Background For patients with locally advanced esophagogastric cancer,the standard of care in the UK is neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)followed by surgery.Prehabilitation exercise training can improve physiological funct...Background For patients with locally advanced esophagogastric cancer,the standard of care in the UK is neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)followed by surgery.Prehabilitation exercise training can improve physiological function and fitness.If such improvements translate to increased immune infiltration of tumors,exercise could be prescribed as an immune adjuvant during NAC and potentially improve clinical outcomes.As such,we aimed to determine whether prehabilitation increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs).Methods We assessed 22 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer on a randomized control trial comparing 16 weeks of low-to-moderate intensity twice weekly supervised and thrice weekly home-based exercise(Prehab:n=11)to no prehabilitation(Control:n=11).Our primary outcome was to compare tumor-immune responses between Controls and Prehab.We compared formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors by high-resolution multispectral immunohistochemistry(mIHC)and NanoString spatial transcriptomics.Secondarily,we determined relationships between changes in fitness to the exercise training and tumor-immune measures.Specifically,we assessed percentage changes in peak cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))before NAC(Baseline)and after 8 weeks of NAC(Post-NAC),and changes between Baseline and following 8 weeks of NAC recovery before surgery(Pre-surgery)and correlated changes in fitness with tumor-immune responses.Finally,as an exploratory aim,we assessed clinical outcomes between groups,including survival,therapy tolerance,and tumor regrading.Results We observed that Prehab had significantly more CD8+lymphocytes in their tumors(mean difference(diff.)=1.79,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.76‒2.82,p<0.001)and their stroma(mean diff.=1.59,95%CI:0.66‒2.52,p<0.001)than the Controls.When normalized to total numbers of TILs,Prehab had higher levels of CD56+natural killer(NK)cells(median diff.=0.87,95%CI:0.25‒2.18),p=0.0274),consisting primarily of CD56^(dim)NK cells(median diff.=0.48,95%CI:0.03‒2.53),p=0.0464).Evaluation of the presence and localization of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS)in the esophageal tumors revealed that most TLS were in the peritumoral regions.Prehab had a higher TLS cell density(cells/mm^(2);median diff.=18,959,95%CI:13,518‒22,635),p<0.001)and more clearly defined germinal centers indicative of mature TLS visually.We observed that Prehab maintained their VO_(2peak)during NAC while the Controls’VO_(2peak)reduced by 9.0%±10.2%(mean±SD)(Post-NAC:p=0.018).Pre-surgery,Prehab VO_(2peak)was a clinically meaningful 3.27±1.31 mL/kg/min higher than Controls(p=0.022).Between Baseline and Post-NAC,where the Prehab maintained VO_(2peak)better than Controls,there were significant positive associations with percentage changes in VO_(2peak)and the frequencies of CD8+TILs(r=0.531,p=0.016),programmed death-ligand 1+(PDL1+)cells(r=0.566,p=0.009),and granzyme B+(GrzB+)TILs(r=0.582,p=0.007).Similar relationships were observed for changes in VO_(2peak)from Baseline to Pre-Surgery only in the Prehab group.We observed no differences between groups regarding clinical outcomes such as survival,therapy tolerance,or tumor regrading.Conclusion We show that exercise training during NAC,which promotes higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness than no exercise,is associated with increased frequencies of TILs and maturity of TLS.These data suggest that exercise during NAC enhances the immune system.Future studies are warranted to understand the clinical consequences of this.展开更多
With the advent of in-wheel motors and corner modules,the structure of vehicle chassis subsystems has shifted from traditionally centralized to distributed.This review focuses on the distributed chassis system(DCS)equ...With the advent of in-wheel motors and corner modules,the structure of vehicle chassis subsystems has shifted from traditionally centralized to distributed.This review focuses on the distributed chassis system(DCS)equipped with corner modules.It first provides a comprehensive summary and description of the revolution of the structure and control methods of vehicle chassis systems(including driving,braking,suspension,and steering systems).Given that DCS integrates various chassis subsystems,this review moves beyond individual subsystem analysis and delves into the coordination of these subsystems at the vehicle level.It provides a detailed summary of the methods and architectures used for integrated coordination and control,ensuring that multiple subsystems can function seamlessly as an integrated whole.Finally,this review summarizes the latest distributed control architecture for DCS.It also examines current control theories in the fields of control and information technology for distributed systems,such as multi-agent systems and cyber-physical systems.Based on these two control approaches,a multi-domain cooperative control framework for DCS is proposed.展开更多
Skeletal dysplasia includes numerous genetic disorders marked by abnormal bone and cartilage growth,causing various spinal issues.The 2023 nosology identifies 771 distinct dysplasias involving 552 genes,with achondrop...Skeletal dysplasia includes numerous genetic disorders marked by abnormal bone and cartilage growth,causing various spinal issues.The 2023 nosology identifies 771 distinct dysplasias involving 552 genes,with achondroplasia being the most common and significantly affecting the spine.Other disorders include type II collagenopathies,sulphation defects,Filamin B disorders,and osteogenesis imperfecta,presenting with short stature,limb deformities,joint contractures,and spinal abnormalities.Spinal pathology often impacts physeal growth areas,leading to conditions like foramen magnum stenosis,atlantoaxial instability,spinal stenosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis.Non-orthopaedic symptoms can include hearing and vision loss,neurological issues like hydrocephalus,and cardiac abnormalities.The incidence is around 1 in 4000 to 5000 births,with achondroplasia at about 1 in 30000 live births.Advances in genetics and imaging enable prenatal diagnosis,though milder cases may go undetected.Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists.This review emphasises early diagnosis,continuous monitoring,and comprehensive management of spinal pathology in skeletal dysplasia.In the current article,the authors present a thorough review on spinal conditions associated with skeletal dysplasia,their pathophysiology and management options.展开更多
Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabil...Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.In this paper,the development of FES systems is sorted out and analyzed in a time order.Then,the progress of functional electrical stimulation in the field of rehabilitation is reviewed in details in two aspects,i.e.,system development and algorithm progress.In the system aspect,the development of the first FES control and stimulation system,the core of the lower limb-based neuroprosthesis system and the system based on brain-computer interface are introduced.The algorithm optimization for control strategy is introduced in the algorithm.Asynchronous stimulation to prolong the function time of the lower limbs and a method to improve the robustness of knee joint modeling using neural networks.Representative applications in each of these aspects have been investigated and analyzed.展开更多
Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly charact...Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.展开更多
This study proposed a lightweight but high-performance convolu-tion network for accurately classifying five upper limb movements of arm,involving forearm flexion and rotation,arm extension,lumbar touch and no reaction...This study proposed a lightweight but high-performance convolu-tion network for accurately classifying five upper limb movements of arm,involving forearm flexion and rotation,arm extension,lumbar touch and no reaction state,aiming to monitoring patient’s rehabilitation process and assist the therapist in elevating patient compliance with treatment.To achieve this goal,a lightweight convolution neural network TMCA-Net(Time Mul-tiscale Channel Attention Convolutional Neural Network)is designed,which combines attention mechanism,uses multi-branched convolution structure to automatically extract feature information at different scales from sensor data,and filters feature information based on attention mechanism.In particular,channel separation convolution is used to replace traditional convolution.This reduces the computational complexity of the model,decouples the convolution operation of the time dimension and the cross-channel feature interaction,which is helpful to the target optimization of feature extraction.TMCA-Net shows excellent performance in the upper limb rehabilitation ges-ture data,achieves 99.11%accuracy and 99.16%F1-score for the classification and recognition of five gestures.Compared with CNN and LSTM network,it achieves 65.62%and 89.98%accuracy in the same task.In addition,on the UCI smartphone public dataset,with the network parameters of one tenth of the current advanced model,the recognition accuracy rate of 95.21%has been achieved,which further proves the light weight and performance characteristics of the model.The clinical significance of this study is to accurately monitor patients’upper limb rehabilitation gesture by an affordable intelligent model as an auxiliary support for therapists’decision-making.展开更多
Wetting and spreading processes which involve surfactant solutions are widely used in numerous industrial and practical applications nowadays.The performance of different non-ionic surfactants may vary significantly a...Wetting and spreading processes which involve surfactant solutions are widely used in numerous industrial and practical applications nowadays.The performance of different non-ionic surfactants may vary significantly and so far superspreader solutions show the most promising spreading ability.The addition of trisiloxane surfactants to water was proven to enhance wetting,even on hydrophobic surfaces,on which conventional surfactants seem to have little or no effect.Although these extraordinary surfactants have been extensively studied over recent years,complete understanding of their underlying mechanisms and a suitable mathematical model are still lacking.Here we present a possible explanation for the impressive performance of trisiloxane,which is compared to wetting enhancement of a conventional surfactant.Additionally,we will explain why the hydrophobicity of the surface is a crucial factor for the spreading phenomenon.Light will be also shed on the effect of the pH of the solution to which surfactants are added.Finally,we will investigate long-term effects of the water environment on trisiloxane wetting ability and discuss if ageing may significantly affect their performance.展开更多
The aim of this study is to identify the influence of the dip angle of a pre-existing macrocrack on the lifetime and ultimate deformation of rock-like material. Prediction of lifetime has been studied for three groups...The aim of this study is to identify the influence of the dip angle of a pre-existing macrocrack on the lifetime and ultimate deformation of rock-like material. Prediction of lifetime has been studied for three groups of specimens under axial static compressive load levels. The specimens were investigated from 65% to 85% of UCS(uniaxial compressive strength) at an interval of 10% of UCS for the groups of specimens with a single modelled open flaw with a dip angle to the loading direction of 30°(first group), at an interval of 5% of UCS increment for the groups of specimens with single(second group), and double sequential open flaws with a dip angle to the loading direction of 60°(third group). This study shows that crack propagation in specimens with a single flaw follows the same sequences. At first, wing cracks appear, and then shear crack develops from the existing wing cracks. Shear cracking is responsible for specimen failure in all three groups. A slip is expected in specimens from the third group which connects two individual modelled open flaws. The moment of the slip is noticed as a characteristic rise in the axial deformation at a constant load level. It is also observed that axial deformation versus time follows the same pattern, irrespective of local geometry. Specimens from the first group exhibit higher axial deformation under different load levels in comparison with the specimens from the second and third groups.展开更多
The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's ...The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites,which are found in intracontinental,rift-related settings,and also in syn-to post-collisional settings.Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits,such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China.This paper reviews REE mineralization in syn-to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide,in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits.We use three examples,in Scotland,Namibia,and Turkey,to illustrate the structure of these systems.We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes.It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralization in these settings,with REE,Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase.The most significant REE mineralization in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level,carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions,but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.展开更多
