Dilute Mg alloys processed by the rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique are candidate materials for structural applications due to their enhanced mechanical performance.The thermal stability of the st...Dilute Mg alloys processed by the rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique are candidate materials for structural applications due to their enhanced mechanical performance.The thermal stability of the structure in these alloys strongly influences their mechanical performance at elevated temperatures.In this study,an RSRC-processed Mg-1%Ca-0.5%Zn-0.1%Y-0.03%Mn(at%)alloy was heated at a constant rate up to 833 K,and concurrently in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation in order to monitor the changes in the structure.In addition,ex situ electron microscopy investigations were carried out before and after annealing to complete the XRD study.On the basis of XRD results,the stages of the microstructure evolution during heating were identified.In addition,the thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix and the Mg_(2)Ca secondary phase were determined.Between 299 and 400 K,the lattice constants of both the matrix and the Mg_(2)Ca phase increased due to thermal expansion.In the temperature range of 400-673 K,the increase of the lattice constants with increasing the temperature continued,but their rate was different for the two phases which can induce thermal stresses.Between 673 and 753 K,the lattice constants of the secondary phase did not change most probably due to the compensating effects of the thermal expansion and the decrease of the Ca content.In the temperature range of 753-793 K,the Mg_(2)Ca phase started to dissolve.Between 793 and 833 K the dissolution continued,and additionally the matrix was partially melted.展开更多
Background:Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’s ability to perceive proprioceptive information,that is,the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system,which originates from mechano...Background:Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’s ability to perceive proprioceptive information,that is,the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system,which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin.Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning;however,no widely accepted standard assessment exists.In this systematic review,our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy.Methods:A literature search was conducted in 5 different databases(PubMed,SPORTDiscus,PsycINFO,ScienceDirect,and SpringerLink).Results:Overall,1139 scientific papers reporting 1346 methods were included in this review.The methods assess 8 different aspects of proprioception:(a)the perception of joint position,(b)movement and movement extent,(c)trajectory,(d)velocity,and the sense of(e)force,(f)muscle tension,(g)weight,and(h)size.They apply various paradigms of psychophysics(i.e.,the method of adjustment,constant stimuli,and limits).Conclusion:As the outcomes of different tasks with respect to various body parts show no associations(i.e.,proprioceptive accuracy is characterized by site-specificity and method-specificity),the appropriate measurement method for the task needs to be chosen based on theoretical considerations and/or ecological validity.展开更多
Research of autonomous manufacturing systems is motivated both by the new technical possibilities of cyber-physical systems and by the practical needs of the industry.Autonomous operation in semi-structured industrial...Research of autonomous manufacturing systems is motivated both by the new technical possibilities of cyber-physical systems and by the practical needs of the industry.Autonomous operation in semi-structured industrial environments can now be supported by advanced sensor technologies,digital twins,artificial intelligence and novel communication techniques.These enable real-time monitoring of production processes,situation recognition and prediction,automated and adaptive(re)planning,teamwork and performance improvement by learning.This paper summarizes the main requirements towards autonomous industrial robotics and suggests a generic workflow for realizing such systems.Application case studies will be presented from recent practice at HUN-REN SZTAKI in a broad range of domains such as assembly,welding,grinding,picking and placing,and machining.The various solutions have in common that they use a generic digital twin concept as their core.After making general recommendations for realizing autonomous robotic solutions in the industry,open issues for future research will be discussed.展开更多
Populations experiencing negligible predation pressure are expected to evolve higher behavioral activity.However,when sexes have different expected benefits from high activity,the adaptive shift is expected to be sex-...Populations experiencing negligible predation pressure are expected to evolve higher behavioral activity.However,when sexes have different expected benefits from high activity,the adaptive shift is expected to be sex-specific.Here,we compared movement activity of one cave(lack of predation)and three adjacent surface(high and diverse predation)populations of Asellus aquaticus,a freshwater isopod known for its independent colonization of several caves across Europe.We predicted 1)higher activity in cave than in surface populations,with 2)the difference being more pronounced in males as they are known for active mate searching behavior,while females are not.Activity was assessed both in the presence and absence of light.Our results supported both predictions:movement activity was higher in the cave than in the surface populations,particularly in males.Relaxed predation pressure in the cave-adapted population is most likely the main selective factor behind increased behavioral activity,but we also showed that the extent of increase is sex-specific.展开更多
Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis...Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis(N=1326)to examine associations among four dimensions of EA,levels of regular physical activity(PA),self-control,MPA tendency and irrational procrastination.Results found:1)higher levels of PA predicted both MPA tendency(β=−0.08,95%CI:−0.11 to−0.06,p<0.001)and irrational procrastination(β=−0.01,95%CI:−0.17 to−0.008,p<0.01)indirectly via self-control;2)Instability(β=0.13,95%CI:0.08 to 0.18,p<0.01)and Responsibility(β=−0.06,95%CI:−0.10 to−0.08,p=0.03)exerted direct effects on irrational procrastination and Instability also indirectly predicted irrational procrastination via MPA tendency(β=0.03,95%CI:0.02 to 0.05,p<0.01).These findings proved that perceived features of EA are linked to behavioral problems and supported that regular PA plays a crucial role to protect mental health.展开更多
