Viscoelastic dampers,as spplementary energy dissipation devices,have been used in building structures un- der seismic excitation or wind loads.Different analytical models have been proposed to describe their dynamic f...Viscoelastic dampers,as spplementary energy dissipation devices,have been used in building structures un- der seismic excitation or wind loads.Different analytical models have been proposed to describe their dynamic force deform- ation characteristics.Among these analytieal models,the fractional derivative models have attracted more attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed from tests very well.In this paper,a Fourier-transform-based technique is presented to obtain the fractional unit impulse function and the response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers whose foree-detormation relationship is described by a fractional derivative mod- el.Then,a Duhamel integral-type expression is suggested for the response analysis of a fractional damped dynamie system subjected to deterministic or random excitation.Through numerical verification,it is shown that viscoelastic dampers are ef- fective in reducing structural responses over a wide frequency range,and the proposed schmnes can be used to accurately predict the stochastic seismic response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers described by a Kelvin model wills frac- tional derivative.展开更多
Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation ...Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.展开更多
Positive activation and negative activation of glucose metabolism can be detected in different brain regions under acupuncture conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） which reveals acupoint fun...Positive activation and negative activation of glucose metabolism can be detected in different brain regions under acupuncture conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） which reveals acupoint function and location-acupoint specificity. This study observed the regional cerebral activation of the Waiguan （SJ 5） acupoint following true needling at the true Waiguan acupoint, sham needling at the true Waiguan acupoint and true needling at a sham point using fMRI. The fMRI results demonstrated that compared with sham needling, true needling at Waiguan activated the BA8 area and left cerebellum. Compared with needling at the sham point, needling at Waiguan activated the BA2 area, the left cerebellum and the right inferior semilunar lobule. Thus the activated brain areas caused by needling Waiguan may be the basis for treatment of certain diseases.展开更多
The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. To ge...The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. To get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the actual solution, we use heuristics and metaheuristics which are of the combinatorial optimization type. A literature review of VRPTW, TDVRP, and a metaheuristic such as the genetic algorithm was conducted. In this paper, the implementation of the VRPTW and its extension, the time-dependent VRPTW (TDVRPTW) has been carried out using the model as well as metaheuristics such as the genetic algorithm (GA). The algorithms were implemented, using Matlab and HeuristicLab optimization software. A plugin was developed using Visual C# and DOT NET framework 4.5. Results were tested using Solomon’s 56 benchmark instances classified into groups such as C1, C2, R1, R2, RC1, RC2, with 100 customer nodes, 25 vehicles and each vehicle capacity of 200. The results were comparable to the earlier algorithms developed and in some cases the current algorithm yielded better results in terms of total distance travelled and the average number of vehicles used.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the component law of Chinese medicines in fuming-washing therapy for knee osteoarthritis(KOA), and develop new fuming-washing prescriptions for KOA through unsupervised data mining methods.METHOD...OBJECTIVE: To analyze the component law of Chinese medicines in fuming-washing therapy for knee osteoarthritis(KOA), and develop new fuming-washing prescriptions for KOA through unsupervised data mining methods.METHODS: Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy for KOA were collected and recorded in a database. The correlation coefficient among herbs, core combinations of herbs, andnew prescriptions were analyzed using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively.RESULTS: Based on analysis of 345 Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy, 68 herbs occurred frequently, 33 herb pairs occurred frequently, and 12 core combinations were found.Five new fuming-washing recipes for KOA were developed.CONCLUSION: Chinese medicines for fuming-washing therapy of KOA mainly consist of wind-dampness-dispelling and cold-dispersing herbs, blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs,and wind-dampness-dispelling and heat-clearing herbs. The treatment of fuming-washing therapy for KOA also includes dispelling wind-dampness and dispersing cold, activating blood and resolving stasis, and dispelling wind-dampness and clearing heat. Zhenzhutougucao(Herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae), Honghua(Flos Carthami), Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), Shenjincao(Herba Lycopodii Japonici), Weilingxian(Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis Chinensis), Chuanwu(Radix Aconiti), Haitongpi(Cortex Erythrinae Variegatae), Ruxiang(Olibanum),Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Caowu(Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii), Moyao(Myrrha), and Aiye(Folium Artemisiae Argyi) are the main herbs used in the fuming-washing treatment for KOA.展开更多