This paper aims to study energy consumption in a house. Home energy managementsystem (HEMS) has become very important, because energy consumption of aresidential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energ...This paper aims to study energy consumption in a house. Home energy managementsystem (HEMS) has become very important, because energy consumption of aresidential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energy consumption.However, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations among dimensionalvariables reusability and interoperability. Furthermore, the cost of implementation inHEMS is very expensive, which leads to the disturbance of the spread of a HEMS.Therefore, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based HEMS with lightweightphotovoltaic (PV) system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enablesthe construction of a HEMS to be scalable reusable and interoperable. The study suggestsa technique for decreasing cost of energy that HEMS is using and various perspectives insystem. The method that proposed is K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor) which helps us toanalyze the classification and regression datasets. This paper has the result from the datarelevant in October 2018 from some buildings of Nanjing University of InformationScience and Technology.展开更多
Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very ...Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very little literature is available to support either modelling or occurrence prediction for this phenomenon. In this study, an unsteady physical model of fire spread is detailed, which describes the initiation and development of eruptive fires with an induced wind sub-model. The latter phenomenon is proposed as the mainspring of fire eruptions. Induced wind is proportional to the rate of spread and the rate of spread is in a non-linear relationship with induced wind. This feedback can converge or diverge depending on the conditions. The model allows both explaining why an eruption can occur and predicting explicitly its occurrence according to meteorological conditions, topographic parameters, fuel bed properties and fire front width. The model is tested by comparing its results to a set of experiments carried out at laboratory scale and during an outdoor wildfire, the Kornati accident.展开更多
The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave ro...The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave rooms were investigated. A field measurement was carried out in such a typical dwelling in the winter. The results presented in this paper prove the ability of this dwelling to transform an extreme winter environment outside cave rooms into a better outdoor community space and will be helpful for modern architects to seek a low cost housing solution with concern for sustainable development.展开更多
Global warming,as a key driver of climate change,is accelerating water temperature rise,with significant implications for aquatic ecosystems.Temperature,a critical abiotic factor,directly affects the physiology,growth...Global warming,as a key driver of climate change,is accelerating water temperature rise,with significant implications for aquatic ecosystems.Temperature,a critical abiotic factor,directly affects the physiology,growth,and survival of aquatic organisms.In the context of aquaculture-one of the fastest-growing food sectors-crustaceans hold high commercial value due to their production volume and global demand.However,their sensitivity to thermal fluctuations poses major challenge under climate change.This review examines the impact of elevated temperatures on growth performance,food intake,moulting,immune response,and survival of major farmed crustaceans,including shrimp,prawns,crabs,lobsters,and crayfish.Broader ecological consequences,such as disruptions in nutrient cycling and disease outbreaks,are also explored.Additionally,we evaluate mitigation strategies,including dietary modification,technological innovations,biotechnological approaches,and aquaculture insurance models.By integrating physiological,immunological,and ecological evidence,this review identifies key knowledge gaps and highlighting opportunities to improve climate resilience in crustacean aquaculture.Understanding these challenges is essential for sustaining productivity and promoting adaptive management in a warming world.展开更多
背景:肢体间不对称是人类生长发育过程中的一般现象,长期专项训练可使运动员肢体间不对称发生特异性适应。目的:回顾了体育运动中肢体间不对称的形成原因、表现形式及对运动能力的影响,并概述了相关评估方法及干预策略。方法:检索中国...背景:肢体间不对称是人类生长发育过程中的一般现象,长期专项训练可使运动员肢体间不对称发生特异性适应。目的:回顾了体育运动中肢体间不对称的形成原因、表现形式及对运动能力的影响,并概述了相关评估方法及干预策略。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed及Web of Science数据库建库至2024年9月间收录的文献,中文检索词为“不对称,对称,失衡,平衡,力量,爆发力,跳跃,跑,人体测量学,运动损伤,运动能力,运动表现”,英文检索词为“asymmetry,asymmetries,asymmetric,asymmetrical,imbalance,strength,power,force,jump,sprint,athletic performance,anthropometry,injury”。排除重复发表、内容不相关及会议文献后,最终纳入131篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:(1)肢体间不对称可受遗传、任务、训练、损伤、疲劳和肢体偏好等因素影响,主要表现为解剖结构、力量表现、专项任务不对称等形式;(2)肢体间不对称增大可导致双侧同相位对称类运动能力受损,但与双侧异相位对称类运动能力间关系尚不明确;(3)训练干预可有效改善肢体间不对称,且单侧训练效果优于双侧,训练方式和内容选择应符合专项需求;(4)为进一步厘清肢体间不对称与运动能力间的关系,建议未来研究秉承肢体间不对称的“任务特异性”理念,规范研究设计,选择敏感测试手段与指标,统一计算方式以提供更多的高质量证据,并分类制定不同专项肢体间不对称的预警阈值标准。展开更多
Recent years have seen an increasing interest in Demand Response(DR),as a means to satisfy the growing flexibility needs of modern power grids.This increased flexibility is required due to the growing proportion of in...Recent years have seen an increasing interest in Demand Response(DR),as a means to satisfy the growing flexibility needs of modern power grids.This increased flexibility is required due to the growing proportion of intermittent renewable energy generation into the energy mix,and increasing complexity in demand profiles from the electrification of transport networks.Currently,less than 2%of the global potential for demand-side flexibility is currently utilised,but a more widespread adoption of residential consumers as flexibility resources can lead to substantially higher utilisation of the demand-side flexibility potential.In order to achieve this target,acquiring a better understanding of how residential DR participants respond in DR events is essential–and recent advances in novel machine learning and statistical AI provide