This short study aims to highlight contradictions in Ochsenius’s model for the basin-wide salt generation(Kara-Bogas bay desiccation).Without claiming completeness,and through numerous records cited from the specific...This short study aims to highlight contradictions in Ochsenius’s model for the basin-wide salt generation(Kara-Bogas bay desiccation).Without claiming completeness,and through numerous records cited from the specific literature,we attempt to point at crucial incoherencies in the classical evaporitic model.In our presupposition,these might have led our ancestors to conclude that basin-wide salt generation needs theoretically well-based models.This is emphatically true for the Transylvanian Basin,Romania.The selected records are basic for the specific topic.We checked their validity by logical reasoning and by literature references.As for salt generation,the classical Ochsenius model has been upheld for the generation of evaporates even though it has been known that there are records denying the exclusivity of the evaporation model.It has also been proven that deep-sea salt exists,yet terminology is reluctant to follow the new discoveries.If non-evaporitic salt generation exists,it entails that huge salt deposits may exist,which are not remnants of a desiccation process.These cannot be considered as part of the classical theory of evaporation.Former researchers left important but neglected records,which should have updated the model of Ochsenius by now.Well-documented historical observation uncovered some contradictions in the salt generation of the Transylvanian Basin,Romania.Hereby we list 10 important contradictions,which may reveal that the well-known theory of Ochsenius(i.e.drying of Kara Bogaz bay)ought to be challenged for the Transylvanian Basin.展开更多
Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-...Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 51,702 adolescents[mean(SD)age 13.8(1.0)years;49.3%boys).Both depressive symptoms and AST were assessed by a single question self-reported measure,respectively.Participants who reported having 5 days or above were considered as AST.Multivariable logistic regression analysis(accounting for sampling weights)was performed while controlling for gender,age,physical activity,sedentary behavior,and food insecurity,and a countrywide meta-analysis was undertaken.The prevalence of depressive symptoms and AST were 30.1%and 37.0%,respectively.Compared with those not having AST,adolescents with AST were less likely to have self-reported depressive symptoms(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.85-0.93)regardless of gender.Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that having AST versus not having AST was associated with 12%lower odds for depressive symptoms(OR=0.88;95%CI:0.82-0.94)but with a moderate between-country heterogeneity(I^(2)=59.0%).Based on large samples of adolescents from LMICs,it would be expected that AST may play a critical role in preventing adolescent depression worldwide.However,it is necessary to consider more country-specific factors when implementing AST-related mental health interventions.Future studies should adopt the solid study design to confirm or negate our researchfindings.展开更多
1. Introduction In the inscriptions of E-ana-tum, ruler of Lagas, listing his victories over various cities, there is a four-line long passage that describes E-ana-tum’s defeat over the city called Arawa:2 (1)su-nir ...1. Introduction In the inscriptions of E-ana-tum, ruler of Lagas, listing his victories over various cities, there is a four-line long passage that describes E-ana-tum’s defeat over the city called Arawa:2 (1)su-nir URU×Aki-ka, ensi2-be2 3, saη-ba mu-DU, aga3-kar2 !(SE3)4 be2-seg10 The translations of this grammatically difficult passage vary greatly;there seems to be no agreement either about its exact meaning or about its grammatical analysis.展开更多
The purpose of the research is to show that the general triangle can be replaced by the right-angled triangle as the 2D simplex, and this concept can be generalized to any higher dimensions. The main results are that ...The purpose of the research is to show that the general triangle can be replaced by the right-angled triangle as the 2D simplex, and this concept can be generalized to any higher dimensions. The main results are that such forms do exist in any dimensions;meet the requirements usually placed on an n-dimensional simplex;a hypotenuse and legs can be defined in these shapes;and a formula can be given to calculate the volume of the shape solely from the legs by a direct generalization of the Pythagorean Theorem, without computing the Cayley-Menger determinant.展开更多
The objective of the article is to present the examples of the teaching of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields at TUT （Tampere university of technology） in Finland. At TUT, the education of the heal...The objective of the article is to present the examples of the teaching of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields at TUT （Tampere university of technology） in Finland. At TUT, the education of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields has been integrated into part of four courses, which also include other environmental issues. TUT also products two times per year situation report bulletins on medical-oriented studies related to electric and magnetic fields so that graduates and people working in transmission line projects can follow new studies of the area. It is important to develop more education of EMF health questions, so people can more easily understand how new devices and technologies work.展开更多
This study aimed to examine some coursebooks of English as a Foreign Language （EFL） to see whether they involve any cross-cultural topics belonging to different cultures from different countries in the world. Assumi...This study aimed to examine some coursebooks of English as a Foreign Language （EFL） to see whether they involve any cross-cultural topics belonging to different cultures from different countries in the world. Assuming that EFL coursebooks written after the communicative movements in foreign language teaching and learning in the 1970s and the 1980s would have a plenty of cross-cultural elements, it was expected to see these coursebooks would also have a lot of cross-cultural elements, especially regarding their publication dates. This study aimed to investigate to what extent teaching materials used in EFL setting involve intercultural elements. Accordingly, 5 coursebooks were evaluated, and topics and number of cross-cultural elements were presented. The coursebooks used in the study were published in 1998, 1999, 1999, 2001 and 2006 namely. However, as the results displayed, the frequency of cross-cultural elements were not mutually related to their publication dates. The distribution and frequency of cross-cultural elements were not balanced with the dates chronologically.展开更多
