,based on a quad-parameterizedε(E_(DC))relation on the dependence of T.εrelations were studied under different material compositions,temperature,frequency,AC electric field,and DC electric field,re-vealing lattice/domain structure evolution and the underlying mechanism.The inherent phase stability,introduced random field,and hierarchical hysteresis states were found to co-dominate this multi-field nonlinear relation.This work would not only contribute to future progress in the current applications(ripple suppression/electrocaloric cooling/dielectric energy storage)but imply the possibility of co-sensing temperature and electric potential simply and smartly.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as the most formidable competitor to lithium-ion batteries due to their superior theoretical capacity.However,the negative impact of soluble lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)and slo...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as the most formidable competitor to lithium-ion batteries due to their superior theoretical capacity.However,the negative impact of soluble lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)and slow redox reaction kinetics seriously hamper the commercialization of Li-S batteries.In this study,a defect-rich single-atom catalyst with an oversaturated asymmetric Fe-N_(5)coordination structure anchored in defective g-C_(3)N_(4)(C_(3)N_(4)-Fe@rGO)is designed via an absorption-pyrolysis strategy.The two-dimensional(2D)conducting C_(3)N_(4)@graphene structure with abundant defect sites accelerates the trans-fer and transportation of lithium ions and electrons.The oversaturated asymmetric Fe-N_(5)coordination structure effectively improves the adsorbility of LiPSs and accelerates the redox kinetics of sulfur species.Hence,the Li-S cell with a C_(3)N_(4)-Fe@rGO modified separator reveals a high initial capacity(1197.1 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 C)and a low capacity decay rate(0.037%per cycle after 900 cycles at 1 C).Even at high sulfur loading and extreme temperatures of 0℃,it also shows good cycling performance.This work creates ideas for synthesizing oversaturated single-atom coordination environments and an efficient route to the practical realization of the Li-S batteries.展开更多
The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray ...The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray sensitivity.This comprehensive review delves into cutting-edge approaches for optimizing MHP scintillators performances by enhancing intrinsic physical properties and employing engineering radioluminescent(RL)light strategies,underscoring their potential for developing materials with superior high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging capabilities.We initially explore into recent research focused on strategies to effectively engineer the intrinsic physical properties of MHP scintillators,including light yield and response times.Additionally,we explore innovative engineering strategies involving stacked structures,waveguide effects,chiral circularly polarized luminescence,increased transparency,and the fabrication of flexile MHP scintillators,all of which effectively manage the RL light to achieve high-resolution and high-contrast X-ray imaging.Finally,we provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation MHP scintillators,highlighting their transformative potential in high-performance X-ray detection systems.展开更多
In eutrophic shallow lakes,cyanobacterial blooms will occur frequently and then settle into sediment,leading the formation of fluid sediment.Several factors including temperature can influence surface sediment propert...In eutrophic shallow lakes,cyanobacterial blooms will occur frequently and then settle into sediment,leading the formation of fluid sediment.Several factors including temperature can influence surface sediment properties.In this study,the influence of temperatures on surface sediment properties was determined in microcosm experiments through monitoring sediment physicochemical and rheological properties.During one-month incubation,it was found that surface sediment density and water content varied exponentially with increase in temperatures from 10 to 35℃.The results of particle size distribution indicated that cyanobacterial blooms biomass(CBB)degradation in sediment led to sediment flocculation and agglomeration.In themeantime,therewere high ratios polysaccharide/protein in extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs),which enhanced the sediment particle agglomeration.Further,the yield stress in rheological test for sediment with(R^(2)=0.97)and without(R^(2)=0.85)CBB presented an exponential decay with increase in temperatures.And a threshold value at 20℃ for sediment critical shear stress(τ_(cr))indicated that sediment could be resuspended easier when temperature was more than 20℃.Altogether,this study showed that the increase in temperatures with a threshold at 20℃,can cause sediment particle flocculation,resulting in a loose and fragile structure.And the results would be helpful to sediment management considering environmental effects of sediment suspension for eutrophication shallow lakes.展开更多
The development of generative architectures has resulted in numerous novel deep-learning models that generate images using text inputs.However,humans naturally use speech for visualization prompts.Therefore,this paper...The development of generative architectures has resulted in numerous novel deep-learning models that generate images using text inputs.However,humans naturally use speech for visualization prompts.Therefore,this paper proposes an architecture that integrates speech prompts as input to image-generation Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)model,leveraging Speech-to-Text translation along with the CLIP+VQGAN model.The proposed method involves translating speech prompts into text,which is then used by the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining(CLIP)+Vector Quantized Generative Adversarial Network(VQGAN)model to generate images.This paper outlines the steps required to implement such a model and describes in detail the methods used for evaluating the model.The GAN model successfully generates artwork from descriptions using speech and text prompts.Experimental outcomes of synthesized images demonstrate that the proposed methodology can produce beautiful abstract visuals containing elements from the input prompts.The model achieved a Frechet Inception Distance(FID)score of 28.75,showcasing its capability to produce high-quality and diverse images.The proposed model can find numerous applications in educational,artistic,and design spaces due to its ability to generate images using speech and the distinct abstract artistry of the output images.This capability is demonstrated by giving the model out-of-the-box prompts to generate never-before-seen images with plausible realistic qualities.展开更多
Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental condit...Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental conditions that facilitate the persistence of species during environmental changes and exhibit unique ecoevolutionary dynamics.However,our knowledge about how topographic complexity and related ecoevolutionary selective forces influence the functional and phylogenetic signatures of species assemblages in microrefugia is very limited.Although the conceptual framework on the systematic integration of plant functional traits into the study of refugia is well established,more empirical studies on functional trait composition and functional diversity in refugia are urgently needed for more effective conservation.Here we analyzed the distribution of various plant functional traits and phylogenetic patterns in microhabitats(south-and north-facing slopes,and bottoms)of 30 large topographic depressions(i.e.doline microrefugia)and microhabitats of the surrounding plateaus in two distant forested karst regions.We found that plant assemblages in the understory of dolines and their surroundings are characterized by unique functional values and combinations of traits.Doline bottoms had the highest functional diversity among doline microhabitats and supported plant assemblages with considerably different trait compositions from the plateaus.Bottoms also had the highest phylogenetic diversity.These results suggest that topographic complexity in forested dolines has a significant effect on the distribution of plant functional traits in the understory.High functional and phylogenetic diversity in doline bottoms can have important consequences for the long-term survival of plant populations,highlighting that these microhabitats may provide a higher resilience and support an adaptive community-level response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.Understanding mechanisms that drive the survival of species within microrefugia is required to determine the best conservation and management strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a persistent and progressive autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and fibrotic changes in the affected tissues.Cases of IgG4-RD causing pulmonary lesions ...BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a persistent and progressive autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and fibrotic changes in the affected tissues.Cases of IgG4-RD causing pulmonary lesions are relatively rare,and some may be misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis.CASE SUMMARY In this report,we present an uncommon instance of IgG4-related lung disease,which was diagnosed through lung tissue biopsy conducted via puncture.A 67-year-old male was hospitalized with a two-month history of cough and sputum production.Chest computed tomography(CT)revealed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in both upper lungs.However,the initial diagnosis was unclear,and the patient received HZRE quadruple therapy for tuberculosis at a local hospital.After 45 days of anti-tuberculosis treatment,the patient's cough and sputum worsened,and he began coughing up blood,prompting transfer to our hospital.Serum tests revealed elevated IgG4 levels.A biopsy of a right lung showed localized fibrous and extensive plasma cell infiltration,with 30-40 IgG4-positive cells per high-power field,and an IgG4/IgG ratio of 40%.These findings led to a diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease.Following treatment with prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil,follow-up lung CT scans showed significant lesion improvement.CONCLUSION The chest CT findings of IgG4-RD are diverse and nonspecific,often leading to misdiagnosis as pulmonary tuberculosis,especially in primary care settings with limited diagnostic resources.We confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease through histological examination.展开更多
Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained thr...Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.The presentation of Fig.8 in original version was incorrect.The correct version is given below.展开更多
Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the h...Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.展开更多
Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials...Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials(EFMs),particularly high-end oxidation systems using eco-friendly nanomaterials,show promise for absorbing and degrading ECs.This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of diverse traditional restoration techniques-biological,physical,and chemical-assessing their respective applications and limitations in pesticide-contaminated water purification.Through meticulous comparison,we unequivocally advocate for the imperative integration of environmentally benign nanomaterials,notably titanium-based variants,in forthcoming methodologies.Our in-depth exploration scrutinizes the catalytic efficacy,underlying mechanisms,and adaptability of pioneering titanium-based nanomaterials across a spectrum of environmental contexts.Additionally,strategic recommendations are furnished to surmount challenges and propel the frontiers of implementing eco-friendly nanomaterials in practical water treatment scenarios.展开更多
Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pa...Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pathogens impacting the cornea and conjunctiva,resulting in recurrent illness,epidemic outbreaks,and virus-associated neoplasia.Progress in virology,immunology,and molecular diagnostics has enhanced comprehension of host–virus interactions and introduced novel therapeutic opportunities.A narrative literature review was performed utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,encompassing papers published from 2000 to 2025,with a specific focus on research from 2020 onwards.Eligible publications were peer-reviewed clinical and experimental investigations,together with reviews that focused on epidemiology,etiology,diagnostic methodologies,and therapeutic alternatives.Research indicates that HSV keratitis is the predominant infectious cause of corneal blindness in high-income nations,although adenovirus persists in instigating epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis in the absence of licensed antiviral treatments.CMV keratitis,previously confined to immunocompromised persons,is now acknowledged in immunocompetent patients as a causative agent of corneal endotheliitis.HPV is associated with ocular surface squamous neoplasia,especially in areas with elevated ultraviolet exposure and high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.Innovative molecular diagnostics,innovative antiviral agents,immunomodulatory approaches,and immunization initiatives signify significant progress that could enhance preventative and therapeutic results.展开更多