promising tools to address this challenge.This study provides an in-depth analysis of how residential customers have responded in incentive-based DR,utilising household-related data from a large-scale,real-world trial:the Smart Grid,Smart City(SGSC)project.Using a number of different machine learning approaches,we model the relationship between a household’s response and household-related features.Moreover,we examine the potential effects of households’features on the residential response behaviour,and highlight a number of key insights which raise questions about the reported level of consumers’engagement in DR schemes,and the motivation for different customers’response level.Finally,we explore the temporal structure of the response–and although we found no supporting evidence of DR responders learning over time for the available data from this trial,the proposed methodologies could be used for longer-term longitudinal DR studies.Our study concludes with a broader discussion of our findings and potential paths for future research in this emerging area.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic atherosclerosis(DMA)is increasing worldwide,but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.In addition to cardiovascular complications,bladder dysfunction is one of the commo...BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic atherosclerosis(DMA)is increasing worldwide,but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.In addition to cardiovascular complications,bladder dysfunction is one of the common comorbidities associated with DMA but is often refractory to current treatments.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(hAFSC-EVs)on the recovery of bladder dysfunction in DMA rats.METHODS Eighty rats were divided into normal control,streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,diabetic rats subjected to arterial balloon endothelial injury of common iliac artery(DMA),and DMA rats treated with hAFSC-EVs(DMA+hAFSC-EVs).At 4 weeks and 12 weeks after DMA induction,levels of blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-insulin resistance,and HOMA-βwere measured.Cystometry,common iliac artery wall thickness,and bladder tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,Smad3,connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and fibronectin were also evaluated.RESULTS Bladder weight and blood glucose,triglyceride,HOMA-insulin resistance,common iliac artery intima thickness,voided volume,intercontraction interval,bladder capacity,and mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,TGF-β1,Smad3,CTGF and fibronectin were significantly increased at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after induction,while the HOMA-βlevel decreased at 4 weeks and 12 weeks,and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased at 12 weeks.hAFSC-EVs treatment in DMA rats significantly reduced bladder weight and blood glucose,thickness of common iliac arterial intima,voided volume,intercontraction interval and bladder capacity at 4 weeks.The mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β1,and CTGF in DMA rats treated with hAFSC-EVs were significantly decreased at 4 weeks,while the mRNA expressions of IL-6 and Smad3 were significantly decreased 12 weeks.CONCLUSION hAFSC-EVs treatment can help restore DMA-induced bladder dysfunction,which is associated with lowered blood glucose levels,reduced arterial wall thickness,and decreased TNF-α,IL-6,TGF-β1,Smad3,and CTGF expression.展开更多
Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR),with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems.Despite the potentially significant health risk...Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR),with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems.Despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses,information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking.This review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia:brucellosis,Q fever(Coxiella burnetii),trichinellosis,hepatitis E virus,leptospirosis,Japanese encephalitis,Streptococcus suis and Taenia solium taeniasis-cysticercosis.It summarises current knowledge on these diseases grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting.A literature search was conducted across multiple databases for publications from 1990 to the present day related to the eight pig-associated zoonoses and the risk and impact connected with them,with Lao PDR as a case study.Many of these pig-associated zoonoses have similar presentations and are often diagnosed as clinical syndromes.Misdiagnosis and underreporting are,therefore,substantial and emphasise the need for more robust diagnostics and appropriate surveillance systems.While some reports exist in other countries in the region,information is significantly lacking in Lao PDR with existing information coming mainly from the capital,Vientiane.The disease burden imposed by these zoonoses is not only characterised by morbidity and mortality,but directly impacts on livelihoods through income reduction and production losses,and indirectly through treatment costs and lost work opportunities.Other factors crucial to understanding and controlling these diseases are the influence of ethnicity and culture on food-consumption practices,pig rearing and slaughter practices,hygiene and sanitation,health-seeking behaviours and,therefore,risk factors for disease transmission.Published information on the knowledge,attitudes and beliefs of people regarding pig zoonoses and their risk factors is also extremely limited in Lao PDR and the broader Southeast Asian region.The need for more transdisciplinary research,using a One Health approach,in order to understand the underlining social determinants of health and their impacts on health-seeking behaviours,disease transmission and,ultimately,disease reporting,cannot be more emphasized.展开更多