1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the ro...1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the role of BMI,body image inflexibility,and generalized anxiety in these two behavioral problems in a sample of college students.2)Methods:In total,878 habitual exercisers(58.1%male with BMI=22.12±2.39;41.9%female with BMI=20.55±2.21)with age of 20.09±1.76 years participated in this study.The main outcomes of interest are exercise dependence symptoms,eating disorders symptoms,body image inflexibility,and symptoms of generalized anxiety(as measured by Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised,Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Short Form,Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,respectively).Pearson correlation,path analysis,and model fit information were tested.3)Results:After controlling for age,gender,and field of study,lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but this association was not statistically significant,while a greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders(β=−0.08,p<0.001).Moreover,higher body image inflexibility significantly and positively contributed to severe exercise dependence(β=0.26,p<0.001)as well as abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors(β=0.74,p<0.001).Furthermore,generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms(β=0.14,p<0.001)but not eating disorders symptoms.4)Conclusion:Based on our finding that body image inflexibility is a common risk factor for the development of exercise dependence and eating disorders,the prevention and treatment of these two disorders should involve the improvement of psychological flexibility.In addition,the individual with a higher BMI is more vulnerable to developing eating disorders,while those who have severer generalized anxiety symptoms should be given more attention when screening for exercise dependence.展开更多
In geology we often revise theoretical models;upon finding new evidence,such as the discovery of methane hydrates,the initial model will be challenged immediately.Hereby the authors put forward two postulates:1)There ...In geology we often revise theoretical models;upon finding new evidence,such as the discovery of methane hydrates,the initial model will be challenged immediately.Hereby the authors put forward two postulates:1)There is a third,previously unexplored source of methane in the Transylvanian Basin,based on a new theoretical approach on methane hydrate formation;2)The dissociation of methane hydrates creates a strong chlorinity anomaly.Based on a recent analogy with the Black Sea basin model,we apply our statements to the Transylvanian Basin.Using direct and indirect indicators and the published system tract analysis,we claim that there are substantial grounds to believe that this model of methane hydrate formation applies to the Miocene Transylvanian Basin.Due to the increase of the geothermal gradient as a result of the volcanic activity from the Eastern Carpathians,the clathrates dissociated into methane and freshwater.This process of dilution resulted in a chlorinity anomaly that can be spotted in the formation waters of several gas fields from the Transylvanian Basin.展开更多
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a concept that is used to characterize a subset of children with neuropsychiatric symptoms, tic disorders, o...Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a concept that is used to characterize a subset of children with neuropsychiatric symptoms, tic disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), whose symptoms are exacerbated by group A streptococcal (GAS) infection. PANDAS has been known to cause a sudden onset of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS). RDS includes multiple disorders that are characterized by dopaminergic signaling dysfunction in the brain reward cascade (BRC), which may result in addiction, depression, avoidant behaviors, anxiety, tic disorders, and/or OCD. According to research by Blum et al., the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene polymorphisms are important prevalent genetic determinants of RDS. The literature demonstrates that infections like Borrelia and Lyme, as well as other infections like group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS), can cause an autoimmune reaction and associated antibodies target dopaminergic loci in the mesolimbic region of the brain, which interferes with brain function and potentially causes RDS-like symptoms/behaviors. The treatment of PANDAS remains controversial, especially since there have been limited efficacy studies to date. We propose an innovative potential treatment for PANDAS based on previous clinical trials using a pro-dopamine regulator known as KB220 variants. Our ongoing research suggests that achieving “dopamine homeostasis” by precision-guided DNA testing and pro-dopamine modulation could result in improved therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar ...In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.展开更多
The slippery slope framework explains tax compliance along two main dimensions,trust in authorities and power of authorities,which influence taxpayers’compliance attitudes.Through frequentist and Bayesian analyses,we...The slippery slope framework explains tax compliance along two main dimensions,trust in authorities and power of authorities,which influence taxpayers’compliance attitudes.Through frequentist and Bayesian analyses,we investigated the framework’s assumptions on a sample of 2786 self-employed taxpayers from eleven post-communist and non-post-communist countries doing business in five economic branches.After using scenarios that experimentally manipulated trust and power,our results confirmed the framework’s assumptions regarding the attitudes of the self-employed taxpayers;trust and power fostered intended tax compliance and diminished tax evasion,trust boosted voluntary tax compliance,whereas power increased enforced tax compliance.Additionally,self-employed taxpayers from post-communist countries reported higher intended tax compliance and lower tax evasion than those from non-post-communist countries.Our results offer tax authorities insights into how trust and power may contribute to obtaining and maintaining high tax compliance levels amid global economic challenges,downturns,and increasing tax compliance costs.展开更多
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with or without streptococcal and other bacterial infections (PANDAS/CANS) are emerging as a featured pediatric disorder. Although there is some controversy r...Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with or without streptococcal and other bacterial infections (PANDAS/CANS) are emerging as a featured pediatric disorder. Although there is some controversy regarding treatment approaches, especially related to the behavioral sequelae, we have hypothesized in other published work that it is characterized by the rapid onset of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) in children. We propose utilizing a multi-systems biological approach involving the coupling of genetic addiction risk testing and pro-dopamine regulation (KB220/POLYGEN®) to help induce “dopamine homeostasis” in patients with PANDAS, especially those with known DNA-induced hypodopaminergia. This case study examines a 12-year-old Caucasian male with no prior psychiatric issues who presented with a sudden onset of severe anxiety, depression, emotional liability, and suicidal ideation. The patient underwent genotyping and the genetic addiction risk score (GARS) testing, which revealed risk polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 (-DRD2/ANKK (Taq1A), OPRM1 (A/G), DRD3 (C/T), and MAOA (4R) genes. These polymorphisms have been linked to hypodopaminergia. The patient was subsequently placed on research ID-KB220ZPBMPOLY (POLYGEN®), and albeit the possibility of bias, based upon self and parental assessment, a marked rapid improvement in psychiatric symptoms was observed. In the second phase of treatment (102 days utilizing KB220), the patient received standard antibody testing, which was positive for Lyme. Antibacterial therapy started immediately, and KB220z was discontinued to provide a wash-out period. A monotonic trend analysis was performed on each outcome measure, and a consistently decreasing trend was observed utilizing antibacterial therapy. Our recommendation, albeit only one case, is to utilize and further research a combined therapeutic approach, involving precision-guided DNA testing and pro-dopamine regulation along with antibacterial therapy, as well as glutathione to address offensive enhanced cytokines, in patients with suspected PANDAS/CANS.展开更多