As battlefield scale enlarges,cross-platform collaborative combat provides an appealing paradigm for modern warfare.Complicated constraints and vast solution space pose great challenge for reasonable and efficient mis...As battlefield scale enlarges,cross-platform collaborative combat provides an appealing paradigm for modern warfare.Complicated constraints and vast solution space pose great challenge for reasonable and efficient mission planning,where path planning and target assignment are tightly coupled.In this paper,we focus on UAV mission planning under carrier delivery mode(e.g.,by aircraft carrier,ground vehicle,or transport aircraft) and design a three-layer hierarchical solution framework.In the first layer,we simultaneously determine delivery points and target set division by clustering.To address the safety concerns of radar risk and UAV endurance,an improved density peak clustering algorithm is developed by constraint fusio n.In the second layer,mission planning within each cluster is viewed as a coope rative multiple-task assignment problem.A hybrid heuristic algorithm that integrates a voting-based heuristic solution generation strategy(VHSG) and a stochastic variable neighborhood search(SVNS),called VHSG-SVNS,is proposed for rapid solution.Based on the results of the first two layers,the third layer transforms carrier path planning into a multiple-vehicle routing problem with time window.The cost between any two nodes is calculated by the A~* algorithm,and the genetic algorithm is then implemented to determine the global route.Finally,a practical mission scenario containing 200 targets is used to validate the effectiveness of the designed framework,where three layers cooperate well with each other to generate satisfactory combat scheduling.Comparisons are made in each layer to highlight optimum-seeking capability and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.Works done in this paper provide a simple but efficient solution framework for cross-platform cooperative mission planning problems,and can be potentially extended to other applications such as post-disaster search and rescue,forest surveillance and firefighting,logistics pick and delivery,etc.展开更多
This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport ...This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport emissions were estimated using a vehicle kilometer traveled methodology derived from a survey of 200,000 vehicles.A regression analysis was conducted to assess residential fuel usage,considering recent changes in consumption patterns and updated data on cleaner fuels.Estimates for the thermal power sector were based on emission monitoring data.The residential sector is the predominant source of PM_(2.5)(1112 kt),PM_(10)(1678 kt),CO(10630 kt),and VOC(2558 kt).The thermal power sector is the predominant source of secondary air pollutant precursors such as NO_(x)(2328 kt)and SO_(2)(4694 kt).India has the highest emission intensity per gross domestic product(GDP)across sectors compared to other countries.For example,PM_(2.5)emissions per GDP from the roads in India are 14,21,and 10 times that of those in China,the USA,and Europe.The southern(29%),eastern(30%),and central(36%)regions were the notable contributors to emissions from transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Urban areas contributed 5%of the total residential sector emissions across India but 25%of the total road transport sector emissions nationwide.Moreover,power plants within or near the non-attainment cities were responsible for 12%of the overall thermal power pollution recorded across India.The study identifies unequal emission burdens,with economically disadvantaged regions bearing the brunt.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52276115,62004143)the Open Fund for Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Internal Combustion Engines,the Key R&D Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2022BAA084)+2 种基金the Key Project of Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.D20241501)the National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Grant No.202410299069Z)the Innovation Project of Engineering Research Center of Phosphorus Resources Development and Utilization of Ministry of Education(Grant No.LCX202404)。
文摘Particulate matter(PM)emitted by power machinery severely harms air quality and ecological balance,making the development of efficient and green PM-removal technologies a key global environmental challenge.This work built a visualization system for diesel engine PM decomposition via non-thermal plasma(NTP),conducting multi-stage NTP oxidation at 120℃to clarify reaction pathways.The results demonstrate that NTP significantly influences the microcrystalline reconstruction and chemical evolution of PM.Early oxidation removes surface short crystallites,increasing crystallite length,reducing tortuosity,narrowing D1 peak,and boosting graphitization.Mid-stage sees NTP active substances penetrate inside,shortening crystallites and regularizing structure.Late-stage primary particles form“hollow shells”with few long crystallites,and order/graphitization rises again.Chemically,NTP reduces high-carbon components while increasing lowcarbon ones in PM soluble organics,decomposes C=C bonds to form oxygen-containing groups,enhances PM oxidation activity,weakensπ^(*)peaks,and strengthensσ^(*)peaks,clearly confirmed by the carbon K-edge electron energy loss spectra.This study clarifies the mechanistic pathways of NTP-driven PM decomposition,supporting clean energy advancement and atmospheric governance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82202718the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,No.L212050the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Nos.2019M664007,2021T140793(all to ZL)。