Dedicated to the independence and prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people,the Communist Party of China has continuously enriched and developed the human rights system with Chinese characteristics dur...Dedicated to the independence and prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people,the Communist Party of China has continuously enriched and developed the human rights system with Chinese characteristics during a century of arduous efforts.The right to subsistence,as the primary basic human right,is expressed from dual dimensions:the international dimension and the domestic dimension.However,the current Chinese human rights discourse hasn’t paid enough attention to the international dimension of the right to subsistence,and its content at the domestic dimension needs further clarification.This not only makes it difficult to provide a sound theoretical basis and development direction for the practices of the right to subsistence but also directly affects the integrity of the human rights system with Chinese characteristics,which is not conducive to using our human rights discourse to disseminate China’s achievements and gain international recognition.Therefore,it is vital to further improve the theory construction of the dual dimensions of the right to subsistence in the human rights system with Chinese characteristics.With the country as the main form and carrier,the international dimension of the right to subsistence originates from the people’s demands emerging from the domestic level and ending at the international level.It aims to be able to stand in the international community with dignity and possess good conditions and environments at home and abroad for the people to exercise and protect their rights.The domestic dimension of the right to subsistence centers on each individual,takes development as the measurement of human rights,and looks at the initial stage of the development axis.The progress from the domestic dimension of the right to subsistence to the right to development is achieved by satisfying the underlying needs for people’s subsistence.This also reflects the progressive deepening of emerging from the inside,responding from the outside,and then moving from the outside to the inside.展开更多
Quadriceps muscle weakness and dysfunction are common consequences of knee joint injury or effusion.[1-7] Deficits in quadriceps muscle function have been reported following various knee joint pathologies including
This paper presents an experimental investigation on semi-active seismic response control of a multi- story building with a podium structure using multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers manipulated by a logic contro...This paper presents an experimental investigation on semi-active seismic response control of a multi- story building with a podium structure using multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers manipulated by a logic control algorithm.The experiments are performed in three phases on a seismic simulator with a slender 12-story building model representing a multi-story building and a relatively stiff 3-story building model typifying a podium structure.The first phase of the investigation is to assess control performance of using three MR dampers to link the 3-story building to the 12-story building,in which seismic responses of the controlled two buildings are compared with those of the two buildings without any connection and with rigid connection.The second phase is to investigate reliability of the semi-active control system and robustness of the logic control algorithm when 2 out of 3 MR dampers fail and when the electricity supply to MR dampers is completely stopped.The last phase is to examine sensitivity of semi-active control performance of two buildings to change in ground excitation.The experimental results show that multiple MR dampers with the logic control algorithm can achieve a significant reduction in seismic responses of both buildings.The proposed semi-active control system is of high reliability and good robustness.展开更多
The rebound effects of technological advancement on energy consumption make it very complicated to measure the impact of technological advancement on energy efficiency.This article,taking 35 industries as samples,util...The rebound effects of technological advancement on energy consumption make it very complicated to measure the impact of technological advancement on energy efficiency.This article,taking 35 industries as samples,utilizes the non-parameter DEA-Malmquist productivity approach to subcategorise technological advancement into three parts:science-technological(sci-tech)progress,pure technical efficiency and efficiency of scale.The panel technique is then used to work out each subcategory’s contribution to energy efficiency individually.Findings show that technological efficiency (calculated by multiplying the results of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency)is the principal factor in the improvement of energy efficiency while the contribution from sci-tech progress is comparatively less.Overtime,however,the effect of sci-tech progress is gradually heightened while the effect of technical efficiency slowly diminishes.展开更多
Chinese Confucius said 2000 years ago, ＂At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities.