文摘Background For patients with locally advanced esophagogastric cancer,the standard of care in the UK is neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)followed by surgery.Prehabilitation exercise training can improve physiological function and fitness.If such improvements translate to increased immune infiltration of tumors,exercise could be prescribed as an immune adjuvant during NAC and potentially improve clinical outcomes.As such,we aimed to determine whether prehabilitation increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs).Methods We assessed 22 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer on a randomized control trial comparing 16 weeks of low-to-moderate intensity twice weekly supervised and thrice weekly home-based exercise(Prehab:n=11)to no prehabilitation(Control:n=11).Our primary outcome was to compare tumor-immune responses between Controls and Prehab.We compared formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors by high-resolution multispectral immunohistochemistry(mIHC)and NanoString spatial transcriptomics.Secondarily,we determined relationships between changes in fitness to the exercise training and tumor-immune measures.Specifically,we assessed percentage changes in peak cardiorespiratory fitness as assessed by peak oxygen uptake(VO_(2peak))before NAC(Baseline)and after 8 weeks of NAC(Post-NAC),and changes between Baseline and following 8 weeks of NAC recovery before surgery(Pre-surgery)and correlated changes in fitness with tumor-immune responses.Finally,as an exploratory aim,we assessed clinical outcomes between groups,including survival,therapy tolerance,and tumor regrading.Results We observed that Prehab had significantly more CD8+lymphocytes in their tumors(mean difference(diff.)=1.79,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.76‒2.82,p<0.001)and their stroma(mean diff.=1.59,95%CI:0.66‒2.52,p<0.001)than the Controls.When normalized to total numbers of TILs,Prehab had higher levels of CD56+natural killer(NK)cells(median diff.=0.87,95%CI:0.25‒2.18),p=0.0274),consisting primarily of CD56^(dim)NK cells(median diff.=0.48,95%CI:0.03‒2.53),p=0.0464).Evaluation of the presence and localization of tumor-associated tertiary lymphoid structures(TLS)in the esophageal tumors revealed that most TLS were in the peritumoral regions.Prehab had a higher TLS cell density(cells/mm^(2);median diff.=18,959,95%CI:13,518‒22,635),p<0.001)and more clearly defined germinal centers indicative of mature TLS visually.We observed that Prehab maintained their VO_(2peak)during NAC while the Controls’VO_(2peak)reduced by 9.0%±10.2%(mean±SD)(Post-NAC:p=0.018).Pre-surgery,Prehab VO_(2peak)was a clinically meaningful 3.27±1.31 mL/kg/min higher than Controls(p=0.022).Between Baseline and Post-NAC,where the Prehab maintained VO_(2peak)better than Controls,there were significant positive associations with percentage changes in VO_(2peak)and the frequencies of CD8+TILs(r=0.531,p=0.016),programmed death-ligand 1+(PDL1+)cells(r=0.566,p=0.009),and granzyme B+(GrzB+)TILs(r=0.582,p=0.007).Similar relationships were observed for changes in VO_(2peak)from Baseline to Pre-Surgery only in the Prehab group.We observed no differences between groups regarding clinical outcomes such as survival,therapy tolerance,or tumor regrading.Conclusion We show that exercise training during NAC,which promotes higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness than no exercise,is associated with increased frequencies of TILs and maturity of TLS.These data suggest that exercise during NAC enhances the immune system.Future studies are warranted to understand the clinical consequences of this.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072072,52025121,52394263).
文摘With the advent of in-wheel motors and corner modules,the structure of vehicle chassis subsystems has shifted from traditionally centralized to distributed.This review focuses on the distributed chassis system(DCS)equipped with corner modules.It first provides a comprehensive summary and description of the revolution of the structure and control methods of vehicle chassis systems(including driving,braking,suspension,and steering systems).Given that DCS integrates various chassis subsystems,this review moves beyond individual subsystem analysis and delves into the coordination of these subsystems at the vehicle level.It provides a detailed summary of the methods and architectures used for integrated coordination and control,ensuring that multiple subsystems can function seamlessly as an integrated whole.Finally,this review summarizes the latest distributed control architecture for DCS.It also examines current control theories in the fields of control and information technology for distributed systems,such as multi-agent systems and cyber-physical systems.Based on these two control approaches,a multi-domain cooperative control framework for DCS is proposed.
文摘Skeletal dysplasia includes numerous genetic disorders marked by abnormal bone and cartilage growth,causing various spinal issues.The 2023 nosology identifies 771 distinct dysplasias involving 552 genes,with achondroplasia being the most common and significantly affecting the spine.Other disorders include type II collagenopathies,sulphation defects,Filamin B disorders,and osteogenesis imperfecta,presenting with short stature,limb deformities,joint contractures,and spinal abnormalities.Spinal pathology often impacts physeal growth areas,leading to conditions like foramen magnum stenosis,atlantoaxial instability,spinal stenosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis.Non-orthopaedic symptoms can include hearing and vision loss,neurological issues like hydrocephalus,and cardiac abnormalities.The incidence is around 1 in 4000 to 5000 births,with achondroplasia at about 1 in 30000 live births.Advances in genetics and imaging enable prenatal diagnosis,though milder cases may go undetected.Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists.This review emphasises early diagnosis,continuous monitoring,and comprehensive management of spinal pathology in skeletal dysplasia.In the current article,the authors present a thorough review on spinal conditions associated with skeletal dysplasia,their pathophysiology and management options.
基金This work has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmer under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.701697,Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)Basic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20180794)+1 种基金333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)the PAPD fund.
文摘Functional electrical stimulation is a method of repairing a dysfunctional limb in a stroke patient by using low-intensity electrical stimulation.Currently,it is widely used in smart medical treatment for limb rehabilitation in stroke patients.In this paper,the development of FES systems is sorted out and analyzed in a time order.Then,the progress of functional electrical stimulation in the field of rehabilitation is reviewed in details in two aspects,i.e.,system development and algorithm progress.In the system aspect,the development of the first FES control and stimulation system,the core of the lower limb-based neuroprosthesis system and the system based on brain-computer interface are introduced.The algorithm optimization for control strategy is introduced in the algorithm.Asynchronous stimulation to prolong the function time of the lower limbs and a method to improve the robustness of knee joint modeling using neural networks.Representative applications in each of these aspects have been investigated and analyzed.
