Ultraviolet-B radiation(280–315 nm),perceived by the plant photoreceptor UVR8,is a key environmental signal that influences plant growth and development and can reduce disease and pest incidence.The positive effect o...Ultraviolet-B radiation(280–315 nm),perceived by the plant photoreceptor UVR8,is a key environmental signal that influences plant growth and development and can reduce disease and pest incidence.The positive effect of UV-B on disease resistance and incidence in various plant species supports the implementation of supplemental UV-B radiation in sustainable crop production.However,despite many studies focusing on UV-B light,there is no consensus on the best mode of application.This review aims to analyze,evaluate,and organize the different application strategies of UV-B radiation in crop production with a focus on disease resistance.We summarize the physiological effects of UV-B light on plants and discuss how plants perceive and transduce UV-B light by the UVR8 photoreceptor as well as how this perception alters plant specialized metabolite production.Next,we bring together conclusions of various studies with respect to different UV-B application methods to improve plant resistance.In general,supplemental UV-B light has a positive effect on disease resistance in many plant–pathogen combinations,mainly through the induction of the production of specialized metabolites.However,many variables(UV-B light source,plant species,dose and intensity,timing during the day,duration,background light,etc.)make it difficult to compare and draw general conclusions.We compiled the information of recent studies on UV-B light applications,including e.g.,details on the UV-B light source,experimental set-up,calculated UV-B light dose,intensity,and duration.This review provides practical insights and facilitates future research on UV-B radiation as a promising tool to reduce disease and pest incidence.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These...Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use.Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially.Therefore,in this study,critical soil P values for yield reduction(PCrit)were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials(2016-2017).At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil(in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract)was determined.Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops(potato,winter wheat,barley,rye,maize,sugar beet and temporary grassland).These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency.The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth,exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value.The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly.Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability(i.e.,lower PCrit value)for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH.Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.展开更多
It is well established that the gaseous plant hormone ethylene modulates growth and development and mediates re-sponses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Seed plants produce ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine,which is...It is well established that the gaseous plant hormone ethylene modulates growth and development and mediates re-sponses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Seed plants produce ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine,which is converted to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)by ACC synthase(ACS);ACC is then converted to ethylene by a dedicated enzyme,ACC oxidase(ACO)(Figure 1A).展开更多
文摘Ultraviolet-B radiation(280–315 nm),perceived by the plant photoreceptor UVR8,is a key environmental signal that influences plant growth and development and can reduce disease and pest incidence.The positive effect of UV-B on disease resistance and incidence in various plant species supports the implementation of supplemental UV-B radiation in sustainable crop production.However,despite many studies focusing on UV-B light,there is no consensus on the best mode of application.This review aims to analyze,evaluate,and organize the different application strategies of UV-B radiation in crop production with a focus on disease resistance.We summarize the physiological effects of UV-B light on plants and discuss how plants perceive and transduce UV-B light by the UVR8 photoreceptor as well as how this perception alters plant specialized metabolite production.Next,we bring together conclusions of various studies with respect to different UV-B application methods to improve plant resistance.In general,supplemental UV-B light has a positive effect on disease resistance in many plant–pathogen combinations,mainly through the induction of the production of specialized metabolites.However,many variables(UV-B light source,plant species,dose and intensity,timing during the day,duration,background light,etc.)make it difficult to compare and draw general conclusions.We compiled the information of recent studies on UV-B light applications,including e.g.,details on the UV-B light source,experimental set-up,calculated UV-B light dose,intensity,and duration.This review provides practical insights and facilitates future research on UV-B radiation as a promising tool to reduce disease and pest incidence.
基金The field trials of 2016 and 2017 were financed by Flemish Land Agency(project APLM/2014/3).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential element for agricultural production.Over-fertilization during decades caused an accumulation of P in soils leading to eutrophication in regions characterized by intensive agriculture.These environmental concerns together with the non-renewability of P resources have led to a more sustainable P use.Knowledge about the P need of crops is essential for a sustainable agriculture thereby minimizing P losses to the environment without lowering the yield substantially.Therefore,in this study,critical soil P values for yield reduction(PCrit)were determined based on fertilizer trials conducted between 1970 and 1988 and more recent fertilizer trials(2016-2017).At rotational level a common PCrit value of 109 mg P/kg dry soil(in an ammonium lactate and acetate extract)was determined.Crop specific PCrit values were also determined for seven crops(potato,winter wheat,barley,rye,maize,sugar beet and temporary grassland).These critical values ranged from 59 mg P/kg dry soil to 164 mg P/kg dry soil with winter wheat the least and maize the most sensitive towards P deficiency.The diversity in PCrit values among crops can mainly be explained by the root intensity but also rooting depth,exudation of organic acids and phosphatases may influence the PCrit value.The soil pH also influenced the P availability significantly.Soils with a favorable pH had a significantly higher availability(i.e.,lower PCrit value)for all crops compared to soils with a suboptimal pH.Critical soil P values might help to set up new or to evaluate current soil P in target zones used for P fertilizer recommendations.
基金supported by grants from the Research Foundation Flanders(G092419N and GOG0219N)KU Leuven(C14/18/056 to B.V.d.P.+1 种基金the National Science Foundation(MCB-1714993)to C.C.C.Cis supported in part by the Maryl and Agricultural Experiment Station.
文摘It is well established that the gaseous plant hormone ethylene modulates growth and development and mediates re-sponses to biotic and abiotic stresses.Seed plants produce ethylene from S-adenosyl-L-methionine,which is converted to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC)by ACC synthase(ACS);ACC is then converted to ethylene by a dedicated enzyme,ACC oxidase(ACO)(Figure 1A).
