Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and valid...Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([Sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,France.Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[Sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters.By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(i.e.the onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[Sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,respectively.Moreover,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability.Overall,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.展开更多
In the light of its negative impacts on the environment and human health, conventional agriculture is currently facing new challenges;for example, reducing pesticide reliance, improving biodiversity, adapting to clima...In the light of its negative impacts on the environment and human health, conventional agriculture is currently facing new challenges;for example, reducing pesticide reliance, improving biodiversity, adapting to climate change and reconciling winegrowers with consumers, which require changes to be made to vineyard management. A shift towards more sustainable agriculture via the development of agroecological systems may be key to meeting these environmental, economic and social challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of existing viticultural systems, as well as that of three new scenarios that we built to change conventional vine production systems and their related practices. The end aim is to adopt the principles of agroecology, and more virtuously, to ensure that vine production remains in line with societal expectations. First, thirty-eight different viticultural systems were chosen. Three realistic scenarios for changing these production systems were then built by working with stakeholders and incorporating the best practices that had been identified in the vineyard. Conventional practices were optimised in the first scenario and an agroecological approach was adopted for the other two scenarios: an Agroecological scenario (using synthetic chemicals) and an Agroecological-Bio scenario (organic system). All three scenarios were based on a combination of good practices which contribute to enhancing vineyard biodiversity, and which thus restore biological regulation and in turn reduce pesticides. The viticultural systems performances have been evaluated with a methodology involving multicriteria decision aid using ELECTRE Tri-C and ELECTRE III methods. Seven evaluation criteria were selected which covered socio-economic performance (economic profitability, workload and system complexity) and environmental performance (pesticide pressure, pesticide ecotoxicity, agroecological practices and pesticide drift). The best performances were achieved by the two agroecological scenarios, and this methodology can be adaptable to different production systems everywhere in different viticultural regions.展开更多
Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P.viticola,but the associated mechanisms are poorly described,especially at early stages of infection.Here,we performed comparative proteomic ana...Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P.viticola,but the associated mechanisms are poorly described,especially at early stages of infection.Here,we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V.davidii“LiuBa-8”(LB)and susceptible V.vinifera“Pinot Noir”(PN)12h after inoculation with P.viticola.By employing the iTRAQ technique,a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified in LB and PN,respectively.The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis,respiration,cell wall modification,protein metabolism,stress,and redox homeostasis.Compared with PN,LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism.At least a subset of PR proteins(PR10.2 and PR10.3)was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes,whereas HSP(HSP70.2 and HSP90.6)and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN,respectively.In the incompatible interaction,ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H_(2)O_(2),and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated.These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew.Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine,which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.展开更多
Viticulture,like other fields of agriculture,is currently facing important challenges that will be addressed only through sustained,dedicated and coordinated research.Although the methods used in biology have evolved ...Viticulture,like other fields of agriculture,is currently facing important challenges that will be addressed only through sustained,dedicated and coordinated research.Although the methods used in biology have evolved tremendously in recent years and now involve the routine production of large data sets of varied nature,in many domains of study,including grapevine research,there is a need to improve the findability,accessibility,interoperability and reusability(FAIR-ness)of these data.Considering the heterogeneous nature of the data produced,the transnational nature of the scientific community and the experience gained elsewhere,we have formed an open working group,in the framework of the International Grapevine Genome Program(www.vitaceae.org),to construct a coordinated federation of information systems holding grapevine data distributed around the world,providing an integrated set of interfaces supporting advanced data modeling,rich semantic integration and the next generation of data mining tools.To achieve this goal,it will be critical to develop,implement and adopt appropriate standards for data annotation and formatting.The development of this system,the GrapeIS,linking genotypes to phenotypes,and scientific research to agronomical and oeneological data,should provide new insights into grape biology,and allow the development of new varieties to meet the challenges of biotic and abiotic stress,environmental change,and consumer demand.展开更多
Plants exhibit remarkable abilities to learn,communicate,memorize,and develop stimulus-dependent decision-making circuits.Unlike animals,plant memory is uniquely rooted in cellular,molecular,and biochemical networks,l...Plants exhibit remarkable abilities to learn,communicate,memorize,and develop stimulus-dependent decision-making circuits.Unlike animals,plant memory is uniquely rooted in cellular,molecular,and biochemical networks,lacking specialized organs for these functions.Consequently,plants can effectively learn and respond to diverse challenges,becoming used to recurring signals.Artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)represent the new frontiers of biological sciences,offering the potential to predict crop behavior under environmental stresses associated with climate change.Epigenetic mechanisms,serving as the foundational blueprints of plant memory,are crucial in regulating plant adaptation to envi-ronmental stimuli.They achieve this adaptation by modulating chromatin structure and acces-sibility,which contribute to gene expression regulation and allow plants to adapt dynam-ically to changing environmental conditions.In this review,we describe novel methods and approaches in AI and ML to elucidate how plant memory occurs in response to environmental stimuli and priming mechanisms.Furthermore,we explore innovative strategies exploiting transgenerational memory for plant breeding to develop crops resilient to multiple stresses.In this context,AI and ML can aid in integrating and analyzing epigenetic data of plant stress responses to optimize the training of the pa-rental plants.展开更多
Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency,intensity,and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide.Because elevated temperature has det...Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency,intensity,and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide.Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on berry growth and composition,it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production.Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings,we investigated the effects of high temperature(HT)on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study.Among the 2,279 proteins identified,592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT.The gene ontology categories“stress,”“protein,”“secondary metabolism,”and“cell wall”were predominantly altered under HT.High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism,and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment.Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries,highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress.Furthermore,this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening.Finally,we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves.展开更多
Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem.Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars,organic acids,secondary compounds,in addition to the material needed f...Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem.Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars,organic acids,secondary compounds,in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls.The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition(fruit“quality”).The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening.The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development,anatomical structure,sugar and acid metabolism,sugar transporters,and regulatory factors.展开更多
基金This research was supported partly by National Key R&D Programof China(grant numbers 2021YFE0109500,2019YFD1000100)CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2022-06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 31860527).