Objectives of this task are to conduct research on seismic hazards,and to provide relevant input on the expected levels of these hazards to other tasks.Other tasks requiring this input include those dealing with inven...Objectives of this task are to conduct research on seismic hazards,and to provide relevant input on the expected levels of these hazards to other tasks.Other tasks requiring this input include those dealing with inventory,fragility curves, rehabilitation strategies and demonstration projects.The corresponding input is provided in various formats depending on the intended use:as peak ground motion parameters and/or response spectral values for a given magnitude,epicentral distance and site conditions;or as time histories for scenario earthquakes that are selected based on the disaggregated seismic hazard mapped by the U.S.Geological Survey and are incorporated in building codes.The user community for this research is both academic researchers and practicing engineers who may use the seismic input generated by the synthesis techniques that are developed under this task for a variety of applications.These include ground motions for scenario earthquakes,for developing fragility curves and in specifying ground motion input for critical facilities (such as hospitals) located in the eastern U.S.展开更多
There are many important changes in the China-Japan economic rela- tion since 2000.Generally speaking, the economic relation between China and Japan is becoming closer and more inter- dependent than ever.China trade t...There are many important changes in the China-Japan economic rela- tion since 2000.Generally speaking, the economic relation between China and Japan is becoming closer and more inter- dependent than ever.China trade to Japan has increased at the rate of 16.2%,31.1% and 25.7% in the year of 2002,2003 and 2004.In 2006,the sum of the bilateral trade between China and Japan reached US$210 billion with the increasing rate of 11.5%. The amount of China trade to China has overrun that of U.S.to Japan,which makes China to be the No.1 trade partner of Japan for the first time since the end of WWⅡ. On the other hand,the economic interde- pendence between China and Japan has the subtle but important change.展开更多
The small commodities market in China has a long history,which prospers domestic economy and enriches people's lives.However,at the beginning years after the foundation of the PRC,the small commodities market was ...The small commodities market in China has a long history,which prospers domestic economy and enriches people's lives.However,at the beginning years after the foundation of the PRC,the small commodities market was cancelled展开更多
As part of its endeavor to build closer politico-strategic ties and economic integration with countries across continents, in 2013 .China put forward an ambitious plan to revive the ancient Silk Road. China termed thi...As part of its endeavor to build closer politico-strategic ties and economic integration with countries across continents, in 2013 .China put forward an ambitious plan to revive the ancient Silk Road. China termed this brainchild of Chinese President Xi Jinping the ＂Belt and Road Initiative＂ （BRI）, which consists of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. Geopolitically, the South Asian region can be seen as comprising important links between the parts of the project, a fact reflected in Beijing＇s primary commitment to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） linking Xinjiang＇s Kashgar with Pakistan＇s deep-water port of Gwadar, and its renewed interest in the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar （BCIM） Economic Corridor.1展开更多
Public opinion is closely connected with the formulation and implementation of a country’s foreign policy. Among Western academic circles, realism and liberalism are two major
文摘Viscoelastic dampers,as spplementary energy dissipation devices,have been used in building structures un- der seismic excitation or wind loads.Different analytical models have been proposed to describe their dynamic force deform- ation characteristics.Among these analytieal models,the fractional derivative models have attracted more attention as they can capture the frequency dependence of the material stiffness and damping properties observed from tests very well.In this paper,a Fourier-transform-based technique is presented to obtain the fractional unit impulse function and the response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers whose foree-detormation relationship is described by a fractional derivative mod- el.Then,a Duhamel integral-type expression is suggested for the response analysis of a fractional damped dynamie system subjected to deterministic or random excitation.Through numerical verification,it is shown that viscoelastic dampers are ef- fective in reducing structural responses over a wide frequency range,and the proposed schmnes can be used to accurately predict the stochastic seismic response of structures with added viscoelastic dampers described by a Kelvin model wills frac- tional derivative.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia which provided postgraduate scholarships(2819/E4/DT.04.02/2022).
文摘Bulukumba Regency is one of the major rice-producing areas in South Sulawesi,Indonesia and has experienced frequent climate disasters over the past decade.Several downstream villages within the Bettu River irrigation area have been affected by the drought,culminating in reduced lowland rice production and increasing the vulnerability of farmers’livelihoods.This study aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the livelihood system among rice farmers in the Bettu River irrigation area by classifying the area into two zones based on the distance from the main irrigation canal,namely the upstream area and downstream area.The livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)framework and livelihood vulnerability index-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(LVI-IPCC)approach were applied by selecting geographic and socio-demographic indicators that affected the farmer households,including 8 major components and 26 sup-components.The data for LVI-IPCC estimation were collected by randomly selecting 132 households from villages in the two areas.The empirical results showed that farmers in the downstream area were more vulnerable to climate change than farmers in the upstream area.The major components causing the livelihood vulnerability of the downstream farmers were livelihood strategy,food,water,land,and health,as well as natural disasters and climate variability.In particular,the sub-components of agricultural livelihood diversification,consistent water supply for farming,and drought events were important in the downstream area.Farmers in the upstream area were vulnerable to socio-demographic profile and social network components.The LVI-IPCC findings suggested that the government should prioritize farmers in the downstream area to develop resilience strategies,particularly by increasing irrigation infrastructure and the number of reservoirs and drilling holes.Furthermore,to increase their adaptive capacity in terms of diversification of agricultural livelihood systems,the government and donor agencies need to provide trainings on the development of home food industries for poor farmers and vulnerable households that were affected by disasters.
