The inefficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting is well documented and has been extensively studied.However,a crucial aspect of this process,the side reaction,has often been overlooked.In this study,we inve...The inefficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting is well documented and has been extensively studied.However,a crucial aspect of this process,the side reaction,has often been overlooked.In this study,we investigate the impact of side reactions on photocatalytic overall water splitting by monitoring factors such as dissolved oxygen,reactive oxygen species,and hydrogen peroxide.Further insights into the side reaction are obtained through the introduction of a platinum cocatalyst.Our findings reveal that dissolved oxygen significantly contributes to the side reaction by promoting the production of hydrogen peroxide.This byproduct is generated at the expense of electrons needed for the hydrogen evolution reaction,thereby reducing the overall efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting.This article aims to provide guidance on future research directions in the field of water splitting,with a particular emphasis on photocatalysis.展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their di...Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their distinct mechanisms.BPMED induces pH swings via water dissociation,while CDI concentrates CO_(2)-related ions through electric double-layer adsorption.This review provides a comparative evaluation of BPMED and CDI in terms of working principles,energy performance,system integration,and application scenarios,including direct air capture(DAC),carbon capture from industrial flue gas,and direct ocean capture(DOC).BPMED demonstrates high-capture rates and compatibility with in situ mineralization,whereas CDI offers lower energy demand and modular flexibility.Their respective strengths suggest potential complementarity-CDI may be better suited to treat liquid phase systems derived from point-source emissions,in which dissolved inorganic carbon species dominate the ionic composition and the background of competing ions is relatively controllable;BPMED may be better suited for treating environmental carbon sources with large volumes,low concentrations or high ionic strength.This framework offers potential insights for developing scalable electrochemical CO_(2) capture systems.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are excellent electrochemical energy sources,albeit with existing challenges,including high costs and safety concerns.Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are one of the potential alternatives.Howev...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are excellent electrochemical energy sources,albeit with existing challenges,including high costs and safety concerns.Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are one of the potential alternatives.However,the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg^(2+) diffusion kinetics and severe electrode polarizability.Rechargeable magnesium-ion/lithium-ion(Mg^(2+)/Li^(+))hybrid batteries(MLHBs)with Mg^(2+) and Li+as the charge carriers create a synergy between LIBs and MIBs with significantly improved charge transport kinetics and reliable safety features.However,MLHBs are yet to reach a reasonable electrochemical performance as expected.This work reports a composite electrode material with highly defective two-dimensional(2D)tin sulphide nanosheets(SnS_(x))encapsulated in three-dimensional(3D)holey graphene foams(HGF)(SnS_(x)/HGF),which exhibits a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g^(−1) at 50 mA g^(−1) and a compelling specific energy density of~330 Wh kg^(−1).The excellent electrochemical performance surpasses previously reported hybrid battery systems based on intercalation-type cathode materials under comparable conditions.The role played by the defects in the SnS_(x)/HGF composite is studied to understand the origin of the observed excellent electrochemical performance.It is found that it is closely related to the defect structure in SnS_(x),which offers percolation pathways for efficient ion transport and increased internal surface area assessable to the charge carriers.The defective sites also absorb structural stress caused by Mg^(2+) and Li+insertion.This work is an important step towards realizing high-capacity cathode materials with fast charge transport kinetics for hybrid batteries.展开更多
The rapidly increasing demand for wearable electronic devices has motivated research in low-cost and flexible printed batteries with diverse form factors and architectures.In the past,technological achieve-ments in th...The rapidly increasing demand for wearable electronic devices has motivated research in low-cost and flexible printed batteries with diverse form factors and architectures.In the past,technological achieve-ments in the field have been emphasized,overlooking the industrial and market requirements.However,different applications require different battery chemistries and formats,that greatly impacts the manu-facturing process and competition landscape.These chemistries and formats should therefore be selected carefully to maximize the chances for commercial success.As some of these technologies are starting to be marketed for portable electronics,there is a pressing need to evaluate different printing technologies and compare them in terms of the processing constraints and product requirements of specific electronic devices.By evaluating the intrinsic strengths and current limitations of printed battery technologies,development pathways can be prioritized,and potential bottlenecks can be overcome to accelerate the path to market.展开更多
Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are promising grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,efficiency,and long lifespan.However,their relatively low energy density and the high costs associated with ...Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are promising grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,efficiency,and long lifespan.However,their relatively low energy density and the high costs associated with key components(electrolytes,electrodes and membranes)remain significant challenges.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop and explore alternative materials that can enhance overall battery performance while reducing costs and mitigating environmental impacts.Biomass-derived materials have attracted increasing attention in this context because of their low cost,environmental friendliness,and excellent performance.Herein,from the viewpoint of key components in VRFBs,we provide a comprehensive review of biomass-derived materials for energy storage through advanced VRFBs.Starting with a brief introduction of VRFBs,we summarize the working principles and challenges of VRFBs.It then presents an overview of biomass-derived materials.The latest progress of biomass-derived materials for improved VRFB components,i.e.the electrolyte,electrode,and membrane,are elucidated thereafter.Furthermore,we outline the challenges and unexplored research opportunities of applying biomass derivatives for advanced VRFBs.This review aims to promote the application of biomass derivatives for sustainable and advanced energy storage.展开更多
The continuing expansion of connected and electro-mobility products and services has led to their ability to rapidly generate very large amounts of data,leading to a demand for effective data management solutions.This...The continuing expansion of connected and electro-mobility products and services has led to their ability to rapidly generate very large amounts of data,leading to a demand for effective data management solutions.This is further catalysed through the need for society to make informed policies and decisions that can properly support their emerging growth.While data systems and platforms exist,they are often proprietary,being only compatible to the products that they are designed for.Given the products and services generate energy and spatial-temporal data that can often correlate,a lack of interoperability between these systems would impede decision making,as data from each system must be considered independently.By studying currently available data platforms and frameworks,this paper weighs the problems that these products address,and identifies necessary gaps for a more cohesive platform to exist.This is performed through a top-down approach,whereby broader vehicle-toeverything approaches are first studied,before moving to the components that could comprise a data platform to integrate and ingest these various data feeds.Finally,potential design considerations for a data platform is presented,along with examples of application bene.展开更多
Wearable fiber-based lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)made with textile-like functional electrode materials are key to realizing smart energy options for powering wearable electronics.However,the process of attenuating the ...Wearable fiber-based lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)made with textile-like functional electrode materials are key to realizing smart energy options for powering wearable electronics.However,the process of attenuating the existing functional materials commonly used in planar and solid-state batteries to functional fiber or yarn electrodes tends to deteriorate the material performance when assembled into textile-based electrodes.In this work,we focus on understanding and enabling layered Ni-rich cathode material into a wearable cathode yarn.Layered Ni-rich cathode materials typically contain a higher proportion of Ni compared to other metals like Co and Mn,with a Li[Ni_(1−x)M_(x)]O_(2)(M=transition metal element,such as Mn,Al,Co,and so on)typical structure.They are increasingly gaining popularity in the research and development of LiBs as they offer several advantages,including higher energy density,improved cycle life,and reduced cost compared to many commercial cathode materials.Our fabricated flexible Ni-rich cathode yarn with an overall diameter of~360μm and a coating thickness of~80μm exhibited textile properties with promising mechanical strength and the ability to conform to any shape.When tested in a half-cell arrangement with Li metal as the counter electrode,the Ni-rich cathode yarn electrode showed stable cyclic performance with a discharge areal capacity of~3 mAh/cm^(2) and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5%at a 0.2 mA/cm^(2) current density.Overall,the results show that Ni-rich cathode materials,despite their layered structure,are integrateable into usable wearable textile LiBs.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Selective ion transport in nanoporous membranes has become a research hot spot in the fields of both nanofluidics and membrane separation because of its wide potential applications,such as ion separation,en...CONSPECTUS:Selective ion transport in nanoporous membranes has become a research hot spot in the fields of both nanofluidics and membrane separation because of its wide potential applications,such as ion separation,energy harvesting and conversion,and ion sensing.Developing nanofluidic devices or membranes with nanoconfined to subnanoconfined space is the core part of nanofluidic studies because the materials used to construct nanofluidic devices determine the exploration potential of the ion-transport performance.展开更多