文摘Boehmeria nivea var.strigosa Zeng Y.Wu&Y.Zhao,a new variety of B.nivea(Urticaceae)from Southwest China,is here described based on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogeny.This new variety is mainly characterized by its green abaxial leaf blade,partly connate stipules,and densely patent strigose hairs on stems and potioles.The phylogenetic analysis based on rbc L,nrDNA and rbc L+nrDNA datasets,revealed that all individuals of B.nivea var.strigosa formed a monophyletic group.The conservation status of B.nivea var.strigosa is assessed as“Near Threatened”(NT)according to IUCN evaluation criteria.The discovery of this new variety is not only crucial for the taxonomy of ramie,but also provides reference for the exploration and utilization of ramie.
基金funding from the Key Laboratory Foundation of National Defence Technology under Grant 61424010208,National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41911530242 and 41975142)5150 Spring Specialists(05492018012 and 05762018039)+3 种基金Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.17ZDA092)333 High-Level Talent Cultivation Project of Jiangsu Province(BRA2018332)Royal Society of Edinburgh,UK and China Natural Science Foundation Council(RSE Reference:62967_Liu_2018_2)under their Joint International Projects funding scheme and basic Research Programs(Natural Science Foundation)of Jiangsu Province(BK20191398 and BK20180794).
文摘This study proposed a lightweight but high-performance convolu-tion network for accurately classifying five upper limb movements of arm,involving forearm flexion and rotation,arm extension,lumbar touch and no reaction state,aiming to monitoring patient’s rehabilitation process and assist the therapist in elevating patient compliance with treatment.To achieve this goal,a lightweight convolution neural network TMCA-Net(Time Mul-tiscale Channel Attention Convolutional Neural Network)is designed,which combines attention mechanism,uses multi-branched convolution structure to automatically extract feature information at different scales from sensor data,and filters feature information based on attention mechanism.In particular,channel separation convolution is used to replace traditional convolution.This reduces the computational complexity of the model,decouples the convolution operation of the time dimension and the cross-channel feature interaction,which is helpful to the target optimization of feature extraction.TMCA-Net shows excellent performance in the upper limb rehabilitation ges-ture data,achieves 99.11%accuracy and 99.16%F1-score for the classification and recognition of five gestures.Compared with CNN and LSTM network,it achieves 65.62%and 89.98%accuracy in the same task.In addition,on the UCI smartphone public dataset,with the network parameters of one tenth of the current advanced model,the recognition accuracy rate of 95.21%has been achieved,which further proves the light weight and performance characteristics of the model.The clinical significance of this study is to accurately monitor patients’upper limb rehabilitation gesture by an affordable intelligent model as an auxiliary support for therapists’decision-making.
文摘Wetting and spreading processes which involve surfactant solutions are widely used in numerous industrial and practical applications nowadays.The performance of different non-ionic surfactants may vary significantly and so far superspreader solutions show the most promising spreading ability.The addition of trisiloxane surfactants to water was proven to enhance wetting,even on hydrophobic surfaces,on which conventional surfactants seem to have little or no effect.Although these extraordinary surfactants have been extensively studied over recent years,complete understanding of their underlying mechanisms and a suitable mathematical model are still lacking.Here we present a possible explanation for the impressive performance of trisiloxane,which is compared to wetting enhancement of a conventional surfactant.Additionally,we will explain why the hydrophobicity of the surface is a crucial factor for the spreading phenomenon.Light will be also shed on the effect of the pH of the solution to which surfactants are added.Finally,we will investigate long-term effects of the water environment on trisiloxane wetting ability and discuss if ageing may significantly affect their performance.
文摘The aim of this study is to identify the influence of the dip angle of a pre-existing macrocrack on the lifetime and ultimate deformation of rock-like material. Prediction of lifetime has been studied for three groups of specimens under axial static compressive load levels. The specimens were investigated from 65% to 85% of UCS(uniaxial compressive strength) at an interval of 10% of UCS for the groups of specimens with a single modelled open flaw with a dip angle to the loading direction of 30°(first group), at an interval of 5% of UCS increment for the groups of specimens with single(second group), and double sequential open flaws with a dip angle to the loading direction of 60°(third group). This study shows that crack propagation in specimens with a single flaw follows the same sequences. At first, wing cracks appear, and then shear crack develops from the existing wing cracks. Shear cracking is responsible for specimen failure in all three groups. A slip is expected in specimens from the third group which connects two individual modelled open flaws. The moment of the slip is noticed as a characteristic rise in the axial deformation at a constant load level. It is also observed that axial deformation versus time follows the same pattern, irrespective of local geometry. Specimens from the first group exhibit higher axial deformation under different load levels in comparison with the specimens from the second and third groups.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the HiTech AlkC arb Project(No.689909)。
文摘The rare earth elements(REE)are critical raw materials for much of modern technology,particularly renewable energy infrastructure and electric vehicles that are vital for the energy transition.Many of the world's largest REE deposits occur in alkaline rocks and carbonatites,which are found in intracontinental,rift-related settings,and also in syn-to post-collisional settings.Post-collisional settings host significant REE deposits,such as those of the Mianning-Dechang belt in China.This paper reviews REE mineralization in syn-to post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes worldwide,in order to demonstrate some of the key physical and chemical features of these deposits.We use three examples,in Scotland,Namibia,and Turkey,to illustrate the structure of these systems.We review published geochemical data and use these to build up a broad model for the REE mineral system in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes.It is evident that immiscibility of carbonate-rich magmas and fluids plays an important part in generating mineralization in these settings,with REE,Ba and F partitioning into the carbonate-rich phase.The most significant REE mineralization in post-collisional alkaline-carbonatite complexes occurs in shallow-level,carbothermal or carbonatite intrusions,but deeper carbonatite bodies and associated alteration zones may also have REE enrichment.
