This work details the development of a broad-spectrum LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) circuit using a 65 nm CMOS technology. The design incorporates an inductive degeneracy circuit, employing a theoretical approach to enhan...This work details the development of a broad-spectrum LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) circuit using a 65 nm CMOS technology. The design incorporates an inductive degeneracy circuit, employing a theoretical approach to enhance gain, minimize noise levels, and uphold low power consumption. The progression includes a shift to a cascode structure to further refine LNA parameters. Ultimately, with a 1.8 V bias, the achieved performance showcases a gain-to-noise figure ratio of 16 dB/0.5 dB, an IIP3 linearity at 5.1 dBm, and a power consumption of 3 mW. This architecture is adept at operating across a wide frequency band spanning from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz, rendering it applicable in diverse RF scenarios.展开更多
Despite its appearance in physics around the 1850th, the second law of thermodynamics is still attracting more efforts to be clarified. More specifically, fifteen years later (1865) after its definition and introducti...Despite its appearance in physics around the 1850th, the second law of thermodynamics is still attracting more efforts to be clarified. More specifically, fifteen years later (1865) after its definition and introduction, entropy has been the subject of various interpretations. Hence, in physical sciences and notably in different education levels, its concept seems to be relatively tough to unambiguous decipher. In this work, we re-introduce the notion of entropy from classical, quantum and information theories viewpoints. The controversial over entropy and a measure of disorder misconception, stated by many scientists, is addressed as well to come up with less confusing physical interpretation of entropy. Hence, over time, an increase of entropy, a quantitative quantity, is most often associated to a rising of disorder, a non-quantitative quantity and no value-returning mathematical equation, rather than a continuously increasing of hidden data. In other words, linking disorder to hidden data is typically raising more confusion than clarification. Here, we shed more light on both concepts to find out an acceptable interpretation of entropy.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the exponential and asymptotic stability analysis of conformable fractional linear time-varying systems.We propose sufficient conditions for testing the asymp-totic and exponential stabili...In this paper,we investigate the exponential and asymptotic stability analysis of conformable fractional linear time-varying systems.We propose sufficient conditions for testing the asymp-totic and exponential stability of conformable differential systems by using the notion of stable functions and differential Lyapunov inequalities.Furthermore,we apply the developed approach to the problem of conformable stabilisation and observer design for conformable fractional linear time-varying systems.展开更多
文摘This work details the development of a broad-spectrum LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) circuit using a 65 nm CMOS technology. The design incorporates an inductive degeneracy circuit, employing a theoretical approach to enhance gain, minimize noise levels, and uphold low power consumption. The progression includes a shift to a cascode structure to further refine LNA parameters. Ultimately, with a 1.8 V bias, the achieved performance showcases a gain-to-noise figure ratio of 16 dB/0.5 dB, an IIP3 linearity at 5.1 dBm, and a power consumption of 3 mW. This architecture is adept at operating across a wide frequency band spanning from 0.5 GHz to 6 GHz, rendering it applicable in diverse RF scenarios.
文摘Despite its appearance in physics around the 1850th, the second law of thermodynamics is still attracting more efforts to be clarified. More specifically, fifteen years later (1865) after its definition and introduction, entropy has been the subject of various interpretations. Hence, in physical sciences and notably in different education levels, its concept seems to be relatively tough to unambiguous decipher. In this work, we re-introduce the notion of entropy from classical, quantum and information theories viewpoints. The controversial over entropy and a measure of disorder misconception, stated by many scientists, is addressed as well to come up with less confusing physical interpretation of entropy. Hence, over time, an increase of entropy, a quantitative quantity, is most often associated to a rising of disorder, a non-quantitative quantity and no value-returning mathematical equation, rather than a continuously increasing of hidden data. In other words, linking disorder to hidden data is typically raising more confusion than clarification. Here, we shed more light on both concepts to find out an acceptable interpretation of entropy.
文摘In this paper,we investigate the exponential and asymptotic stability analysis of conformable fractional linear time-varying systems.We propose sufficient conditions for testing the asymp-totic and exponential stability of conformable differential systems by using the notion of stable functions and differential Lyapunov inequalities.Furthermore,we apply the developed approach to the problem of conformable stabilisation and observer design for conformable fractional linear time-varying systems.