文摘Climate and water availability greatly affect each season’s grape yield and quality.Using models to accurately predict environment impacts on fruit productivity and quality is a huge challenge.We calibrated and validated the functional-structural model,GrapevineXL,with a data set including grapevine seasonal midday stem water potential(�xylem),berry dry weight(DW),fresh weight(FW),and sugar concentration per volume([Sugar])for a wine grape cultivar(Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Franc)in field conditions over 13 years in Bordeaux,France.Our results showed that the model could make a fair prediction of seasonal�xylem and good-to-excellent predictions of berry DW,FW,[Sugar]and leaf gas exchange responses to predawn and midday leaf water potentials under diverse environmental conditions with 14 key parameters.By running virtual experiments to mimic climate change,an advanced veraison(i.e.the onset of ripening)of 14 and 28 days led to significant decreases of berry FW by 2.70%and 3.22%,clear increases of berry[Sugar]by 2.90%and 4.29%,and shortened ripening duration in 8 out of 13 simulated years,respectively.Moreover,the impact of the advanced veraison varied with seasonal patterns of climate and soil water availability.Overall,the results showed that the GrapevineXL model can predict plant water use and berry growth in field conditions and could serve as a valuable tool for designing sustainable vineyard management strategies to cope with climate change.
文摘In the light of its negative impacts on the environment and human health, conventional agriculture is currently facing new challenges;for example, reducing pesticide reliance, improving biodiversity, adapting to climate change and reconciling winegrowers with consumers, which require changes to be made to vineyard management. A shift towards more sustainable agriculture via the development of agroecological systems may be key to meeting these environmental, economic and social challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of existing viticultural systems, as well as that of three new scenarios that we built to change conventional vine production systems and their related practices. The end aim is to adopt the principles of agroecology, and more virtuously, to ensure that vine production remains in line with societal expectations. First, thirty-eight different viticultural systems were chosen. Three realistic scenarios for changing these production systems were then built by working with stakeholders and incorporating the best practices that had been identified in the vineyard. Conventional practices were optimised in the first scenario and an agroecological approach was adopted for the other two scenarios: an Agroecological scenario (using synthetic chemicals) and an Agroecological-Bio scenario (organic system). All three scenarios were based on a combination of good practices which contribute to enhancing vineyard biodiversity, and which thus restore biological regulation and in turn reduce pesticides. The viticultural systems performances have been evaluated with a methodology involving multicriteria decision aid using ELECTRE Tri-C and ELECTRE III methods. Seven evaluation criteria were selected which covered socio-economic performance (economic profitability, workload and system complexity) and environmental performance (pesticide pressure, pesticide ecotoxicity, agroecological practices and pesticide drift). The best performances were achieved by the two agroecological scenarios, and this methodology can be adaptable to different production systems everywhere in different viticultural regions.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000300,2019YFD1002500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601716,No.31972374)。
文摘Wild grapevines can show strong resistance to the downy mildew pathogen P.viticola,but the associated mechanisms are poorly described,especially at early stages of infection.Here,we performed comparative proteomic analyses of grapevine leaves from the resistant genotype V.davidii“LiuBa-8”(LB)and susceptible V.vinifera“Pinot Noir”(PN)12h after inoculation with P.viticola.By employing the iTRAQ technique,a total of 444 and 349 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)were identified in LB and PN,respectively.The majority of these DEPs were related to photosynthesis,respiration,cell wall modification,protein metabolism,stress,and redox homeostasis.Compared with PN,LB showed fewer downregulated proteins associated with photosynthesis and more upregulated proteins associated with metabolism.At least a subset of PR proteins(PR10.2 and PR10.3)was upregulated upon inoculation in both genotypes,whereas HSP(HSP70.2 and HSP90.6)and cell wall-related XTH and BXL1 proteins were specifically upregulated in LB and PN,respectively.In the incompatible interaction,ROS signaling was evident by the accumulation of H_(2)O_(2),and multiple APX and GST proteins were upregulated.These DEPs may play crucial roles in the grapevine response to downy mildew.Our results provide new insights into molecular events associated with downy mildew resistance in grapevine,which may be exploited to develop novel protection strategies against this disease.