文摘This paper aims to study energy consumption in a house. Home energy managementsystem (HEMS) has become very important, because energy consumption of aresidential sector accounts for a significant amount of total energy consumption.However, a conventional HEMS has some architectural limitations among dimensionalvariables reusability and interoperability. Furthermore, the cost of implementation inHEMS is very expensive, which leads to the disturbance of the spread of a HEMS.Therefore, this study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based HEMS with lightweightphotovoltaic (PV) system over dynamic home area networks (DHANs), which enablesthe construction of a HEMS to be scalable reusable and interoperable. The study suggestsa technique for decreasing cost of energy that HEMS is using and various perspectives insystem. The method that proposed is K-NN (K-Nearest Neighbor) which helps us toanalyze the classification and regression datasets. This paper has the result from the datarelevant in October 2018 from some buildings of Nanjing University of InformationScience and Technology.
文摘Eruptive fires are one of the main causes of human losses in forest fire fighting. The sudden change in fire behaviour due to a fire eruption is extremely dangerous for fire-fighters because it is unpredictable. Very little literature is available to support either modelling or occurrence prediction for this phenomenon. In this study, an unsteady physical model of fire spread is detailed, which describes the initiation and development of eruptive fires with an induced wind sub-model. The latter phenomenon is proposed as the mainspring of fire eruptions. Induced wind is proportional to the rate of spread and the rate of spread is in a non-linear relationship with induced wind. This feedback can converge or diverge depending on the conditions. The model allows both explaining why an eruption can occur and predicting explicitly its occurrence according to meteorological conditions, topographic parameters, fuel bed properties and fire front width. The model is tested by comparing its results to a set of experiments carried out at laboratory scale and during an outdoor wildfire, the Kornati accident.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59638210).
文摘The effect of the courtyard on moderating the hush climate and improving the thermal environment of the courtyard style cave dwelling, and the interaction amongst the ambient, the courtyard and its surrounding cave rooms were investigated. A field measurement was carried out in such a typical dwelling in the winter. The results presented in this paper prove the ability of this dwelling to transform an extreme winter environment outside cave rooms into a better outdoor community space and will be helpful for modern architects to seek a low cost housing solution with concern for sustainable development.
基金supported by the Chulalongkorn University Graduate Scholarship Program for ASEAN and Non-ASEAN Countriessupport from the Faculty of Veterinary Science,Chulalongkorn University,is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Global warming,as a key driver of climate change,is accelerating water temperature rise,with significant implications for aquatic ecosystems.Temperature,a critical abiotic factor,directly affects the physiology,growth,and survival of aquatic organisms.In the context of aquaculture-one of the fastest-growing food sectors-crustaceans hold high commercial value due to their production volume and global demand.However,their sensitivity to thermal fluctuations poses major challenge under climate change.This review examines the impact of elevated temperatures on growth performance,food intake,moulting,immune response,and survival of major farmed crustaceans,including shrimp,prawns,crabs,lobsters,and crayfish.Broader ecological consequences,such as disruptions in nutrient cycling and disease outbreaks,are also explored.Additionally,we evaluate mitigation strategies,including dietary modification,technological innovations,biotechnological approaches,and aquaculture insurance models.By integrating physiological,immunological,and ecological evidence,this review identifies key knowledge gaps and highlighting opportunities to improve climate resilience in crustacean aquaculture.Understanding these challenges is essential for sustaining productivity and promoting adaptive management in a warming world.