The magnesium/lithium hybrid batteries(MLHBs)featuring dendrite-less deposition with Mg anode and Li-storage cathode are a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage.However,their limited...The magnesium/lithium hybrid batteries(MLHBs)featuring dendrite-less deposition with Mg anode and Li-storage cathode are a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage.However,their limited energy density limits their practical implementation.To improve this,beyond the commonly proposed intercalation compounds,high-capacity conversion-type cathodes based on heterostructures of tin sulphide-molybdenum disulphide(SnS_(2)-MoS_(2))are proposed in this work.Individual SnS_(2) is already a promising high-capacity electrode material for multivalent batteries and undergoes conversion reactions during the ion storage process.The introduction of S-deficient MoS_(2) enhances the reversibility of SnS_(2) in the conversion reaction via strong polysulfide anchoring and catalytic effect.Our results show that the SnS_(2)-MoS_(2) electrode achieves a high charge capacity of~600 mAhg^(-1) at 50mAg^(-1) and an excellent rate capability of 240mAhg^(-1) at 1000mAhg^(-1) with a negligible capacity fading rate of 0.063%per cycle across 1000 cycles.The results highlight a new direction toward designing 2D heterostructures as high-capacity cathodes beyond intercalation-type cathodes for multivalent-ion batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3803600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22202187,22361142704,22238009,U24A2071,and 52272290)+4 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX2021275)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2022CFA001)the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M712957)the Postdoctoral Funding Program of Hubei Province.Chuanbiao Bie and Bicheng Zhu would like to thank the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for its financial supportsupport from Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Award(No.DE220100429).
文摘The inefficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting is well documented and has been extensively studied.However,a crucial aspect of this process,the side reaction,has often been overlooked.In this study,we investigate the impact of side reactions on photocatalytic overall water splitting by monitoring factors such as dissolved oxygen,reactive oxygen species,and hydrogen peroxide.Further insights into the side reaction are obtained through the introduction of a platinum cocatalyst.Our findings reveal that dissolved oxygen significantly contributes to the side reaction by promoting the production of hydrogen peroxide.This byproduct is generated at the expense of electrons needed for the hydrogen evolution reaction,thereby reducing the overall efficiency of photocatalytic water splitting.This article aims to provide guidance on future research directions in the field of water splitting,with a particular emphasis on photocatalysis.
基金financially supported by Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(23JCZDJC00570)Special Funding of China Post-doctoral Science Foundation(2023T160268)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M741362)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2904000).
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2) capture offers a tunable,low-temperature alternative to thermal methods.Among available strategies,bipolar membrane electrodialysis(BPMED)and capacitive deionization(CDI)are notable for their distinct mechanisms.BPMED induces pH swings via water dissociation,while CDI concentrates CO_(2)-related ions through electric double-layer adsorption.This review provides a comparative evaluation of BPMED and CDI in terms of working principles,energy performance,system integration,and application scenarios,including direct air capture(DAC),carbon capture from industrial flue gas,and direct ocean capture(DOC).BPMED demonstrates high-capture rates and compatibility with in situ mineralization,whereas CDI offers lower energy demand and modular flexibility.Their respective strengths suggest potential complementarity-CDI may be better suited to treat liquid phase systems derived from point-source emissions,in which dissolved inorganic carbon species dominate the ionic composition and the background of competing ions is relatively controllable;BPMED may be better suited for treating environmental carbon sources with large volumes,low concentrations or high ionic strength.This framework offers potential insights for developing scalable electrochemical CO_(2) capture systems.
基金supported by The Australian Research Council (Project ARC FL170100101)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2021-128)Supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (20210302124356).
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are excellent electrochemical energy sources,albeit with existing challenges,including high costs and safety concerns.Magnesium-ion batteries(MIBs)are one of the potential alternatives.However,the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg^(2+) diffusion kinetics and severe electrode polarizability.Rechargeable magnesium-ion/lithium-ion(Mg^(2+)/Li^(+))hybrid batteries(MLHBs)with Mg^(2+) and Li+as the charge carriers create a synergy between LIBs and MIBs with significantly improved charge transport kinetics and reliable safety features.However,MLHBs are yet to reach a reasonable electrochemical performance as expected.This work reports a composite electrode material with highly defective two-dimensional(2D)tin sulphide nanosheets(SnS_(x))encapsulated in three-dimensional(3D)holey graphene foams(HGF)(SnS_(x)/HGF),which exhibits a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g^(−1) at 50 mA g^(−1) and a compelling specific energy density of~330 Wh kg^(−1).The excellent electrochemical performance surpasses previously reported hybrid battery systems based on intercalation-type cathode materials under comparable conditions.The role played by the defects in the SnS_(x)/HGF composite is studied to understand the origin of the observed excellent electrochemical performance.It is found that it is closely related to the defect structure in SnS_(x),which offers percolation pathways for efficient ion transport and increased internal surface area assessable to the charge carriers.The defective sites also absorb structural stress caused by Mg^(2+) and Li+insertion.This work is an important step towards realizing high-capacity cathode materials with fast charge transport kinetics for hybrid batteries.