基金the National 973 Program of China,No.2006CB504505the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.90709027
文摘Positive activation and negative activation of glucose metabolism can be detected in different brain regions under acupuncture conditions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） which reveals acupoint function and location-acupoint specificity. This study observed the regional cerebral activation of the Waiguan （SJ 5） acupoint following true needling at the true Waiguan acupoint, sham needling at the true Waiguan acupoint and true needling at a sham point using fMRI. The fMRI results demonstrated that compared with sham needling, true needling at Waiguan activated the BA8 area and left cerebellum. Compared with needling at the sham point, needling at Waiguan activated the BA2 area, the left cerebellum and the right inferior semilunar lobule. Thus the activated brain areas caused by needling Waiguan may be the basis for treatment of certain diseases.
文摘The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. To get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the actual solution, we use heuristics and metaheuristics which are of the combinatorial optimization type. A literature review of VRPTW, TDVRP, and a metaheuristic such as the genetic algorithm was conducted. In this paper, the implementation of the VRPTW and its extension, the time-dependent VRPTW (TDVRPTW) has been carried out using the model as well as metaheuristics such as the genetic algorithm (GA). The algorithms were implemented, using Matlab and HeuristicLab optimization software. A plugin was developed using Visual C# and DOT NET framework 4.5. Results were tested using Solomon’s 56 benchmark instances classified into groups such as C1, C2, R1, R2, RC1, RC2, with 100 customer nodes, 25 vehicles and each vehicle capacity of 200. The results were comparable to the earlier algorithms developed and in some cases the current algorithm yielded better results in terms of total distance travelled and the average number of vehicles used.
基金Supported by Grant from the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province in China(No.20131161)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20124425110004)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To analyze the component law of Chinese medicines in fuming-washing therapy for knee osteoarthritis(KOA), and develop new fuming-washing prescriptions for KOA through unsupervised data mining methods.METHODS: Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy for KOA were collected and recorded in a database. The correlation coefficient among herbs, core combinations of herbs, andnew prescriptions were analyzed using modified mutual information, complex system entropy cluster, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering, respectively.RESULTS: Based on analysis of 345 Chinese medicine recipes for fuming-washing therapy, 68 herbs occurred frequently, 33 herb pairs occurred frequently, and 12 core combinations were found.Five new fuming-washing recipes for KOA were developed.CONCLUSION: Chinese medicines for fuming-washing therapy of KOA mainly consist of wind-dampness-dispelling and cold-dispersing herbs, blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs,and wind-dampness-dispelling and heat-clearing herbs. The treatment of fuming-washing therapy for KOA also includes dispelling wind-dampness and dispersing cold, activating blood and resolving stasis, and dispelling wind-dampness and clearing heat. Zhenzhutougucao(Herba Speranskiae Tuberculatae), Honghua(Flos Carthami), Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae), Shenjincao(Herba Lycopodii Japonici), Weilingxian(Radix et Rhizoma Clematidis Chinensis), Chuanwu(Radix Aconiti), Haitongpi(Cortex Erythrinae Variegatae), Ruxiang(Olibanum),Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Caowu(Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii), Moyao(Myrrha), and Aiye(Folium Artemisiae Argyi) are the main herbs used in the fuming-washing treatment for KOA.
基金a phased achievement of the Research on the Mechanism to Enhance China’s Right of Speech on the International Law Guided by the National Image(19AFX024)part of the National Social Science Fund of China
文摘Dedicated to the independence and prosperity of the country and the happiness of the people,the Communist Party of China has continuously enriched and developed the human rights system with Chinese characteristics during a century of arduous efforts.The right to subsistence,as the primary basic human right,is expressed from dual dimensions:the international dimension and the domestic dimension.However,the current Chinese human rights discourse hasn’t paid enough attention to the international dimension of the right to subsistence,and its content at the domestic dimension needs further clarification.This not only makes it difficult to provide a sound theoretical basis and development direction for the practices of the right to subsistence but also directly affects the integrity of the human rights system with Chinese characteristics,which is not conducive to using our human rights discourse to disseminate China’s achievements and gain international recognition.Therefore,it is vital to further improve the theory construction of the dual dimensions of the right to subsistence in the human rights system with Chinese characteristics.With the country as the main form and carrier,the international dimension of the right to subsistence originates from the people’s demands emerging from the domestic level and ending at the international level.It aims to be able to stand in the international community with dignity and possess good conditions and environments at home and abroad for the people to exercise and protect their rights.The domestic dimension of the right to subsistence centers on each individual,takes development as the measurement of human rights,and looks at the initial stage of the development axis.The progress from the domestic dimension of the right to subsistence to the right to development is achieved by satisfying the underlying needs for people’s subsistence.This also reflects the progressive deepening of emerging from the inside,responding from the outside,and then moving from the outside to the inside.