In the last decade,the rise of antibiotic resistance has heightened interest in antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their lower propensity to develo...In the last decade,the rise of antibiotic resistance has heightened interest in antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their lower propensity to develop resistance.However,lipopeptides often show undesired cytotoxicity due to their non-selective membrane disruptive effect,and their limited aqueous solubility represents a matter of concern from a pharmaceutical point of view.This study demonstrates a panel of ultrashort cationic lipopeptides(USCLs)consisting of a tetrapeptide(L1),originated from buforin II,coupled with saturated fatty acids of different lengths.Our results highlight that the 16-carbon fatty acid lipopeptide(Pal-L1)exhibits relevant antibacterial activity against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.However,the formation of heterogenic aggregates in cell culturemedium and toxic effects on human cells were also observed.Pal-L1 formulation with the randomly methylatedα-cyclodextrin(RAMEA)and the sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin(SBECD)has resulted in a production of ultralow-sized molecular dispersion systems and reduced lipopeptide toxicity without compromising its antimicrobial activity.With titration 1H-NMR,2D NMR experiments,together with molecular dynamics simulations,we described the size,structure,stoichiometry,and dissociation constant of the supramolecular complexes.Interactions of neutral and negatively chargedmodel liposomes with Pal-L1 lipopeptide in the presence or absence of cyclodextrins serve an explanation for the membrane selectivity,and based on the results,we proposed a potential mechanism of action for the Pal-L1+cyclodextrin complexes on different biological membranes.Overall,our model characterization points out that cyclodextrin formulation improves the therapeutical applicability of lipopeptides.展开更多
Reinforcement learning is widely used for control applications and has also been successfully implemented for efficient energy management within hybrid electric vehicles.Reinforcement learning algorithms offer various...Reinforcement learning is widely used for control applications and has also been successfully implemented for efficient energy management within hybrid electric vehicles.Reinforcement learning algorithms offer various advantages,including fast convergence,broad applicability,stability,and robustness,particularly with the integration of deep and transfer learning.This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of reinforcement learning principles and a critical review of various reinforcement learning methods,states,actions,and rewards used to optimize the energy management performance of hybrid electric vehicles.Furthermore,the advantages and limitations of these algorithms are also discussed.This review reveals that deep reinforcement learning techniques show superior performance in handling complex energy management tasks thanks to their ability to learn from high-dimensional state spaces.Nevertheless,their implementation faces notable obstacles,including computational complexity and generalization across diverse driving conditions.Finally,key research directions for future work and challenges are highlighted in the domain of reinforcement-learning-based hybrid electric vehicle energy management.展开更多
In a recent Science article,Wang and colleagues showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)enzyme produced by the gut microbiota can interfere with the effect of host glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)involved in stimula...In a recent Science article,Wang and colleagues showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)enzyme produced by the gut microbiota can interfere with the effect of host glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)involved in stimulating insulin secretion,and the specific inhibitor of microbial DPP4(mDPP4),combined with clinical inhibitors of host DPP4 isoenzymes,further promotes blood glucose homeostasis.1 These results point out why certain patients respond inadequately to an antidiabetic medication.展开更多
基金supported by the International Visegrad Fund(project V4-Japan Joint Research Program,Ref.JP3936)the National Research,Development and Innovation Office(Contract No.:2019-2.1.7-ERA-NET-2021-00030)+1 种基金Support by the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of Czech Republic in the framework of Visegrad Group(V4)-Japan Joint Research Program-Advanced Materials under grant No 8F21011 is gratefully acknowledged by K.M.,D.D.and A.Fsupported by JST SICORP Grant Number JPMJSC2109,Japan.
文摘Dilute Mg alloys processed by the rapidly solidified ribbon consolidation(RSRC)technique are candidate materials for structural applications due to their enhanced mechanical performance.The thermal stability of the structure in these alloys strongly influences their mechanical performance at elevated temperatures.In this study,an RSRC-processed Mg-1%Ca-0.5%Zn-0.1%Y-0.03%Mn(at%)alloy was heated at a constant rate up to 833 K,and concurrently in situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)measurements were performed using synchrotron radiation in order to monitor the changes in the structure.In addition,ex situ electron microscopy investigations were carried out before and after annealing to complete the XRD study.On the basis of XRD results,the stages of the microstructure evolution during heating were identified.In addition,the thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix and the Mg_(2)Ca secondary phase were determined.Between 299 and 400 K,the lattice constants of both the matrix and the Mg_(2)Ca phase increased due to thermal expansion.In the temperature range of 400-673 K,the increase of the lattice constants with increasing the temperature continued,but their rate was different for the two phases which can induce thermal stresses.Between 673 and 753 K,the lattice constants of the secondary phase did not change most probably due to the compensating effects of the thermal expansion and the decrease of the Ca content.In the temperature range of 753-793 K,the Mg_(2)Ca phase started to dissolve.Between 793 and 833 K the dissolution continued,and additionally the matrix was partially melted.