文摘Autografting is the gold standard for surgical repair of nerve defects>5 mm in length;however,autografting is associated with potential complications at the nerve donor site.As an alternative,nerve guidance conduits may be used.The ideal conduit should be flexible,resistant to kinks and lumen collapse,and provide physical cues to guide nerve regeneration.We designed a novel flexible conduit using electrospinning technology to create fibers on the innermost surface of the nerve guidance conduit and employed melt spinning to align them.Subsequently,we prepared disordered electrospun fibers outside the aligned fibers and helical melt-spun fibers on the outer wall of the electrospun fiber lumen.The presence of aligned fibers on the inner surface can promote the extension of nerve cells along the fibers.The helical melt-spun fibers on the outer surface can enhance resistance to kinking and compression and provide stability.Our novel conduit promoted nerve regeneration and functional recovery in a rat sciatic nerve defect model,suggesting that it has potential for clinical use in human nerve injuries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42362022)the Open Fund of the Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology(PAG-202406)the Open Fund of the Mine Geology and Environment Academician and Expert Workstation(2024OITYSZJGZZ-005)。
文摘This study investigated the heterogeneous responses of organic matter(OM)in highly-to over-mature source rocks during thermal maturation.An integrated analysis was conducted on the Raman spectroscopic and geochemical signatures of shales from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation,as well as anthracites from the Lower Permian Shanxi–Formation and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation(collectively referred to as the Shanxi Taiyuan Formations).Additionally,burial and thermal evolution modeling was employed to support the analysis.A systematic assessment of Raman spectral parameters(e.g.,the positions and intensity ratio of the D and G bands)revealed robust correlations between the thermal history patterns of source rocks and molecular structural evolution parameters.The subsequent mechanistic quantification demonstrated that the maturation state of the source rocks was subjected to the hierarchical control of three principal factors:Peak heating temperature,the duration of sustained thermal intensity,and effective maturation duration.In addition,comparative analyses demonstrated that the anthracites attained higher structural ordering under sustained thermal conditions.This contrasts with the disordered carbon matrices observed in the intermittently heated shales.Raman spectroscopy further revealed broader variations in the D and G band intensities of the Longmaxi Formation compared to the Qiongzhusi Formation.This difference is associated with their different thermal histories.The thermal burial histories confirm that shales in the Longmaxi Formation underwent thermal exposure at lower peak temperatures over a shorter duration compared to those in the Qiongzhusi Formation.Finally,this study established a maturity calibration model for over-mature source rocks through a systematic correlation between Raman peak height ratios(R_(D/G))and vitrinite reflectance(R_(o)).
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20112)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government,China(Grant Nos.T22-606/23-R and 16206923).
文摘Glacier landslide cascading hazards pose threats to communities and infrastructure,affected by complex processes including the amplification of mass flow volume through erosion and entrainment,transformation of hazard types,ice-water phase change,and enhanced mobility of the mass flow.Scientifically simulating these physical phenomena proves challenging.This study introduces GMFA(glacier mass flow analysis),an integrated numerical model that advances the field by:(1)proposing depth-averaged fluctuation energy and internal energy equations,(2)incorporating the ice-water phase change and the entrainment-deposition process,and(3)capturing their effects on mass flow runout characteristics.The model employs the finite volume method to solve the multi-physics coupled governing equations,enabling efficient large-scale simulations.The model is verified through three numerical tests covering flow dynamics,temperature evolution,and thermo-hydro-mechanical runout processes.The model is applied to analyze a hazard chain that occurred on 10 September 2020 on the Tibetan Plateau.The multi-scenario simulation results indicate an entrained mass volume of(4.95±0.11)×10^(5)m^(3),and a ratio of entrained mass volume to source material volume of 0.44.The solid concentration decreases from 0.6-0.7 to 0.1-0.15 with increasing runout distance,indicating a transition from avalanche to debris flood.The internal energy rises by(3-4)×10^(3)kJ/m^(3),driving rapid ice melting from 0.1 to 0.2 to near-zero concentration.The model effectively quantifies volume amplification,ice-water phase changes,and multi-hazard transformations.This model pushes the geoscience frontier,extending computational capability from single-to multi-hazard simulations and providing a powerful tool for analyzing glacier cascading hazards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172228)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2024J01475 and 2023J05127)
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)represent a next-generation energy storage technology,but widespread applications are restricted by the shuttle of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).The rational design of separators has been demonstrated to be one of the most efficient and cost-effective strategies to curb the shuttle effect,and tremendous research progress has been achieved.The efficiency of a separator depends on its interaction with LiPSs,which is governed by the surface energy and binding strength.Despite several review works that have been reported to advance the separators,most of them primarily focus on active material innovation and construction.The most crucial issues of surface binding energy have not been systematically reviewed,limiting the precise design of efficient separators.In this review,fundamentals related to surface energy and binding interactions with LiPSs are comprehensively analyzed and discussed.With surface binding and energy main lines,the advancements in separator engineering strategies are elaborately summarized and discussed.Moreover,techniques for evaluating affinity to LiPSs are thoroughly analyzed to avoid any ambiguities in measurement.Based on the research context,valuable research directions are suggested to construct efficient separators.This work provides guidelines to regulate the surface binding and energy of separators for high-performance LSBs.
