Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despit...Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.展开更多
Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 2...Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.展开更多
An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD...An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD results revealed that the microstructures at the early stages of deformation contained large deformed grains with a significant fraction of low angle grain boundaries developed through dynamic recovery.Continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was dominant as deformation proceeded.Two kinds of CDRX grains were recognized considering their locations;“GB-type”grains,which formed in the vicinity of the pre-existing boundaries of the deformed grains,and“Core-type”grains,emerging within the interior areas.The EBSD exhibited pronounced misorientation gradients in the areas adjacent to pre-existing boundaries,and severe fragmentation into subgrains.At larger strains,the density of subgrain boundaries declined due to the massive progress of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX).TEM investigations confirmed the emergence of globular Mg_(5)Gd-type nano-particles exclusively within the DRXed areas through dynamic precipitation,and the precipitation of nano-sized β'-phase,mainly within the larger deformed grains.Basal texture components of“type-Ⅰ”and“type-Ⅱ”were identified following 6 SSE passes.In the former case,the basal planes rearranged parallel to the shear planes with their poles aligned along the normal direction(ND)as a result of the activity of the basal slip system.In contrast,in the latter scenario,the basal poles were parallel to the transverse direction(TD)due to the 90°rotation of the workpiece between consecutive passes.The results of shear punch testing(SPT)indicated an increase in the shear strength,as the number of passes in SSE increased from 1 to 6.The improved mechanical response of the alloys after SSE was ascribed to various strengthening mechanisms,including the influence of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),precipitation hardening and grain boundary strengthening.展开更多
Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic...Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic CO_(2) electrolysis is required to improve its selectivity towards certain CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)products,such as multicarbon(C2+)species,while enhancing its overall stability.In this study,liquid product recirculation in the catholyte and local OH−accumulation were identified as primary factors contributing to the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes mounted in closed‐loop catholyte configurations.We demonstrate that a single‐pass catholyte configuration prevents liquid product recirculation and maintains a continuous flow of acidic‐pH catholyte throughout the reaction while using the same volume as a closed‐loop setup.This approach improves electrode durability and maintains a Faradaic efficiency of 67%for multicarbon products over 4 h of CO_(2) electrolysis at−600 mA cm^(-2).展开更多
In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized m...In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code （PFC） revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.展开更多
基金supported by the Defitech Foundation(Morges,CH)to FCHthe Bertarelli Foundation-Catalyst program(Gstaad,CH)to FCH+2 种基金the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering the Lighthouse Partnership for AI-guided Neuromodulation to FCHthe Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante(FRQS#342969)to CEPthe Neuro X Postdoctoral Fellowship Program to CEP。
文摘Brain lesions,such as those caused by stroke or traumatic brain injury(TBI),frequently result in persistent motor and cognitive impairments that significantly affect the individual patient's quality of life.Despite differences in the mechanisms of injury,both conditions share a high prevalence of motor and cognitive impairments.These deficits show only limited natural recovery.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302229,62404072)the Key Lab of Modern Optical Technologies of Education Ministry of China,Soochow University(KJS2425)+1 种基金Doctoral Foundation of Henan Polytech-nic University(B2024-72)Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(Grant No.GJJ2400702).
文摘Through strategies such as process optimization,solvent selection,and component tuning,the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled,enabling perovskite solar cells(PSCs)to achieve over 25%power conversion efficiency(PCE).However,as PCE continues to improve,interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks,hindering further performance enhancements.Recently,interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress,pushing PCEs to nearly 27%.Building upon these developments,this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then,as a starting point,provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal,inverted,and tandem structure devices.Finally,based on the current progress of PSCs,preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.
基金financial support of PX Group to their laboratory
文摘An extruded Mg-Gd-Y-Ag alloy was subjected to simple shear extrusion(SSE)at 280℃ to obtain a refined microstructure,with a focus on examining microstructural evolutions through detailed EBSD analysis and TEM.The EBSD results revealed that the microstructures at the early stages of deformation contained large deformed grains with a significant fraction of low angle grain boundaries developed through dynamic recovery.Continuous dynamic recrystallization(CDRX)was dominant as deformation proceeded.Two kinds of CDRX grains were recognized considering their locations;“GB-type”grains,which formed in the vicinity of the pre-existing boundaries of the deformed grains,and“Core-type”grains,emerging within the interior areas.The EBSD exhibited pronounced misorientation gradients in the areas adjacent to pre-existing boundaries,and severe fragmentation into subgrains.At larger strains,the density of subgrain boundaries declined due to the massive progress of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization(DDRX).TEM investigations confirmed the emergence of globular Mg_(5)Gd-type nano-particles exclusively within the DRXed areas through dynamic precipitation,and the precipitation of nano-sized β'-phase,mainly within the larger deformed grains.Basal texture components of“type-Ⅰ”and“type-Ⅱ”were identified following 6 SSE passes.In the former case,the basal planes rearranged parallel to the shear planes with their poles aligned along the normal direction(ND)as a result of the activity of the basal slip system.In contrast,in the latter scenario,the basal poles were parallel to the transverse direction(TD)due to the 90°rotation of the workpiece between consecutive passes.The results of shear punch testing(SPT)indicated an increase in the shear strength,as the number of passes in SSE increased from 1 to 6.The improved mechanical response of the alloys after SSE was ascribed to various strengthening mechanisms,including the influence of low-angle grain boundaries(LAGBs),precipitation hardening and grain boundary strengthening.
基金supported by the EPFL,EMPA and the National Research Foundation of Singapore(Urban Solutions and Sustainability,Industry Alignment Fund[Pre‐Positioning]Programme)(A‐0004543‐00‐00)。
文摘Acidic environments enhance CO_(2) utilization during CO_(2) electrolysis via a buffering effect that converts carbonates formed at the electrode surface back into CO_(2).Nevertheless,further investigation into acidic CO_(2) electrolysis is required to improve its selectivity towards certain CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)products,such as multicarbon(C2+)species,while enhancing its overall stability.In this study,liquid product recirculation in the catholyte and local OH−accumulation were identified as primary factors contributing to the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes mounted in closed‐loop catholyte configurations.We demonstrate that a single‐pass catholyte configuration prevents liquid product recirculation and maintains a continuous flow of acidic‐pH catholyte throughout the reaction while using the same volume as a closed‐loop setup.This approach improves electrode durability and maintains a Faradaic efficiency of 67%for multicarbon products over 4 h of CO_(2) electrolysis at−600 mA cm^(-2).
基金Project(2015CB060200)supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(51322403,51274254)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to investigate the micro-process and inner mechanism of rock failure under impact loading, the laboratory tests were carried out on an improved split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） system with synchronized measurement devices including a high-speed camera and a dynamic strain meter. The experimental results show that the specimens were in the state of good stress equilibrium during the post failure stage even when visible cracks were forming in the specimens. Rock specimens broke into strips but still could bear the external stress and keep force balance. Meanwhile, numerical tests with particle flow code （PFC） revealed that the failure process of rocks can be described by the evolution of micro-fractures. Shear cracks emerged firstly and stopped developing when the external stress was not high enough. Tensile cracks, however, emerged when the rock specimen reached its peak strength and played an important role in controlling the ultimate failure during the post failure stage.
