Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despit...Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.展开更多
Modelling non-planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)in 1D is very challenging due to strong interfacial and geometric interactions.This affects especially mesoporous,structured tandem,phase segregated and bulk heterojunc...Modelling non-planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)in 1D is very challenging due to strong interfacial and geometric interactions.This affects especially mesoporous,structured tandem,phase segregated and bulk heterojunction solar cells.We present ChargeFabrica,an open-source,two-dimensional electro-ionic drift-diffusion simulation tool designed to address these challenges by simultaneously solving the coupled electronic and ionic transport equations across complex device geometries.Using ChargeFabrica,we successfully replicate experimentally observed thickness-dependent trends in current-voltage(JV)curves,the influence of ionic prebiasing and associated EQE,which cannot be fully captured by conventional one-dimensional models.By incorporating realistic device morphologies and experimentally demonstrated defect densities,the simulator accurately predicts performance losses,field inversion effects,and the impact of geometric and interfacial properties.ChargeFabrica thus provides a robust platform for understanding and optimizing the interplay between ion migration and charge collection in mesoporous PSCs and will aid future development of perovskite device architectures.展开更多
Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended...Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended conjugation is designed and synthesized,named NaPh-4PACz.Compared to Ph-4PACz,NaPh-4PACz exhibits a larger adsorption energy with the ITO substrate,enabling the formation of a more uniform and dense film,thereby preventing direct contact between the perovskite and ITO.Additionally,NaPh-4PACz also has a stronger interaction with the perovskite,which can reduce buried interface defects and suppress non-radiative recombination.Consequently,NaPh-4PACz-based devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.48%due to their interfacial“adhesive”ability.Importantly,the stability of the NaPh-4PACz-based devices was significantly improved.展开更多
Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable devel...Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.展开更多
An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD...An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD results revealed that the microstructures at the early stages of deformation contained large deformed grains with a significant fraction of low angle grain boundaries developed through dynamic recovery.Continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was dominant as deformation proceeded.Two kinds of CDRX grains were recognized considering their locations;“GB-type”grains,which formed in the vicinity of the pre-existing boundaries of the deformed grains,and“Core-type”grains,emerging within the interior areas.The EBSD exhibited pronounced misorientation gradients in the areas adjacent to pre-existing boundaries,and severe fragmentation into subgrains.At larger strains,the density of subgrain boundaries declined due to the massive progress of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX).TEM investigations confirmed the emergence of globular Mg_(5)Gd-type nano-particles exclusively within the DRXed areas through dynamic precipitation,and the precipitation of nano-sized β'-phase,mainly within the larger deformed grains.Basal texture components of“type-Ⅰ”and“type-Ⅱ”were identified following 6 SSE passes.In the former case,the basal planes rearranged parallel to the shear planes with their poles aligned along the normal direction(ND)as a result of the activity of the basal slip system.In contrast,in the latter scenario,the basal poles were parallel to the transverse direction(TD)due to the 90°rotation of the workpiece between consecutive passes.The results of shear punch testing(SPT)indicated an increase in the shear strength,as the number of passes in SSE increased from 1 to 6.The improved mechanical response of the alloys after SSE was ascribed to various strengthening mechanisms,including the influence of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),precipitation hardening and grain boundary strengthening.展开更多
Fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLI)is a powerful tool for investigating molecular processes,microenvironmental parameters,and molecular interactions across tissue to(sub-)cellular levels.Despite its established value i...Fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLI)is a powerful tool for investigating molecular processes,microenvironmental parameters,and molecular interactions across tissue to(sub-)cellular levels.Despite its established value in biomedical applications,conventional FLI techniques suffer from long acquisition times,limiting their utility in real-time scenarios like fast biological processes and rapid clinical image-guided interventions.Here,we introduce a novel FLI approach that achieves real-time capability through single-snapshot acquisitions by combining a large-format time-gated SPAD array with dual-gate acquisition capability and a rapid lifetime determination algorithm,thus eliminating time-consuming temporal data collection.We demonstrate this method’s scalability and versatility across challenging biomedical applications,such as fast neural dynamics(microscale),multimodal 3D volumetric FLI of tumor organoids(mesoscale),and FLI-guided surgical procedures using tissue-mimicking phantoms(macroscale).Overall,this new methodology significantly enhances FLI’s temporal and spatial capabilities,enabling rapid dynamic biomedical signal acquisition and seamless integration into clinical workflows,particularly fluorescence-guided surgery.展开更多
Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic...Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic CO_(2) electrolysis is required to improve its selectivity towards certain CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)products,such as multicarbon(C2+)species,while enhancing its overall stability.In this study,liquid product recirculation in the catholyte and local OH−accumulation were identified as primary factors contributing to the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes mounted in closed‐loop catholyte configurations.We demonstrate that a single‐pass catholyte configuration prevents liquid product recirculation and maintains a continuous flow of acidic‐pH catholyte throughout the reaction while using the same volume as a closed‐loop setup.This approach improves electrode durability and maintains a Faradaic efficiency of 67%for multicarbon products over 4 h of CO_(2) electrolysis at−600 mA cm^(-2).展开更多
In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized m...In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code （PFC） revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.展开更多
基金supported by the Defitech Foundation(Morges,CH)to FCHthe Bertarelli Foundation-Catalyst program(Gstaad,CH)to FCH+2 种基金the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering the Lighthouse Partnership for AI-guided Neuromodulation to FCHthe Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante(FRQS#342969)to CEPthe Neuro X Postdoctoral Fellowship Program to CEP。
文摘Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No.851676(ERC StGrt)the Swiss National Science Foundation(Grant No.219739).
文摘Modelling non-planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs)in 1D is very challenging due to strong interfacial and geometric interactions.This affects especially mesoporous,structured tandem,phase segregated and bulk heterojunction solar cells.We present ChargeFabrica,an open-source,two-dimensional electro-ionic drift-diffusion simulation tool designed to address these challenges by simultaneously solving the coupled electronic and ionic transport equations across complex device geometries.Using ChargeFabrica,we successfully replicate experimentally observed thickness-dependent trends in current-voltage(JV)curves,the influence of ionic prebiasing and associated EQE,which cannot be fully captured by conventional one-dimensional models.By incorporating realistic device morphologies and experimentally demonstrated defect densities,the simulator accurately predicts performance losses,field inversion effects,and the impact of geometric and interfacial properties.ChargeFabrica thus provides a robust platform for understanding and optimizing the interplay between ion migration and charge collection in mesoporous PSCs and will aid future development of perovskite device architectures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61904053,22279033)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB4204502)+2 种基金the 111 Project(B16016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2025MS043)the Special Foundation for Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Technology Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022026).
文摘Molecular tailoring of self-assembled hole-transporting monolayers(SAMs)has been proven as an efficient approach for improving the device performance of inverted perovskite solar cells.Herein,a novel SAM with extended conjugation is designed and synthesized,named NaPh-4PACz.Compared to Ph-4PACz,NaPh-4PACz exhibits a larger adsorption energy with the ITO substrate,enabling the formation of a more uniform and dense film,thereby preventing direct contact between the perovskite and ITO.Additionally,NaPh-4PACz also has a stronger interaction with the perovskite,which can reduce buried interface defects and suppress non-radiative recombination.Consequently,NaPh-4PACz-based devices achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.48%due to their interfacial“adhesive”ability.Importantly,the stability of the NaPh-4PACz-based devices was significantly improved.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52372076,52073081,52203322,5252200843)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2023YFB3812800)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-25-073)。
文摘Energy-saving buildings(ESBs)are an emerging green technology that can significantly reduce building-associated cooling and heating energy consumption,catering to the desire for carbon neutrality and sustainable development of society.Smart photovoltaic windows(SPWs)offer a promising platform for designing ESBs because they present the capability to regulate and harness solar energy.With frequent outbreaks of extreme weather all over the world,the achievement of exceptional energy-saving effect under different weather conditions is an inevitable trend for the development of ESBs but is hardly achieved via existing SPWs.Here,we substantially reduce the driving voltage of polymerdispersed liquid crystals(PDLCs)by 28.1%via molecular engineering while maintaining their high solar transmittance(T_(sol)=83.8%,transparent state)and solar modulating ability(ΔT_(sol)=80.5%).By the assembly of perovskite solar cell and a broadband thermal-managing unit encompassing the electrical-responsive PDLCs,transparent high-emissivity SiO_(2) passive radiation-cooling,and Ag low-emissivity layers possesses,we present a tri-band regulation and split-type SPW possessing superb energy-saving effect in all-season.The perovskite solar cell can produce the electric power to stimulate the electrical-responsive behavior of the PDLCs,endowing the SPWs zero-energy input solar energy regulating characteristic,and compensate the daily energy consumption needed for ESBs.Moreover,the scalable manufacturing technology holds a great potential for the real-world applications.