文摘Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across the copper mining,beneficiation,and smelting processes using a life-cycle approach,providing important insights for arsenic pollution prevention and the resource utilization of arsenic-bearing solid waste.The results show that the amount of As in waste rock,tailing and concentrate are 53483 t,86632 t,76162 t,respectively.After smelting treatment,the amount of arsenic in different types of solid waste,wastewater,waste gas and products are 76128 t,1 t,31 t and 2 t,respectively,and the proportion in arsenic sulfide slag is the highest(55%).The amount of emission to the environment is 32 t,accounting for only 0.04%of total amount.In the future,key considerations are to improve the resource utilization rate of arsenic-containing solid waste(tailing,smelting slag),especially arsenic sulfide slag,and to digest its environmental risk.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2601).
文摘Visual diagnosis of skin cancer is challenging due to subtle inter-class similarities,variations in skin texture,the presence of hair,and inconsistent illumination.Deep learning models have shown promise in assisting early detection,yet their performance is often limited by the severe class imbalance present in dermoscopic datasets.This paper proposes CANNSkin,a skin cancer classification framework that integrates a convolutional autoencoder with latent-space oversampling to address this imbalance.The autoencoder is trained to reconstruct lesion images,and its latent embeddings are used as features for classification.To enhance minority-class representation,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTE)is applied directly to the latent vectors before classifier training.The encoder and classifier are first trained independently and later fine-tuned end-to-end.On the HAM10000 dataset,CANNSkin achieves an accuracy of 93.01%,a macro-F1 of 88.54%,and an ROC–AUC of 98.44%,demonstrating strong robustness across ten test subsets.Evaluation on the more complex ISIC 2019 dataset further confirms the model’s effectiveness,where CANNSkin achieves 94.27%accuracy,93.95%precision,94.09%recall,and 99.02%F1-score,supported by high reconstruction fidelity(PSNR 35.03 dB,SSIM 0.86).These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed latent-space balancing and fine-tuned representation learning as a new benchmark method for robust and accurate skin cancer classification across heterogeneous datasets.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.U2002217,11774366 and 52102342).
文摘Due to the atomic-level centrosymmetric spontaneous polarization,antiferroelectric materials exhibit a sensitively nonlinear capacitive response to plural physic fields(mainly electric field and temperature)in a certain range,consequently leading to some superb material properties,e.g.,ripple suppression,elec-trocaloric cooling,and dielectric energy storage.However,there are many cognitive blanks about how this exotic multi-field relationε(E_(DC),T)is influenced and manipulated via microscopic structures in the anti-ferroelectrics.In this work,the classic antiferroelectric ceramics PLZT were selected to see this intelligent effect,based on a quad-parameterizedε(E_(DC))relation on the dependence of T.εrelations were studied under different material compositions,temperature,frequency,AC electric field,and DC electric field,re-vealing lattice/domain structure evolution and the underlying mechanism.The inherent phase stability,introduced random field,and hierarchical hysteresis states were found to co-dominate this multi-field nonlinear relation.This work would not only contribute to future progress in the current applications(ripple suppression/electrocaloric cooling/dielectric energy storage)but imply the possibility of co-sensing temperature and electric potential simply and smartly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2060 and 22178116)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.22ZR1417400)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.222201817001,50321041918013,JKA01221601,JKD01241701).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as the most formidable competitor to lithium-ion batteries due to their superior theoretical capacity.However,the negative impact of soluble lithium polysulfide(LiPSs)and slow redox reaction kinetics seriously hamper the commercialization of Li-S batteries.In this study,a defect-rich single-atom catalyst with an oversaturated asymmetric Fe-N_(5)coordination structure anchored in defective g-C_(3)N_(4)(C_(3)N_(4)-Fe@rGO)is designed via an absorption-pyrolysis strategy.The two-dimensional(2D)conducting C_(3)N_(4)@graphene structure with abundant defect sites accelerates the trans-fer and transportation of lithium ions and electrons.The oversaturated asymmetric Fe-N_(5)coordination structure effectively improves the adsorbility of LiPSs and accelerates the redox kinetics of sulfur species.Hence,the Li-S cell with a C_(3)N_(4)-Fe@rGO modified separator reveals a high initial capacity(1197.1 mAh g^(-1) at 0.2 C)and a low capacity decay rate(0.037%per cycle after 900 cycles at 1 C).Even at high sulfur loading and extreme temperatures of 0℃,it also shows good cycling performance.This work creates ideas for synthesizing oversaturated single-atom coordination environments and an efficient route to the practical realization of the Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(U2241236,1220041913,52473253)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022ZDZX0007)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Open Subject Grant Program of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing Laboratory of Shandong Province(AMGM2024F15)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202402AB080011).