基金supported by the UNKP-20-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund(úNKP-20-3-Ⅱ-ELTE-163)supported by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen(FWO)Research Foundation Flanders(11M2622N)the Special Research Fund(Het Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds,BOF)of Hasselt University(BOF19KP08)。
文摘Background:Proprioceptive accuracy refers to the individual’s ability to perceive proprioceptive information,that is,the information referring to the actual state of the locomotor system,which originates from mechanoreceptors located in various parts of the locomotor system and from tactile receptors located in the skin.Proprioceptive accuracy appears to be an important aspect in the evaluation of sensorimotor functioning;however,no widely accepted standard assessment exists.In this systematic review,our goal was to identify and categorize different methods that are used to assess different aspects of proprioceptive accuracy.Methods:A literature search was conducted in 5 different databases(PubMed,SPORTDiscus,PsycINFO,ScienceDirect,and SpringerLink).Results:Overall,1139 scientific papers reporting 1346 methods were included in this review.The methods assess 8 different aspects of proprioception:(a)the perception of joint position,(b)movement and movement extent,(c)trajectory,(d)velocity,and the sense of(e)force,(f)muscle tension,(g)weight,and(h)size.They apply various paradigms of psychophysics(i.e.,the method of adjustment,constant stimuli,and limits).Conclusion:As the outcomes of different tasks with respect to various body parts show no associations(i.e.,proprioceptive accuracy is characterized by site-specificity and method-specificity),the appropriate measurement method for the task needs to be chosen based on theoretical considerations and/or ecological validity.
基金supported by the European Union within the framework of the“National Laboratory for Autonomous Systems”(No.RRF-2.3.1-212022-00002)the Hungarian“Research on prime exploitation of the potential provided by the industrial digitalisation(No.ED-18-2-2018-0006)”the“Research on cooperative production and logistics systems to support a competitive and sustainable economy(No.TKP2021-NKTA-01)”。
文摘Research of autonomous manufacturing systems is motivated both by the new technical possibilities of cyber-physical systems and by the practical needs of the industry.Autonomous operation in semi-structured industrial environments can now be supported by advanced sensor technologies,digital twins,artificial intelligence and novel communication techniques.These enable real-time monitoring of production processes,situation recognition and prediction,automated and adaptive(re)planning,teamwork and performance improvement by learning.This paper summarizes the main requirements towards autonomous industrial robotics and suggests a generic workflow for realizing such systems.Application case studies will be presented from recent practice at HUN-REN SZTAKI in a broad range of domains such as assembly,welding,grinding,picking and placing,and machining.The various solutions have in common that they use a generic digital twin concept as their core.After making general recommendations for realizing autonomous robotic solutions in the industry,open issues for future research will be discussed.
基金The research was supported by the joint Hungarian—Slovenian grant for international cooperation(Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office(NRDIO):SNN-125627)Slovenian Research Agency grants N1-0069 and P1-0184+1 种基金NRDIO postdoctoral grant PD-132041(GeH)and theúNKP-20-4 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry of Innovation and Technology from the source of the NRDIO(GB).
文摘Populations experiencing negligible predation pressure are expected to evolve higher behavioral activity.However,when sexes have different expected benefits from high activity,the adaptive shift is expected to be sex-specific.Here,we compared movement activity of one cave(lack of predation)and three adjacent surface(high and diverse predation)populations of Asellus aquaticus,a freshwater isopod known for its independent colonization of several caves across Europe.We predicted 1)higher activity in cave than in surface populations,with 2)the difference being more pronounced in males as they are known for active mate searching behavior,while females are not.Activity was assessed both in the presence and absence of light.Our results supported both predictions:movement activity was higher in the cave than in the surface populations,particularly in males.Relaxed predation pressure in the cave-adapted population is most likely the main selective factor behind increased behavioral activity,but we also showed that the extent of increase is sex-specific.
基金the Start-Up Research Grant of Shenzhen University[20200807163056003]the Start-Up Research Grant[Peacock Plan:20191105534C].
文摘Emerging adulthood(EA)is a critical stage of life to develop and sustain a healthy lifestyle,which is also a time of vulnerability to poor physical and mental health outcomes.In this study,we conducted a path analysis(N=1326)to examine associations among four dimensions of EA,levels of regular physical activity(PA),self-control,MPA tendency and irrational procrastination.Results found:1)higher levels of PA predicted both MPA tendency(β=−0.08,95%CI:−0.11 to−0.06,p<0.001)and irrational procrastination(β=−0.01,95%CI:−0.17 to−0.008,p<0.01)indirectly via self-control;2)Instability(β=0.13,95%CI:0.08 to 0.18,p<0.01)and Responsibility(β=−0.06,95%CI:−0.10 to−0.08,p=0.03)exerted direct effects on irrational procrastination and Instability also indirectly predicted irrational procrastination via MPA tendency(β=0.03,95%CI:0.02 to 0.05,p<0.01).These findings proved that perceived features of EA are linked to behavioral problems and supported that regular PA plays a crucial role to protect mental health.