基金financial support of PX Group to their laboratory
文摘An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD results revealed that the microstructures at the early stages of deformation contained large deformed grains with a significant fraction of low angle grain boundaries developed through dynamic recovery.Continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was dominant as deformation proceeded.Two kinds of CDRX grains were recognized considering their locations;“GB-type”grains,which formed in the vicinity of the pre-existing boundaries of the deformed grains,and“Core-type”grains,emerging within the interior areas.The EBSD exhibited pronounced misorientation gradients in the areas adjacent to pre-existing boundaries,and severe fragmentation into subgrains.At larger strains,the density of subgrain boundaries declined due to the massive progress of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX).TEM investigations confirmed the emergence of globular Mg_(5)Gd-type nano-particles exclusively within the DRXed areas through dynamic precipitation,and the precipitation of nano-sized β'-phase,mainly within the larger deformed grains.Basal texture components of“type-Ⅰ”and“type-Ⅱ”were identified following 6 SSE passes.In the former case,the basal planes rearranged parallel to the shear planes with their poles aligned along the normal direction(ND)as a result of the activity of the basal slip system.In contrast,in the latter scenario,the basal poles were parallel to the transverse direction(TD)due to the 90°rotation of the workpiece between consecutive passes.The results of shear punch testing(SPT)indicated an increase in the shear strength,as the number of passes in SSE increased from 1 to 6.The improved mechanical response of the alloys after SSE was ascribed to various strengthening mechanisms,including the influence of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),precipitation hardening and grain boundary strengthening.
基金funding received from the National Institutes of Health under grants R01-CA271371,R01-CA237267,and R01-CA250636from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(grant nos.EP/T00097X/1,EP/T021020/1).DF acknowledges the Royal Academy of Engineering’s support through the Chairs in Emerging Technology Program.
文摘Fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLI)is a powerful tool for investigating molecular processes,microenvironmental parameters,and molecular interactions across tissue to(sub-)cellular levels.Despite its established value in biomedical applications,conventional FLI techniques suffer from long acquisition times,limiting their utility in real-time scenarios like fast biological processes and rapid clinical image-guided interventions.Here,we introduce a novel FLI approach that achieves real-time capability through single-snapshot acquisitions by combining a large-format time-gated SPAD array with dual-gate acquisition capability and a rapid lifetime determination algorithm,thus eliminating time-consuming temporal data collection.We demonstrate this method’s scalability and versatility across challenging biomedical applications,such as fast neural dynamics(microscale),multimodal 3D volumetric FLI of tumor organoids(mesoscale),and FLI-guided surgical procedures using tissue-mimicking phantoms(macroscale).Overall,this new methodology significantly enhances FLI’s temporal and spatial capabilities,enabling rapid dynamic biomedical signal acquisition and seamless integration into clinical workflows,particularly fluorescence-guided surgery.
基金supported by the EPFL,EMPA and the National Research Foundation of Singapore(Urban Solutions and Sustainability,Industry Alignment Fund[Pre‐Positioning]Programme)(A‐0004543‐00‐00)。
文摘Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic CO_(2) electrolysis is required to improve its selectivity towards certain CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)products,such as multicarbon(C2+)species,while enhancing its overall stability.In this study,liquid product recirculation in the catholyte and local OH−accumulation were identified as primary factors contributing to the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes mounted in closed‐loop catholyte configurations.We demonstrate that a single‐pass catholyte configuration prevents liquid product recirculation and maintains a continuous flow of acidic‐pH catholyte throughout the reaction while using the same volume as a closed‐loop setup.This approach improves electrode durability and maintains a Faradaic efficiency of 67%for multicarbon products over 4 h of CO_(2) electrolysis at−600 mA cm^(-2).
基金Project(2015CB060200)supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(51322403,51274254)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code （PFC） revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.