基金The foundations and the first draft of this paper were set up during a workshop organized in Bordeaux,France in February 2015 with the financial support of the Gallo Wine Company,INRA and of the Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin.
文摘Viticulture,like other fields of agriculture,is currently facing important challenges that will be addressed only through sustained,dedicated and coordinated research.Although the methods used in biology have evolved tremendously in recent years and now involve the routine production of large data sets of varied nature,in many domains of study,including grapevine research,there is a need to improve the findability,accessibility,interoperability and reusability(FAIR-ness)of these data.Considering the heterogeneous nature of the data produced,the transnational nature of the scientific community and the experience gained elsewhere,we have formed an open working group,in the framework of the International Grapevine Genome Program(www.vitaceae.org),to construct a coordinated federation of information systems holding grapevine data distributed around the world,providing an integrated set of interfaces supporting advanced data modeling,rich semantic integration and the next generation of data mining tools.To achieve this goal,it will be critical to develop,implement and adopt appropriate standards for data annotation and formatting.The development of this system,the GrapeIS,linking genotypes to phenotypes,and scientific research to agronomical and oeneological data,should provide new insights into grape biology,and allow the development of new varieties to meet the challenges of biotic and abiotic stress,environmental change,and consumer demand.
基金Project No. TKP2021-EGA-20 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-EGA funding schemein receipt of a Postdoctoral grant in the frame of the TEPIMEPORY project (Plant Science Project, University of Bordeaux)a Postdoctoral grant of the PRIMA (Partnership for Research and Innovation in the Mediterranean Area) program supported by the European Union in the frame of PROSIT (Plant microbiomes in sustainable viticulture. Grant number 1565)
文摘Plants exhibit remarkable abilities to learn,communicate,memorize,and develop stimulus-dependent decision-making circuits.Unlike animals,plant memory is uniquely rooted in cellular,molecular,and biochemical networks,lacking specialized organs for these functions.Consequently,plants can effectively learn and respond to diverse challenges,becoming used to recurring signals.Artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)represent the new frontiers of biological sciences,offering the potential to predict crop behavior under environmental stresses associated with climate change.Epigenetic mechanisms,serving as the foundational blueprints of plant memory,are crucial in regulating plant adaptation to envi-ronmental stimuli.They achieve this adaptation by modulating chromatin structure and acces-sibility,which contribute to gene expression regulation and allow plants to adapt dynam-ically to changing environmental conditions.In this review,we describe novel methods and approaches in AI and ML to elucidate how plant memory occurs in response to environmental stimuli and priming mechanisms.Furthermore,we explore innovative strategies exploiting transgenerational memory for plant breeding to develop crops resilient to multiple stresses.In this context,AI and ML can aid in integrating and analyzing epigenetic data of plant stress responses to optimize the training of the pa-rental plants.
基金This research received funding from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche for the project"DURAVITIS"(ANR-2010-GENM-004-01).
文摘Climate change scenarios predict an increase in mean air temperatures and in the frequency,intensity,and length of extreme temperature events in many wine-growing regions worldwide.Because elevated temperature has detrimental effects on berry growth and composition,it threatens the economic and environmental sustainability of wine production.Using Cabernet Sauvignon fruit-bearing cuttings,we investigated the effects of high temperature(HT)on grapevine berries through a label-free shotgun proteomic analysis coupled to a complementary metabolomic study.Among the 2,279 proteins identified,592 differentially abundant proteins were found in berries exposed to HT.The gene ontology categories“stress,”“protein,”“secondary metabolism,”and“cell wall”were predominantly altered under HT.High temperatures strongly impaired carbohydrate and energy metabolism,and the effects depended on the stage of development and duration of treatment.Transcript amounts correlated poorly with protein expression levels in HT berries,highlighting the value of proteomic studies in the context of heat stress.Furthermore,this work reveals that HT alters key proteins driving berry development and ripening.Finally,we provide a list of differentially abundant proteins that can be considered as potential markers for developing or selecting grape varieties that are better adapted to warmer climates or extreme heat waves.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0116400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025032)+1 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-093)the joint laboratory Innogrape(IBCAS,INRAE,University of Bordeaux,Bordeaux Sciences Agro).
文摘Most of the carbon found in fruits at harvest is imported by the phloem.Imported carbon provide the material needed for the accumulation of sugars,organic acids,secondary compounds,in addition to the material needed for the synthesis of cell walls.The accumulation of sugars during fruit development influences not only sweetness but also various parameters controlling fruit composition(fruit“quality”).The accumulation of organic acids and sugar in grape berry flesh cells is a key process for berry development and ripening.The present review presents an update of the research on grape berry development,anatomical structure,sugar and acid metabolism,sugar transporters,and regulatory factors.