文摘This short study aims to highlight contradictions in Ochsenius’s model for the basin-wide salt generation(Kara-Bogas bay desiccation).Without claiming completeness,and through numerous records cited from the specific literature,we attempt to point at crucial incoherencies in the classical evaporitic model.In our presupposition,these might have led our ancestors to conclude that basin-wide salt generation needs theoretically well-based models.This is emphatically true for the Transylvanian Basin,Romania.The selected records are basic for the specific topic.We checked their validity by logical reasoning and by literature references.As for salt generation,the classical Ochsenius model has been upheld for the generation of evaporates even though it has been known that there are records denying the exclusivity of the evaporation model.It has also been proven that deep-sea salt exists,yet terminology is reluctant to follow the new discoveries.If non-evaporitic salt generation exists,it entails that huge salt deposits may exist,which are not remnants of a desiccation process.These cannot be considered as part of the classical theory of evaporation.Former researchers left important but neglected records,which should have updated the model of Ochsenius by now.Well-documented historical observation uncovered some contradictions in the salt generation of the Transylvanian Basin,Romania.Hereby we list 10 important contradictions,which may reveal that the well-known theory of Ochsenius(i.e.drying of Kara Bogaz bay)ought to be challenged for the Transylvanian Basin.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation(18BTY011)Brendon Stubbs is supported by a Clinical Lectureship(ICA-CL-2017-03-001)jointly funded by Health Education England(HEE)and the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)+1 种基金Brendon Stubbs is part funded by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust.Brendon Stubbs also holds active grants with the Medical Research Council(GCRF and multimorbidity calls)and Guys and St Thomas Charity(GSTT).Brendon Stubbs has received consultancy fees from ASICS Europe BV.The views expressed are those of the author(s)and not necessarily those of the(partner organization),the NHS,the NIHR,the Department of Health and Social Care,the MRC or GSTTZD’s contribution was supported by the Hungarian National Research,Development and Innovation Office(KKP126835,ELTE Thematic Excellence Programme 2020,KP2020-IKA-05).
文摘Little is known about the role of active school travel(AST)on mental health among adolescents.Thus,this study aimed to explore the AST-depression association among adolescents aged 12–15 years from 26 low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey were analyzed in 51,702 adolescents[mean(SD)age 13.8(1.0)years;49.3%boys).Both depressive symptoms and AST were assessed by a single question self-reported measure,respectively.Participants who reported having 5 days or above were considered as AST.Multivariable logistic regression analysis(accounting for sampling weights)was performed while controlling for gender,age,physical activity,sedentary behavior,and food insecurity,and a countrywide meta-analysis was undertaken.The prevalence of depressive symptoms and AST were 30.1%and 37.0%,respectively.Compared with those not having AST,adolescents with AST were less likely to have self-reported depressive symptoms(OR=0.88,95%CI:0.85-0.93)regardless of gender.Countrywide meta-analysis demonstrated that having AST versus not having AST was associated with 12%lower odds for depressive symptoms(OR=0.88;95%CI:0.82-0.94)but with a moderate between-country heterogeneity(I^(2)=59.0%).Based on large samples of adolescents from LMICs,it would be expected that AST may play a critical role in preventing adolescent depression worldwide.However,it is necessary to consider more country-specific factors when implementing AST-related mental health interventions.Future studies should adopt the solid study design to confirm or negate our researchfindings.
文摘1. Introduction In the inscriptions of E-ana-tum, ruler of Lagas, listing his victories over various cities, there is a four-line long passage that describes E-ana-tum’s defeat over the city called Arawa:2 (1)su-nir URU×Aki-ka, ensi2-be2 3, saη-ba mu-DU, aga3-kar2 !(SE3)4 be2-seg10 The translations of this grammatically difficult passage vary greatly;there seems to be no agreement either about its exact meaning or about its grammatical analysis.
文摘The purpose of the research is to show that the general triangle can be replaced by the right-angled triangle as the 2D simplex, and this concept can be generalized to any higher dimensions. The main results are that such forms do exist in any dimensions;meet the requirements usually placed on an n-dimensional simplex;a hypotenuse and legs can be defined in these shapes;and a formula can be given to calculate the volume of the shape solely from the legs by a direct generalization of the Pythagorean Theorem, without computing the Cayley-Menger determinant.
文摘The objective of the article is to present the examples of the teaching of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields at TUT （Tampere university of technology） in Finland. At TUT, the education of the health questions of electric and magnetic fields has been integrated into part of four courses, which also include other environmental issues. TUT also products two times per year situation report bulletins on medical-oriented studies related to electric and magnetic fields so that graduates and people working in transmission line projects can follow new studies of the area. It is important to develop more education of EMF health questions, so people can more easily understand how new devices and technologies work.
文摘This study aimed to examine some coursebooks of English as a Foreign Language （EFL） to see whether they involve any cross-cultural topics belonging to different cultures from different countries in the world. Assuming that EFL coursebooks written after the communicative movements in foreign language teaching and learning in the 1970s and the 1980s would have a plenty of cross-cultural elements, it was expected to see these coursebooks would also have a lot of cross-cultural elements, especially regarding their publication dates. This study aimed to investigate to what extent teaching materials used in EFL setting involve intercultural elements. Accordingly, 5 coursebooks were evaluated, and topics and number of cross-cultural elements were presented. The coursebooks used in the study were published in 1998, 1999, 1999, 2001 and 2006 namely. However, as the results displayed, the frequency of cross-cultural elements were not mutually related to their publication dates. The distribution and frequency of cross-cultural elements were not balanced with the dates chronologically.