文摘The relentless pursuit of advanced X-ray detection technologies has been significantly bolstered by the emergence of metal halides perovskites(MHPs)and their derivatives,which possess remarkable light yield and X-ray sensitivity.This comprehensive review delves into cutting-edge approaches for optimizing MHP scintillators performances by enhancing intrinsic physical properties and employing engineering radioluminescent(RL)light strategies,underscoring their potential for developing materials with superior high-resolution X-ray detection and imaging capabilities.We initially explore into recent research focused on strategies to effectively engineer the intrinsic physical properties of MHP scintillators,including light yield and response times.Additionally,we explore innovative engineering strategies involving stacked structures,waveguide effects,chiral circularly polarized luminescence,increased transparency,and the fabrication of flexile MHP scintillators,all of which effectively manage the RL light to achieve high-resolution and high-contrast X-ray imaging.Finally,we provide a roadmap for advancing next-generation MHP scintillators,highlighting their transformative potential in high-performance X-ray detection systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52209102 and U2240208)the Doctoral Program of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCBS20211393)+1 种基金the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ20190050)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Jiang Province,China(No.BK20220043).
文摘In eutrophic shallow lakes,cyanobacterial blooms will occur frequently and then settle into sediment,leading the formation of fluid sediment.Several factors including temperature can influence surface sediment properties.In this study,the influence of temperatures on surface sediment properties was determined in microcosm experiments through monitoring sediment physicochemical and rheological properties.During one-month incubation,it was found that surface sediment density and water content varied exponentially with increase in temperatures from 10 to 35℃.The results of particle size distribution indicated that cyanobacterial blooms biomass(CBB)degradation in sediment led to sediment flocculation and agglomeration.In themeantime,therewere high ratios polysaccharide/protein in extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs),which enhanced the sediment particle agglomeration.Further,the yield stress in rheological test for sediment with(R^(2)=0.97)and without(R^(2)=0.85)CBB presented an exponential decay with increase in temperatures.And a threshold value at 20℃ for sediment critical shear stress(τ_(cr))indicated that sediment could be resuspended easier when temperature was more than 20℃.Altogether,this study showed that the increase in temperatures with a threshold at 20℃,can cause sediment particle flocculation,resulting in a loose and fragile structure.And the results would be helpful to sediment management considering environmental effects of sediment suspension for eutrophication shallow lakes.
基金funded by the Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS),Faculty of Engineering and IT,University of Technology SydneyMoreover,supported by the Researchers Supporting Project,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,under Ongoing Research Funding(ORF-2025-14).
文摘The development of generative architectures has resulted in numerous novel deep-learning models that generate images using text inputs.However,humans naturally use speech for visualization prompts.Therefore,this paper proposes an architecture that integrates speech prompts as input to image-generation Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)model,leveraging Speech-to-Text translation along with the CLIP+VQGAN model.The proposed method involves translating speech prompts into text,which is then used by the Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining(CLIP)+Vector Quantized Generative Adversarial Network(VQGAN)model to generate images.This paper outlines the steps required to implement such a model and describes in detail the methods used for evaluating the model.The GAN model successfully generates artwork from descriptions using speech and text prompts.Experimental outcomes of synthesized images demonstrate that the proposed methodology can produce beautiful abstract visuals containing elements from the input prompts.The model achieved a Frechet Inception Distance(FID)score of 28.75,showcasing its capability to produce high-quality and diverse images.The proposed model can find numerous applications in educational,artistic,and design spaces due to its ability to generate images using speech and the distinct abstract artistry of the output images.This capability is demonstrated by giving the model out-of-the-box prompts to generate never-before-seen images with plausible realistic qualities.
基金funded by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NKFIH FK 142428 grant)The contribution of Z.B.was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(ÚNKP-23-5-SZTE-697)+2 种基金K.F.was supported by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(ÚNKP-23-3-SZTE-441)C.T.was supported by the NKFIH K 146137 grantA.E-V.was supported by the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences(RVO 67985939).