文摘Quadriceps muscle weakness and dysfunction are common consequences of knee joint injury or effusion.[1-7] Deficits in quadriceps muscle function have been reported following various knee joint pathologies including
基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University under Area of Strategic Development Programme in Structural Control and Intelligent BuildingNational Natural Science Foundation of China Under Grant NNSF-50038010
文摘This paper presents an experimental investigation on semi-active seismic response control of a multi- story building with a podium structure using multiple magnetorheological (MR) dampers manipulated by a logic control algorithm.The experiments are performed in three phases on a seismic simulator with a slender 12-story building model representing a multi-story building and a relatively stiff 3-story building model typifying a podium structure.The first phase of the investigation is to assess control performance of using three MR dampers to link the 3-story building to the 12-story building,in which seismic responses of the controlled two buildings are compared with those of the two buildings without any connection and with rigid connection.The second phase is to investigate reliability of the semi-active control system and robustness of the logic control algorithm when 2 out of 3 MR dampers fail and when the electricity supply to MR dampers is completely stopped.The last phase is to examine sensitivity of semi-active control performance of two buildings to change in ground excitation.The experimental results show that multiple MR dampers with the logic control algorithm can achieve a significant reduction in seismic responses of both buildings.The proposed semi-active control system is of high reliability and good robustness.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation as part of the"Research on the Development Route of China's Manufacturing Industry Based on Resource Constraints and Innovation"(70573045).
文摘The rebound effects of technological advancement on energy consumption make it very complicated to measure the impact of technological advancement on energy efficiency.This article,taking 35 industries as samples,utilizes the non-parameter DEA-Malmquist productivity approach to subcategorise technological advancement into three parts:science-technological(sci-tech)progress,pure technical efficiency and efficiency of scale.The panel technique is then used to work out each subcategory’s contribution to energy efficiency individually.Findings show that technological efficiency (calculated by multiplying the results of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency)is the principal factor in the improvement of energy efficiency while the contribution from sci-tech progress is comparatively less.Overtime,however,the effect of sci-tech progress is gradually heightened while the effect of technical efficiency slowly diminishes.
文摘Chinese Confucius said 2000 years ago, ＂At fifteen, I set my heart upon learning. At thirty, I had planted my feet firm upon the ground. At forty, I no longer suffered from perplexities.
基金the Earthquake Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation under Award Number EEC-9701471 to the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research.
文摘Objectives of this task are to conduct research on seismic hazards,and to provide relevant input on the expected levels of these hazards to other tasks.Other tasks requiring this input include those dealing with inventory,fragility curves, rehabilitation strategies and demonstration projects.The corresponding input is provided in various formats depending on the intended use:as peak ground motion parameters and/or response spectral values for a given magnitude,epicentral distance and site conditions;or as time histories for scenario earthquakes that are selected based on the disaggregated seismic hazard mapped by the U.S.Geological Survey and are incorporated in building codes.The user community for this research is both academic researchers and practicing engineers who may use the seismic input generated by the synthesis techniques that are developed under this task for a variety of applications.These include ground motions for scenario earthquakes,for developing fragility curves and in specifying ground motion input for critical facilities (such as hospitals) located in the eastern U.S.
文摘There are many important changes in the China-Japan economic rela- tion since 2000.Generally speaking, the economic relation between China and Japan is becoming closer and more inter- dependent than ever.China trade to Japan has increased at the rate of 16.2%,31.1% and 25.7% in the year of 2002,2003 and 2004.In 2006,the sum of the bilateral trade between China and Japan reached US$210 billion with the increasing rate of 11.5%. The amount of China trade to China has overrun that of U.S.to Japan,which makes China to be the No.1 trade partner of Japan for the first time since the end of WWⅡ. On the other hand,the economic interde- pendence between China and Japan has the subtle but important change.
文摘The small commodities market in China has a long history,which prospers domestic economy and enriches people's lives.However,at the beginning years after the foundation of the PRC,the small commodities market was cancelled
文摘As part of its endeavor to build closer politico-strategic ties and economic integration with countries across continents, in 2013 .China put forward an ambitious plan to revive the ancient Silk Road. China termed this brainchild of Chinese President Xi Jinping the ＂Belt and Road Initiative＂ （BRI）, which consists of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. Geopolitically, the South Asian region can be seen as comprising important links between the parts of the project, a fact reflected in Beijing＇s primary commitment to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor （CPEC） linking Xinjiang＇s Kashgar with Pakistan＇s deep-water port of Gwadar, and its renewed interest in the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar （BCIM） Economic Corridor.1
文摘Public opinion is closely connected with the formulation and implementation of a country’s foreign policy. Among Western academic circles, realism and liberalism are two major