基金The information should be replaced with"This project was supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No:2022M711174).
文摘1)Background:The common factors which potentially contribute to the development of eating disorders and exercise dependence during early adulthood are still relatively unclear.The present study aimed to examine the role of BMI,body image inflexibility,and generalized anxiety in these two behavioral problems in a sample of college students.2)Methods:In total,878 habitual exercisers(58.1%male with BMI=22.12±2.39;41.9%female with BMI=20.55±2.21)with age of 20.09±1.76 years participated in this study.The main outcomes of interest are exercise dependence symptoms,eating disorders symptoms,body image inflexibility,and symptoms of generalized anxiety(as measured by Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised,Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire-Short Form,Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire,and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7,respectively).Pearson correlation,path analysis,and model fit information were tested.3)Results:After controlling for age,gender,and field of study,lower BMI was linked to more exercise dependence symptoms but this association was not statistically significant,while a greater BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing eating disorders(β=−0.08,p<0.001).Moreover,higher body image inflexibility significantly and positively contributed to severe exercise dependence(β=0.26,p<0.001)as well as abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors(β=0.74,p<0.001).Furthermore,generalized anxiety is a significant contributor to exercise dependence symptoms(β=0.14,p<0.001)but not eating disorders symptoms.4)Conclusion:Based on our finding that body image inflexibility is a common risk factor for the development of exercise dependence and eating disorders,the prevention and treatment of these two disorders should involve the improvement of psychological flexibility.In addition,the individual with a higher BMI is more vulnerable to developing eating disorders,while those who have severer generalized anxiety symptoms should be given more attention when screening for exercise dependence.
基金This work was supported by Oil&Gas Development Central(O&GD C.)Ltd.Hungary.
文摘In geology we often revise theoretical models;upon finding new evidence,such as the discovery of methane hydrates,the initial model will be challenged immediately.Hereby the authors put forward two postulates:1)There is a third,previously unexplored source of methane in the Transylvanian Basin,based on a new theoretical approach on methane hydrate formation;2)The dissociation of methane hydrates creates a strong chlorinity anomaly.Based on a recent analogy with the Black Sea basin model,we apply our statements to the Transylvanian Basin.Using direct and indirect indicators and the published system tract analysis,we claim that there are substantial grounds to believe that this model of methane hydrate formation applies to the Miocene Transylvanian Basin.Due to the increase of the geothermal gradient as a result of the volcanic activity from the Eastern Carpathians,the clathrates dissociated into methane and freshwater.This process of dilution resulted in a chlorinity anomaly that can be spotted in the formation waters of several gas fields from the Transylvanian Basin.
文摘Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with group A streptococcal infections (PANDAS) is a concept that is used to characterize a subset of children with neuropsychiatric symptoms, tic disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), whose symptoms are exacerbated by group A streptococcal (GAS) infection. PANDAS has been known to cause a sudden onset of reward deficiency syndrome (RDS). RDS includes multiple disorders that are characterized by dopaminergic signaling dysfunction in the brain reward cascade (BRC), which may result in addiction, depression, avoidant behaviors, anxiety, tic disorders, and/or OCD. According to research by Blum et al., the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene polymorphisms are important prevalent genetic determinants of RDS. The literature demonstrates that infections like Borrelia and Lyme, as well as other infections like group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS), can cause an autoimmune reaction and associated antibodies target dopaminergic loci in the mesolimbic region of the brain, which interferes with brain function and potentially causes RDS-like symptoms/behaviors. The treatment of PANDAS remains controversial, especially since there have been limited efficacy studies to date. We propose an innovative potential treatment for PANDAS based on previous clinical trials using a pro-dopamine regulator known as KB220 variants. Our ongoing research suggests that achieving “dopamine homeostasis” by precision-guided DNA testing and pro-dopamine modulation could result in improved therapeutic outcomes.
文摘In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.
基金funded through the following research grants:Czech Science Foundation Project No.18-14082SUni-versity of Economics(Prague),Faculty of Finance and Accounting VSE Project No.IP 100040+1 种基金Science without Borders program no.229760/2013-9(CNPq—Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)CAPES-PrInt Project No.88887.310237/2018-00“Cérebro,Cognição e Comportamento:Teoria e Aplicação para Inovação em Negócios”.
文摘The slippery slope framework explains tax compliance along two main dimensions,trust in authorities and power of authorities,which influence taxpayers’compliance attitudes.Through frequentist and Bayesian analyses,we investigated the framework’s assumptions on a sample of 2786 self-employed taxpayers from eleven post-communist and non-post-communist countries doing business in five economic branches.After using scenarios that experimentally manipulated trust and power,our results confirmed the framework’s assumptions regarding the attitudes of the self-employed taxpayers;trust and power fostered intended tax compliance and diminished tax evasion,trust boosted voluntary tax compliance,whereas power increased enforced tax compliance.Additionally,self-employed taxpayers from post-communist countries reported higher intended tax compliance and lower tax evasion than those from non-post-communist countries.Our results offer tax authorities insights into how trust and power may contribute to obtaining and maintaining high tax compliance levels amid global economic challenges,downturns,and increasing tax compliance costs.