文摘Topographic complexity supports the maintenance of a high diversity of microhabitats,which may act as important‘safe havens’-or microrefugia-for biodiversity.Microrefugia are sites with specific environmental conditions that facilitate the persistence of species during environmental changes and exhibit unique ecoevolutionary dynamics.However,our knowledge about how topographic complexity and related ecoevolutionary selective forces influence the functional and phylogenetic signatures of species assemblages in microrefugia is very limited.Although the conceptual framework on the systematic integration of plant functional traits into the study of refugia is well established,more empirical studies on functional trait composition and functional diversity in refugia are urgently needed for more effective conservation.Here we analyzed the distribution of various plant functional traits and phylogenetic patterns in microhabitats(south-and north-facing slopes,and bottoms)of 30 large topographic depressions(i.e.doline microrefugia)and microhabitats of the surrounding plateaus in two distant forested karst regions.We found that plant assemblages in the understory of dolines and their surroundings are characterized by unique functional values and combinations of traits.Doline bottoms had the highest functional diversity among doline microhabitats and supported plant assemblages with considerably different trait compositions from the plateaus.Bottoms also had the highest phylogenetic diversity.These results suggest that topographic complexity in forested dolines has a significant effect on the distribution of plant functional traits in the understory.High functional and phylogenetic diversity in doline bottoms can have important consequences for the long-term survival of plant populations,highlighting that these microhabitats may provide a higher resilience and support an adaptive community-level response to natural and anthropogenic stressors.Understanding mechanisms that drive the survival of species within microrefugia is required to determine the best conservation and management strategies.
文摘BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a persistent and progressive autoimmune condition marked by inflammation and fibrotic changes in the affected tissues.Cases of IgG4-RD causing pulmonary lesions are relatively rare,and some may be misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis.CASE SUMMARY In this report,we present an uncommon instance of IgG4-related lung disease,which was diagnosed through lung tissue biopsy conducted via puncture.A 67-year-old male was hospitalized with a two-month history of cough and sputum production.Chest computed tomography(CT)revealed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in both upper lungs.However,the initial diagnosis was unclear,and the patient received HZRE quadruple therapy for tuberculosis at a local hospital.After 45 days of anti-tuberculosis treatment,the patient's cough and sputum worsened,and he began coughing up blood,prompting transfer to our hospital.Serum tests revealed elevated IgG4 levels.A biopsy of a right lung showed localized fibrous and extensive plasma cell infiltration,with 30-40 IgG4-positive cells per high-power field,and an IgG4/IgG ratio of 40%.These findings led to a diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease.Following treatment with prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil,follow-up lung CT scans showed significant lesion improvement.CONCLUSION The chest CT findings of IgG4-RD are diverse and nonspecific,often leading to misdiagnosis as pulmonary tuberculosis,especially in primary care settings with limited diagnostic resources.We confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease through histological examination.
文摘Erratum to:International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials Volume 31,Number 1,January 2024,Page 186 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2744-0 The original version of this article unfortunately contained three mistakes.The presentation of Fig.8 in original version was incorrect.The correct version is given below.
基金supported by Major Project of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202002AA100005,202102AE090027-2)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260703)+1 种基金Cassava Industrial Technology System of China(CARS11-YNTY)Yunnan Province Ten Thousand Plan Industrial Technology Talents Project(YNWR-CYJS-2020-010)。
文摘Moringa oleifera Lam.is a Moringa genus in the Moringaceae family that is high in nutrients and has a wide range of applications.Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants and have various health benefits for the human body.With its high content and wide variety of phenolic compounds,M.oleifera Lam.has been widely studied for its health benefits.The phenolic compounds in M.oleifera Lam.(MOPCs)can be a potential source of functional food ingredients in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.Numerous studies have shown that MOPCs have antioxidant,anti-obesity,anti-diabetic,and antibacterial effects.Although the research on MOPCs has been gradually increasing,the extraction,isolation,identification,biological activities,and comprehensive application of MOPCs need a more systematic summary and generalization.Therefore,this paper reviews the isolation and extraction methods,structure identification,biological activities,and comprehensive applications to provide a further reference for the research and application of MOPCs.
基金supported by the Research Platform Open Fund Project of Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocation College(No.Kf202203)the Scientific Research Project of CCCC First Harbor Engineering Company Ltd.(No.2022-7-2)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22406142)the Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230262)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732636)the Shanghai Post-doctoral Excellence Program(No.2023755).