基金Financial support from the Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) grantAustralian Research Council through its Linkage and Laureate Fellowship programs+3 种基金financial support from Advance Queensland Industry Research Fellowships (AQIRF) organized by the Queensland government, Australiafinancial support from the Research Training Program scholarship provided by the Australian government and the Research Higher Degree Top-up scholarship provided by the CRC-Pthe Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovationthe University of Queensland
文摘The rapidly increasing demand for wearable electronic devices has motivated research in low-cost and flexible printed batteries with diverse form factors and architectures.In the past,technological achieve-ments in the field have been emphasized,overlooking the industrial and market requirements.However,different applications require different battery chemistries and formats,that greatly impacts the manu-facturing process and competition landscape.These chemistries and formats should therefore be selected carefully to maximize the chances for commercial success.As some of these technologies are starting to be marketed for portable electronics,there is a pressing need to evaluate different printing technologies and compare them in terms of the processing constraints and product requirements of specific electronic devices.By evaluating the intrinsic strengths and current limitations of printed battery technologies,development pathways can be prioritized,and potential bottlenecks can be overcome to accelerate the path to market.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council via the ARC Research Hub for Value-Added Processing of Underutilised Carbon Waste under Grant IH230100011Yuhui Ge thanks the China Scholarship Council(CSC)for scholarship support.Xiangkang Zeng gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award(DE220100429).
文摘Vanadium redox flow batteries(VRFBs)are promising grid-scale energy storage systems due to their high safety,efficiency,and long lifespan.However,their relatively low energy density and the high costs associated with key components(electrolytes,electrodes and membranes)remain significant challenges.Therefore,there is an urgent need to develop and explore alternative materials that can enhance overall battery performance while reducing costs and mitigating environmental impacts.Biomass-derived materials have attracted increasing attention in this context because of their low cost,environmental friendliness,and excellent performance.Herein,from the viewpoint of key components in VRFBs,we provide a comprehensive review of biomass-derived materials for energy storage through advanced VRFBs.Starting with a brief introduction of VRFBs,we summarize the working principles and challenges of VRFBs.It then presents an overview of biomass-derived materials.The latest progress of biomass-derived materials for improved VRFB components,i.e.the electrolyte,electrode,and membrane,are elucidated thereafter.Furthermore,we outline the challenges and unexplored research opportunities of applying biomass derivatives for advanced VRFBs.This review aims to promote the application of biomass derivatives for sustainable and advanced energy storage.
文摘The continuing expansion of connected and electro-mobility products and services has led to their ability to rapidly generate very large amounts of data,leading to a demand for effective data management solutions.This is further catalysed through the need for society to make informed policies and decisions that can properly support their emerging growth.While data systems and platforms exist,they are often proprietary,being only compatible to the products that they are designed for.Given the products and services generate energy and spatial-temporal data that can often correlate,a lack of interoperability between these systems would impede decision making,as data from each system must be considered independently.By studying currently available data platforms and frameworks,this paper weighs the problems that these products address,and identifies necessary gaps for a more cohesive platform to exist.This is performed through a top-down approach,whereby broader vehicle-toeverything approaches are first studied,before moving to the components that could comprise a data platform to integrate and ingest these various data feeds.Finally,potential design considerations for a data platform is presented,along with examples of application bene.
基金support from an ARC Discovery Project(DP180102003)are highly appreciated.