文摘Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with or without streptococcal and other bacterial infections (PANDAS/CANS) are emerging as a featured pediatric disorder. Although there is some controversy regarding treatment approaches, especially related to the behavioral sequelae, we have hypothesized in other published work that it is characterized by the rapid onset of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) in children. We propose utilizing a multi-systems biological approach involving the coupling of genetic addiction risk testing and pro-dopamine regulation (KB220/POLYGEN®) to help induce “dopamine homeostasis” in patients with PANDAS, especially those with known DNA-induced hypodopaminergia. This case study examines a 12-year-old Caucasian male with no prior psychiatric issues who presented with a sudden onset of severe anxiety, depression, emotional liability, and suicidal ideation. The patient underwent genotyping and the genetic addiction risk score (GARS) testing, which revealed risk polymorphisms in the dopamine D2 (-DRD2/ANKK (Taq1A), OPRM1 (A/G), DRD3 (C/T), and MAOA (4R) genes. These polymorphisms have been linked to hypodopaminergia. The patient was subsequently placed on research ID-KB220ZPBMPOLY (POLYGEN®), and albeit the possibility of bias, based upon self and parental assessment, a marked rapid improvement in psychiatric symptoms was observed. In the second phase of treatment (102 days utilizing KB220), the patient received standard antibody testing, which was positive for Lyme. Antibacterial therapy started immediately, and KB220z was discontinued to provide a wash-out period. A monotonic trend analysis was performed on each outcome measure, and a consistently decreasing trend was observed utilizing antibacterial therapy. Our recommendation, albeit only one case, is to utilize and further research a combined therapeutic approach, involving precision-guided DNA testing and pro-dopamine regulation along with antibacterial therapy, as well as glutathione to address offensive enhanced cytokines, in patients with suspected PANDAS/CANS.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the Lendulet(Momentum)Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences(Grant No.:LP2021-28)National Research,Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary(Grant Nos.:OTKA K142904,OTKA ANN 139484,KKP_22144180,TKP2021-EGA-31,and VEKOP-2.3.3-15-2016-00020)+2 种基金Marie-Skłodowska-Curie action(H2020-MSCA-ITN BactiVAX,grant agreement No.956758)CIBERES,an initiative of Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII,Madrid,Spain)Agencia Estatal Investigacion of Spain for the Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence Accreditation CEX2021-001136-S,funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.
文摘In the last decade,the rise of antibiotic resistance has heightened interest in antimicrobial peptides and lipopeptides as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics because of their lower propensity to develop resistance.However,lipopeptides often show undesired cytotoxicity due to their non-selective membrane disruptive effect,and their limited aqueous solubility represents a matter of concern from a pharmaceutical point of view.This study demonstrates a panel of ultrashort cationic lipopeptides(USCLs)consisting of a tetrapeptide(L1),originated from buforin II,coupled with saturated fatty acids of different lengths.Our results highlight that the 16-carbon fatty acid lipopeptide(Pal-L1)exhibits relevant antibacterial activity against multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain.However,the formation of heterogenic aggregates in cell culturemedium and toxic effects on human cells were also observed.Pal-L1 formulation with the randomly methylatedα-cyclodextrin(RAMEA)and the sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin(SBECD)has resulted in a production of ultralow-sized molecular dispersion systems and reduced lipopeptide toxicity without compromising its antimicrobial activity.With titration 1H-NMR,2D NMR experiments,together with molecular dynamics simulations,we described the size,structure,stoichiometry,and dissociation constant of the supramolecular complexes.Interactions of neutral and negatively chargedmodel liposomes with Pal-L1 lipopeptide in the presence or absence of cyclodextrins serve an explanation for the membrane selectivity,and based on the results,we proposed a potential mechanism of action for the Pal-L1+cyclodextrin complexes on different biological membranes.Overall,our model characterization points out that cyclodextrin formulation improves the therapeutical applicability of lipopeptides.
文摘Reinforcement learning is widely used for control applications and has also been successfully implemented for efficient energy management within hybrid electric vehicles.Reinforcement learning algorithms offer various advantages,including fast convergence,broad applicability,stability,and robustness,particularly with the integration of deep and transfer learning.This paper provides a comprehensive understanding of reinforcement learning principles and a critical review of various reinforcement learning methods,states,actions,and rewards used to optimize the energy management performance of hybrid electric vehicles.Furthermore,the advantages and limitations of these algorithms are also discussed.This review reveals that deep reinforcement learning techniques show superior performance in handling complex energy management tasks thanks to their ability to learn from high-dimensional state spaces.Nevertheless,their implementation faces notable obstacles,including computational complexity and generalization across diverse driving conditions.Finally,key research directions for future work and challenges are highlighted in the domain of reinforcement-learning-based hybrid electric vehicle energy management.
基金supported by the National Research,Development and Innovation Office of Hungary(grant number:NKFI FK134684)project TKP2021-EGA-28 was implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research,Development and Innovation Fund,financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding scheme+4 种基金The work of T.K.was supported by the UKRI BBSRC Institute Strategic Programme Food Microbiome and Health BB/X011054/1 and its constituent project BBS/E/F/000PR13631T.K.was also supported by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre Organoid FacilityThe views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the UK Department of Health and Social CareT.V.was supported by grant OTKA(Hungarian Scientific Research Fund,K132439)HUN-REN-ELTE Genetics Research Group(01062).
文摘In a recent Science article,Wang and colleagues showed that the dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)enzyme produced by the gut microbiota can interfere with the effect of host glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)involved in stimulating insulin secretion,and the specific inhibitor of microbial DPP4(mDPP4),combined with clinical inhibitors of host DPP4 isoenzymes,further promotes blood glucose homeostasis.1 These results point out why certain patients respond inadequately to an antidiabetic medication.