文摘背景:肢体间不对称是人类生长发育过程中的一般现象,长期专项训练可使运动员肢体间不对称发生特异性适应。目的:回顾了体育运动中肢体间不对称的形成原因、表现形式及对运动能力的影响,并概述了相关评估方法及干预策略。方法:检索中国知网、万方、PubMed及Web of Science数据库建库至2024年9月间收录的文献,中文检索词为“不对称,对称,失衡,平衡,力量,爆发力,跳跃,跑,人体测量学,运动损伤,运动能力,运动表现”,英文检索词为“asymmetry,asymmetries,asymmetric,asymmetrical,imbalance,strength,power,force,jump,sprint,athletic performance,anthropometry,injury”。排除重复发表、内容不相关及会议文献后,最终纳入131篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:(1)肢体间不对称可受遗传、任务、训练、损伤、疲劳和肢体偏好等因素影响,主要表现为解剖结构、力量表现、专项任务不对称等形式;(2)肢体间不对称增大可导致双侧同相位对称类运动能力受损,但与双侧异相位对称类运动能力间关系尚不明确;(3)训练干预可有效改善肢体间不对称,且单侧训练效果优于双侧,训练方式和内容选择应符合专项需求;(4)为进一步厘清肢体间不对称与运动能力间的关系,建议未来研究秉承肢体间不对称的“任务特异性”理念,规范研究设计,选择敏感测试手段与指标,统一计算方式以提供更多的高质量证据,并分类制定不同专项肢体间不对称的预警阈值标准。
文摘Recent years have seen an increasing interest in Demand Response(DR),as a means to satisfy the growing flexibility needs of modern power grids.This increased flexibility is required due to the growing proportion of intermittent renewable energy generation into the energy mix,and increasing complexity in demand profiles from the electrification of transport networks.Currently,less than 2%of the global potential for demand-side flexibility is currently utilised,but a more widespread adoption of residential consumers as flexibility resources can lead to substantially higher utilisation of the demand-side flexibility potential.In order to achieve this target,acquiring a better understanding of how residential DR participants respond in DR events is essential–and recent advances in novel machine learning and statistical AI provide promising tools to address this challenge.This study provides an in-depth analysis of how residential customers have responded in incentive-based DR,utilising household-related data from a large-scale,real-world trial:the Smart Grid,Smart City(SGSC)project.Using a number of different machine learning approaches,we model the relationship between a household’s response and household-related features.Moreover,we examine the potential effects of households’features on the residential response behaviour,and highlight a number of key insights which raise questions about the reported level of consumers’engagement in DR schemes,and the motivation for different customers’response level.Finally,we explore the temporal structure of the response–and although we found no supporting evidence of DR responders learning over time for the available data from this trial,the proposed methodologies could be used for longer-term longitudinal DR studies.Our study concludes with a broader discussion of our findings and potential paths for future research in this emerging area.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology Taiwan,No.MOST 109-2314-B-182A-091,No.NSTC 112-2314-B-182A-062, No.NSTC 113-2314-B-182A-125.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic atherosclerosis(DMA)is increasing worldwide,but its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.In addition to cardiovascular complications,bladder dysfunction is one of the common comorbidities associated with DMA but is often refractory to current treatments.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effect of human amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles(hAFSC-EVs)on the recovery of bladder dysfunction in DMA rats.METHODS Eighty rats were divided into normal control,streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats,diabetic rats subjected to arterial balloon endothelial injury of common iliac artery(DMA),and DMA rats treated with hAFSC-EVs(DMA+hAFSC-EVs).At 4 weeks and 12 weeks after DMA induction,levels of blood glucose,total cholesterol,triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-insulin resistance,and HOMA-βwere measured.Cystometry,common iliac artery wall thickness,and bladder tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1,Smad3,connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and fibronectin were also evaluated.RESULTS Bladder weight and blood glucose,triglyceride,HOMA-insulin resistance,common iliac artery intima thickness,voided volume,intercontraction interval,bladder capacity,and mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-6,TGF-β1,Smad3,CTGF and fibronectin were significantly increased at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after induction,while the HOMA-βlevel decreased at 4 weeks and 12 weeks,and the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level decreased at 12 weeks.hAFSC-EVs treatment in DMA rats significantly reduced bladder weight and blood glucose,thickness of common iliac arterial intima,voided volume,intercontraction interval and bladder capacity at 4 weeks.The mRNA expression of TNF-α,TGF-β1,and CTGF in DMA rats treated with hAFSC-EVs were significantly decreased at 4 weeks,while the mRNA expressions of IL-6 and Smad3 were significantly decreased 12 weeks.CONCLUSION hAFSC-EVs treatment can help restore DMA-induced bladder dysfunction,which is associated with lowered blood glucose levels,reduced arterial wall thickness,and decreased TNF-α,IL-6,TGF-β1,Smad3,and CTGF expression.
基金This review is an output of the One Health Smallholder Pig Systems Project funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research(ACIAR),grant AH2009/001 and AH2009/019)Stephanie Burniston is supported by the University of Edinburgh,United Kingdom,and the Integrated Control of Neglected Zoonoses(ICONZ)Africa projectStuart Blacksell is funded by the Wellcome Trust of Great Britain,United Kingdom。
文摘Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR),with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems.Despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses,information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking.This review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia:brucellosis,Q fever(Coxiella burnetii),trichinellosis,hepatitis E virus,leptospirosis,Japanese encephalitis,Streptococcus suis and Taenia solium taeniasis-cysticercosis.It summarises current knowledge on these diseases grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting.A literature search was conducted across multiple databases for publications from 1990 to the present day related to the eight pig-associated zoonoses and the risk and impact connected with them,with Lao PDR as a case study.Many of these pig-associated zoonoses have similar presentations and are often diagnosed as clinical syndromes.Misdiagnosis and underreporting are,therefore,substantial and emphasise the need for more robust diagnostics and appropriate surveillance systems.While some reports exist in other countries in the region,information is significantly lacking in Lao PDR with existing information coming mainly from the capital,Vientiane.The disease burden imposed by these zoonoses is not only characterised by morbidity and mortality,but directly impacts on livelihoods through income reduction and production losses,and indirectly through treatment costs and lost work opportunities.Other factors crucial to understanding and controlling these diseases are the influence of ethnicity and culture on food-consumption practices,pig rearing and slaughter practices,hygiene and sanitation,health-seeking behaviours and,therefore,risk factors for disease transmission.Published information on the knowledge,attitudes and beliefs of people regarding pig zoonoses and their risk factors is also extremely limited in Lao PDR and the broader Southeast Asian region.The need for more transdisciplinary research,using a One Health approach,in order to understand the underlining social determinants of health and their impacts on health-seeking behaviours,disease transmission and,ultimately,disease reporting,cannot be more emphasized.