文摘Wearable fiber-based lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)made with textile-like functional electrode materials are key to realizing smart energy options for powering wearable electronics.However,the process of attenuating the existing functional materials commonly used in planar and solid-state batteries to functional fiber or yarn electrodes tends to deteriorate the material performance when assembled into textile-based electrodes.In this work,we focus on understanding and enabling layered Ni-rich cathode material into a wearable cathode yarn.Layered Ni-rich cathode materials typically contain a higher proportion of Ni compared to other metals like Co and Mn,with a Li[Ni_(1−x)M_(x)]O_(2)(M=transition metal element,such as Mn,Al,Co,and so on)typical structure.They are increasingly gaining popularity in the research and development of LiBs as they offer several advantages,including higher energy density,improved cycle life,and reduced cost compared to many commercial cathode materials.Our fabricated flexible Ni-rich cathode yarn with an overall diameter of~360μm and a coating thickness of~80μm exhibited textile properties with promising mechanical strength and the ability to conform to any shape.When tested in a half-cell arrangement with Li metal as the counter electrode,the Ni-rich cathode yarn electrode showed stable cyclic performance with a discharge areal capacity of~3 mAh/cm^(2) and an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5%at a 0.2 mA/cm^(2) current density.Overall,the results show that Ni-rich cathode materials,despite their layered structure,are integrateable into usable wearable textile LiBs.
基金Australian Research Council Australian Laureate Fellowship funded by the Australian Government(FL200100049).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Selective ion transport in nanoporous membranes has become a research hot spot in the fields of both nanofluidics and membrane separation because of its wide potential applications,such as ion separation,energy harvesting and conversion,and ion sensing.Developing nanofluidic devices or membranes with nanoconfined to subnanoconfined space is the core part of nanofluidic studies because the materials used to construct nanofluidic devices determine the exploration potential of the ion-transport performance.
基金XF thanks the University of Queensland(UQ)for offering IPRS and UQ Centennial scholarships and the PhD research startup foundation of North University of China.The authors gratefully acknowledge the facilities and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy and Microanalysis Research Facility at the UQ Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis.This work was supported by the Australian Research Council(Project ARC FL170100101)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2021-128)supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124356).
文摘The magnesium/lithium hybrid batteries(MLHBs)featuring dendrite-less deposition with Mg anode and Li-storage cathode are a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage.However,their limited energy density limits their practical implementation.To improve this,beyond the commonly proposed intercalation compounds,high-capacity conversion-type cathodes based on heterostructures of tin sulphide-molybdenum disulphide(SnS_(2)-MoS_(2))are proposed in this work.Individual SnS_(2) is already a promising high-capacity electrode material for multivalent batteries and undergoes conversion reactions during the ion storage process.The introduction of S-deficient MoS_(2) enhances the reversibility of SnS_(2) in the conversion reaction via strong polysulfide anchoring and catalytic effect.Our results show that the SnS_(2)-MoS_(2) electrode achieves a high charge capacity of~600 mAhg^(-1) at 50mAg^(-1) and an excellent rate capability of 240mAhg^(-1) at 1000mAhg^(-1) with a negligible capacity fading rate of 0.063%per cycle across 1000 cycles.The results highlight a new direction toward designing 2D heterostructures as high-capacity cathodes beyond intercalation-type cathodes for multivalent-ion batteries.
基金funding from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS,XDB0450401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278387 and 22321001)+4 种基金CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-070)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1203601)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085QB60)Anhui Provincial Innovation Project Funding Program for Overseas Students(2022LCX006)USTC Research Funds of the Double First Class Initiative(YD2060002022).
文摘传统二维纳米片膜在分子和离子分离领域具有巨大潜力,然而在实际污水处理中不可避免地会出现溶胀和易氧化的问题.本研究利用一种新型二维纳米片AgCrSe_(2),采用聚多巴胺(PDA)原位交联策略,成功构筑了高稳定性二维AgCrSe_(2)-PDA膜.该膜能够耐受酸性、碱性介质以及氧化性溶液(0.3 wt%过氧化氢),展现出优异的抗溶胀和抗氧化稳定性.此外,该膜对带负电的染料和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)络合的重金属离子的截留率接近100%,通量约为5.0 L m^(−2) h^(−1) bar^(−1).值得注意的是,经过140小时的错流过滤,尽管膜通量略有下降,但该膜对CuEDTA的截留率仍保持在90%左右.这种高稳定性的膜结构源自于PDA与AgCrSe_(2)纳米片之间的配位相互作用.本研究为开发高稳定性的二维膜提供了有效的策略,为工业污水净化提供了新型膜材料.