文摘Efficient and innovative nano-catalytic oxidation technologies offer a breakthrough in removing emerging contaminants(ECs)from water,surpassing the limitations of traditional methods.Environmental functional materials(EFMs),particularly high-end oxidation systems using eco-friendly nanomaterials,show promise for absorbing and degrading ECs.This literature review presents a comprehensive analysis of diverse traditional restoration techniques-biological,physical,and chemical-assessing their respective applications and limitations in pesticide-contaminated water purification.Through meticulous comparison,we unequivocally advocate for the imperative integration of environmentally benign nanomaterials,notably titanium-based variants,in forthcoming methodologies.Our in-depth exploration scrutinizes the catalytic efficacy,underlying mechanisms,and adaptability of pioneering titanium-based nanomaterials across a spectrum of environmental contexts.Additionally,strategic recommendations are furnished to surmount challenges and propel the frontiers of implementing eco-friendly nanomaterials in practical water treatment scenarios.
文摘Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pathogens impacting the cornea and conjunctiva,resulting in recurrent illness,epidemic outbreaks,and virus-associated neoplasia.Progress in virology,immunology,and molecular diagnostics has enhanced comprehension of host–virus interactions and introduced novel therapeutic opportunities.A narrative literature review was performed utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,encompassing papers published from 2000 to 2025,with a specific focus on research from 2020 onwards.Eligible publications were peer-reviewed clinical and experimental investigations,together with reviews that focused on epidemiology,etiology,diagnostic methodologies,and therapeutic alternatives.Research indicates that HSV keratitis is the predominant infectious cause of corneal blindness in high-income nations,although adenovirus persists in instigating epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis in the absence of licensed antiviral treatments.CMV keratitis,previously confined to immunocompromised persons,is now acknowledged in immunocompetent patients as a causative agent of corneal endotheliitis.HPV is associated with ocular surface squamous neoplasia,especially in areas with elevated ultraviolet exposure and high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.Innovative molecular diagnostics,innovative antiviral agents,immunomodulatory approaches,and immunization initiatives signify significant progress that could enhance preventative and therapeutic results.
文摘As battlefield scale enlarges,cross-platform collaborative combat provides an appealing paradigm for modern warfare.Complicated constraints and vast solution space pose great challenge for reasonable and efficient mission planning,where path planning and target assignment are tightly coupled.In this paper,we focus on UAV mission planning under carrier delivery mode(e.g.,by aircraft carrier,ground vehicle,or transport aircraft) and design a three-layer hierarchical solution framework.In the first layer,we simultaneously determine delivery points and target set division by clustering.To address the safety concerns of radar risk and UAV endurance,an improved density peak clustering algorithm is developed by constraint fusio n.In the second layer,mission planning within each cluster is viewed as a coope rative multiple-task assignment problem.A hybrid heuristic algorithm that integrates a voting-based heuristic solution generation strategy(VHSG) and a stochastic variable neighborhood search(SVNS),called VHSG-SVNS,is proposed for rapid solution.Based on the results of the first two layers,the third layer transforms carrier path planning into a multiple-vehicle routing problem with time window.The cost between any two nodes is calculated by the A~* algorithm,and the genetic algorithm is then implemented to determine the global route.Finally,a practical mission scenario containing 200 targets is used to validate the effectiveness of the designed framework,where three layers cooperate well with each other to generate satisfactory combat scheduling.Comparisons are made in each layer to highlight optimum-seeking capability and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.Works done in this paper provide a simple but efficient solution framework for cross-platform cooperative mission planning problems,and can be potentially extended to other applications such as post-disaster search and rescue,forest surveillance and firefighting,logistics pick and delivery,etc.
文摘This study presents an emission inventory for 2022,focusing on assessing the emissions of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,and VOC from India's road transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Road transport emissions were estimated using a vehicle kilometer traveled methodology derived from a survey of 200,000 vehicles.A regression analysis was conducted to assess residential fuel usage,considering recent changes in consumption patterns and updated data on cleaner fuels.Estimates for the thermal power sector were based on emission monitoring data.The residential sector is the predominant source of PM_(2.5)(1112 kt),PM_(10)(1678 kt),CO(10630 kt),and VOC(2558 kt).The thermal power sector is the predominant source of secondary air pollutant precursors such as NO_(x)(2328 kt)and SO_(2)(4694 kt).India has the highest emission intensity per gross domestic product(GDP)across sectors compared to other countries.For example,PM_(2.5)emissions per GDP from the roads in India are 14,21,and 10 times that of those in China,the USA,and Europe.The southern(29%),eastern(30%),and central(36%)regions were the notable contributors to emissions from transport,residential,and thermal power sectors.Urban areas contributed 5%of the total residential sector emissions across India but 25%of the total road transport sector emissions nationwide.Moreover,power plants within or near the non-attainment cities were responsible for 12%of the overall thermal power pollution recorded across India.The study identifies unequal emission burdens,with economically disadvantaged regions bearing the brunt.
